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59-795: The Samara Bend is located at the meeting zone of two geological regions: the Volga Uplands , and the Lower Volga Lowlands. In the Volga Uplands, a region of hills on the East European Plain , the park is found on the northeast edge. Across the Volga on the left bank are the Volga Lowlands, a tectonic trough of clay and sand remaining from the ancient Caspian Sea. The Kuybyshev and Saratov reservoirs of

118-422: A city where, without any fire, a boiler dug into the ground would boil water. As a result, a similar place was founded on the shore of Lake Kaban . One legend claims that the city was named after the river Kazanka , which was named after the son of a Bulgar governor who dropped a copper cauldron into it. An older mention of the name of Kazan is associated with a pot that was drowned in the river, as evidenced by

177-504: A higher fare), there are general civil (with different tariff plans for replenishment, including time passes and an "electronic wallet"), as well as preferential electronic transport cards. Kazan's tram system is one of the oldest tram systems in Russia, opened on 20 November 1899. The tram system in Kazan consists of eight operating routes, one of which is a historical excursion route between

236-604: A location in the Volga Federal District is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Kazan Kazan is the largest city and capital of Tatarstan , Russia . The city lies at the confluence of the Volga and the Kazanka Rivers, covering an area of 425.3 square kilometres (164.2 square miles), with a population of over 1.3 million residents, and up to nearly 2 million residents in

295-645: A southwest-northeasterly direction from Volgograd to Kazan . The Tsimlyansk Reservoir lies at the southwestern end of the Volga Upland, with the Kuybyshev Reservoir at the northeastern end. The landscape on the Volga Uplands is hilly, and several rivers have cut into it, such as the Khopyor , Medveditsa and the Sura . The Volga–Don Canal cuts through the lowlands between the Volga Uplands to

354-514: A thoroughly Russian identity. Before the building of modern dams, low-lying areas were regularly flooded in April and May. Kazan suffered major fires in 1595, 1672, 1694, 1742, 1749, 1757, 1774, 1815, and 1842. Kazan was largely destroyed in 1774 as a result of Pugachev's rebellion , an uprising by border troops and peasants led by the Don Cossack ataman (Captain) Yemelyan Pugachev , but

413-403: A total fleet of 100 bikes. The service is open to anyone from 16 years of age. There are three types of subscription – monthly, weekly and daily. During the season from late spring to mid-autumn, residents and guests of Kazan typically use the service more than 15,000 times. In 2015, the first cycle routes on separate bike lanes were opened in the city centre; further expansion is planned throughout

472-420: A very long time (up to one and a half minutes). The fare is 42 rubles in cash, 38 rubles for an electronic card (2024). On the routes, conductors are involved and, in addition to paying for cash (with a higher fare), there are general civil (with different tariff plans for replenishment, including time passes and an "electronic wallet"), as well as preferential electronic transport cards. Kazan's trolleybus system

531-469: Is 556 mm. The frost-free period is 156 days. The predominant winds are from the southwest. Because of the complexity and centrality of the habitats, biodiversity is high. Plant communities include Eastern European steppe, steppe pine forests, Eastern European deciduous forests, grasslands, and floodplains. Over 1,500 species of vascular plants have been recorded in the park's borders. The trees are almost all deciduous - 97%, with linden, oak and birch

590-502: Is characterized by a mosaic of forests, steppe, and riverine wetlands. The climate in Samarskaya Luka is Humid continental climate, warm summer ( Köppen climate classification (Dfb) ). This climate is characterized by large swings in temperature, both diurnally and seasonally, with mild summers and cold, snowy winters. The coldest month is January (-10 C on average); the warmest month is July (+20 C). Average precipitation

649-544: Is forest and forest-steppe. In the eastern part of the park, the weathering of the limestone has left more than 500 craters over 1 meter to 100 meters in width, and 1 meter to 20 meters in depth. Samarskaya Luka lies in the East European forest steppe ecoregion (WWF ID#419), a transition zone between the broadleaf forests of the north and the grasslands to the south, cutting across the middle of Eastern Europe from Bulgaria through Russia. This forest steppe ecoregion

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708-402: Is incorporated as Kazan Urban Okrug . Kazan is divided into seven districts: Kazan is one of the largest industrial and financial centers of Russia, and a leading city of the Volga economic region in construction and accumulated investment. The city's gross regional product was 380 billion rubles in 2011. Total banking capital of Kazan banks is third in Russia. The main industries of

767-428: Is one of the oldest in Russia. Operation opened on 27 November 1948. In recent years, it continues to develop: new lines were launched, built and planned, while some new trolleybus lines replaced the removed tram lines. Two trolleybus depots operate a fleet of over 200 trolleybuses, all of which are green, and serve 10 routes with a total length of 359.9 km (223.63 mi). A major overhaul (CWR) of old trolleybuses

826-490: Is popular with tourists for hiking and recreation. Tickets can be purchased at travel agencies in the area; the park's website provides a list. Group tickets and guided tours must be arranged through the office in Samara. Camping and fires are not permitted along the trails and protected zones of the park. Popular trails and landmarks include: The Samarskaya Luka area has six museums, notably Ilya Repin 's house. This museum

885-488: Is received in cash, by dedicated travel cards and by banking cards. One ride fee is 36 rubles in cash or by banking card and 35 rubles by travel card. There are various plans for different types of travel which reduce single ride fees. There are no zoning tariffs within the city. On 1 July 2013, the Veli'k bicycle sharing system was launched in Kazan. In total, the system includes seven self-service bicycle docking stations, and

944-469: Is situated in Shiryaevo on the right bank of the Volga. Repin lived in this village for several months. It is there that he started painting his masterpiece “ Barge Haulers on the Volga ”. Volga Uplands The Volga Upland , also known as the Volga Uplands , Volga Hills , or Volga Plateau ([Приволжская возвышенность] Error: {{Lang}}: invalid parameter: |3= ( help ) ), is a vast region of

1003-493: Is the most popular type of public transport in Kazan: in 2016, it carried about 74% of passengers. As of 2017, there are about 62 bus routes in the city, with a total length of more than 1.2 thousand km. The total number of buses operating on city routes is 840. The movement of all buses is monitored using an automated control system based on satellite navigation. Any Internet user can track the movement of buses. Kazan's bus system

1062-730: The East European Plain in the European part of Russia that lies west of the Volga River and east of the Central Russian Upland . The uplands lie in the cool continental climate zone, characterised by large fluctuations in seasonal temperatures and generally little rainfall. Outside of the cities in the region, population density is generally between 28 and 129 inhabitants per square mile. The uplands run for approximately 800 kilometres (500 mi) in

1121-571: The 2013 Summer Universiade , and was one of the host cities of the 2018 FIFA World Cup . Kazan hosted the BRICS Games from 12 to 23 June 2024. Athletes competed in 27 sports. The term kazan means 'boiler' or 'cauldron' ( Russian : каза́н/ Tatar : казан) in the Tatar and Turkic languages. The origin of the city and its name is often described as follows: a sorcerer advised the Bulgars to build

1180-644: The Kaban lake . The oldest of these seems to be the Kremlin. After the Mongols ravaged the Bolğar and Bilär territories in the 13th century, the surviving Bulgars recovered in numbers and a small number of Kipchaks were assimilated from which they adopted their language (the so-called Bulgarism), or Kipchaks and Bulgars mixed to create a modern Kazan-Tatar population. Some Tatars also went to Lithuania, brought by Vytautas

1239-455: The Kama tank school in Kazan. During World War II , many industrial plants and factories to the west were relocated in Kazan, making the city a center of the military industry , producing tanks and planes . After the war Kazan consolidated as an industrial and scientific center. In 1979, the city's population reached one million. In the late 1980s and in the 1990s, after the dissolution of

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1298-751: The revolution centers. In 1918, Kazan was the capital of the Idel-Ural State , which was suppressed by the Bolshevik government. In the Kazan Operation of August 1918, it was briefly occupied by Czechoslovak Legions . In 1920, Kazan became the center of Tatar Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic . After the Treaty of Rapallo (1922) until 1933, the German and the Russian army operated together

1357-401: The 1990s Kazan Zilant in various styles began to appear in print media. Modern graphics of the emblem and flag appeared in 2005—in a silver field on the green earth a black dragon with red wings and tongue, with gold paws, claws and eyes, topped with a gold crown. The shield is crowned with a Kazan cap. According to the traditions of heraldry, the dragon symbolizes power, wisdom and invincibility,

1416-556: The Republic of Tatarstan. Kazan is renowned for its vibrant mix of Tatar and Russian cultures. In 2023, 4 million tourists visited Kazan, and Kazan Kremlin , a World Heritage Site , recorded more than 4.5 million visits. In April 2009, the Russian Patent Office granted Kazan the right to refer to itself as the "Third Capital of Russia". In 2009, Kazan was chosen as the "sports capital of Russia". Kazan hosted

1475-590: The Soviet Union , Kazan again became the center of Tatar culture and identity, and separatist tendencies intensified. With the return of capitalism, Kazan became one of the most important centers of the Russian Federation. The city went from 10th to 8th position in population ranking of Russian cities. In the early 2000s, the city earned the right to host both the 2013 Summer Universiade and 2018 FIFA World Cup . Millennium of Kazan Since 2000,

1534-542: The Volga form the north and south borders of the park. The Volga's detour around the Zhiguli mountains is almost 200 km in length. The Zhiguli, and most of the bedrock in the park, is a karst (limestone) formation, averaging about 300 meters in height. About 18% of the Samara Bend National Park is in the mountainous Zhiguli on the north, 8% is on Volga floodplains to the south, and the remainder

1593-760: The Volga region, and now it holds the position and implements the Republican program of liquidation of dilapidated housing which was unique for Russia. According to Forbes , Kazan was ranked 15th among the "Best cities for business in Russia" of 2010. In 2012, Kazan ranked 6th in the quality of city environment rating, which was made by the Russian Federation Ministry of Regional Development, Russian Alliance of Engineers, Federal Construction Agency, Federal Service of Supervision of Consumer Protection and Welfare and Moscow Federal University. The first bus routes in Kazan came to use in 1925. The bus

1652-499: The city are: mechanical engineering, chemical, petrochemical, light and food industries. An innovative economy is represented by the largest IT-park in Russia which is one of the largest of its kind among Eastern European science parks . Kazan ranked 186th in Mercer 's 1999 Worldwide Quality of Living Survey. In 2011, city organisations and businesses attracted more than 87 billion rubles for economy and social sphere development. This

1711-472: The city centre and includes a main building (built in 1896), a commuter trains terminal, a ticket office building and some other technical buildings. The station serves 36 intercity trains, and more than eight million passengers per annum. The second terminus called "Kazan-2" is situated in the northern part of the city. Kazan also has 19 platforms for commuter trains. In addition, within the city there are also 24 railway stations and stopping platforms. Payment

1770-400: The city has been undergoing a total renovation. The historical center including the Kremlin was rebuilt, however a large number of the city's historical districts were completely demolished in the renovation. Kazan celebrated its millennium in 2005, after a city-organized historical commission settled on 1005 as the official year of the city's founding. During the millennium celebrations, one of

1829-536: The city's wall. Later Tatar merchants and handicraft masters also settled there. During this period, Kazan was largely destroyed as a result of several great fires. After one of them in 1579, the icon Our Lady of Kazan was discovered in the city. In the early 17th century, at the beginning of the Time of Troubles in Russia, the Tsardom of Kazan declared independence under the leadership of voyvoda Nikanor Shulgin with

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1888-515: The city, formerly largely of timber construction, was soon afterwards rebuilt, using stone and according to a grid pattern plan, during the reign of Catherine the Great . Catherine also decreed that mosques could again be built in Kazan, the first being Marjani Mosque . At the beginning of the 19th century Kazan State University and printing press were founded by Alexander I . It became an important center for Oriental Studies in Russia. The Qur'an

1947-504: The development of the city, the hunters went in search of the King of snakes and defeated him, according to another version, the residents of the city bought off the giant snake with gold, after which all the snakes left the city. Another legend says that the giant dragon-like serpent always guarded the Khan's treasures, and that it still protects the hidden wealth before the capture of the city in

2006-411: The earth—life and wealth, the crown-development, and the cap above the shield-the capital of the city. Kazan is the capital of Tatarstan . Within the framework of administrative divisions , it is incorporated as the city of republic significance of Kazan —an administrative unit with the status equal to that of the districts . As a municipal division , the city of republic significance of Kazan

2065-561: The fighters who remained here [in Kazan] on the settlement of different generations and from foreigners attracted to Kazan, but especially Nogai Tatars , who all through their union into a single society formed a special people. — Carl Wilhelm Müller . "Description of all the peoples living in the Russian state,.." Part Two. About the peoples of the Tatar tribe. S-P, 1776, Translated from German. — Johann Gottlieb Georgi . Description of all

2124-552: The great. Kazan became the center of the Principality, which was dependent on The Golden Horde. In the 13th and 14th centuries, Kazan was growing, becoming an important trade and political center within the Golden Horde . The growth of the city was also promoted by the successful geographical location at the intersection of major trade routes connecting East and West. During the same period, the minting of currency began with

2183-620: The greater metropolitan area . Kazan is the fifth-largest city in Russia, being the most populous city on the Volga, as well as within the Volga Federal District . Historically, Kazan was the capital of the Khanate of Kazan , and was conquered by Ivan the Terrible in the 16th century, at which point the city became a part of the Tsardom of Russia . The city was seized (and largely destroyed) during Pugachev's Rebellion (1773–1775), but

2242-492: The help of the Russian population, but this independence was suppressed by Kuzma Minin in 1612. In 1708, the Tsardom of Kazan was abolished, and Kazan became the seat of Kazan Governorate . After Peter the Great 's visit, the city became a center of shipbuilding for the Caspian fleet . The major Russian poet Gavrila Derzhavin was born in Kazan in 1743, the son of a poor country squire of Tatar ancestry though himself having

2301-461: The indication of the place of minting—"Bulgar al-Jadid", that is, a New Bulgar. In 1438, the Bulgar fortress Kazan (ISKE-Kazan) was captured by the ousted Golden Horde Khan Ulugh Muhammad , who killed the local Prince Swan and moved the fortress to a modern place (according to Russian Chronicles). The city became the capital of the Khanate of Kazan . The city Bazaar, Taş Ayaq (stone foot) has become

2360-717: The largest mosque in Russia, Qolsharif , was dedicated in the Kazan Kremlin, the holiest copy of Our Lady of Kazan was returned to the city, the Millennium Bridge was inaugurated that year, and the Kazan Metro began operation. The government of the Russian Federation released the Medal "In Commemoration of the 1000th Anniversary of Kazan" . In 2010, for the preparations to the 2013 Universiade, Kazan began even more renovation by modernizing its airport, fixing

2419-476: The most common. The 3% conifers are in small stands of sparse Scots pine found on the higher slopes and on limestone. A noteworthy feature of the vertebrates in the park is that 30% of the species are living at the edge of their historical ranges. The result is that northern taiga species, such as the Ural owl , can be found in close proximity to southern steppe species such as the European bee-eater . The park

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2478-409: The most important shopping center in the region, especially for furniture. Handicraft production also flourished, as the city gained a reputation for its leather and gold products, as well as the wealth of its palaces and mosques. Kazan had trade relations with Moscow, Crimea, Turkey, and other regions. As a result of the siege of Kazan in 1552, Tsar Ivan the Terrible conquered the city. During

2537-522: The movement of trolleybuses. A single-line Kazan Metro (running north to south-east) opened on 27 August 2005. As of 2024, the Kazan Metro had eleven stations and crossed the Kazanka River . A second metro line is being built (Feb 2024). Kazan is connected with Moscow , Ulyanovsk , Yoshkar-Ola and Yekaterinburg by train. The main railway station Kazan–Passazhirskaya is located in

2596-488: The north and the adjacent Yergeni Hills to the south. The Volga Uplands themselves are rather sparsely populated, but along their edges and in particular along the banks of the Volga there are several large cities, such as (from north to south) Kazan , Ulyanovsk , Saransk , Penza , Syzran , Saratov and Volgograd . The hill ranges along the Volga banks are traditionally called mountains ( горы ), despite being of low height. The main ones are: This article about

2655-484: The peoples living in the Russian state : their everyday rituals, customs, clothes, dwellings, exercises, amusements, faiths and other memorabilia. Part 2 : About the peoples of the Tatar tribe and other undecided origin of the Northern Siberian. - 1799.page 8 According to the official version adopted today, the city was founded more than 1,000 years ago. The estimated date of the urban settlement on

2714-430: The railway station and river port. The daily output is 87 trams. Most of the tram lines are laid along the axis of the main streets, most of them on a dedicated track, fenced with side stones. The tram in the city center was largely removed in the 2000s due to the fight against traffic jams on narrow streets; some routes turned out to be unprofitable after the optimization of the transport scheme in 2006–2007. In 2009–2020,

2773-507: The reconstruction of tram tracks on the main highways was carried out, as well as the construction of four new tram lines, which made it possible to launch circular tram routes No. 5/5a with an accelerated mode of movement in 2012-2020 along the sections of the Big Kazan Ring. All trams are equipped with autoinformators, announcements in which are in three languages (Russian, Tatar, English), for this reason announcements are played for

2832-430: The secret caves. Historically, it is true that snakes were once numerous in the Kazan region, but then their number has decreased dramatically. The first official coat of arms of Kazan was approved on 18 October 1781 and was described as "black snake under the crown of gold, Kazan, red wings, white field". In 1926, the country introduced a ban on such heraldry. In the 1980s, the coat of arms of Kazan began to reappear, and in

2891-540: The site of Kazan is 1004–1005 AD. The reason for this dating was found during excavations in the Kazan Kremlin – a Czech coin, dated by the Board of St. Wenceslaus (presumably, coinage 929–930 years) and the earliest Czech coin, the remains of masonry and wooden city fence, handicrafts and utensils (Hungarian type lining, women's beads, etc.), as well as other artifacts with less obvious dating. According to official statements, experts from 20 cities of Russia and 22 countries of

2950-407: The streets, enhancing public transport, and adopting Russian, English, and Tatar languages in all transportation, large stores, and shopping centers. In 2021, a teenager killed nine people in a school mass shooting and bombing . The historical symbol of Kazan is the mythical dragon-like creature Zilant , often mentioned in legends. For example, when numerous snakes and reptiles severely hampered

3009-489: The subsequent governorship of Alexander Gorbaty-Shuysky , most of the Kazan's Tatar residents were forcibly Christianized or deported, and Mosques and palaces were ruined. The surviving Tatar population was moved to a place 50 kilometers (31 mi) away from the city and this place was forcibly settled by Russian farmers and soldiers. Tatars in the Russian service were settled in the Tatar Bistäse settlement near

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3068-406: The text: Kazan Tatars got their name from the main city of Kazan - and it is so called from the Tatar word Kazan, the cauldron, which was omitted by the servant of the founder of this city, Khan Altyn Bek, not on purpose, when he scooped water for his master to wash, in the river now called Kazanka. In other respects, according to their own legends, they were not of a special tribe, but descended from

3127-522: The top 500 in terms of revenues in Russia. The total area of city business centres is 330 thousand square metres. Innovative economy in Kazan is represented by the biggest IT-park in Russia and also the biggest technical park in Europe. The only online platform for governmental trade except the Moscow one is operated in Kazan. During the post-Soviet period Kazan was the leader in terms of house construction in

3186-591: The world were involved in the study of findings related to the age of Kazan. Kazan was a border post between Volga Bulgaria and two Finno-Ugric peoples —the Mari and Udmurt . Another question is where the citadel was built originally. Archaeological explorations have produced evidence of urban settlement in three parts of the modern city: in the Kremlin ; in Bişbalta at the site of the modern Zilantaw monastery; and near

3245-404: Was 44% more than in 2010. In 2014, businesses attracted 86 billion rubles. Most of them have been implemented in the real economy sector. Because of the unstable economic situation within the country, there was a decrease of investment rates in 2015 and—according to the statistics of the first part of the year—it composed 51684.2 million rubles. There are head offices of six companies that are in

3304-606: Was carried out at the Kazan aircraft plant KAPO for the city at the beginning of the 21st century. As of June 2024, the fare is 42 rubles in cash or 38 rubles by electronic transportation card or debit card. On the routes, conductors are involved and, in addition to paying for cash (with a higher fare), there are general civil (with different tariff plans for replenishment, including time passes and an "electronic wallet"), as well as preferential electronic transport cards. All trolleybuses are monitored by an automated control system based on satellite navigation. Any Internet user can track

3363-477: Was first printed in Kazan in 1801. Kazan became an industrial center and peasants migrated there to join its industrial workforce. In 1875, a horse tramway appeared; 1899 saw the installation of a tramway . After the Russian Revolution of 1905 , Tatars were allowed to revive Kazan as a Tatar cultural center. The first Tatar theater and the first Tatar newspaper appeared. In 1917, Kazan became one of

3422-631: Was later rebuilt during the reign of Catherine the Great . In the following centuries, Kazan grew to become a major industrial, cultural and religious centre of Russia. In 1920, after the Russian SFSR became a part of the Soviet Union , Kazan became the capital of the Tatar Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (Tatar ASSR). Following the dissolution of the Soviet Union , Kazan remained the capital of

3481-468: Was totally renovated in 2007. 62 routes have an aggregate length of 1,981 km (1,231 mi). All 1,444 buses are colored red. Half of the buses are imported, produced by Golden Dragon , Higer , MAZ , Yutong , and Hyundai . Other buses are mostly Russian made NefAZ . The fare is 42 rubles in cash, 38 rubles by credit card and by a special transport card (as of Jan 2024). On the routes, conductors are involved and, in addition to paying for cash (with

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