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75-681: Prior to the establishment of the San Diego Police Department, law enforcement services were provided by the San Diego City Marshal beginning in 1850. The first City Marshal, Agoston Haraszthy , appointed Richard Freeman a marshal, making Freeman the first African American lawman in California. In 1852, due to lack of willing individuals to take up the position, the City Marshal disbanded. In 1885

150-475: A U.S. Department of Justice review recommended that the SDPD overhaul its supervision practices following misconduct in which officers took advantage of women sexually. In January 2020, Detective Michael Lambert lied to a judge to get a search warrant in a homicide case. The investigation led to the suicide of the suspect and in 2021, a six-million dollar ruling against the department. Lambert later retired. Since

225-551: A board of trustees , and provide relief for the indigent in San Diego. He also led an unsuccessful movement to divide California into two states. While attending the legislature, Haraszthy began to buy real estate near Mission San Francisco de Asís (Mission Dolores) in San Francisco. His first purchase there was made on March 25, 1852. He tried to raise grapes in San Francisco but found the climate too foggy. He acquired

300-716: A Hungarian nobleman, Haraszthy was entitled to be addressed as Spectabilis Dominus (in Latin) or Tekintetes Úr (in Hungarian). These titles were the equivalent of Honorable Sir or Noble Lord in English. When he lived in Wisconsin in the 1840s, the local settlers, mostly German-speaking immigrants, called him "Count" Haraszthy, although he was never addressed by that title in Hungary, California, or Nicaragua. In California, he

375-472: A car and fleeing the scene in Costa Mesa , committed suicide by shooting himself in the head. In July 2012, Officer Daniel Dana pleaded no contest to committing a lewd act in public, a misdemeanor charge, in exchange with having the felony charge of sexually assaulting a prostitute dropped. It stemmed from a May 2011 event in which Dana coerced a prostitute to have sex with him in his patrol car. Dana left

450-408: A different approach in scrutinizing wrongdoings and publicizing them to the public from what interventionist approach does. In addition this is the reason why characteristics including neutrality, fairness, objectivity, and impartiality are important. But it does not mean that watchdog journalists do not take a skeptical and critical action. The detached watchdog journalism is predominant especially in

525-483: A domestic disturbance call, waking resident Ian Anderson and his six-year-old pit bull service dog, Burberry. Anderson opened the door and informed the officers that they had the wrong address. Video surveillance showed Burberry running up to one of the officers who "put his hand out in an attempt to calm the dog," Burberry then ran towards a second officer who can be seen, in a neighborhood surveillance video, to be retreating. The officer then drew his gun and shot and killed

600-522: A ferry that crossed the river, connecting Roxbury with Sauk City. Although he obtained the approval of the Wisconsin Legislature to build a bridge across the river, it was not built, for before he could get the project under way he left Wisconsin for California. Like many others, Haraszthy was excited by news of the discovery of gold in California in 1848, and by the end of that year he completed plans to leave Wisconsin. Early in 1849, he

675-424: A few factors that are likely to have an influence over the type of watchdog performance in the journalism. Detached watchdog journalism, one of the four identified journalism cultures, puts emphasis on neutrality, fairness, objectivity, and impartiality. This is the most familiar and pervasive type of a few forms of watchdog journalism. Detached watchdog refers to observing issues in a detached manner. So it pursues

750-666: A group of Hungarian metallurgists . He formed a partnership under the name of Haraszthy and Uznay and built a large private refinery facility, called the Eureka Gold and Silver Refinery. When a branch of the United States Mint opened in San Francisco in April 1854, Haraszthy became the first U.S. assayer . In August 1855, he became melter and refiner at the Mint. A grand jury investigation of alleged defalcations of gold from

825-495: A large sugar plantation near the seaside port of Corinto, Nicaragua , where he planned to produce rum and sell it in American markets. On July 6, 1869, he disappeared in a river on his Nicaraguan property. Whether he fell into the river and was thereafter washed out to sea, or was dragged under the water by alligators which infested the area, was never finally established. His body was never found. The claim that Haraszthy brought

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900-541: A large tract of land near Crystal Springs on the San Francisco Peninsula (now part of San Mateo County ) and planted it to vineyards, but eventually gave up the effort to make wine there, again finding the climate too foggy to ripen the grapes. In both San Francisco and Crystal Springs, Haraszthy continued to import a wide variety of European grape vines and experimented with their planting and cultivation. In San Francisco, Haraszthy became friendly with

975-458: A local newspaper that plays a role as a watchdog journalism is related to putting a financial problem directly on members in a community. Based on the research conducted by the University of Illinois at Chicago and the University of Notre Dame , it is found that increasing in borrowing costs after a local newspaper is closed has a close connection with municipal government. It indicates that

1050-811: A maternal cousin named Károly Fischer, Haraszthy left Hungary for the United States in March 1840. Moving through Austria , Germany, and England, Haraszthy and his cousin crossed the Atlantic to New York, then proceeded by way of the Hudson River , the Erie Canal , and the Great Lakes to Wisconsin , eventually settling there. In Haraszthy's own words, he came to America "for one reason only–namely, to see this blessed country for myself." Haraszthy

1125-504: A partnership with Juan Bandini, a prominent Spanish-Californian, and launched a host of business and agricultural projects. He planted fruit orchards, operated a livery stable and stagecoach line, opened a butcher shop, and organized a syndicate to subdivide a large section of the San Diego Bay shore into streets, parks, and building lots. The land lay between Old Town and New San Diego and was called Middle San Diego, or Middletown. It

1200-499: A partnership with an Englishman named Robert Bryant and threw himself into a myriad of ambitious projects. Besides the town that he laid out, he built mills, raised corn and other grains, and kept sheep, pigs, and horses. He kept a store and opened a brickyard. Many of the oldest houses still standing in Sauk City were built with bricks from Haraszthy’s brickyard. He owned and operated a steamboat that carried passengers and freight on

1275-412: A passive role in terms of investigating people in power. In this regard, one of the characteristics that distinguishes between detached and the other type of approaches named interventionist watchdog journalism is the type of event that journalists handle. The type of event that prompts the journalists to act as a watchdog to scrutinizing people in power by questioning and criticizing is different based on

1350-636: A private contractor, he built a jail for the city of San Diego, which was completed in 1851. Haraszthy was elected to the California State Assembly from San Diego in September 1851. He served from January 5 to May 4, 1852, advancing proposals to relieve flooding on the San Diego River, build a state hospital in San Diego, ease tax burdens on Southern California landowners, replace the debt-ridden San Diego city council with

1425-474: A small vineyard northeast of the town and renamed it Buena Vista . He moved his vines there from Crystal Springs and began to expand the vineyards and hire Charles Krug as his winemaker. In 1857, he began to bore tunnels into the sides of a nearby mountain and build stone cellars at their entrance. He eventually had two large stone winery buildings, equipped with tunnels and the latest wine-making equipment in California. Haraszthy’s cellars at Buena Vista were

1500-452: A struggle, Officer Carlos Garcia shot DuBose five times, including four in the back, and he died immediately. An investigation concluded that the uniforms worn did not allow the policemen to be easily identified as law enforcement and that the team did not allow enough time for the family to open the door. The investigation recommended no action be taken against any of the officers. They all returned to duty. In February 2011, Sergeant Ken Davis

1575-454: A town. First called Széptáj (Hungarian for "beautiful place"), later Haraszthy (or Haraszthyville or Haraszthopolis), the town was renamed Westfield and finally Sauk City after Haraszthy left for California in 1849. In 1842, Haraszthy returned to Hungary to bring his parents, wife and children to Wisconsin as permanent residents of the United States. The Haraszthys became United States citizens and never returned to Hungary. Haraszthy formed

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1650-529: A trip to Europe to investigate the best European vine-planting and winemaking practices and to gather cuttings of European vines. He traveled through France, Germany, Switzerland, Spain and also his native Hungary before returning to California in December 1861 with more than 100,000 cuttings of more than 350 different varieties of vines. He offered to sell the vines to the state, propagate them in his Sonoma nursery, test them to determine which were best suited to

1725-406: Is often viewed as a dangerous and powerful tool. Since many local news media establishments and newspapers have faced closing or consolidation in recent years, watchdog journalism is in danger of extinction. In the United States, more than 1,400 cities in the last 15 years ago have seen independent local newspapers close, particularly cities where journalism that reported issues caused by corruption

1800-499: The San Ysidro McDonald's massacre ; it was also a decade where the department had the highest mortality rate for officers of any major American city. On March 12, 1987, a team from the SDPD raided the home of Tommie DuBose, a civil servant working for the U.S. Navy. They were attempting to serve a warrant on his son, Charles. They apparently knocked on the door, then broke it down before anyone inside could open it. After

1875-529: The United States and only the second to write a book about the country in his native language. He is remembered in Wisconsin as the founder of the oldest incorporated village in the state. In San Diego , he is remembered as the first town marshal and the first county sheriff. In California he introduced more than three hundred varieties of European grapes. Haraszthy was born in 1812, in Pest , Hungary. He

1950-528: The "Father of California Wine ", alongside Junípero Serra , as well as the "Father of California Viticulture," or the "Father of Modern Winemaking in California". One of the first men to plant vineyards in Wisconsin, he was the founder of the Buena Vista Winery in Sonoma, California , and an early writer on California wine and viticulture . He was the first Hungarian to settle permanently in

2025-832: The California State Fair and received the highest awards. On April 23, 1862, he was elected president of the California State Agricultural Society. In 1863, Haraszthy incorporated the Buena Vista Vinicultural Society, the first large corporation in California (perhaps in the United States) organized for the express purpose of engaging in agriculture. With the support of prominent investors, he greatly expanded his vineyards in Sonoma, making wine which

2100-404: The California soil and climate, and distribute them to would-be winemakers throughout California. The Legislature refused the offer, leaving Haraszthy to distribute the vines at his own expense. It was a financial setback, as Haraszthy had expended large sums of money in gathering the vines and bringing them back to California. In Sonoma, Haraszthy became friendly with Mariano Guadalupe Vallejo ,

2175-460: The Mint led in September, 1857, to a federal indictment charging Haraszthy with the embezzlement of $ 151,550 in gold. A long investigation led to the dismissal of the criminal charges. A civil trial then followed, which fully exonerated Haraszthy in February 1861. While the mint investigation was pending, Haraszthy moved to Sonoma , about fifty miles north of San Francisco. In 1856, he bought

2250-579: The Society’s debt. Shareholders forced Haraszthy out of the Vinicultural Society in 1867 and replaced him with another manager, who tore out all of his layered vines. Haraszthy left Buena Vista for another vineyard in Sonoma owned by his wife. While living there, he filed for bankruptcy. In 1868, Haraszthy left California for Nicaragua . He formed a partnership with a German-born physician and surgeon named Theodore Wassmer and began to develop

2325-515: The U.S. House of Representatives decide to commence an impeachment process against Nixon. Audio tapes that Nixon had secretly made of events in the Oval Office revealed that Nixon tried to cover up details of the crime. As a result, the impeachment against Richard Nixon was approved by the House judiciary committee. He resigned from the presidency on August 9, 1974. The case of Watergate scandal

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2400-599: The United States, after the Brotherhood Winery in Washingtonville, New York in one of Wisconsin's best-known wine producing regions. Haraszthy, a legendary hunter, built a hunting lodge opposite his home, on a bluff in Roxbury overlooking the river. He also donated 100 acres (0.40 km ) of land in the town for the founding of a church and for sale at cost to immigrants. Haraszthy established

2475-471: The White House's involvement in the scandal were researched. It was later revealed that Deep Throat, the anonymous informant, was the 1970s FBI deputy director William Mark Felt, Sr . Journalism's role as a socio-political watchdog is threatened in many societies across the world. Due to watchdog journalism's ability to establish responsibility and handle corruption, particularly for those in power, it

2550-674: The Wisconsin and Mississippi Rivers . He donated land on which the first Roman Catholic church and school in Sauk City were built. On the east side of the Wisconsin River, in what became the Town of Roxbury , Haraszthy planted grapes and dug wine cellars into hillside slopes above the river. The cellars and slopes are today home to the Lake Wisconsin AVA and the Wollersheim Winery , the second oldest winery in

2625-555: The absence of a watchdog journalism leaves the public out of a discussion and helps people in power such as government officials to refuse to meet public scrutiny. People in power are highly likely to engage in wasteful spending because there is no journalism that watches and criticizes their actions, decisions, and policies. To simply put, if there is no investigative journalism, important issues that public must know are not covered. So instead of reporting on fraud, abuse, and waste, useless and meaningless topics will be handled as if they are

2700-617: The actions of people in power and inform the public in order to hold elected officials to account. This requires maintaining a certain professional distance from people in power. Watchdog journalists are different from propagandist journalists in that they report from an independent, nongovernmental perspective. Due to watchdog journalism's unique features, it also often works as the fourth estate . The general issues, topics, or scandals that watchdog journalists cover are political corruption and any wrongdoing of people in power such as government officials or corporation executives. The role of

2775-418: The approaches. Within liberal media systems, the phenomenon that journalists are highly likely to take the detached approach of the watchdog journalism can be often seen because of liberal media systems’ a few unique features such as the factuality and objectivity. Historically, a lot of examples have proven that watchdog journalism has the power to dislodge corrupt people in power from their positions. One of

2850-533: The bookkeep who worked at the Richard Nixon's re-election committee, to uncover evidence of conspiracy: Richard Nixon and his committee mishandling funds and destroying records. However, the most valuable and reliable source was an anonymous whistleblower nicknamed Deep Throat by Woodward and Bernstein. Every meeting between Washington Post investigative journalists and Deep Throat was held secretly. Through these meetings, Richard Nixon's, his committee's and

2925-500: The department's establishment, 37 officers have died in the line of duty. Agoston Haraszthy Agoston Haraszthy ( / ˈ ɑː ɡ ə s t ən ˈ h ær ə s t i / ; Hungarian : Haraszthy Ágoston , Spanish : Agustín Haraszthy ; August 30, 1812 – July 6, 1869) was a Hungarian American nobleman, adventurer, traveler, writer, town-builder, and pioneer winemaker in Wisconsin and California , often referred to as

3000-443: The dog. On March 17, 2015, a U-T San Diego watchdog reported: "A San Diego Police Department dispatcher and anonymous Misplaced Pages users have edited or deleted paragraphs from the misconduct section of the police department's Misplaced Pages page five times since January 2014. ... The edits, which eliminated references to negative information, came as the police force faced several scandals over officer misconduct." Also on March 17, 2015,

3075-545: The early development of the wine industry in California. The award was accepted in Haraszthy's behalf by his great-great grandson, Vallejo Haraszthy. Watchdog journalism Watchdog journalism is a form of investigative journalism where journalists, authors or publishers of a news publication fact-check and interview political and public figures to increase accountability in democratic governance systems. Watchdog journalists gather information about

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3150-663: The exposure of a burglary of the Democratic National Committee headquarters in the Watergate Office Building , Washington D.C. committed by 5 former FBI and CIA agents, who were paid to plant a bug to help Nixon's re-election campaign. After the 5 were arrested, investigative journalists Bernstein and Woodward gradually exposed more details of the plot in a series of stories in The Washington Post . Eventually in 1973

3225-478: The first Zinfandel vines to California is a subject of controversy. In the 1870s and 1880s, Haraszthy's son Arpad Haraszthy stated that his father brought the first Zinfandels to California in the early 1850s, possibly as early as 1852. Arpad was then a well-known sparkling wine producer in San Francisco and President of the California State Board of Viticultural Commissioners, and his statement

3300-413: The first stone wineries in the state. He added acreage to his original purchase, eventually holding more than 5,000 acres (20 km ) of valley and hillside. He was a proponent of hillside plantings, arguing that vines should be permitted to grow without irrigation . He divided some of his acreage into smaller plots, inducing prominent Californians to come to Sonoma, where he planted vineyards for them. He

3375-504: The former comandante general of Mexican California, founder of Sonoma, and a neighboring landowner and well-respected winemaker. On June 1, 1863, the Haraszthy and Vallejo families were united in a double wedding, with two of the Haraszthy sons marrying two of the Vallejo daughters. In that wedding, Natalia Vallejo became Mrs. Attila Haraszthy, and Jovita Vallejo became Mrs. Arpad Haraszthy. One of Agoston Haraszthy's great-grandchildren

3450-861: The former headquarters was placed onto the National Register of Historic Places . During World War II , one third of the department was drafted into the United States Military . In 1973, the first uniformed female officer joined the department. During the 1980s, the police department was at the center of a case that came before the Supreme Court of the United States and Ninth Circuit , Kolender v. Lawson , 461 U.S. 352 (1983), which held unconstitutional laws that allow police to demand that "loiterers" and "wanderers" provide identification; this continues to affect other departments nationwide. The decade also saw officers responding to

3525-678: The help of Lázár Mészáros , former Hungarian Minister of War and an avid horticulturalist who was then operating a nursery in New Jersey. This evidence would tend to corroborate Arpad Haraszthy's recollections. Sullivan does not discuss it in his book, thus leaving the issue in controversy. In March 2007, Haraszthy was inducted into the Vintners Hall of Fame by the Culinary Institute of America . Seventy wine journalists cast ballots, honoring Haraszthy for his contributions to

3600-531: The history of the American West" and "an important force in the history of California winegrowing", he argues that there is no credible evidence that Haraszthy brought the Zinfandel to California and that Arpad Haraszthy's claim about it was a "myth". In his biography of Haraszthy, however, historian Brian McGinty presents evidence that Haraszthy may well have obtained Zinfandel vines as early as 1852 with

3675-588: The local newspaper died. In 2010 the Los Angeles Times found that the city was near bankruptcy in spite of having atypically high property tax rates. Part-time city council members collected almost $ 100,000 a year. The Chief of Police's salary was over $ 450,000, roughly double that of the Los Angeles Chief of Police, whose department included almost 10,000 officers vs. 48 for Bell. The city manager made almost $ 800,000, almost double that of

3750-608: The main material that The Washington Post relied on. However, Washington Post investigative journalists Bob Woodward and Carl Bernstein were significant contributors who uncovered information and evidence that proved the agents' break-in to plant a bug and attempts to conceal it, which then resulted in the intervention of the Justice Department , FBI , CIA , and the White House . Woodward and Bernstein also conducted interviews with witness Judy Hoback Miller ,

3825-481: The most famous examples is how coverage of the Watergate scandal, done by watchdog journalists Bob Woodward and Carl Bernstein , led to the resignation of the U.S. President Richard Nixon on August 9, 1974. The Watergate scandal was one of the biggest political scandals in the United States. It involved Richard Nixon , the 37th president of the United States and led him to resign. This scandal stemmed from

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3900-590: The office of City Marshal was reestablished, and in 1889, with a new city charter, the police department was established. All but one police officer at the time of the establishment were White , except for one Hispanic sergeant. The sixth police chief, Edward “Ned” Bushyhead , also co-founded the San Diego Union , a predecessor to the current San Diego Union-Tribune . In 1939, the department moved into their headquarters on Harbor Drive, which they used until moving to their current building in 1986; in 1998

3975-566: The only problem that a community faces. For instance, a corruption scandal which is related to various public infrastructures such as hospital that require more resources with a high quality to provide better service to public will be less likely to be told. An extreme example is provided by the City of Bell scandal : Bell, California is a modest income community of roughly 37,000 in Los Angeles County . In 1999 or shortly thereafter

4050-407: The planting of grapes throughout the state. In later years, Haraszthy’s “Report” was recognized as the first treatise on winemaking written and published in California, and praised as the “first American explication of traditional European winemaking practices.” Haraszthy contributed articles to newspapers and made speeches to gatherings of agriculturalists. He entered his wines in the competition of

4125-415: The police force following the charge. In November 2014, two married SDPD officers, Bryce and Jennifer Charpentier, were arrested for burglarizing homes in the San Diego area. They were trying to steal prescription painkillers to feed their drug addiction. They were both subsequently terminated from SDPD, and sentenced to three years in prison. On March 15, 2015, at 5:00 a.m., SDPD officers responded to

4200-402: The press to be a "watchdog" and monitor a government's actions has been one of the fundamental components of a democratic society . Ettema and Glasser (1998) argue that watchdog journalism's most important role is that their "stories implicitly demand the response of public officials". Playing a role as a Fourth Estate, watchdog journalism is able to force governments to meet their obligations to

4275-427: The public by publicizing issues such as scandals, corruption, and failure to address needs of the public. Mellado (2015) identified and developed three dimensions of operationalization of the watchdog role: the intensity of scrutiny, journalistic voice, and the source of news event. Depending on the differences in a social and organizational level, a performance of the journalistic role also changes. In turn, there are

4350-418: The western countries such as Germany , the United States , Austria , and Switzerland . In the detached approach, the most predominant form of watchdog journalism, criticism and question which are done by sources are the least intense levels of scrutiny. Since the detached watchdog journalism generally consists of third parties (or sources) that question, criticize, and denounce wrongdoings, it tends to play

4425-493: Was a famous example showing the role of watchdog journalism, how it works, and its impact. The media, particularly The Washington Post , significantly contributed to highlighting the fact that a connection did exist between the breaking into of the Watergate Office and Richard Nixon's re-election committee, leading to an explosion of publicity and public attention. In order to cover the scandal, anonymous sources became

4500-514: Was a vocal advocate of Chinese immigration, arguing that Chinese should be permitted to come to California and provide much-needed labor. He built a villa in the middle of the Buena Vista vineyards, in which he lived with his family. In 1858, Haraszthy wrote a 19-page “Report on Grapes and Wine of California,” which was published by the California State Agricultural Society. With practical advice for planting vines and making wines, it encouraged

4575-600: Was a writer in his native Hungarian, in German (which he spoke from birth ), and later in English. When he returned to Hungary in 1842, he made arrangements to write a Hungarian-language book about the United States. He traveled widely through the United States to gather material for the book, which praised American life and enterprise. The two-volume book was published at Pest in 1844 under the title of Utazás Éjszakamerikában ( Travels in North America ). A second edition

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4650-454: Was actress Natalie Kingston . Haraszthy's management of the Buena Vista Vinicultural Society was both visionary and reckless. He borrowed large sums of money to expand the vineyards and cellars. He employed layering as a planting technique. This resulted in quicker propagation of vines but also exposed the plants to soil diseases. By the middle of the 1860s, the vines at Buena Vista were growing brown and weak. Haraszthy’s critics believed this

4725-573: Was addressed as "Colonel" Haraszthy, an honorary designation commonly given to distinguished "gentlemen" and vaguely derived from his military service in Hungary. Both Ágoston and Károly Haraszthy owned estates in a part of southern Hungary called the Bácska , now a part of Serbia. Ágoston's father-in-law was Ferenc Dedinszky, the superintendent of a large estate at Futak on the Danube River where, among other things, vines were cultivated and wine

4800-551: Was arrested on 18 charges related to traffic stops he conducted between 2009 and 2011. He was accused of sexual assault in one instance and for asking women for their underwear in exchange for not being cited. In November, a jury found him guilty of several charges, including felony charges of sexual battery by restraint and assault and battery by an officer. Lawsuits against the city resulted in agreements to pay more than $ 2 million relating to Arevalos' crimes. In 2011, Motorcycle Officer Christopher Hall, suspected of DUI after hitting

4875-425: Was charged with one count of felony stalking and three counts of repeated harassment by phone or electronic contact relating to his conduct towards another police officer. Davis pleaded not guilty and was put on paid administrative duty while on trial. He later pleaded guilty in exchange for a sentence of three years of probation and ten days of community service. On March 11, 2011, San Diego policeman Anthony Arevalos

4950-460: Was due to his layering. In fact, it was the result of the first infestation of the phylloxera ever known in California. Almost unknown before it made its appearance in Sonoma, the phylloxera spread in subsequent years throughout the California vineyards and even crossed the Atlantic to France, where it caused devastation. With production lagging, profits from Buena Vista wine were inadequate to pay

5025-512: Was elected captain of a train of wagons destined for California via the Santa Fe Trail . Although most California-bound travelers were lured westward by dreams of gold, Haraszthy said that he was going to California "to settle, not for the gold", and that he intended to plant a vineyard near San Diego . Traveling with his entire family, he left Wisconsin in March 1849 and arrived in San Diego the following December. In San Diego, he formed

5100-520: Was formally known as Mokcsai Haraszthy Ágoston. (In Hungary, family names are written first and given names last. See Hungarian names .) The name has sometimes been written as Agoston Haraszthy de Mokcsa. This is the Latin form of the name, which was used in official government business and in Catholic Church records in Hungary. In the United States, Haraszthy was known as Agoston Haraszthy. As

5175-445: Was informally known in San Diego as “Haraszthyville”. While in San Diego, Haraszthy imported grape vines by mail. Some came from the eastern United States, others from Europe. He planted a vineyard on a tract of land near the San Diego River. On April 1, 1850, in the first election held under the new American administration of California, Haraszthy was elected sheriff of San Diego County . He also served as city marshal. In his capacity as

5250-418: Was needed. The phenomenon of disappearing watchdog journalism is observed to have negative outcomes for communities: for example, the dishonest actions of powerful societal figures like politicians are unable to be watched and criticized. Lack of transparency in these communities due to disappearing critical and independent journalism creates problems and stifles a healthy democracy. In addition, disappearing of

5325-732: Was produced. Both of the Haraszthys were engaged in the wine business in and around Futak. On January 6, 1833, Ágoston Haraszthy married Eleonóra Dedinszky in Bács-Bodrog County, Hungary . The Dedinszkys were originally a Polish family, though they had lived in Hungary for many centuries and in 1272 were accepted into the Hungarian nobility . Ágoston and Eleonóra Haraszthy were the parents of six children: Géza, Attila, Árpád , Ida (later wife of lawyer Henry Hancock who owned Rancho La Brea ), Béla, and Otélia. Traveling with

5400-540: Was published in 1850. This was the second book about the United States to be published in Hungarian. In Wisconsin, Haraszthy and his cousin attempted to settle on some land at Lake Koshkonong . This effort was unsuccessful, however, so they went on to the Sauk Prairie , on the Wisconsin River west of Madison . There Haraszthy purchased a large tract of property on the west bank of the river and laid out

5475-585: Was sold as far away as New York. In 1864, an article in Harper's Magazine proclaimed that Buena Vista was “the largest establishment of the kind in the world. In 1861, Haraszthy was appointed by California Governor John G. Downey as a commissioner to report to the Legislature on the “ways and means best adapted to promote the improvement and growth of the grape-vine in California”. He decided to make

5550-785: Was the only child of Károly Haraszthy and his wife, Anna Mária (née Fischer). It had been previously claimed that he was born in Futak , Hungary, but that was disproved in 1995. The Haraszthys were a Hungarian noble family who traced their roots to Ung county in northeastern Hungary, now part of Hungary , Slovakia and Ukraine . Agoston Haraszthy belonged to the Mokcsai branch of the Haraszthy family, signifying that at one time or another his ancestors owned estates at places called Mokcsa and Haraszth (today villages in Slovakia: Krišovská Liesková , Chrasť nad Hornádom ). In Hungary, he

5625-474: Was widely accepted. A century later, however, California wine historian Charles L. Sullivan began to challenge Arpad's statement. In 2003, Sullivan published a book in which he showed that other men brought the Zinfandel to the East Coast of the United States as early as the 1820s and to California at unspecified dates in the 1850s. Although Sullivan praised Agoston Haraszthy as a "truly important figure in

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