60-534: Abidjan ( / ˌ æ b ɪ ˈ dʒ ɑː n / AB -ih- JAHN , French: [abidʒɑ̃] ; N'ko : ߊߓߌߖߊ߲߬) is the largest city and the former capital of Côte d'Ivoire . As of the 2021 census , Abidjan's population was 6.3 million, which is 21.5 percent of overall population of the country, making it the sixth most populous city proper in Africa , after Lagos , Cairo , Kinshasa , Dar es Salaam , and Johannesburg . A cultural crossroads of West Africa , Abidjan
120-478: A tropical wet and dry climate , according to the Köppen climate classification ( Köppen climate classification : Aw ), closely bordering a tropical monsoon climate . Abidjan has nonconsecutive rainy seasons (precipitation above 60 millimetres (2.4 in) with a long rainy season from March to July and a short rainy season from September to December, and three dry months (January, February and August). Precipitation
180-407: A hub for diplomats), and Adjamé , a slum on the north shore of the lagoon. Treichville and Marcory lie to the south, Attecoube , Locodjro, Abobo Doume and Yopougon to the west, and Île Boulay is located in the middle of the lagoon. Further south lies Port Bouët , home to the airport and main seaport . Abidjan is located at 5°25' North, 4°2' West (5.41667, –4.03333). Abidjan experiences
240-549: A municipality ( commune ) in 1956, divided into administrative areas by lagoons. Its first municipal council was elected on 18 November 1956, and the first mayor in the context of the Loi-Cadre of 1956 was president Félix Houphouët-Boigny . In 1980, the municipality of Abidjan ( commune d'Abidjan ) was transformed into the City of Abidjan ( Ville d'Abidjan ), and its territory was divided in 10 communes . A city council and mayor of
300-437: A negligible risk with extremely rare cases possible among US citizens who have close contact with birds (2009) Noun and adjective: Ivorian (Ivoirian) definition: age 15 and over can read and write (2015 est.) [REDACTED] This article incorporates public domain material from The World Factbook (2024 ed.). CIA . (Archived 2006 edition.) Henri Terrasson de Foug%C3%A8res From Misplaced Pages,
360-518: Is abundant during the summer months, except for August, due to activation of the Benguela Current , which reduces the precipitation total throughout the month. The Benguela Current also lowers the mean temperature during August, making it the coolest month of the year, averaging 24.5 °C (76.1 °F). Abidjan has two additional dry months (January and February). Abidjan is generally humid, with average relative humidity above 80% throughout
420-581: Is characterised by a high level of industrialisation and urbanisation. It is also the most populous Dioula-speaking and French-speaking city in Africa (Kinshasa being mainly Lingala -speaking). The city expanded quickly after the construction of a new wharf in 1931, followed by its designation as the capital city of the then-French colony in 1933. The completion of the Vridi Canal in 1951 enabled Abidjan to become an important sea port . Abidjan remained
480-484: Is home to the embassy of France, Hotel Ivoire (which for a long time, was the only African hotel to have a skating rink), and, since 2009, the largest U.S. embassy in West Africa. Construction on St. Paul's Cathedral , designed by Italian architect Aldo Spirito, began with the 1980 groundbreaking by Pope John Paul II and was completed in 1985. From the 1980s, Abidjan's fortunes declined as a result of negligence on
540-457: Is inhabited by people from a wide array of different ethnicities , French is commonly spoken in the metropolitan area , which is the third largest French speaking metropolitan area in the world after Kinshasa and Paris . Colloquial Abidjan French has even appeared, which has a different pronunciation and some slang words different from standard French. Abidjan is recognized as one of the few areas in Africa where French (colloquial Abidjan French)
600-501: Is made up of the 10 communes of the former City of Abidjan, and of 4 outlying sub-prefectures: Anyama , Bingerville , Brofodoumé , and Songon . Since the 2000s, the built-up area of Abidjan has largely expanded into these 4 formerly rural sub-prefectures. As a result of the creation of the Autonomous District of Abidjan in 2001, the post of Mayor of City of Abidjan was replaced by that of District Governor, appointed by
660-681: Is the current Treich-Laplénie Avenue, the bus station and water lagoon buses in Plateau, and the Avenue Charles de Gaulle (commonly called Rue du Commerce). The city was laid out like most colonial towns, on a grid plan . Le Plateau ("m'brato" in Tchaman) were inhabited by settlers. In the north, the city was inhabited by the colonized. The two zones were separated by the Gallieni Military Barracks, where now there
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#1732764973394720-616: Is the current courthouse. Near the port, originally named Boulevard de Marseille, settlers became defensive and stole a street sign of a famous street of Marseille renamed the street Canebière, a sand track. This is the legend behind the first Blohorn oil mills, in Cocody and a racetrack was built in the south of the city. In Le Plateau in the 1940s, the Bardon Park Hotel was built, the first air-conditioned hotel working in francophone Africa . Abidjan's lagoon became connected to
780-855: Is the most widely spoken one. Other language groups include the Gur languages , the Kru languages (including the Bété languages , Dida , Nyabwa , Wè , and Western Krahn ), the Kwa languages (including Akan , Anyin , and Baoulé ), and the Senufo languages . The economic development and relative prosperity of Ivory Coast fostered huge demographic shifts during the 20th century. "In 1922, an estimated 100,000 out of 1.6 million (or 6 percent) of people in Côte d'Ivoire were Muslims. By contrast, at independence (in 1960), their share of
840-432: Is truly a native tongue, along with Libreville , Gabon. The District of Abidjan's population was 6,321,017 at the 14 December 2021 census, up from 4,707,404 at the 15 May 2014 census. Demographics of Ivory Coast Demographic features of the population of Ivory Coast include population density , ethnicity , education level, health of the populace, economic status, religious affiliations and other aspects of
900-769: The International Labour Organization , the International Monetary Fund , and the International Fund for Agricultural Development . Diplomatic missions in Ivory Coast are mostly located in Abidjan. The African Development Bank (ADB), the largest financial institution in Africa, is headquartered in Abidjan. Abidjan is sisters with: The 2021 census recorded Abidjan's population as 6,321,017. As Abidjan
960-461: The article wizard to submit a draft for review, or request a new article . Search for " Henri Terrasson de Fougères " in existing articles. Look for pages within Misplaced Pages that link to this title . Other reasons this message may be displayed: If a page was recently created here, it may not be visible yet because of a delay in updating the database; wait a few minutes or try
1020-795: The 43rd BIMA which is permanently in place in accordance with established defense agreements on 24 April 1961 linking the two countries. Abidjan is the regional headquarters of major international institutions, including UNICEF , the UN Development Programme , the World Health Organization , the World Food Programme , the United Nations Office for Project Services , the United Nations Population Fund ,
1080-514: The Abidjan airport. In 2007, Pierre Laba's comedy film Permanent Danger explored the laxity of the police against banditry in major African cities, specifically in Abidjan. Abidjan is divided into districts, each of which has a police station. The municipal police and national police are separate. All police are trained at the National Police Academy in the town of Cocody. They are recruited by competitive examination held by
1140-652: The Akan division, probably comprise the largest single subgroup with 15%-20% of the population. They are based in the central region around Bouaké and Yamoussoukro . The Bétés in the Krou division, the Sénoufos in the north, and the Malinkés in the northwest and the cities are the next largest groups, with 10%-15% of the national population. Most of the principal divisions have a significant presence in neighboring countries. Of
1200-550: The City of Abidjan elected by the population oversaw the entire city, whereas 10 municipal councils also elected by the population managed each commune. Dioulo Emmanuel was elected mayor of the City of Abidjan on 30 November 1980. In 2001, the City of Abidjan was disbanded and replaced by a larger Autonomous District of Abidjan. The autonomous district overlaps the Abidjan Department , which was established in 1969 and has had its current boundaries since 1998. The district
1260-708: The French forces in Côte d'Ivoire from 2015 onward. In 2014, French defense minister Jean-Yves Le Drian announced that Abidjan would be reinforced as the entry point for France's military presence and counterterrorism operations in the Sahel region. After al-Qaeda militants targeted beachgoers at Grand-Bassam in March 2016, the French government announced it would increase its troop deployment in Côte d'Ivoire from 500 to 900. French soldiers are based in Port-Bouet as well as at
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#17327649733941320-678: The Ivorian Air Force attacked French peacekeepers in northern Côte d'Ivoire. After France destroyed Côte d'Ivoire's air capabilities in retaliation, pro-Gbagbo groups staged riots and looting in Abidjan and targeted French homes, schools, and businesses. French peacekeepers moved into the city to calm the situation. Other crises during the first civil war period include the case of the Probo Koala in 2006 , in which disposed products caused thousands of residents to seek medical attention. Côte d'Ivoire's civil conflicts seriously impacted
1380-657: The Lycée Sainte-Marie de Cocody, Lycée garçon de Bingerville, and Mami Adjoua the Lyceum. The Blaise Pascal Abidjan school is a French school – a school who has signed an agreement with the AEFE . Recently the Lycée International Jean-Mermoz re-opened which was initially called College International Jean-Mermoz, founded by Pierre Padovani. The Institution suffered from a devastating war and
1440-483: The Plateau. South of the Plateau district (the current central district of the city of Abidjan), the village of Dugbeo was moved across the lagoon to Anoumabo, "the forest of fruit bats", which became the neighborhood of Treichville (now known as Commikro, city of clerks). Treichville was renamed in 1934, in honour of Marcel Treich-Laplène (1860–1890), the first explorer of the Ivory Coast and its first colonial administrator, considered its founder. Instead of Dugbeyo,
1500-519: The additional accounting for the "low-probability, high-damage events" may increase aggregate risks to US$ 187 billion for the "moderate" RCP4.5, US$ 206 billion for RCP8.5 and US$ 397 billion under the high-end ice sheet instability scenario. Since sea level rise would continue for about 10,000 years under every scenario of climate change, future costs of sea level rise would only increase, especially without adaptation measures. The Autonomous District of Abidjan ( District Autonome d'Abidjan ), which superseded
1560-502: The capital of Côte d'Ivoire after its independence from France in 1960. In 1983, the city of Yamoussoukro was designated as the official political capital of Côte d'Ivoire. However, Abidjan has officially been designated as the "economic capital" of the country, because it is the largest city in the country and the centre of its economic activity. Many political institutions and all foreign embassies continue to be located in Abidjan as well. The Abidjan Autonomous District , which encompasses
1620-549: The city and some of its suburbs, is one of the 14 districts of Côte d'Ivoire . According to oral tradition of the Tchaman as reported in the Encyclopedic Dictionary of Côte d'Ivoire, the name "Abidjan" results from a misunderstanding. Legend states that an old man carrying branches to repair the roof of his house met a European explorer who asked him the name of the nearest village. The old man did not speak
1680-446: The city. Towns near Abidjan include Jacqueville , Grand-Lahou and Dabou in the west; Sikensi , Tiassalé , Agboville , Adzopé and Alépé in the north; and Grand-Bassam to the east. The towns (or sub-prefectures ) of Anyama , Bingerville , Brofodoumé and Songon are within the Abidjan Department , which is co-extensive with the autonomous district. Formerly managed by the French colonial administration, Abidjan became
1740-595: The crisis came with Gbagbo's capture in Abidjan in April 2011, following a major offensive by forces loyal to election winner Alassane Ouattara with support from France and the UN. Abidjan lies on the south-east coast of the country, on the Gulf of Guinea . The city is located on the Ébrié Lagoon . The business district, Le Plateau , is the center of the city, along with Cocody , Deux Plateaux (the city's wealthiest neighborhood and
1800-534: The current location of Abidjan. In 1903 it officially became a town. The settlers were followed by the colonial government, created in 1899. But then nearby Bingerville became the capital of the French colony , from 1900 until 1934. The future Abidjan, situated on the edge of the lagoon n'doupé ("the lagoon in hot water"), offered more land and greater opportunities for trade expansion. The wharf in Petit Bassam (now Port-Bouët ) south of town quickly overtook
1860-584: The district of Abidjan. A report by the Office of the UN says West Africa plays an increasingly important role in the transit of cocaine between Latin America and Europe. In May 2007, seven drug houses were dismantled and 191 people arrested including a military officer. Abidjan is home to Port-Bouet , one of the six French military bases that still exist in Africa ( Dakar , Libreville , Bouar CAR, N'Djamena and Djibouti ). Thousands of people live there, around
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1920-475: The enrollment rate is 74% and access to secondary education is limited by an entrance assessment at the 6th stage after which one-third of students are allowed to continue their studies. 24% of the student population resides in Abidjan, which comprises 20% of the total population. Abidjan is the location of the main educational institutions in the Côte d'Ivoire. These include the Lycée Classique d'Abidjan,
1980-669: The following estimates based on statistics from the Population Department of the United Nations . Total Fertility Rate (TFR) (Wanted Fertility Rate) and Crude Birth Rate (CBR): Fertility data as of 2011-2012 (DHS Program): Ivory Coast has more than 60 ethnic groups, usually classified into five principal divisions: Akan (east and center, including Lagoon peoples of the southeast), Krou (southwest), Southern Mandé (west), Northern Mandé (northwest), Sénoufo/ Lobi (north center and northeast). The Baoulés, in
2040-402: The former City of Abidjan ( Ville d'Abidjan ) in 2001, is made up of 10 central communes , whose territory corresponds to the former City of Abidjan, and 4 outlying sub-prefectures: Anyama , Bingerville , Brofodoumé , and Songon . The 10 communes of the former City of Abidjan are traditionally divided into northern Abidjan and southern Abidjan, with the Ébrié Lagoon separating both halves of
2100-485: The former Hotel Sebroko in Attécoubé. While the size of the force has been reduced since the end of the 2011 crisis, UNOCI's mandate was extended in 2013 and again in 2015. The force remains authorized to maintain up to 5,245 troops, 192 observers, 1,500 police and eight customs officers in the country. France's peacekeeping operations in Côte d'Ivoire continued under the aegis of Operation Unicorn until 2015 and then as
2160-931: The 💕 Look for Henri Terrasson de Fougères on one of Misplaced Pages's sister projects : [REDACTED] Wiktionary (dictionary) [REDACTED] Wikibooks (textbooks) [REDACTED] Wikiquote (quotations) [REDACTED] Wikisource (library) [REDACTED] Wikiversity (learning resources) [REDACTED] Commons (media) [REDACTED] Wikivoyage (travel guide) [REDACTED] Wikinews (news source) [REDACTED] Wikidata (linked database) [REDACTED] Wikispecies (species directory) Misplaced Pages does not have an article with this exact name. Please search for Henri Terrasson de Fougères in Misplaced Pages to check for alternative titles or spellings. You need to log in or create an account and be autoconfirmed to create new articles. Alternatively, you can use
2220-540: The gendarmerie is at Agban (commonly Adjamé). There are others in Abobo and Koumassi . A training school is in Cocody and the city. Since 2000, Côte d'Ivoire has experienced a sharp rise in drug trafficking. Drug dens arise mainly in informal settlements and there has been a recent spike in demand among unemployed youth and Ivorian vagrants. The Ivorian police increasingly focus on the fight against trafficking and drug use in
2280-482: The head of state. The position has been occupied by Robert Beugré Mambé since 2011. The District Governor manages Abidjan along with an assembly, the Autonomous District Council ( Conseil du District Autonome ), one-third of whose members are appointed by the government of Côte d'Ivoire, and two-third are representatives from the municipal councils of the communes making up the district. Each of
2340-512: The heart of European and middle-class Abidjan. The city saw considerable population growth in the decades following independence, expanding from 180,000 inhabitants in 1960 to 1,269,000 in 1978. Abidjan's skyline dates back to the economic prosperity of this period. New districts such as the upmarket Cocody were founded during this period; built to a large extent in a colonial style, Cocody has since become home to Côte d'Ivoire's wealthy classes as well as expatriates and foreign diplomats. The district
2400-416: The lagoon, with part lying north and part south of that body of water. The communes of Treichville , Koumassi , Marcory , and Port-Bouet in Abidjan are south of the lagoon. Blokosso [ fr ] and Locodjro [ fr ] villages are included within the city and maintain cultural identity in urban areas. The Université Félix Houphouët-Boigny was founded in 1964. In Côte d'Ivoire,
2460-453: The language of the explorer, and thought that he was being asked to justify his presence in that place. Terrified by this unexpected meeting, he fled shouting " min-chan m'bidjan ", which means in the Ebrié language : "I just cut the leaves." The explorer, thinking that his question had been answered, recorded the name of the locale as Abidjan . A slightly different and less elaborate version of
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2520-463: The legend: When the first colonists asked a native man the name of the place, the man misunderstood and replied " M'bi min djan ": "I've just been cutting leaves". Abidjan was originally a small Atchan fishing village. In 1896, following a series of deadly yellow fever epidemics , French colonists who had initially settled in Grand-Bassam decided to move to a safer place and in 1898 chose
2580-497: The more than 5 million non-Ivorian Africans living in Ivory Coast, one-third to one-half are from Burkina Faso ; the rest are from Ghana , Guinea , Mali , Nigeria , Benin , Senegal , Liberia , and Mauritania . Non-Africans in the country include French people , Lebanese people , Vietnamese people , Spaniards , Americans and Canadians . French is the official language, while there are 60 living indigenous languages spoken in Ivory Coast. The Dioula dialect of Bambara
2640-412: The most severely affected by the future sea level rise . It estimates that they would collectively sustain cumulative damages of US$ 65 billion under RCP 4.5 and US$ 86.5 billion for the high-emission scenario RCP 8.5 by the year 2050. Additionally, RCP 8.5 combined with the hypothetical impact from marine ice sheet instability at high levels of warming would involve up to US$ 137.5 billion in damages, while
2700-564: The number of people born in Ivory Coast who have migrated to OECD countries only (the table only includes communities consisting of at least 1,000 members). Demographic statistics according to the World Population Review in 2022. The following demographic are from the CIA World Factbook unless otherwise indicated. Note: highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza has been identified in this country; it poses
2760-612: The part of officials as well as corruption and general degradation. In 1983, the village of Yamoussoukro became the new political capital of Ivory Coast under the leadership of President Félix Houphouët-Boigny, who was born in Yamoussoukro. From 2002 to 2007 and especially from 2010 to 2011, Abidjan suffered from the consequences of the First and Second Ivorian Civil Wars . In November 2004, armed conflict broke out between French forces and Ivorian forces loyal to Laurent Gbagbo after
2820-696: The police administration. The police include several sections, such as the BAE (Anti Riot Squad), whose base is located in Yopougon north of the city, the CRS (Republican Security Company), whose main base is located in Williamsville (Adjame) and also includes a secondary base called CRS2, which is located in Zone 4 in the town of Marcory in the central capital. The Force and CECOS accompany the police. The main base of
2880-441: The population had increased rapidly, and Muslims were moving southward to the cocoa-producing areas and the southern cities. By 1998, [...], Muslims constituted a majority in the north of the country, and approximately 38.6 percent of the total population. This was a significantly larger population than the next largest religious group, Christians, who constituted approximately 29.1 percent of the total." In earlier decades, this shift
2940-570: The population. According to the 2022 revision of the World Population Prospects the total population was 27,478,249 in 2021, compared to only 2 630 000 in 1950. The proportion of children below the age of 15 in 2010 was 40.9%, 55.3% was between 15 and 65 years of age, while 3.8% was 65 years or older . 1.88% (2016 est.) Registration of vital events in the Ivory Coast is not complete. The website Our World in Data prepared
3000-718: The project of making the political capital Yamoussoukro in Côte d'Ivoire. This goal continues to be the consensus of the country's political leaders. Government offices are located in Le Plateau in the administrative district of Abidjan, Boulevard Carde or Angoulvant Boulevard (near the Cathedral of St. Paul of Abidjan), or elsewhere in the great buildings of the town. The instability of the 2002–2007 civil war and 2010–2011 crisis saw foreign peacekeeping forces stationed in Abidjan. The United Nations Operation in Côte d'Ivoire ( UNOCI ), established in April 2004, has its headquarters at
3060-418: The sea once the 15m-deep Vridi Canal was completed in 1950. Soon Abidjan became the financial center of West Africa. In 1958, the first bridge to connect Petit-Bassam Island with the mainland was completed. When Côte d'Ivoire became independent in 1960, Abidjan became the new country's administrative and economic center. The axis south of Treichville, towards the international airport and the beaches, became
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#17327649733943120-473: The security situation in Abidjan. Amidst the anti-French riots in November 2004, 4,000 prisoners in Abidjan escaped from the country's largest prison. Abidjan was one of the main theaters of the 2010–2011 Ivorian crisis and the site of major demonstrations against incumbent president Gbagbo, including one on International Women's Day in 2011 that saw several demonstrators killed by Gbagbo's forces. The end of
3180-563: The streets of Abidjan for the first time. The addressing project was temporarily concluded in 1964, under the leadership of Mayor Konan Kanga, then badly redone American-style in 1993. Abidjan became the third capital of Ivory Coast by a 1934 decree, following Grand-Bassam and Bingerville . Several villages in Tchaman were then deserted. The leader of the Tchaman community can still be found in Adjame ("center" or "meeting" in Tchaman), north of
3240-563: The temperature of the coldest month by 1.9 °C (3.4 °F), but the temperature of the warmest month would be 3.4 °C (6.1 °F) higher. According to Climate Action Tracker , the current warming trajectory appears consistent with 2.7 °C (4.9 °F), which closely matches RCP 4.5. Moreover, according to the 2022 IPCC Sixth Assessment Report , Abidjan is one of 12 major African cities (Abidjan, Alexandria , Algiers , Cape Town , Casablanca , Dakar , Dar es Salaam , Durban , Lagos , Lomé , Luanda and Maputo ) which would be
3300-424: The ten communes of Abidjan has its own municipal council, headed by a mayor. The last municipal elections were held in 2018. The sub-prefectures of the autonomous district also have their own mayors and councils. The communes of Abobo, Adjamé, Attécoubé, Cocody, and Plateau are located north of the Ébrié Lagoon (hence the name "Abidjan North"). This is the continental part of Abidjan. The commune of Yopougon straddles
3360-599: The wharf of Grand-Bassam in importance, and became the main point of economic access to the colony. In 1904, the rail terminus was located in the Port-Bouët area of Abidjan. Starting in 1904, when Bingerville was not yet complete, Abidjan became the main economic hub of the colony of Ivory Coast and a prime channel for distributing products to the European hinterland , particularly through the Lebanese community, which
3420-534: The year. A 2019 paper published in PLOS One estimates that under Representative Concentration Pathway 4.5 , a "moderate" scenario of climate change where global warming reaches ~2.5–3 °C (4.5–5.4 °F) by 2100, the climate of Abidjan in the year 2050 would most closely resemble the current climate of Manila in the Philippines . The annual temperature would increase by 1.8 °C (3.2 °F), and
3480-753: Was forced to close. The majority of Ivorian government institutions are still located in Abidjan and have not been transferred to the political capital, Yamoussoukro . The President's office is in Cocody , and the parliament, the Constitutional Council , the Supreme Court, and the Chancellery of the National Order are all in Le Plateau . Under the presidency of Laurent Gbagbo (2000–11), efforts were made to give effect to
3540-509: Was increasing in importance. Henri de Fougères [ fr ] became governor of French Sudan in 1924, and remained governor until his death in 1931. One of the main streets of Abidjan still bears his name. In 1931, Plateau and what would become Treichville were connected by a floating bridge, more or less where the Houphouët-Boigny Bridge stands today. The year 1931 also saw addresses begin to be assigned to
3600-558: Was mainly due to large-scale immigration from neighboring countries of the interior, that has been going on since colonial times and continued to be promoted during the Houphouet-Boigny era. Since the 1990s, the widening conversion gap between different religious groups has started to tilt the demographic balance in favor of Christians.According to the last census of 2021 Muslims make up 42.5% of population (42.9% in 2014) and Christians 39.8% (33.9% in 2014). The table below shows
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