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37-629: Scuol ( Romansh: [ˈʃkuɔ̯l] ) is a municipality in the Engiadina Bassa/Val Müstair Region in the Swiss canton of Grisons . The official language in Scuol is Romansh . On 1 January 2015 the former municipalities of Ardez , Guarda , Tarasp , Ftan and Sent merged into Scuol. The official name has undergone several changes in the 20th century: Scuol is first mentioned in 1095 as Schulles . At

74-542: A Fachhochschule ). The municipality has four railway stations: Scuol-Tarasp , Ftan Baraigla , Ardez , and Guarda . All four are located on the Bever–Scuol-Tarasp line with regular service to Disentis/Mustér and Pontresina . There is one small regional hospital, called Ospidal Engiadina Bassa (Romansh: Hospital of the Lower Engadin). The hospital celebrated its 100th anniversary on 21 June 2008. It

111-477: A certain time in Switzerland are also allowed to participate in municipal politics. As at the cantonal and federal level, citizens enjoy political rights, including direct democratic ones, in their municipality. Municipalities are financed through direct taxes (such as income tax ), with rates varying more or less within a framework set by the canton (see Taxation in Switzerland ). As among the cantons, there

148-407: A new church. Circa 1533 Scuol became Protestant . In 1621/1622 the village was devastated by Austrian troops; in 1652 it bought its freedom from Austria. From circa 1860 onwards, the healing springs of Scuol were used on a larger scale and the time of spa tourism began. During the following decades, the bath house and numerous hotels were built between the two old parts of the village. The opening of

185-429: Is 201 people or 9.5% of the population are between 60 and 69 years old, 154 people or 7.3% are 70 to 79, there are 115 people or 5.4% who are 80 to 89, and there are 21 people or 1.0% who are 90 to 99. In 2013 there were 1,073 private households in Scuol. Of the 694 inhabited buildings in the municipality, in 2000, about 41.6% were single family homes and 36.6% were multiple family buildings. Additionally, about 36.5% of

222-449: Is a tax transfer among the municipalities to balance various levels of tax income. Switzerland has a relatively high number of small municipalities, with a population of 1,000 or less, especially in rural areas. Because of the increasing difficulty in providing professional government services and in finding volunteers for political offices in small municipalities, the cantons tend to encourage voluntary mergers of municipalities. This led to

259-626: Is being used as a skiing area called "Motta Naluns", named after a place north of Scuol. The resort has 80 kilometers of slopes and 12 lifts (aerial cableway/ chair lifts / drag lifts). Before 2017 it was the municipality is the capital of the Inn district and was located in the Suot Tasna sub-district, after 2017 it was part of the Engiadina Bassa/Val Müstair Region. It is a well known spa town and vacation spot and

296-502: Is host to a branch of the Lia Rumantscha . As of  2012, there were a total of 2,240 people employed in the municipality. Of these, a total of 39 people worked in 13 businesses in the primary economic sector . The secondary sector employed 394 workers in 33 separate businesses. Finally, the tertiary sector provided 1,807 jobs in 265 businesses. In 2013 a total of 20.6% of the population received social assistance. In

333-474: Is one of the country's smallest hospitals, offering basic services such as departments of surgery , internal medicine , cardiology , dermatology , oncology , gynecology , a 24-hour Emergency Department , and a 2-bed intensive care unit. Understandably for a mountain resort with a major ski region, orthopedic procedures are very common. The Baselgia refurmada , the Chasa Wieland Nr. 29 and

370-529: Is the business center of the Unterengadin valley. It is the largest village on the left side of the Inn river. It consists of the village of Scuol with the section Pradella and the old mining village of S-charl . Until 1970 Scuol was known as Scuol/Schuls. The God da Tamangur ("the forest back there") is the highest continuous stone pine ( pinus cembra ) forest in Europe, right at the furthest end of

407-719: The 2011 federal election the most popular party was the BDP with 43.2% of the vote. The next three most popular parties were the SVP (20.1%), the SP (15.1%) and the FDP (10.3%). In the federal election, a total of 666 votes were cast, and the voter turnout was 46.0%. In 2014 the crime rate, of the over 200 crimes listed in the Swiss Criminal Code (running from murder, robbery and assault to accepting bribes and election fraud), in Scuol

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444-594: The Bever–Scuol line of the Rhaetian Railway in 1913 stimulated further growth. With the advent of winter sports in the middle of the 20th century, the second era of tourism in Scuol began. After the gondola lift to Motta Naluns (1956), numerous chairlifts and surface lifts were constructed. The spa tradition was revived in 1993 with the opening of the Bogn Engiadina ("Engadine bath"), including

481-809: The Bürgerrecht (citizenship), regardless of where they were born or where they may currently live. Instead of the place of birth , Swiss legal documents, e.g. passports, contain the Bürgerort (place of citizenship, or place of origin ). The Bürgergemeinde also often holds and administers the common property in the village for the members of the community. Each canton determines the powers and responsibilities of its municipalities. These may include providing local government services such as education, medical and social services, public transportation, and tax collection. The degree of centralization varies from one canton to another. The federal constitution protects

518-814: The Kurhaus Bad Tarasp (spa Bad Tarasp) in Scuol, the Chasté (a prehistoric site, a medieval fortress and a church) and the Doppelwohnhaus (Double-house) in Ardez, Tarasp Castle and the Trinkhalle (drinking hall) in Tarasp are all listed as Swiss heritage sites of national significance . The Chastè site includes settlements from the late Bronze Age (Melauner culture) into the early Iron Age ( Fritzens-Sanzeno culture) as well as some finds from

555-589: The Roman Empire . The Chasa Wieland Nr.29 in Scuol village was built around a three-story medieval stone tower. It was likely built by one of a few Graubünden noble families. The tower may have been damaged when Scuol was destroyed in 1499 during the Swabian War , but if so it was quickly repaired. During the Bündner Wirren , in 1622, Scuol and the tower were burned. Soon thereafter a farmhouse

592-523: The 2004/09 survey) of 144.14 square kilometers (55.65 sq mi). Of this area, about 26.9% is used for agricultural purposes, while 25.8% is forested. Of the rest of the land, 1.2% is settled (buildings or roads) and 46.1% is unproductive land. Over the past two decades (1979/85-2004/09) the amount of land that is settled has increased by 37 ha (91 acres) and the agricultural land has decreased by 146 ha (360 acres). The whole southern face towards Piz Champatsch on 2,785 meters (9,137 ft)

629-462: The Val S-charl, south of Scuol. The forest nature reserve covers an area of about 84 ha (210 acres) at up to 2,400 m (7,900 ft) in elevation. Due to the altitude and weather, the trees grow very slowly and may live up to 700 years. Scuol has a population (as of 31 December 2020) of 4,624. As of 2008, 23.6% of the population was made up of foreign nationals. Over the last 10 years

666-403: The autonomy of municipalities within the framework set out by cantonal law. Municipalities are generally governed by an executive council headed by a president or mayor . Legislative authority is exercised by a town meeting of all citizens, or by a municipal parliament, depending on the size of the municipality, and on cantonal and municipal law. In some cantons, foreigners who have lived for

703-437: The buildings were built before 1919, while 11.4% were built between 1991 and 2000. In 2012 the rate of construction of new housing units per 1000 residents was 20.57. The vacancy rate for the municipality, in 2014, was 2.48%. The historical population is given in the following chart: Half of the population (as of 2000) speaks Romansh (49.4%), with German being second most common (39.2%) and Italian being third ( 3.9%). Scuol

740-516: The end of the 11th and in the 12th century, the lords of Tarasp owned extensive estates in Scuol. In 1095/1096 their family founded a Marian monastery in Scuol and endowed it richly. In 1150 the monastery was moved to Marienberg in the Vinschgau valley. In 1178 Pope Alexander III confirmed all of the monastery's possessions in Scuol, including the church. The village was destroyed in the Swabian War of 1499; in 1516 Bernardo da Poschiavo built

777-724: The exercise of political rights for everyone except the members of the Bürgergemeinde . In the Regeneration era (1830–1848), the liberal revolutions of the common people helped to restore some rights again in a few cantons. In other cantons, the Bürgergemeinden were able to maintain power as political communities. In the city of Zürich it was not until the Municipal Act of 1866 that the political municipality came back into existence. The relationship between

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814-523: The first Roman-Irish bath in Switzerland. The Neo-Renaissance style Grand Hotel Waldhaus Vulpera in Scuol-Tarasp with Sgraffito -Elements was opened on 8 June 1897. It was one of the first addresses in the Swiss Alps and a major Belle Époque monument in Europe. After the 2015 merger Scuol had an area of 438.63 km (169.36 sq mi). Before the merger Scuol had an area, (as of

851-608: The lowest level of administrative division in Switzerland. Each municipality is part of one of the Swiss cantons , which form the Swiss Confederation . In most cantons, municipalities are also part of districts or other sub-cantonal administrative divisions. There are 2,131 municipalities as of January 2024 . Their populations range between several hundred thousand ( Zürich ), and a few dozen people ( Kammersrohr , Bister ), and their territory between 0.32 km² ( Rivaz ) and 439 km² ( Scuol ). The beginnings of

888-584: The modern municipality system date back to the Helvetic Republic . Under the Old Swiss Confederacy , citizenship was granted by each town and village to only residents. These citizens enjoyed access to community property and in some cases additional protection under the law. Additionally, the urban towns and the rural villages had differing rights and laws. The creation of a uniform Swiss citizenship, which applied equally for citizens of

925-410: The mortar to give the appearance of regular bricks or stones. Due to its geographical positioning, being located in the depth of a valley, Scuol features a warm-summer humid continental climate ( Köppen : " Dfb ") with moderate summers and chilly winters, which is usually accompanied with occasional snowfall. Despite seeing an average low of −8º in its coldest month, the winters here are not as cold as

962-471: The municipalities under cantonal or federal law. Municipalities are numbered by the Swiss Federal Office for Statistics (see Community Identification Number#Switzerland ). One or more postal codes (PLZ/NPA) can by assigned to a municipality or shared with other municipalities. Between 2011 and 2021 nine of the smallest municipalities merged into others as part of the effort to eliminate

999-436: The number of municipalities dropping by 384 between the end of 2010 and the beginning of 2019. Some municipalities designate themselves as "city" ( ville or Stadt ) or as "village" ( Dorf ). These designations result from tradition or local preference – for example, several small municipalities designated as cities held city rights in medieval times – and normally do not impact the legal or political rights or obligations of

1036-533: The old towns and their tenants and servants, led to conflict. The wealthier villagers and urban citizens held rights to forests, common land and other municipal property which they did not want to share with the "new citizens", who were generally poor. The compromise solution, which was written into the municipal laws of the Helvetic Republic, is still valid today. Two politically separate but often geographically similar organizations were created. The first,

1073-408: The political municipality and the Bürgergemeinde was often dominated by the latter's ownership of community property. Often the administration and profit from the property were totally held by the Bürgergemeinden , leaving the political municipality dependent on the Bürgergemeinde for money and use of the property. It was not until the political municipality acquired rights over property that served

1110-447: The political voting and electoral body rights from the Bürgergemeinde . In the cities, the percentage of members in the Bürgergemeinde in the population was reduced as a result of increasing emigration to the cities. This led to the Bürgergemeinde losing its former importance to a large extent. However, the Bürgergemeinde has remained, and it includes all individuals who are citizens of the Bürgergemeinde , usually by having inherited

1147-568: The population has grown at a rate of 1.4%. As of 2000, the gender distribution of the population was 48.5% male and 51.5% female. The age distribution, as of 2000, in Scuol is; 220 children or 10.4% of the population are between 0 and 9 years old. 106 teenagers or 5.0% are 10 to 14, and 139 teenagers or 6.6% are 15 to 19. Of the adult population, 248 people or 11.7% of the population are between 20 and 29 years old. 334 people or 15.7% are 30 to 39, 306 people or 14.4% are 40 to 49, and 278 people or 13.1% are 50 to 59. The senior population distribution

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1184-507: The public (such as schools, fire stations, etc.) and taxes, that they obtained full independence. For example, in the city of Bern, it was not until after the property division of 1852 that the political municipality had the right to levy taxes. It was not until the Federal Constitution of 1874 that all Swiss citizens were granted equal political rights on local and Federal levels. This revised constitution finally removed all

1221-469: The smallest communities. Only Bister has not merged into a new municipality although the smallest municipality is now Kammersrohr with a population of just 32. In addition to the municipalities as basic territorial political subdivisions, a number of other local subdivisions exist in several cantons. These include: Lia Rumantscha Established in 1919, its seat is in Chur . The organization

1258-677: The so-called municipality, was a political community formed by election and its voting body consists of all resident citizens. However, the community land and property remained with the former local citizens who were gathered together into the Bürgergemeinde /bourgeoisie. During the Mediation era (1803–1814), and especially during the Restoration era (1814–1830), many of the gains toward uniform citizenship were lost. Many political municipalities were abolished and limits were placed on

1295-700: The towns upstream (such as St. Moritz ). The town sees an average of 94.5 days of rain per year and on average receives 708 mm (27.9 in) of precipitation . The wettest month is August during which time Scuol receives an average of 109 mm (4.3 in) of precipitation. During this month there is precipitation for an average of 11.8 days. The driest month of the year is February with an average of 27 mm (1.1 in) of precipitation over 4.9 days. Municipalities of Switzerland Municipalities ( German : Gemeinden , Einwohnergemeinden or politische Gemeinden ; French : communes ; Italian : comuni ; Romansh : vischnancas ) are

1332-449: Was 41.3 per thousand residents. This rate is only 63.9% of the average rate in the entire country. During the same period, the rate of drug crimes was 8.5 per thousand residents and the rate of violations of immigration, visa and work permit laws was 0.9 per thousand. In Scuol about 69.7% of the population (between age 25–64) have completed either non-mandatory upper secondary education or additional higher education (either university or

1369-474: Was built over the ruins, incorporating the 1 m (3.3 ft) thick walls. Some of the doorways are from the tower, while new windows had to be broken into the walls. The date 1753 was carved into the lintel . The walls still show the Pietra Rasa construction, where the mortar that holds the rough stones together is also used as a plaster to them. After plastering with mortar, lines are incised into

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