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61-417: The municipality is home to Mapanuepe Lake that formed after the 1991 eruption of Mount Pinatubo . The town got its name after the first Capitan Municipal whose name was Marcelino de Oraá Lecumberri . The people of this municipality during that time were fond of saints, so they added "San" to the name Marcelino, thus making it San Marcelino. The first election was held on January 14, 1906, and Matias Apostol

122-479: A Teniente Absoluto. At this point, historical records became confusing. The next account has dated January 14, 1906 when Matias Apostol was reportedly installed as the first elected President of San Marcelino. From then on, the progressive development of San Marcelino continued under duly elected leaders. From late 1900 to March 1902, the 25th Infantry Regiment , operated in Zambales, including San Marcelino, during

183-422: A government structure was set up under the leadership of the friars whose power, at this point in time, had become entrenched, and deeply anchored in religion. The friars appointed local or district leaders, a cabeza de barangay for every barangay, among which were Consuelo, Nagbunga and Sinnerrekan (now known as Linusungan). The number of barangays has expanded to 18 since then. In the settlers' barangay of barrio,

244-403: A middle-aged Teniente del Barrio, Marcelino Ora, was appointed. It was after him that the town was eventually named, long after he was gone. "San" was arbitrarily added to the name due to the people's religiosity. Domingo Magsaysay and Antonio Rolls later succeeded him. When the barangay needed to choose a patron saint, the leaders chose the priest who Christianized the town, Father Guillermo. Ath

305-510: A number of small west Texas posts, including Forts Bliss , Clark , Davis , and Stockton . The 25th was posted along the Mexican border in Texas and New Mexico for the next ten years, providing border security, building roads and telegraph lines, and on occasion participating in operations against Indian bands. In 1878, a detachment entered Mexico on a punitive expedition. In 1880 the 25th

366-494: A number of volunteer United States Colored Troops (USCT) regiments during the war. The new regiments were the 38th, 39th, 40th and 41st Infantry Regiments, and they set about recruiting mostly from USCT veterans. This was the first time that the Regular Army had non-white regiments as part of its organization. The U.S. Army continued to have racially segregated units until 1950. By an act of 3 March 1869, Congress reduced

427-440: Is a church tower with a huge metal cross right in the middle of the lake. Prior to the 1991 eruption, studies of geologic formations and sediments of Mapanuepe Valley showed that the area was the site of a similar lahar-formed lake from old eruptions. The lake water is reportedly contaminated with mercury leaking from the abandoned Dizon Copper Mine on the east shore of the lake. However, harmful chemicals are now diluted and

488-564: Is a government funded higher education institution in Zambales established in 1910 and converted into a state university in 1998 thus changing its name from Western Luzon Agricultural College to President Ramon Magsaysay State University - San Marcelino Campus under the university system. The main campus of PRMSU is located in the Municipality of Iba, Zambales. The university is named after the province's greatest son and former President of

549-409: Is politically subdivided into 18 barangays .   Each barangay consists of puroks and some have sitios . In the 2020 census, the population of San Marcelino was 37,719 people, with a density of 90 inhabitants per square kilometre or 230 inhabitants per square mile. Poverty incidence of San Marcelino Source: Philippine Statistics Authority San Marcelino Airfield was built before

610-616: The 107th Infantry Regiment , it was activated with all the required supporting forces: the 571st Field Artillery Battalion (105mm Howitzer, Truck Drawn); 22d Medium Tank Company; 973d Engineer Combat Company; and the 375th Medical Collecting Company. The 107th had recently been assigned the 196th Army Ground Forces Band (Colored) from Camp Shelby , Mississippi . The 107th RCT had an assigned strength of 139 officers, 7 warrant officers, and 2,662 enlisted men. Officer personnel were white and colored while enlisted personnel were all colored. The 107th RCT history would be short-lived. On 21 March 1946,

671-655: The Philippine–American War , with elements in San Marcelino in December 1900 and March 1902. During this period, the regiment conducted policing and judiciary functions, such as the prosecution of Elias Agpalo. In 1904, due to Act Number 945 of the Philippine Commission , San Marcelino's municipal oversight was extended to neighboring Castillejos and San Antonio . That same year, Ilokano

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732-549: The steeple of the church protruding out of the water remained from one of the villages. Mapanuepe lake is located at the confluence of Marella and Mapanuepe Rivers as the two rivers merge to become the Santo Tomas River. The subsequent rains following the 1991 eruption of Mount Pinatubo produced lahar that dumped volcanic debris on the Marella River, one of the major drainages of the mountain, aggrading

793-664: The 107th would be reflagged as the 25th Regimental Combat Team (Colored) assigned to Fourth Headquarters, First Army and would inherit all the units of the 107th RCT minus the 107th Infantry Regiment. The first commander of the 25th RCT was Colonel (later BG) Robert L. Dulaney a veteran of WWII in Europe . On 6 April, the regiment was selected to march in the Army Day parade down Constitution Avenue in Washington, D.C. representing all veterans from WWI and WWII . On 18 April 1946,

854-483: The 25th RCT, the regimental combat team organization was no more on 15 February 1947. The 25th Infantry Regiment organization would remain along with the same supporting units with the addition of the 999th Field Artillery Battalion. The number of 25th Infantry rifle battalions would drop from three to two. The First Battalion was designated to furnish personnel for the Air Indoctrination Course that

915-658: The 25th returned from Cuba to posts in the southern Rockies. Late in the year they shipped out to the Philippine Islands under the command of Colonel Andrew S. Burt to participate in operations against the Philippine nationalist movement of Emilio Aguinaldo . They returned to the U.S. in 1902. In 1906 a company of 167 soldiers of the 25th Infantry was dishonorably discharged without a trial on grounds of having shot at whites in Brownsville, Texas . In 1972

976-528: The 25th was assigned to garrison duty at Schofield Barracks in Hawaii and did not see combat. The 25th Infantry was stationed at Camp Stephen D. Little, Arizona, as of June 1919 as a separate regiment. The 2nd Battalion was transferred in July 1922 from Camp Shannon, Hachita, New Mexico , to Camp Furlong , New Mexico . The 1st Battalion was transferred in 1926 to Camp Harry J. Jones , Arizona. The 3rd Battalion

1037-528: The 25th. 20 men who met the Army's physical specifications were joined by fort physician Dr. James M. Kennedy and journalist Edward Boos of The Daily Missoulian for the trip. They set off for St. Louis on 14 June 1897. The group suffered from thirst, hunger, and the ill effects of alkali water, cold, heat, and loss of sleep. Shifting from the snow and sleet of the Rocky Mountains to the warm temperatures of

1098-606: The 27th and 35th Infantry Regiments in the division. The 4th Infantry Regiment was pulled out of the division and returned to the states. To bring the 24th Infantry Regiment up to full strength, the War Department approved transferring soldiers from the 25th Infantry Regiment to the 24th Infantry Regiment on very short notice. Over 20 officers and 515 soldiers from the 25th Infantry Regiment at Fort Moore were intensively trained for this assignment. This contingent of soldiers left Fort Moore , Georgia , on 5 February 1947, under

1159-639: The 2nd Battalion, 18th Infantry , raised in 1861 for service in the American Civil War , was separated and designated the 25th Infantry Regiment. In 1869, it was consolidated back into the 18th. After the Civil War, the regular army was expanded to 45 infantry regiments from its wartime strength of 19. The act of Congress that authorized this included the creation of four regiments of "Colored Troops", racially segregated units with white officers and African American enlisted men. The army had raised

1220-420: The 45 regiments to 25, and the four colored regiments to two. The 39th and 40th Regiments were consolidated and renumbered as the 25th Infantry Regiment. In April the 25th established its first headquarters at Jackson Barracks , Louisiana , under command of Colonel Joseph A. Mower . In May 1870 the regiment was ordered to San Antonio, Texas . After a short period there, its companies were distributed across

1281-572: The American armed forces. Right after the 25th Infantry Regiment was inactivated in February 1946 at Camp Stoneman , California , it was brought back to life during the period February–May 1946 at Fort Moore (then known as Fort Benning), Georgia . But first, the 107th Regimental Combat Team (RCT) (Colored) is worth mentioning and is part of this story. First Army activated the 107th RCT at Fort Moore , Georgia on 21 February 1946. Built around

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1342-643: The Ilocano settlers eventually left Vega Hill and stayed in Magaring, a place now known as Barangay Linasin. This area was, and still is, part of the town. Eventually, the Ilocanos decided to settle at the Poblacion. However, they refused to be integrated into the communities of the local residents. They lived according to their own traditions. They were governed by their obedience to their community elders. When

1403-568: The Marcelinians filed a petition for San Marcelino's elevation to Pueblo through the Teniente Primero, Antonio Ladrido Juliano. In 1846, the petition was approved. The elation over the appointment of a local leader did not last long. The Marcelinian elders became discontented over the fact that their appointed leaders turned out to be just nominal leaders. The friars still made decisions in relation to important matters. In addition,

1464-777: The Ramon Magsaysay Polytechnic College in Iba, the Western Luzon Agricultural College in San Marcelino (with campus in the Municipality of Botolan), and the Candelaria School of Fisheries in Candelaria into a university system known as Ramon Magsaysay Technological University. A three- year transition period transpired before the formal operation of the university in 2001. In the same year, Dr. Feliciano S. Rosete

1525-731: The Republic of the Philippines, President Ramon Magsaysay . Aside from the San Marcelino Campus, it also has satellite campuses in the municipalities of Santa Cruz, Candelaria, Masinloc, Botolan and Castillejos - all in the province of Zambales. The university also offers nursing courses at the Mondriaan Aura College in SBMA under a consortium program. PRMSU is one of the fastest growing state universities in

1586-553: The Republic of the Philippines, had secured the field three days earlier. After the liberation by combined Filipino - American troops in Zambales in 1945, it was developed into a Fifth Air Force command facility as well as an operational airfield. With the end of the war, the airfield was closed and is now part of the town of San Marcelino. President Ramon Magsaysay State University - San Marcelino Campus , formerly known as Western Luzon Agricultural College (WLAC) and as Ramon Magsaysay Technological University - San Marcelino Campus

1647-547: The Spaniards came, a Spanish friar, Father Guillermo, stayed at the Poblacion with the Marcelinian forefathers. In the succeeding years, more Spanish friars came, strengthening the stronghold of Christianity among the Ilocano settlers. The need for formalizing a political/administrative structure of the town also became evident as the population increased and the socio-economic life of the town became complex. Consequently,

1708-630: The accused were found to be innocent of the charges and the 1906 order was reversed. In the summer of 1910, the newly created United States Forest Service was fighting hundreds of fires across northern Idaho, Western Montana and eastern Washington. Drought conditions, high winds, high temperatures and lightning had created hundreds of forest fires. Dispatched by the Army to assist in the firefighting efforts, members of Company G, 25th Infantry Regiment, stationed at Fort George Wright in Spokane, Washington were sent to Avery, Idaho . Arriving on 17 August 1910,

1769-566: The command of Capt. Raymond A. Diggs on their first leg of a long-distance journey by ship to Japan. These soldiers arrived in Japan in late February 1947. In a ceremony at the Sand Hill parade grounds early in March 1947, the 25th Infantry Regiment received its three WWII Asiatic-Pacific campaign streamers for New Guinea , Northern Solomons, and Bismarck Archipelago . In a major reorganization of

1830-524: The corps had to dismount every seven miles due to road conditions. They did not reach their destination until 24 July. The group was greeted by celebration in St. Louis by locals and cyclists alike. After submitting his report, Moss petitioned for the group to ride to St. Paul, Minnesota, then continue back to Fort Missoula by train, but his request was denied, and the men traveled back by train from St. Louis. On 7 February 1898, Lt. Moss requested another trip for

1891-656: The corps, this time from Fort Missoula to San Francisco. As the Spanish-American War broke out in April 1898, the 25th was reassigned to active duty in Cuba and all further tests were cancelled. Lt. Moss was reassigned to the 24th Infantry and petitioned for bicycles to be utilized in their campaign in Cuba. This was rejected by the U.S. Army, who would go on to use motorcycles and automobiles in future conflicts. All four colored regiments were transferred to Florida in

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1952-697: The country. This was proven when the Department of Budget and Management in 2007 classified RMTU as a Level III-A university, thus leveling with established universities in Metro Manila like the University of the Philippines and the Polytechnic University of the Philippines . On February 12, 1998, President Fidel Ramos signed Republic Act 8498 authored by Zambales 2nd District Representative Antonio Magsaysay Diaz. The law integrated

2013-518: The end of the war. For World War II the 25th Infantry Regiment (Colored) received campaign credit for the Northern Solomons , Bismarck Archipelago and New Guinea. The regiment was inactivated at Camp Stoneman , California on 3 February 1946, and relieved from assignment to the 93d Infantry Division on 5 February 1946. Within a few years, the entire U.S. military was ordered desegregated by President Harry Truman , ending all segregation in

2074-488: The entire 25th RCT moved to the Sand Hill area of Fort Moore . In May 1946, the 25th RCT activated its 3d Battalion which had been unfilled since 21 March 1946. With the new 3d battalion now part of the 25th RCT, personnel would increase by 139 officers, 5 warrant officers, and 2810 enlisted personnel for a 25th RCT total of approximately 4,000 soldiers. In early November 1946, the 25th RCT regimental colors were returned to

2135-447: The friars reportedly became shockingly abusive. In anger, many of the leaders and pockets of townspeople joined the insurrectos - rebel groups. On the forefront were Jorge Udan, Francisco Corpus and Alipio Corpus. Relenting to the demands of the majority of the people, the friars later agreed to give the leaders more participation in running their respective districts. On March 10, 1852, San Marcelino held its first municipal election for

2196-569: The hub of leadership because when the Ilocanos arrived in the area, the Tagalog-speaking native residents were already organized there. While it was under Castillejos, conflict broke out between the Ilocano and Tagalog settlers due to the refusal of the Ilocanos to obey the town officials who were mostly Tagalog. To ease the enmity between the two groups, the Alcalde Mayor decided to separate San Marcelino from Castillejos. In 1843,

2257-485: The introduction of bicycle troops in the U.S. Army. The volunteer corps was led by Lieutenant James A. Moss and the 25th and the volunteer group tested the feasibility of the bicycles by completing long-distance trips. The first trip was a four-day, 126-mile trip to Lake McDonald, directly north of Fort Missoula. Carrying roughly 120 pounds of supplies and 50 pounds of ammunition, the cyclists endured rough roads, steep hills, muddy boots, and constant bicycle repairs. Despite

2318-570: The lake is believed to be safe for diving and fishing. 25th Infantry Regiment (United States) The 25th Infantry Regiment was an infantry regiment of the United States Army activated in 1866 and deactivated in 1957. One of the " Buffalo Soldier " units, the racially segregated regiment saw action during the American Indian Wars , Spanish–American War , Philippine–American War and World War II . There

2379-436: The lower elevations proved to be a challenge for the corps. The contaminated water made several members ill, including Lt. Moss, who had to catch up to the group by train once they recovered. Mud and poor road conditions slowed the group down as well, causing their rations to run out ahead of schedule. The bicycles could not ride through the mud, so the men often carried them when attempting to traverse mud. Lt. Moss estimated that

2440-401: The obstacles, the trip was named as a success and six days later they embarked on their next trip: a 325-mile trip to Fort Yellowstone. Travelling about 45 miles a day, the regiment arrived at Yellowstone after an 8-and-a-half-day trek. The men had to carry extra food and supplies for the trip, increasing the weight of the bicycles. Technical issues (mainly tires) continued to create problems for

2501-585: The peak of Vega Hill in the heart of an idyllic Zambales jungle. The pre-Hispanic settlers from the Ilocos Region were led by the ancestors of the Corpuses, Udans, Ragadios, Raguinis, Rabanes and Fabunans. Vega Hill reportedly measured 440.94 square kilometers. It used to be one of the three communities that comprised a town. The two others were what are now known as Castillejos and San Antonio Naturally adventurous and united by their common struggles,

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2562-561: The program in early November 1946 at Fort Moore, Georgia. Now that the 25th RCT had been brought up to full personnel strength, it would soon be supporting its old friend the 24th Infantry Regiment (Colored). The 24th was now on occupation duty in the Far East. The Army was going to try an experiment of integrating the entire 24th Infantry Regiment (Colored) into the white 25th Infantry Division also on occupation duty in Japan . This would leave

2623-519: The regiment assumed command and control of the Arizona Civilian Conservation Corps District. The regimental headquarters was transferred in December 1933 to Fort Huachuca. First Sergeant William McCauley, the last active duty member of the regiment who participated in the charge at El Caney, Cuba, on 1 July 1898, retired at Fort Huachuca in April 1934. In World War II the 25th Infantry Regiment (Colored)

2684-673: The river that eventually dammed the Mapanuepe River. The rising waters submerged the Mapanuepe Valley including the barangays of Aglao (lower), Buhawen and Pili of San Marcelino , Zambales . During the development of the lake, breaching and reforming of the debris dam occurred following each lahar episode. At its maximum extent, the lake grew to an area of 670 hectares (1,700 acres) and had a stored water volume of 75 x 10 cubic meters (98,000,000 cu yd) before reaching its current state. The only structure that remains

2745-573: The same year. From 26 May to 21 June the regiment was stationed on the Green Islands where it received further training and was employed for the construction of defensive fortifications and installations. From 10 November 1944 to 30 March 1945 the 25th Infantry Regiment was involved as defense regiment around Finschafen New Guinea . The regiment's final transfer during World War II was to Morotai Island where it arrived by 12 April 1945 where it once again participated in offensive operations until

2806-524: The soldiers assisted with the cleanup and in the search and recovery of the many that were killed during the fire. In the PBS documentary titled "The Big Burn", historians credit the Buffalo Soldiers with saving the town of Avery by building a "back" fire that collided and then consumed the "front" fire until there was no fire. Their "wit" saved the town from utter destruction. During World War I,

2867-459: The soldiers worked on the fire threatening the town over the next four days. On 21 August the forest fire, pushed by strong winds and joining other fires, forced the evacuation of Avery, and the Soldiers of the 25th Infantry Regiment were instrumental in the safe evacuation of hundreds of townsfolk. By the time the fire ended a few days later, over three million acres had been burned. After the fire

2928-494: The soldiers, with tires constantly needing replaced due to damage and poor design. More technical issues were found during the trip back to Fort Missoula from Yellowstone, with the mud making the terrain very difficult to traverse. After more training maneuvers and small-scale tests, the 25th completed a trip from Fort Missoula to St. Louis, Missouri. The 1,900-mile trip involved differing climates and altitudes as well as both wet and dry terrain, which each posed its own problems for

2989-418: The spring of 1898 in preparation for the war with Spain . They were assigned to Major General William R. Shafter 's V Corps, which moved to Cuba to capture the major eastern city, Santiago de Cuba . The 25th participated in the 1 July 1898 assault on El Caney , commanded by Brigadier General Henry W. Lawton . Men from the 25th were among the first to reach the summit. Private T.C. Butler of H Company

3050-465: The time the priest had already left San Marcelino. Like Marcelino Ora, the title of Saint was apparently just attached to his name. San Marcelino was originally founded by the Ilocano settlers in Castillejos, as it was under the jurisdiction of Castillejos from 1843 to 1846, a barrio of San Narciso from 1846 to 1849, and a barrio of San Antonio from May 1849 to March 1852. Castillejos was reportedly

3111-609: The unit in a ceremony at the 25th RCT parade grounds at the Sand Hill area. Also in November 1946, the 25th RCT established a new two-year educational program geared towards enlisted soldiers lacking education below the 8th grade. As part of their training, the program was designed to raise to an 8th grade level those students that fell into the educational sub-par brackets of IV and V on the Army General Classification Test. Some 1,900 25th RCT students began

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3172-616: The war by the Americans . On the morning of 29 January 1945 nearly 35,000 U.S. troops landed just north-west of San Marcelino. Elements of the US 38th Division immediately dashed inland to take the airstrip, but found that Filipino soldiers of the 3rd, 32nd, 33rd, 35th and 36th Infantry Division of the Philippine Commonwealth Army and the recognized guerrillas under the command of Capt. Ramon Magsaysay , later President of

3233-740: Was a 25th Infantry Regiment, raised in 1812, that served on the Lake Champlain front and the Niagara Frontier in the War of 1812 . In 1815, during a postwar reduction in force, it was consolidated with four other regiments to form the 6th Infantry Regiment . Beginning in January 1864, the 25th United States Colored Infantry Regiment was recruited and trained at Camp William Penn near Philadelphia , Pennsylvania . This regiment mustered out of service on 6 December 1865. On 28 July 1866

3294-577: Was an organic element of the 93rd Infantry Division (Colored) and served in the Pacific Theater of Operations . The regiment departed San Francisco on 24 January 1944 and arrived on Guadalcanal in echelons between 7 February and 5 March 1944. From there the regiment was transferred to Bougainville and attached to the Americal Division to take part in offensive operations against Japanese forces on that island in April and May of

3355-480: Was first into the blockhouse at the summit, capturing the Spanish flag. An officer of the 12th Infantry ordered Butler to turn over the flag, and the 12th later claimed credit for the capture. Lieutenant Colonel A. S. Daggett, commanding the 25th, filed an official protest over the incident. On 14 July, when the Spanish surrendered the city, the 25th had advanced closer to Santiago than any other unit. In 1899

3416-505: Was invested as the first president of the university. Mapanuepe Lake Mapanuepe Lake is a freshwater lake located in the municipality of San Marcelino , Zambales in the Philippines . The lake was created after the cataclysmic eruption of Mount Pinatubo in 1991. Lahars following the eruption blocked the drainage of Mapanuepe River, south of the volcano , flooding Mapanuepe Valley together with its settlements. Only

3477-548: Was the first elected president. San Marcelino was Christianized after the arrival of Father Guillermo and after his departure, the people rightfully chose San Guillermo as their town's patron saint. The area that is now known as San Marcelino was originally owned by Sambal-speaking peoples, but over time was purchased and became entirely owned by Ilocano-speaking peoples, hence the barangay name Laoag, named after one of their origins, Laoag , Ilocos Norte . Marcelinian civilization, according to old municipal documents, started at

3538-561: Was the primary language spoken in San Marcelino, with Tagalog being a secondary language; of the Negrito who lived in Zambales all lived in the jurisdictions of San Marcelino or Botolan . In 1905, per a report produced by the War Department , the areas around San Marcelino were used to cultivate rice , and the people were Ilocano . San Marcelino is 51 kilometres (32 mi) from Iba , 27 kilometres (17 mi) from Olongapo , and 153 kilometres (95 mi) from Manila . San Marcelino

3599-579: Was to be conducted at Lawson Field, Fort Moore . The Second Battalion was attached to the 325th Airborne Infantry Regiment and acting as demonstration troops for the Infantry School at Fort Moore and working problems for students. The 25th would celebrate its 78th anniversary the week of 4 May 1947, during "Organization Day" at Fort Moore. It had been organized on 20 April 1869, by an Act of Congress. The 25th Infantry Regiment had fought in four wars in its 78-year history. The regiment had participated in

3660-536: Was transferred in March 1928 to Fort Huachuca, Arizona. The regiment deployed on 12 March 1929 to Naco, Arizona , to conduct border patrols as a result of the Escobar–Topete Revolution , and remained on border patrols until 10 May 1929. The 1st Battalion was transferred from Camp Harry J. Jones to Fort Huachuca and was inactivated there on 6 January 1933. Concurrently, the 2nd Battalion was transferred from Camp Stephen D. Little to Fort Huachuca. In April 1933,

3721-683: Was transferred to the northern Great Plains , operating mostly in Dakota Territory , Montana and Minnesota . In Minnesota the 25th garrisoned at Fort Snelling . Elements of the 25th took part in the last major Indian campaign, the Pine Ridge Campaign of 1890–91. Several companies of the 25th were deployed to break the Northern Pacific Railroad strike of 1894. Following a promotion in 1895, General Nelson A. Miles expanded on an initiative involving

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