Misplaced Pages

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27-494: Along with wetland and waters protection, other ecological values, such as grassland, forest, and wildlife enhancement, have also been presented as goals. To advance the goals of the SNNR uncontrolled or poorly managed mining, logging, hunting, and grazing have been curtailed. Foreign and other mining firms have replaced the uncontrolled miners, trees have been planted, and measures have been taken to protect endangered species. To protect

54-538: A Chinese expedition climbed the mountain, but it was demonstrated in 1980 that this expedition climbed Amne Machin II (Roche's Chenrezig , 6,268 m), 7 km SSE from the highest summit. In 1981, Amne Machin I ( Dradullunshog ) was reached near-simultaneously by three groups, each of which had been led to believe they were the first and only ones to obtain a permit from the Chinese government. A Japanese expedition approached

81-636: A core zone; a buffer zone; and a multiple-use experimental zone. Residents from degraded areas are being resettled. The core zone was supposed to be strictly managed with no grazing and measures to protect endangered species. All development and use were prohibited. It was a ‘no man's zone’, with all its residents resettled elsewhere. The buffer zone promoted conservation but allowed limited and rotational grazing . The multiple-use experimental zones were also used for scientific investigations, eco-tourism, and other green industries. The Sanjiangyuan National Park, as of 2019, consists of an area of 123,100 km, which

108-402: Is only slightly smaller than England. It encompasses most of the southern half of Qinghai Province. The predecessors to the zones on the SNNR map may be grazing zones which were part of the tuimu huancao , ‘converting pastures to grasslands’ program, which got its start in 2000. In this program there were three types of zones to address the problem of degraded pastures: zones in which grazing

135-511: Is ranked number 23 in height among the mountain peaks of China. A part of the range around its highest peak has been declared a section of the Sanjiangyuan ("Sources of Three Rivers") National Nature Reserve . The mountain was known to the ancient Chinese as Mount Jishi ( 積石山 , 积石山 , Jīshíshān ). The Northern Wei -era commentary on the Han -era River Classic stated that the mountain

162-493: Is referred to on the SNNR map as the ‘core zone’, the third to the ‘buffer zone’, and the fourth to the ‘experimental zone’. In the third (i.e. buffer) zone there was to be a reduction in grazing or a ban on grazing for five or ten years, and in the fourth (i.e. experimental) zone there was to be rotational grazing to capacity. Since the government also has a poverty reduction and a major project (e.g. dams) resettlement program, and plans to resettle all nomads by 2011, residents from

189-590: Is the highest peak of a mountain range of the same name in the southeast of Qinghai province , China. It is revered in Tibetan Buddhism as the home of the chief indigenous deity of Amdo , Machen Pomra. The entire Amne Machin range is an eastern extension of the Kunlun Mountains , a major mountain system of Asia. The Amne Machin range runs in the general northwest-to-southeast direction in eastern Qinghai ( Golog Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture and

216-517: The Dalai Lama is believed to be an incarnation; the central lower peak , a smaller pyramid, Am-nye Ma-Chhen; and the northern, which is the highest, a huge, round, broad dome called dGra-hdul-rlung-shog (Dra-dul-lung-shog) Victor of enemies wind wing ... The dome in the north is the highest part, but it is not so imposing as the large pyramid at the southern end. By 1980 Anyi Machen had been resurveyed at 6,282 metres (20,610 ft). In 1960,

243-554: The 120-mile circumambulation of the mountain each year. The first European to describe the mountain was the British explorer Brigadier-General George Pereira on his expedition on foot from Peking to Lhasa of 1921–2, sometimes reckoned one of the great geographical discoveries of the twentieth century. Pereira, who saw Amne Machin from about 70 miles away, thought its "height must be at least 25,000 feet [7,600 m], and might be anything; it dwarfed all other mountains near it." However,

270-454: The 3 functional subareas of the SNNR, those with protection stations, have definite boundaries. The other 15 subareas are more a plan for their final delineation. The three functional subareas are A'nimaqin , Suojia-Qumahe (2 stations, one in each Qumahe and Suojia), and Tongtian He . The SNNR is entirely in Qinghai. The following table lists the 71 townships which are wholly or partially in

297-775: The Ministry of Forestry, and the farming section was transferred to the Ministry of Agriculture. On March 10, 1998, it was renamed the National Forestry Administration. On 10 April 2018, following a wider national institution reform, the name was changed to the National Forestry and Grassland Administration. This article about a forestry agency is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Amne Machin Amne Machin , Anyi Machen , or Anyê Maqên ("Grandfather Pomra")

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324-672: The People%27s Republic of China The National Forestry and Grassland Administration , concurrently known as the National Park Administration , is China's national bureau responsible for the supervision and management of forests, grasslands, wetlands, deserts, and terrestrial wildlife. It is managed by the Ministry of Natural Resources . The agency was originally founded in 1949 as the Ministry of Forestry and Farming. On November 5, 1951, it changed to

351-2259: The SNNR. This table lists the names of the 18 conservation subareas and the counties they wholly or partially occupy. Tibetan snowcock , Tibetan partridge , mute swan , greylag goose , bar-headed goose , ruddy shelduck , mallard , Eastern spot-billed duck , common teal , common pochard , common merganser , hoopoe , Pacific swift , little owl , hill pigeon , red collared dove , black-necked crane , Tibetan sandgrouse , Chinese monal, common redshank , green sandpiper , common sandpiper , ibisbill , little ringed plover , lesser sand plover , Pallas's gull , brown-headed gull , common tern , black kite , bearded vulture , Himalayan vulture , cinereous vulture , common buzzard , upland buzzard , steppe eagle , golden eagle , greater spotted eagle, eastern imperial eagle, Pallas fish eagle, common kestrel , merlin , saker falcon , peregrine falcon , great crested grebe , little egret , grey heron , black stork , ground tit , red-billed chough , common raven , Sichuan jay, white-throated dipper , black redstart , Hodgson's redstart, Daurian redstart, white-winged redstart, white-capped water redstart, common starling, wallcreeper, sand martin, Asian house martin, white-browed tit warbler, Tibetan lark, Oriental skylark, horned lark, house sparrow, Eurasian tree sparrow , white-winged snowfinch , Tibetan snowfinch, white-rumped snowfinch, rufous-necked snowfinch, plain-backed snowfinch, white wagtail, citrine wagtail, Richard's pipit, alpine accentor, robin accentor, brown accentor , twite, Brandt's mountain finch , common rosefinch, streaked rosefinch, great rosefinch, red-fronted rosefinch. Himalayan wolf , red fox , Tibetan sand fox , Tibetan blue bear , European otter , Siberian weasel , Steppe polecat , European badger , Pallas cat , Amur leopard , Eurasian lynx , Snow leopard , Kiang , Alpine musk deer , wild yak , Chiru , Tibetan gazelle , Thorold's deer , blue sheep , argali , Himalayan marmot , Tibetan dwarf hamster , Plateau pika , large-eared pika , Glover's pika , woolly hare . 34°00′33″N 96°12′24″E  /  34.00917°N 96.20667°E  / 34.00917; 96.20667 State Forestry Administration of

378-527: The Sanjiangyuan Area. It was larger than England and Wales combined. About 200,000 people traditionally live within the area that was covered by the SNNR. Resettlement efforts were made to resettle all nomads in Qinghai by 2011, but it is unclear as to the outcome of those efforts. The State Forestry Administration and the Qinghai government legally established the SNNR in May 2000. Its Management Bureau

405-483: The actual standard of living in a largely non-cash economy. The Sanjiangyuan Area in general has no special legal status, and the term is used to indicate the region in which the three rivers arise, and the Sanjiangyuan National Park exists. The Sanjiangyuan National Nature Reserve (SNNR) was a subarea of the Sanjiangyuan Area which covered an area of about 152,300 km, 21% of Qinghai, 42% of

432-670: The adjacent areas of the Hainan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture ) and the southwestern corner of Gansu 's Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture . The existence of the ridge results in one of the great bends of the Yellow River . The river first flows for several hundreds of kilometers toward the east and southeast, along the south-western side of the Amne Machin Range. In so doing it crosses the entire length of Golog Prefecture, and reaches

459-589: The borders of Gansu and Sichuan. Then the river turns almost 180 degrees to the left, passing to the northeastern side of the Amne Machin, and flows toward the northwest for 200–300 km through several prefectures of the northeastern Qinghai. The Amne Machin Peak (the highest point of the range) is located in Maqên County of Golog Prefecture. Its elevation is estimated to 6,282 metres (20,610 ft). It

486-502: The buffer and the experimental zones may be resettled under these programs rather than the ecological resettlement program. The absolute and relative sizes, and the populations before resettlement, of the zones are: The boundaries and characters of the zones are likely open to negotiation. For example, the Canadian mining company Inter-Citic's Dachang gold prospect is in either a buffer or experimental zone (or both). In addition, only

513-474: The four Tibetan Autonomous Prefectures Yushu, Guoluo, Hainan, and Huangnan, and Haixi Mongol and Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture. The Sanjiangyuan Area's population is about 600,000, 90% of which are Tibetan. 70% of the Sanjiangyuan Area's population are considered to be ‘impoverished’, with the average income of about 2000 RMB (roughly $ 300) per person/year. Since animal husbandry is the primary source of income, and many people are nomadic, this figure does not reflect

540-549: The grasslands, pastoralists are not permitted to graze their animals in designated ‘core zones’ (see below), and grazing is supervised elsewhere in the SNNR. In addition, residents have been resettled from core zones and other grassland areas of the SNNR, and rangeland has been fenced and is in the process of being privatized throughout the Sanjiangyuan Area. The Sanjiangyuan Area covers the southern and eastern parts of Qinghai and has an area of about 363,000 km, 50.4% of Qinghai. Included in it wholly or partially are 18 counties of

567-566: The massif remained unclimbed until 1960. The Amne Machin mountains had been overflown by a few American pilots who overestimated the elevation to 30,000 feet (9,100 m). A 1930 article of the National Geographic estimated the peak elevation to 28,000 feet [8,500 m] according to the report of Joseph Rock , an American botanist and explorer who, despite death threats from the Golog Tibetans, had ventured to within 80 km of

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594-487: The mountain. For a while, the mountains were considered as a possible place for a peak higher than Mount Everest . While Rock only downgraded his estimate publicly in 1956 to "not much more than 21,000 feet", he did give a detailed description of the peaks: [T]he Am-nye Ma-Chhen Range has three prominent peaks; the southern pyramid (second highest) is called Spyan-ras-gzigs (Chenrezig), the Avalokitesvara , of which

621-589: The summit as well. They had followed the Japanese route and the 3000 feet of fixed rope they encountered en route convinced them that the Japanese had been the first to summit. The mountain remained busy that summer, as Kim Schmitz returned to the summit with two Canadian clients on June 12, another Japanese party summited in August, and in September an Australian team climbed the impressive NE face and descended over

648-704: The summit from the south and put Giichiro Watanabe, Yoshio Yamamoto and Katsumi Miyake on top on May 22, 1981, and five other expedition members 3 days later. Within three weeks, the American climbers Galen Rowell , Harold Knutsen and Kim Schmitz made an Alpine-style ascent over the East ridge of the NE summit to reach the main summit on June 9. They did not see any evidence of an earlier ascent. The very next day Siegfried Hupfauer, Hans Gaschbauer, Franz Lämmerhofer, Gerhard Schmatz and Peter Vogler of an Austro-German expedition reached

675-917: Was founded September 2001, and the SNNR obtained State-level (national) status January 2003. The Management Bureau is in Xining , and is under the Qinghai Forest Bureau. Mr. Wang Zhibao, Director of the State Forest Administration, has said the goals of the nature reserve protect the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau ecosystem, with a focus on alpine swamp meadow and the natural habitat of wildlife in the Sanjiangyuan Area. The SNNR consisted of 18 subareas. These are of three types: wetland conservation (8 subareas), wildlife conservation (3 subareas), and shrubland or forest conservation (7 subareas). Each SNNR subarea had three zones:

702-467: Was permanently banned, zones in which grazing was to be banned for typically three to ten years, and zones which were seasonally closed to grazing or allowed seasonal rotational grazing. The implementation of four kinds of zones in Yushu and Guoluo prefectures also seem to provide a precedent, if these are not the SNNR map's zones themselves described differently. The first two of these zones correspond to what

729-562: Was the site where Yu the Great tamed the Yellow River and that it was considered part of Longxi Commandery , located 1740 li (724 km or 450 mi) from Kunlun Mountain and 5000 li (2,080 km or 1,290 mi) from the Luo . The massif had long been considered a sacred mountain and a place of pilgrimage, when before the Communist takeover up to 10,000 Golok people would make

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