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69-494: The Oracle combined poetry, spirituality, and multicultural interests with psychedelic design, reflecting and shaping the countercultural community as it developed in the Haight-Ashbury. Arguably the outstanding example of psychedelia within the countercultural "underground" press, the publication was noted for experimental multicolored design. Oracle contributors included many significant San Francisco–area artists of

138-407: A 2,160 year astrological age). There are various methods of calculating the boundaries of an astrological age. In Sun-sign astrology , the first sign is Aries , followed by Taurus , Gemini , Cancer , Leo , Virgo , Libra , Scorpio , Sagittarius , Capricorn , Aquarius , and Pisces , whereupon the cycle returns to Aries and through the zodiacal signs again. Astrological ages proceed in

207-487: A fight with Cohen and Gabe Katz, who became the paper's new art editor starting with issue #3 while Cohen took over as editor, a role he maintained until the end. One week after the redesigned Oracle #3 appeared on the streets around November 8, 1966, editor Cohen was busted in the Thelins' Psychedelic Shop for selling a police vice squad officer a copy of Lenore Kandel 's book of verse, The Love Book. This case became

276-611: A free speech cause célèbre around the country. The Oracle quickly developed a stable core group of staffers which included, among many others, Michael Bowen, Stephen Levine , Travis Rivers (a Texan friend of Janis Joplin , he was at that time the manager of the Haight Street branch of the Print Mint), George Tsongas, who had returned to the paper, staff artists Dangerfield Ashton, Ami McGill, and Hetti McGee, poet Harry Monroe, Gene Grimm, and Steve Lieper. After issue #5,

345-438: A gram of phanerothyme To which Osmond responded: To fathom Hell or soar angelic, Just take a pinch of psychedelic It was on this term that Osmond eventually settled, because it was "clear, euphonious and uncontaminated by other associations." This mongrel spelling of the word 'psychedelic' was loathed by American ethnobotanist Richard Evans Schultes , but championed by Timothy Leary, who thought it sounded better. Due to

414-693: A new Oracle called the San Francisco Oracle of the Spiritual Revolution was launched, publishing 7 issues between November 1968 and November 1969. Published in Larkspur, CA and edited by Phillip Davenport (1943–2001), a disciple of Murshid Samuel Lewis (Sufi Sam) , it had a more spiritual focus and included material relating to Stephen Gaskin , Sufi Sam, Ram Dass , and other gurus of the San Francisco scene, as well as

483-481: A physical body), because people must develop their faculties until they can reach the ethereal world; and the incarnation of Ahriman , Zoroaster 's "destructive spirit" that will try to block the development of humanity. In a 1890 article about feminism in the French newspaper La Fronde on 26 February 1890, August Vandekerkhove stated: "About March, 21st this year the cycle of Aquarius will start. Aquarius

552-460: A sense of altered consciousness; many works also featured idiosyncratic and complex new fonts and lettering styles (most notably in the work of San Francisco-based poster artist Rick Griffin). Many artists in the late 1960s and early 1970s attempted to illustrate the psychedelic experience in paintings , drawings , illustrations , and other forms of graphic design. The counterculture music scene frequently used psychedelic designs on posters during

621-598: A smaller but equally creative psychedelic art movement emerged in London, led by expatriate Australian pop artist Martin Sharp , who created many striking psychedelic posters and illustrations for the influential underground publication Oz magazine , as well as the famous album covers for the Cream albums Disraeli Gears and Wheels of Fire . Other prominent London practitioners of the style included: design duo Hapshash and

690-494: A wealth of distinctive psychedelic promotional posters and handbills for concerts that featured emerging psychedelic bands like Big Brother and the Holding Company , The Grateful Dead and Jefferson Airplane . Many of these works are now regarded as classics of the poster genre, and original items by these artists command high prices on the collector market today. Contemporary with the burgeoning San Francisco scene,

759-465: Is a gathering that promotes psychedelic music and art in an effort to unite participants in a communal psychedelic experience . Psychedelic festivals have been described as "temporary communities reproduced via personal and collective acts of transgression... through the routine expenditure of excess energy, and through self-sacrifice in acts of abandonment involving ecstatic dancing often fueled by chemical cocktails." These festivals often emphasize

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828-475: Is only a rough calculation, as the length of time it takes for a complete precession is currently increasing. A more accurate set of figures is 25,772 years for a complete cycle and 2,147.5 years per astrological age, assuming a constant precession rate. According to various astrologers' calculations, approximate dates for entering the age of Aquarius range from 1447 CE (Terry MacKinnell) to 3597 CE (John Addey). Astrologers do not agree on when

897-516: Is the house of the woman". He adds that is in this age the woman will be "equal" to the man. Gnostic philosopher Samael Aun Weor declared 4 February 1962 to be the beginning of the "age of Aquarius", heralded by the alignment of the first six planets, the Sun, the Moon and the constellation Aquarius . Psychoanalyst Carl Jung mentions the "age of Aquarius" in his book Aion , believing that

966-459: The Acid Tests , a series of events based around the taking of LSD (supplied by Stanley), accompanied by light shows, film projection and discordant, improvised music known as the psychedelic symphony . The Pranksters helped popularize LSD use through their road trips across America in a psychedelically decorated school bus, which involved distributing the drug and meeting with major figures of

1035-521: The Print Mint on Haight Street , under new editors George Tsongas and John Bronson. The new paper, The San Francisco Oracle, started with issue number #1. This paper did not yet have the dense verbose and graphically rich psychedelic design the Oracle later became famous for, but it soon acquired those attributes. Bronson and Tsongas edited the first two issues of the new Oracle and then left after

1104-566: The Summer of Love , leading to a popularization of the style. The most productive and influential centre of psychedelic art in the late 1960s was San Francisco ; a scene driven in large measure by the patronage of the popular local music venues of the day like the Avalon Ballroom and Bill Graham 's Fillmore West , which regularly commissioned young local artists like Robert Crumb , Stanley Mouse , Rick Griffin and others. They produced

1173-477: The precession of the equinoxes . The slow wobble of the Earth's rotation axis on the celestial sphere is independent of the diurnal rotation of the Earth on its own axis and the annual revolution of the Earth around the Sun. Traditionally this 25,800 year-long cycle is calibrated, for the purposes of determining astrological ages, by the perceived location of the Sun in one of the 12 zodiac constellations at

1242-615: The " Houseboat Summit " in issue #7 which brought together Alan Watts , Allen Ginsberg, Timothy Leary , and Gary Snyder for a long, free-ranging discussion on the houseboat owned by Watts and Jean Varda . It began with Watts posing the question "Whether to drop out or take over?" Issue #5, the "Human Be-In" issue, was the launching pad for the Gathering of the Tribes held in Golden Gate Park on January 14, 1967. Issue #12, which

1311-458: The "Jesus fish") with the symbol of Pisces; following the "age of Pisces" would be the "age of Aquarius", the spiritually deficient age before the arrival of the Antichrist . The expression "age of Aquarius" in popular culture usually refers to the heyday of the hippie and New Age movements in the 1960s and 1970s. The 1967  musical Hair , with its opening song "Aquarius" and

1380-403: The "age of Aquarius" will "constellate the problem of the union of the opposites " . In accordance with prominent astrologers, Jung believed the "age of Aquarius" will be a dark and spiritually deficient time for humanity, writing that According to Jung 's interpretation of astrology, the "age of Pisces" began with the birth and death of Christ, associating the ichthys (colloquially known as

1449-406: The 1960s had a large impact on graphic design and architecture during the movement. During this time period, it was all about being taking creative risks. This movement was experimental and colorful. There was a political unrest because of Black and Indigenous groups trying to get their rights. With African Americans, it was the civil rights movement . Michael Parke-Taylor includes Native Americans in

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1518-553: The Aquarian age will start or even if it has already started. Campion (1999) lists various references from mainly astrological sources for the start of the Age of Aquarius. Based on Campion's summary, most published materials on the subject state that the Age of Aquarius arrived in the 20th century (29 claims), with the 24th century in second place with 12 claimants. Astrological ages are taken to be associated with

1587-523: The Coloured Coat , whose work included numerous famous posters, as well as psychedelic "makeovers" on a piano for Paul McCartney and a car for doomed Guinness heir Tara Browne , and design collective The Fool , who created clothes and album art for several leading UK bands including The Beatles , Cream, and The Move . The Beatles loved psychedelic designs on their albums, and designer group called The Fool created psychedelic design, art, paint at

1656-547: The DayGlo colours that soon became de rigueur were then not widely available). Another very famous example is John Lennon's psychedelic Rolls-Royce – originally black, he had it repainted in 1967 in a vivid psychedelic gypsy caravan style, prompting bandmate George Harrison to have his Mini Cooper similarly repainted with logos and devices that reflected his burgeoning interest in Indian spirituality. The Psychedelia movement in

1725-429: The beat movement, and through publications about their activities such as Tom Wolfe 's The Electric Kool-Aid Acid Test (1968). Leary was a well-known proponent of the use of psychedelics, as was Aldous Huxley . However, both advanced widely different opinions on the broad use of psychedelics by state and civil society . Leary promulgated the idea of such substances as a panacea , while Huxley suggested that only

1794-459: The beginning of the Aquarian Age around 2600 CE . Many astrologers dispute this approach because of the varying sizes and overlap between the zodiacal constellations. They prefer the long-established convention of equally-sized signs, spaced every 30 degrees along the ecliptic , which are named after what were the 12 background zodiacal constellations when tropical astrology

1863-508: The black and white designs of posters and trade that in for a more experimental design. These designs were usually hand painted and printed. The typography was the same as the poster which was playful and colorful. Juliana Duque mentions the typography was "organic patterns, kaleidoscopic textures, and waving (nearly encrypted) lettering combined with intense colors." There were a few architecture designs that came out during this period. The graphic design elements on buses were just as colorful as

1932-409: The conversation. For Indigenous or Native Americans, they "represented the perfect symbol of those marginalized and persecuted in contemporary American society." During this time, Stephen Poon states that people starting "embracing liberal sexual revolution." While they were hallucinating, it altered their sense of color. The Graphic Design during this era was playful and colorful. This was because of

2001-570: The cultural and intellectual elite should partake of entheogens systematically. In the 1960s , the use of psychedelic drugs became widespread in modern Western culture , particularly in the United States and Britain . The movement is credited to Michael Hollingshead who arrived in America from London in 1965. He was sent to the U.S. by other members of the psychedelic movement to get their ideas exposure. The Summer of Love of 1967 and

2070-457: The drug known as LSD . The Hippies took over the psychedelic designs. Jeffrey Meikle understood what the Hippies wanted to create. He knew that the "Hippie artists energized American visual culture with rock concert posters, record jackets, extravagant, and underground newspapers." Milton Glaser has a poster design of Bob Dylan . The poster is colorful and playful. Glaser wanted to get away from

2139-557: The expanded use of the term "psychedelic" in pop culture and a perceived incorrect verbal formulation, Carl A.P. Ruck , Jeremy Bigwood, Danny Staples , Jonathan Ott , and R. Gordon Wasson proposed the term " entheogen " to describe the religious or spiritual experience produced by such substances. From the second half of the 1950s, Beat Generation writers like William Burroughs , Jack Kerouac and Allen Ginsberg wrote about and took drugs, including cannabis and Benzedrine , raising awareness and helping to popularise their use. In

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2208-471: The experience of altered consciousness . Psychedelic art uses highly distorted , surreal visuals, bright colors and full spectrums and animation (including cartoons ) to evoke, convey, or enhance the psychedelic experience. Psychedelic music uses distorted electric guitar , Indian music elements such as the sitar , tabla , electronic effects , sound effects and reverb , and elaborate studio effects, such as playing tapes backwards or panning

2277-478: The first uses of the word in the music scene of this time was in the 1964 recording of " Hesitation Blues " by folk group the Holy Modal Rounders . The term was introduced to rock music and popularized by the 13th Floor Elevators 1966 album The Psychedelic Sounds of the 13th Floor Elevators . Psychedelia truly took off in 1967 with the Summer of Love and, although associated with San Francisco,

2346-571: The globe. The psychedelic research charity Breaking Convention have hosted one of the world's largest since 2011. A biennial conference in London, UK, Breaking Convention: a multidisciplinary conference on psychedelic consciousness is a multidisciplinary conference on psychedelic consciousness. In the US MAPS held their first Psychedelic Science conference, devoted specifically to research of psychedelics in scientific and medical fields, in 2013. In Australia, Entheogenesis Australis has been hosting

2415-432: The idea of starting a paper, attracting an eclectic group of interested people. The result of these meetings was a paper called P.O. Frisco which lasted for a single 12-page tabloid issue dated September 2, 1966, under the editorship of Dan Elliot and Richard Sassoon (a 31-year-old Yale-educated poet who had once been Sylvia Plath 's boyfriend), operating out of a storefront on Frederick Street in cooperation with members of

2484-652: The ideals of peace, love, unity, and respect . Notable psychedelic festivals include the biennial Boom Festival in Portugal, Ozora Festival in Hungary, Universo Paralello in Brazil as well as Nevada's Burning Man and California's Symbiosis Gathering in the United States. In recent years there has been a resurgence in interest in psychedelic research and a growing number of conferences now take place across

2553-506: The line "This is the dawning of the Age of Aquarius" , brought the Aquarian age concept to the attention of audiences worldwide. However, the song further defines this dawning of the age within the first lines: Astrologer Neil Spencer denounced the lyrics as "astrological gibberish" , noting that Jupiter aligns with Mars several times a year and the Moon is in the 7th  house for two hours every day. The Woodstock music festival

2622-414: The masses will be replaced in the Aquarian age by a world ruled by secretive, power-hungry elites seeking absolute power over others; that knowledge in the Aquarian age will only be valued for its ability to win wars; that knowledge and science will be abused, not industry and trade; and that the Aquarian age will be another dark age in which religion is considered offensive. Another view suggests that

2691-1008: The music from one side to another. A psychedelic experience is characterized by the striking perception of aspects of one's mind previously unknown, or by the creative exuberance of the mind liberated from its ostensibly ordinary fetters. Psychedelic states are an array of experiences including changes of perception such as hallucinations , synesthesia , altered states of awareness or focused consciousness, variation in thought patterns, trance or hypnotic states, mystical states, and other mind alterations. These processes can lead some people to experience changes in mental operation defining their self-identity (whether in momentary acuity or chronic development) different enough from their previous normal state that it can excite feelings of newly formed understanding such as revelation , illumination , confusion , and psychosis . Individuals who use psychedelic drugs for spiritual purposes or self-discovery are commonly referred to as psychonauts . The term

2760-450: The opposite direction. Therefore, the Age of Aquarius follows the Age of Pisces . The approximate 2,160 years for each age corresponds to the average time it takes for the vernal equinox to move from one constellation of the zodiac into the next. This average can be computed by dividing the Earth's 25,800 year gyroscopic precession period by 12, the number of zodiacal signs . This

2829-545: The paper moved into the premises formerly occupied by Michael Bowen at 1371 Haight Street near Masonic. The new offices were open 24 hours a day. Starting with issue #6 the paper switched printers from Waller Press (which later served as the printers for the San Francisco Express Times ) to Howard Quinn Printers. At the Howard Quinn shop the paper's artists were allowed to come in on Sundays when

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2898-421: The paper was being printed and experiment with the presses, and it was at this time that the revolutionary split-fountain rainbow inking effect was perfected. This involved placing makeshift wooden dams in the ink fountain and using them to feed different colored inks simultaneously into the fountain, which produced a rainbow effect which was a bit difficult to read but visually arresting. The more colorful Oracle

2967-463: The paper's name was changed to San Francisco Good Times, appearing under that title from April 1969 to August 1972. In 1967 students at San Francisco State College distributed a one-off eight-page tabloid parody of the Oracle called the Orifice, edited by Ben Fong-Torres . Psychedelia Psychedelic film Psychedelia usually refers to a style or aesthetic that is resembled in

3036-446: The posters. The use of psychedelia was used to create environments and an interactive space. Luke Dickens explores the overlooked architecture in the 1960s. He mentions The Fifth Dimension as being "highly inventive, utopian “fun palace” used advanced modular technologies... and deployed psychedelic sensibilities as a novel form of disruptive politics to induce critical dispositions towards the built environment." The theme of bright colors

3105-506: The psychedelic subculture of the 1960s and the psychedelic experience produced by certain psychoactive substances. This includes psychedelic art , psychedelic music and style of dress during that era. This was primarily generated by people who used psychedelic drugs such as LSD , mescaline (found in peyote ) and psilocybin (found in magic mushrooms ) and also non-users who were participants and aficionados of this subculture. Psychedelic art and music typically recreate or reflect

3174-468: The publication's print run was about 125,000, but its editors estimated that ample pass-around readership brought their circulation above half a million. The influential sprawling thematic pieces that ran in the Oracle include the astrologers' symposium on the Age of Aquarius in issue #6, with Ambrose Hollingworth , Gayla (Rosalind Sharpe Wall, an associate of John Starr Cooke ), and Gavin Arthur ; and

3243-459: The radical Progressive Labor Party . "P.O." stood for "Psychedelphic Oracle," a title suggested by Bruce Conner. P.O. Frisco was a compromise between the various factions involved in founding the paper which wound up satisfying no one, and the Thelin brothers threatened to terminate their financial support unless the paper was completely reinvented. A second attempt began out of new offices behind

3312-613: The resultant popularization of the hippie culture to the mainstream popularized psychedelia in the minds of popular culture , where it remained dominant through the 1970s. The impact of psychedelic drugs on western culture in the 1960s led to semantic drift in the use of the word "psychedelic", and it is now frequently used to describe anything with abstract decoration of multiple bright colours, similar to those seen in drug-induced hallucinations. In objection to this new meaning, and to what some consider pejorative meanings of other synonyms such as " hallucinogen " and " psychotomimetic ",

3381-460: The rise of scientific rationalism , combined with the fall of religious influence, the increasing focus on human rights since the 1780s, the exponential growth of technology, plus the advent of flight and space travel, are evidence of the dawning of the age of Aquarius. A "wave" theory of the shifting great ages suggests that the age of Aquarius will not arrive on a given date, but is instead emerging in influence over many years, similar to how

3450-520: The same period Lysergic acid diethylamide , better known as LSD, or "acid" (at the time a legal drug), began to be used in the US and UK as an experimental treatment, initially promoted as a potential cure for mental illness. In the early 1960s, the use of LSD and other hallucinogens was advocated by proponents of the new "consciousness expansion", such as Timothy Leary , Alan Watts , Aldous Huxley and Arthur Koestler , their writings profoundly influenced

3519-511: The short-lived Apple Boutique (1967–1968) in Baker St, London. Blues rock singer Janis Joplin had a psychedelic car, a Porsche 356. The trend also extended to motor vehicles. The earliest, and perhaps most famous of all psychedelic vehicles was the famous " Further " bus, driven by Ken Kesey and The Merry Pranksters , which was painted inside and out in 1964 with bold psychedelic designs (although these were executed in primary colours, since

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3588-577: The standard term. Advances in printing and photographic technology in the 1960s saw the traditional lithography printing techniques rapidly superseded by the offset printing system. This and other technical and industrial innovations gave young artists access to exciting new graphic techniques and media, including photographic and mixed media collage, metallic foils, and vivid new fluorescent " DayGlo " inks. This enabled them to explore innovative new illustrative styles including highly distorted visuals, cartoons, and lurid colors and full spectrums to evoke

3657-492: The style of psychedelia, a term describing a category of rock music known as psychedelic rock , as well as visual art , fashion , and culture that is associated originally with the high 1960s, hippies, and the Haight-Ashbury neighborhood of San Francisco , California . It often used new recording techniques and effects while drawing on Eastern sources such as the ragas and drones of Indian music . One of

3726-607: The style soon spread across the US , and worldwide. The electronic dance music scene is strongly linked to the consumption of psychedelic drugs, particularly MDMA . Drug usage in the EDM scene can primarily be traced to British acid house parties and the Second Summer of Love , which marked the beginnings of rave culture ; these movements, however, were distinct from and mostly unrelated to 1960s psychedelia. A psychedelic festival

3795-472: The term "entheogen" was proposed and is seeing increasing use. However, many consider the term "entheogen" best reserved for religious and spiritual usage, such as certain Native American churches do with the peyote sacrament, and "psychedelic" left to describe those who are using these drugs for recreation, psychotherapy, physical healing, or creative problem solving. In science, hallucinogen remains

3864-488: The thinking of the new generation of youth. There had long been a culture of drug use among jazz and blues musicians, and use of drugs (including cannabis, peyote , mescaline and LSD ) had begun to grow among folk and rock musicians, who also began to include drug references in their songs. By the mid-1960s, the psychedelic life-style had already developed in California, and an entire subculture developed. This

3933-427: The tide rises gradually, by small increments, rather than surging forward all at once. Rudolf Steiner believed that the age of Aquarius will arrive in 3573 CE . In Steiner's approach, each age is exactly 2,160 years. Based on this structure, the world has been in the age of Pisces since 1413. Rudolf Steiner had spoken about two great spiritual events: The return of Christ in the ethereal world (and not in

4002-433: The time, including Bruce Conner and Rick Griffin . It featured such beat writers as Allen Ginsberg , Gary Snyder , Lawrence Ferlinghetti and Michael McClure . The initial impetus for the paper came from Allen Cohen and head shop owners Ron and Jay Thelin, who offered to put up the seed money to found an underground paper. In the summer of 1966 a number of meetings were held in the Haight-Ashbury district to discuss

4071-547: The usual underground fare. A monthly psychedelic Los Angeles paper with neopagan overtones, called The Oracle of Southern California , existed for about a year; the first issue was published as The City of Los Angeles Oracle in March 1967. Some members of the SF Oracle collective were involved in starting another paper, San Francisco Express Times , which published from January 24, 1968, to March 25, 1969, at which time

4140-655: The vernal (Spring) equinox, which corresponds to the moment the Sun is perceived as crossing the celestial equator, marking the start of spring in the Northern Hemisphere each year. Roughly every 2,150 years the Sun's position at the time of the vernal equinox will have moved into a new zodiacal constellation. In 1929 the International Astronomical Union defined the edges of the 88 official constellations. The edge established between Pisces and Aquarius officially locates

4209-598: The view that, although no one knows when the Aquarian age begins, the American Revolution , the Industrial Revolution , and the discovery of electricity are all attributable to Aquarian influence. They make a number of predictions about the trends that they believe will develop in the Aquarian age. Proponents of medieval astrology suggest that the Pisces world where religion is the opiate of

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4278-499: The world's longest ongoing conferences around psychedelics and ethnobotany since 2004. Age of Aquarius The Age of Aquarius , in astrology , is either the current or forthcoming astrological age , depending on the method of calculation. Astrologers maintain that an astrological age is a product of the Earth's slow precessional rotation and lasts for 2,160 years, on average (one 25,920 year period of precession, or great year , divided by 12 zodiac signs equals

4347-437: Was an instant success and the paper had to go back to press on successive Sundays to run off more copies. The paper's circulation, which had started with a modest 3,000 copies and gradually grew to about 15,000 copies by issue #4 and 50,000 copies by #5, ran off 60–75,000 copies of #6 and even more of #7. Starting with #6 every issue went back to press for at least a second printing, sometimes with changes in content. At its peak,

4416-438: Was codified c.   100 CE . Astrologers believe that an astrological age affects humanity, possibly by influencing the rise and fall of civilizations or cultural tendencies. Traditionally, Aquarius is associated with Among other dates, one view is that the age of Aquarius arrived around 1844, with the harbinger of Siyyid ʿAlí Muḥammad (1819–1850), who founded Bábism . Moore & Douglas (1971) promoted

4485-453: Was evident in this fiber glass domed-shaped building. This building was meant to trigger psychedelic responses. [1] similar to The Fifth Dimension, there was a geodesic dome and a dymaxion car made by Buckminster Fuller. The geodesic dome was complex. Meikle explained that Fuller followed the psychedelia era by wanting to speak "to a counterculture claiming to reject American Materialism." The fashion for psychedelic drugs gave its name to

4554-472: Was first coined as a noun in 1956 by psychiatrist Humphry Osmond as an alternative descriptor for hallucinogenic drugs in the context of psychedelic psychotherapy . It is irregularly derived from the Greek words ψυχή psychḗ 'soul, mind' and δηλείν dēleín 'to manifest', with the meaning "mind manifesting," the implication being that psychedelics can develop unused potentials of the human mind. The term

4623-529: Was loathed by American ethnobotanist Richard Schultes but championed by American psychologist Timothy Leary . Seeking a name for the experience induced by LSD , Osmond contacted Aldous Huxley , a personal acquaintance and advocate for the therapeutic use of the substance. Huxley coined the term "phanerothyme," from the Greek terms for "manifest" (φανερός) and "spirit" (θύμος). In a letter to Osmond, he wrote: To make this mundane world sublime, Take half

4692-519: Was particularly true in San Francisco, due in part to the first major underground LSD factory, established there by Owsley Stanley . There was also an emerging music scene of folk clubs, coffee houses and independent radio stations catering to a population of students at nearby Berkeley , and to free thinkers that had gravitated to the city. From 1964, the Merry Pranksters , a loose group that developed around novelist Ken Kesey , sponsored

4761-588: Was to be the last, featured an uncut transcript of a symposium at Masonic Auditorium entitled "2000 A.D." with Alan Watts, Herman Kahn and Carl Rogers . After the paper folded, Oracle staff who had left the city and relocated in Middletown, California , put out a single one-shot issue of a 24-page psychedelic tabloid paper called the Harbinger in [July] 1968, with contributions by Alan Watts, Timothy Leary, Michael Hollingshead , and others. In November,

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