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51-470: The various pieces of legislation that legally protect heritage assets from damage and destruction are grouped under the term " designation ". The protection provided to scheduled monuments is given under the Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Areas Act 1979 , which is a different law from that used for listed buildings (which fall within the town and country planning system). A heritage asset

102-727: A scheduled historic monument (for those in private ownership) or a monument in state care (for those in public ownership). The first Act to enshrine legal protection for ancient monuments was the Ancient Monuments Protection Act 1882 . This identified an initial list of 68 prehistoric sites that were given a degree of legal protection (25 sites in England, three in Wales, 22 in Scotland and 18 in Ireland). This

153-482: A degree of heritage significance meriting consideration in planning decisions but which do not meet the criteria for designated heritage assets. Only those that have special interest or national importance are protected through a range of separate pieces of legislation as either scheduled monuments; listed buildings; registered parks and gardens; registered battlefields; historic wrecks or conservation areas. However, many locally important heritage assets, which do not meet

204-491: A home office visit activity for media and data security knowledge sharing across different government departments. DCMS organises the annual Remembrance Day Ceremony at the Cenotaph and has responsibility for providing humanitarian assistance in the event of a disaster . In the government's response to the 7 July 2005 London bombings the department coordinated humanitarian support to the relatives of victims and arranged

255-736: A museum) and have service potential. The UK government publishes a list of heritage assets that are tax exempt. The term 'heritage asset' is used in the UK to describe a range of geographical components of the historic environment which have been positively identified as having a degree of significance meriting consideration in planning decisions. These include listed buildings ; old buildings that are not listed but still have local historical importance; scheduled monuments ; war memorials; historic wreck sites; parks; historic gardens; conservation areas , archaeological sites and so on. They also include places and properties that are not formally protected through

306-502: A site, defines a boundary around it and advises the Secretary of State for Culture, Media and Sport of its eligibility for inclusion on the schedule. In Wales Cadw is part of central government and act on behalf of the relevant ministers. In Scotland, since October 2015, Historic Environment Scotland has been a non-departmental public body advising Scottish Ministers. The 1979 Act makes it a criminal offence to: Despite perceptions to

357-569: Is a ministerial department of the Government of the United Kingdom . It holds the responsibility for culture and sport in England , and some aspects of the media throughout the UK , such as broadcasting . Its main offices are at 100 Parliament Street , occupying part of the building known as Government Offices Great George Street . It also has responsibility for the tourism , leisure and creative industries (some jointly with

408-478: Is a part of the historic environment that is valued because of its historic, archaeological, architectural or artistic interest. Only some of these are judged to be important enough to have extra legal protection through designation. There are about 20,000 scheduled monuments in England representing about 37,000 heritage assets. Of the tens of thousands of scheduled monuments in the UK, most are inconspicuous archaeological sites, but some are large ruins . According to

459-625: Is administered in England by Historic England; in Wales by Cadw on behalf of the Senedd (Welsh Parliament); and in Scotland by Historic Environment Scotland on behalf of the Scottish Ministers. In Northern Ireland, the term "Scheduled Historic Monument" is used. These sites protected under Article 3 of the Historic Monuments and Archaeological Objects (Northern Ireland) Order 1995. The schedule contains over 1,900 sites, and

510-399: Is an item which has value because of its contribution to a nation's society, knowledge and/or culture. Such items are usually physical assets, but some countries also use the term in relation to intangible social and spiritual inheritance. The term is found in several contexts: A tangible asset with historical, artistic, scientific, technological, geophysical or environmental qualities that

561-411: Is complex, and dates back to 1882. There have been many revisions since, and the UK government states that it remains committed to heritage protection legislation reform, even though the draft Heritage Protection Bill 2008, which proposed a single 'register' that included scheduled monuments and listed buildings, was abandoned to make room in the parliamentary legislative programme for measures to deal with

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612-529: Is held and maintained principally for its contribution to knowledge and culture. Heritage assets are accounted for as a distinct category because their value is unlikely to be fully reflected in a financial value or price. Many are unique, meaning their value may increase, rather than depreciate, even if their physical condition deteriorates. Also, heritage assets may incur high costs to maintain them and their life might be measured in hundreds of years. Heritage assets are often described as 'inalienable', because

663-689: Is maintained by the Department for Communities . There is no positive distinction yet for a single method of registering sites of heritage. The long tradition of legal issues did not lead to a condensed register nor to any single authority to take care of over the course of the last 130 years. The UK is a signatory to the Council of Europe 's Valletta Treaty which obliges it to have a legal system to protect archaeological heritage on land and under water. The body of designation legislation used for legally protecting heritage assets from damage and destruction

714-415: Is still in use. Scheduling offers protection because it makes it illegal to undertake a great range of 'works' within a designated area, without first obtaining 'scheduled monument consent'. However, it does not affect the owner's freehold title or other legal interests in the land, nor does it give the general public any new rights of public access. The process of scheduling does not automatically imply that

765-776: The BBC Charter review process. DCMS received full responsibility for the digital economy policy, formerly jointly held with BIS , and sponsorship of the Information Commissioner's Office from the Ministry of Justice . Whittingdale was replaced by Karen Bradley after the referendum on the UK's membership of the EU in July 2016. The Office for Civil Society moved from the Cabinet Office to DCMS as part of

816-467: The Department for Business and Trade ). The department was also responsible for the delivery of the 2012 Olympic Games and Paralympic Games . From 2017 to 2023, the department had responsibility for the building of a digital economy and the internet and was known as the Department for Digital, Culture, Media and Sport . The responsibilities for digital policy were transferred to the newly created Department for Science, Innovation and Technology in

867-519: The Department of National Heritage ( DNH ), which itself was created on 11 April 1992 out of various other departments, soon after the Conservative election victory . The former ministers for the Arts and for Sport had previously been located in other departments. DNH was renamed as the Department for Culture, Media and Sport ( DCMS ) on 14 July 1997, under the premiership of Tony Blair . It

918-579: The February 2023 cabinet reshuffle . King Charles III [REDACTED] William, Prince of Wales [REDACTED] Charles III ( King-in-Council ) [REDACTED] Starmer ministry ( L ) Keir Starmer ( L ) Angela Rayner ( L ) ( King-in-Parliament ) [REDACTED] Charles III [REDACTED] [REDACTED] [REDACTED] The Lord Reed The Lord Hodge Andrew Bailey Monetary Policy Committee DCMS originates from

969-483: The House of Lords . As part of the 13 February 2020 reshuffle, Oliver Dowden MP was appointed Secretary of State for Digital, Culture, Media and Sport. Nadine Dorries succeeded on 15 September 2021. In July 2022, Dorries personally granted Grade II-listed status to a plaque of Cecil Rhodes which she believed is of "special historic interest". This decision attracted controversy. On 5 September 2022, in anticipation of

1020-754: The National Trust , regional and local archaeological societies, Portable Antiquities Scheme Finds Liaison Officers, voluntary groups, property owners, land managers and farmers. Examples of scheduled historic monuments in Northern Ireland , as designated by the Department for Communities : Examples of scheduled monuments in Scotland , as designated by Historic Environment Scotland : Examples of scheduled monuments in Wales , as designated by Cadw : Heritage asset A heritage asset

1071-490: The 1979 Act was never brought into effect in Scotland. It is a legal requirement to maintain the 'schedule' of monuments. In England the Department for Culture, Media and Sport keeps a register, or schedule, of nationally important sites which receive state protection. The National Heritage List for England now includes about 400,000 heritage sites, including scheduled monuments. This online searchable list can be found on

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1122-561: The 1979 Act, a monument cannot be a structure which is occupied as a dwelling, used as a place of worship or a protected shipwreck . Scheduled monuments are defined in the Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Areas Act 1979 . In England, Wales and Scotland they are often referred to as a scheduled ancient monument , although the Act defines only ancient monument and scheduled monument . A monument can be: In Northern Ireland they are designated under separate legislation and are referred to as

1173-640: The Historic England web site. The list of Scottish monuments can be searched on the Historic Environment Scotland website, or through Pastmap. For Wales, the National Monuments Record of Wales (NMRW), has an online database called "Coflein" which contains the national collection of information about the historic environment of Wales. To be eligible for scheduling, a monument must be demonstrably of (in

1224-655: The Marine (Scotland) Act 2010. It is intended that the marine scheduled monuments will be protected by this new Act. The Historic Environment (Amendment) (Scotland) Act, which amended the 1979 Act, was passed into law in 2011. Wider areas can be protected by designating their locations as Areas of Archaeological Importance (AAI) under the Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Areas Act 1979. As of 2011, only five city centres in England have been designated as AAIs (Canterbury, Chester, Exeter, Hereford and York). This part of

1275-603: The Olympics . Ministerial responsibility for the Olympics was shared with Ms Jowell in the Cabinet Office , but the staff of the Government Olympic Executive (GOE) remained based in DCMS. Following the 2010 general election , ministerial responsibility for the Olympics returned to the Secretary of State. Although Jeremy Hunt's full title was Secretary of State for Culture, Olympics, Media and Sport ,

1326-633: The UK are also protected as World Heritage Sites . To add to the confusion, some heritage assets can be both listed buildings and scheduled monuments (e.g. Dunblane Cathedral ). World Heritage Sites, conservation areas and protected landscapes can also contain both scheduled monuments and listed buildings. Where a heritage asset is both scheduled and listed, many provisions of the listing legislation are dis-applied (for example those relating to building preservation notices). In England, Scotland and Wales, protection of monuments can also be given by another process, additional to or separate from scheduling, taking

1377-487: The act, was Augustus Pitt Rivers . At this point, only the inspector, answering directly to the First Commissioner of Works , was involved in surveying the scheduled sites and persuading landowners to offer sites to the state. The act also established the concept of guardianship, in which a site might remain in private ownership, but the monument itself become the responsibility of the state, as guardian. However

1428-502: The appointment of Liz Truss as Prime Minister, Dorries tendered her resignation as culture secretary. It is responsible for government policy in the following areas: Other responsibilities of DCMS include listing of historic buildings , scheduling of ancient monuments , export licensing of cultural goods , and management of the Government Art Collection (GAC). The Secretary of State has responsibility for

1479-568: The condition of scheduled monuments is also reported through the Heritage at Risk survey. In 2008 this survey extended to include all listed buildings , scheduled monuments, registered parks and gardens, registered battlefields, protected wreck sites and conservation areas. The register is compiled by survey by a range of heritage groups including Natural England, the Forestry Commission, local authorities, national park authorities,

1530-1124: The contrary, only a very small proportion of applications for scheduled monument consent are refused. In Scotland in the ten years from 1995 to 2005, out of 2,156 applications, only 16 were refused. Development close to a scheduled monument which might damage its setting is also a material consideration in the planning system. Historic England, Historic Environment Scotland and Cadw monitor the condition of scheduled monuments. They encourage owners to maintain scheduled monuments in good condition by using sympathetic land uses, for example restricting stock levels or controlling undergrowth which can damage archaeology below ground. Historic Environment Scotland, Cadw, Historic England and Natural England also offer owners advice on how to manage their monuments. There are some grant incentive schemes for owners, including schemes run by Historic England and by Natural England for farmers and land managers. Historic Environment Scotland, Historic England and Cadw, occasionally award grants to support management agreements for monuments, and in some cases can help with major repairs. In England,

1581-492: The credit crunch. The scheduling system has been criticised by some as being cumbersome. In England and Wales it also has a limited definition of what constitutes a monument. Features such as ritual landscapes , battlefields and flint scatters are difficult to schedule; recent amendment in Scotland (see below) has widened the definition to include "any site... comprising any thing, or group of things, that evidences previous human activity". The wide range of legislation means that

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1632-549: The criteria for national designation, are noted in local council lists, on local 'heritage asset registers' and on 'Historic Environment Records'. These are referred to in local and regional planning policies. 'Heritage environment records' (HERs) are also sometimes called ' Sites and Monuments Records '. Two-thirds of all heritage assets are said to be privately owned, which reflects the fact that they are often small houses and local sites, rather than just big public buildings. The Penfold Review of non-planning consents agreed that

1683-399: The department's name remained unchanged. On 4 September 2012, Hunt was appointed Health Secretary in a cabinet reshuffle and replaced by Maria Miller . Maria Miller later resigned due to controversy over her expenses. Her replacement was announced later that day as Sajid Javid . After the 2015 general election , John Whittingdale was appointed as Secretary of State, tasked with initiating

1734-503: The designation system, and certain historic landscapes. The term 'heritage asset' is often used as a convenient collective term for all these items. Not all heritage assets are legally protected through the designation system. UK heritage protection practice also allows for buildings or other assets to be granted a status as a "non-designated heritage asset": Non-designated heritage assets are buildings, monuments, sites, places, areas or landscapes identified by plan-making bodies as having

1785-563: The historic environment surrounding the Strategic Road Network. Manchester University uses the term 'cultural asset' for its museums and art gallery collections. The term is more frequently used in Canada and Australia where it refers to works of art, rituals, ceremonies and aural heritage (i.e. stories and folklore). Department for Culture, Media and Sport The Department for Culture, Media and Sport ( DCMS )

1836-570: The holder cannot sell or dispose of them without external consent. These restrictions may be formed in law, for example, trust law relating to a charity's governing documents. Some argue that inalienability means that assets held in trust are not actually assets of the organisation that holds them. However, the UK Financial Reporting Council states that inalienable assets meet the definition of an asset because they may be used to generate income (e.g. attracting visitors to

1887-473: The legislation could not compel landowners, as that level of state interference with private property was not politically possible. The Ancient Monuments Protection Act 1900 extended the scope of the legislation to include medieval monuments. Pressure grew for stronger legislation. In a speech in 1907, Robert Hunter, chairman of the National Trust, observed that only a further 18 sites had been added to

1938-587: The maintenance of the land and buildings making up the historic Royal Estate under the Crown Lands Act 1851 . These inherited functions, which were once centralised in the Office of Works , are now delivered as follows: The department also has responsibility for state ceremonial occasions and royal funerals. However, responsibility for the Civil List element of head-of-state expenditure and income from

1989-662: The monument into state ownership or placing it under guardianship, classifying it as a guardianship monument under the terms of Section 12 of the 1979 Act (as amended by the National Heritage Act 1983 in England, and by the Historic Environment (Amendment) (Scotland) Act 2011) (e.g. St Rule's Church in St Andrews). The latter meaning that the owner retains possession, while the appropriate national heritage body maintains it and (usually) opens it to

2040-452: The monument is being poorly managed or that it is under threat, nor does it impose a legal obligation to undertake any additional management of the monument. In England and Wales the authority for designating, re-designating and de-designating a scheduled monument lies with the Secretary of State for the Department for Culture, Media and Sport (DCMS). The Secretary of State keeps the list, or schedule, of these sites. The designation process

2091-485: The original list of 68. 'Scheduling' in the modern sense only became possible with the passing of the Ancient Monuments Consolidation and Amendment Act 1913 . When Pitt Rivers died in 1900 he was not immediately replaced as Inspector. Charles Peers, a professional architect, was appointed as Inspector in 1910 in the Office of Works becoming Chief Inspector in 1913. The job title 'Inspector'

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2142-533: The public. All monuments in guardianship on the passing of the 1979 Act were automatically included in the 'schedule'. Scheduling is not usually applied to underwater sites although historic wrecks can be protected under the Protection of Wrecks Act 1973 , although three maritime sites have been designated as scheduled monuments. In Scotland new powers for protection of the marine heritage, better integrated with other maritime conservation powers, have been given by

2193-485: The recommendations outlined in the Draft Heritage Protection Bill 2009 should be adopted. This would result in a simpler (and hopefully faster and less expensive) planning system. The term heritage asset is less commonly used within a cultural context. The UK Highways Agency has developed a series of Cultural Heritage Assets Management Plans (CHAMP) which are designed to protect and enhance

2244-447: The same reshuffle. In January 2018, Matthew Hancock , previous Minister of State for Digital, was appointed Secretary of State as part of a Cabinet reshuffle. In the 9 July 2018 reshuffle, Jeremy Wright became the Secretary of State. Nicky Morgan became Secretary of State in July 2019; she stood down as an MP at the 2019 United Kingdom general election but was ennobled as Baroness Morgan of Cotes and retained her position from within

2295-622: The separate Crown Estate remains with the Chancellor of the Exchequer . DCMS works jointly with the Department for Business, Innovation and Skills (BIS) on design issues, including sponsorship of the Design Council , and on relations with the computer games and publishing industries . DCMS works with local community system providers in broadcasting service via TV and Internet channels. In September 2022, it managed to hold

2346-496: The terminology describing how historic sites are protected varies according to the type of heritage asset. Monuments are "scheduled", buildings are "listed", whilst battlefields, parks and gardens are "registered", and historic wrecks are "protected". Historic urban spaces receive protection through designation as " conservation areas ", and historic landscapes are designated through national park and Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty (AONB) legislation. In addition, there are areas in

2397-495: The terms of the 1979 Act) "national importance". Non-statutory criteria are provided to guide the assessment. In England these are: The Scottish criteria were revised after public consultation between 2006 and 2008. There is no appeal against the scheduling process and adding a monument to the schedule may be a process requiring a great deal of research and consideration. The process can be accelerated for sites under threat, however. In England, Historic England gathers information on

2448-609: Was first devolved to Scotland and Wales in the 1970s and is now operated there by the Scottish Government and the Welsh Government respectively. The government bodies with responsibility for archaeology and the historic environment in Britain are: Historic England in England, Cadw in Wales, and Historic Environment Scotland in Scotland. The processes for application and monitoring scheduled monuments

2499-480: Was renamed to Department for Digital, Culture, Media and Sport on 3 July 2017, staying DCMS under the premiership of Theresa May to reflect the department's increased activity in the digital sector. The department was renamed back to the Department for Culture, Media and Sport ( DCMS ) in February 2023, with responsibility for digital moving to the new Department for Science, Innovation and Technology . DCMS

2550-624: Was the co-ordinating department for the successful bid by London to host the 2012 Olympics and appointed and oversees the agencies delivering the Games' infrastructure and programme, principally the Olympic Delivery Authority (ODA) and LOCOG . The June 2007 Cabinet reshuffle led to Tessa Jowell MP taking on the role of Paymaster General and then Minister for the Cabinet Office while remaining Minister for

2601-519: Was the result of strenuous representation by William Morris and the Society for the Protection of Ancient Buildings , which had been founded in 1877. Following various previous attempts, the 1882 legislation was guided through Parliament by John Lubbock , who in 1871 had bought Avebury, Wiltshire , to ensure the survival of the stone circle. The first Inspector of Ancient Monuments, as set up by

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