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Scottish Horse

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43-794: The Scottish Horse was a Yeomanry regiment of the British Army 's Territorial Army raised in 1900 for service in the Second Boer War . It saw heavy fighting in both the First World War , as the 13th Battalion, Black Watch , and in the Second World War , as part of the Royal Artillery . It amalgamated with the Fife and Forfar Yeomanry to form the Fife and Forfar Yeomanry/Scottish Horse in 1956. The lineage

86-580: A "permanent duty" allowance, and that units be maintained at a specific strength. Yeomanry officers and permanent drill instructors were required to undergo training at a newly established School of Instruction and the Secretary of State for War took over responsibility for the force, from individual Lords Lieutenant of counties. While these reforms improved the professionalism of the Yeomanry Force, numbers remained low (only 10,617 in 1881). In 1876,

129-544: A branch of juniper leaves on the other. The officers and men of the regiment wore the Duke of Atholl's Tartan, Murray of Atholl, in various forms of dress. However, the pipers (known as trumpeters on the establishment) wore the Tullibardaine Tartan. The stable belt was black with three gold stripes – colours taken from The Duke of Atholl 's arms. The newly raised Scottish Horse appeared in full dress uniform for

172-828: A period of expansion following on the Boer War. After the First World War, the Territorial Force was disbanded and later reformed and redesignated as the Territorial Army . Following the experience of the war, only the fourteen senior yeomanry regiments retained their horses, with the rest being re-designated as armoured car companies , artillery , engineers , or signals . Two regiments were disbanded. The converted units retained their yeomanry traditions, with some artillery regiments having individual batteries representing different yeomanry units. On

215-531: A variety of different roles. In the 1790s, following the French Revolution and the rise of Napoleon Bonaparte , the perceived threat of invasion of the Kingdom of Great Britain was high. To improve the country's defences, Volunteer regiments were raised in many counties from yeomen . While the word "yeoman" in normal use meant a small farmer who owned his land, Yeomanry officers were drawn from

258-650: Is maintained by "C" Fife and Forfar Yeomanry/Scottish Horse Squadron of The Scottish and North Irish Yeomanry based in Cupar in Fife . In late 1900, the Marquess of Tullibardine was in asked by Lord Kitchener , whom he had served under on the Omdurman Campaign, to raise a regiment of Scotsmen in South Africa, called The Scottish Horse . The regiment was raised quickly and soon saw active service in

301-790: The Black Watch . The 13th (Scottish Horse Yeomanry) Battalion of The Black Watch was sent to fight in Salonika as part of the 81st Brigade in 27th Division . The 3rd Regiment was formed into the 26th (Scottish Horse) Squadron, the Machine Gun Corps and continued to serve in Egypt before being re-titled as a company and posted to the Lovat's Scouts Battalion of the Cameron Highlanders. In June 1918, with victory looming on

344-695: The Italian Campaign . In 1947, the Scottish Horse rejoined the Territorial Army list with its HQ back at Dunkeld. It was transferred from the Royal Artillery to become part of the Royal Armoured Corps . At this time, the regiment was made up of two squadrons of Scottish Horse and the third from the Lovat Scouts . This merger was to be short lived and, by 1949, the Lovat Scouts had been roled as Artillery, leaving both

387-471: The Lovat Scouts . The regiment started the war as reconnaissance mounted cavalry. However, the horses were withdrawn at Dunkeld and, after a brief wait. the Scottish Horse was formally dismounted. In 1940, The Scottish Horse Regiment was split to become the 79th (The Scottish Horse) Medium Regiment, Royal Artillery and the 80th (The Scottish Horse) Medium Regiment, Royal Artillery. The 80th Medium Regiment served as part of 6th Army Group Royal Artillery in

430-548: The Royal Tank Corps (RTC), one was reduced to a battery in another regiment, one was absorbed into a local infantry battalion, one became a signals regiment and two were disbanded. The remaining 25 regiments were converted to brigades of the Royal Field Artillery between 1920 and 1922. The Scottish Horse was reduced to a single regiment, but remained mounted as a "scouts" unit – as did

473-730: The Scottish Horse and had been expanded to two regiments (eight squadrons in total) with its headquarters at Dunkeld co-located with the headquarters of the 1st Regiment. The regiments were trained and equipped as dragoons . In accordance with the Territorial and Reserve Forces Act 1907 ( 7 Edw. 7 , c.9 ) which brought the Territorial Force into being, the TF was intended to be a home defence force for service during wartime and members could not be compelled to serve outside

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516-585: The civil authority to quell riots and civil disturbances, including the Peterloo Massacre ; as police forces were created and took over this role, the Yeomanry concentrated on local defence. In 1827, it was decided for financial reasons to reduce the number of yeomanry regiments, disbanding those that had not been required to assist the civil power over the previous decade. A number of independent troops were also dissolved. Following these reductions,

559-536: The 1st, 2nd and 3rd Regiments evacuated from Gallipoli and moved to Egypt. Due to heavy casualties, the Scottish Horse Brigade was absorbed into 1st Dismounted Brigade on Suez Canal defences in February 1916. On 29 September 1916, the 1st and 2nd Regiments formed an infantry battalion. Just over two weeks later, on 15 October 1916, it became known as the 13th (Scottish Horse Yeomanry) Battalion,

602-444: The 2nd Line units or to the 4th (Reserve) Battalion of the Black Watch at Ripon . Post war, a commission was set up to consider the shape of the Territorial Force ( Territorial Army from 1 October 1921). The experience of the First World War made it clear that cavalry was surfeit. The commission decided that only the 14 most senior regiments were to be retained as cavalry. Eight regiments were converted to Armoured Car Companies of

645-537: The Army List moved through its history The regiment wore a slouch hat with kakhi and black silk in the pogri (only the Commanding Officer would wear the silk Murray of Atholl tartan in the pogri) bearing a cap badge with backing of yellow/red or blue (depending on if with soldier was in 1st 2nd or 3rd Regiment) and black cock feather. The cap badge cross of St Andrew with a sprig of laurel on one side and

688-684: The Lowland Mounted Brigade served in Gallipoli from October until 30 December 1915 with 52nd (Lowland) Division when it was evacuated to Mudros . It was transferred to Egypt , arriving on 7 February 1916 and was immediately absorbed into the 1st Dismounted Brigade. On formation, the 1st Dismounted Brigade was commanded by Br-Gen Marquis of Tullibardine (former commander of the Scottish Horse Mounted Brigade ) and consisted of: From 8 February 1916,

731-594: The Macedonia front, the unit was transferred to the 149th Brigade , 50th Division on the Western Front , where it remained until the end of the war. Three 2nd Line regiments were formed in August and September 1914 at Dunkeld and Aberdeen. They moved to Kettering , Northamptonshire and formed 2/1st Scottish Horse Mounted Brigade . At the end of 1915, they moved to Alford , Lincolnshire . On 31 March 1916,

774-458: The Scottish Horse and The Royal Armoured Corps. In 1956, an amalgamation was announced with the Fife and Forfar Yeomanry and, on 31 October 1956, the Scottish Horse became part of a new regiment known as the Fife and Forfar Yeomanry/Scottish Horse . The Victoria Cross is the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces. Lt William John English (later Lt Col)

817-689: The Western Transvaal. A second regiment of Scottish Horse was raised from troops recruited by the 7th Duke of Atholl . After the war ended in June 1902, 780 officers and men of the regiments left Cape Town in the SS Goth and arrived in Southampton in late August. Both regiments were subsequently disbanded at Edinburgh Castle on 1 September 1902, after repatriating Australians and discharging South Africans. Later in 1902, The Scottish Horse

860-467: The Yeomanry Force was retained as a second line of support for the regular cavalry within Britain. Recruiting difficulties led to serious consideration being given to the disbandment of the entire force in 1870, but instead measures were taken the following year to improve its effectiveness. These included requirements that individual yeomanry troopers attend a minimum number of drills per year in return for

903-707: The Yeomanry served in the Long Range Desert Group from 1940 through to 1943, incorporated into "Y Patrol". There were reductions in the size of the TA in both 1957 and 1961, which led to the amalgamation of some pairs of yeomanry regiments. There was a major reduction in reserve forces in 1967 with the formation of the Territorial and Army Volunteer Reserve; all existing yeomanry regiments were reduced to squadron, company or battery sub-units. A number of further reorganisations have taken place since then. In

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946-570: The Yeomanry. In 1901, all yeomanry regiments were redesignated as "Imperial Yeomanry", and reorganised. In 1908, the Imperial Yeomanry was merged with the Volunteer Force to form the Territorial Force , of which it became the cavalry arm. The "Imperial" title was dropped at the same time. On the eve of World War I in 1914, there were 55 Yeomanry regiments (with two more formed in August 1914), each of four squadrons instead of

989-508: The ammunition ran short, he went over to the next party and obtained more; to do so he had to cross some 15 yards of open ground, under a heavy fire at a range of from 20 to 30 yards. The battle honours of the Scottish Horse are displayed on the guidon which are now laid up in Dunkeld Cathedral . The battle honours were carried forward on to the guidon of the Fife and Forfar Yeomanry/Scottish Horse and are represented today on

1032-578: The brigade was attached to the 52nd (Lowland) Division in No. 3 (Northern) Section, Suez Canal Defences. The brigade remained with 52nd (Lowland) Division until 16 October 1916 when the brigade was dissolved. On 27 September 1916, 3rd Scottish Horse was converted to form 26th (Scottish Horse) Squadron, Machine Gun Corps . It also provided a company to the Lovat's Scouts which formed the 10th (Lovat's Scouts) Battalion, Queen's Own Cameron Highlanders . The battalion

1075-467: The country. However, on the outbreak of war on 4 August 1914, many members volunteered for Imperial Service . Therefore, TF units were split in August and September 1914 into 1st Line (liable for overseas service) and 2nd Line (home service for those unable or unwilling to serve overseas) units. Later, a 3rd Line was formed to act as a reserve, providing trained replacements for the 1st and 2nd Line regiments. The 1st and 2nd Scottish Horse were expanded with

1118-683: The creation of the 3rd Regiment in August 1914 and the Scottish Horse Mounted Brigade was then formed with these three regiments in September 1914. By January 1915, the Scottish Horse Mounted Brigade was attached to the 63rd (2nd Northumbrian) Division on coastal defence duties in the UK. By August 1915 the regiments were ready for foreign service and took part in dismounted landings at Suvla Bay , Gallipoli on 2 September 1915, attached to 2nd Mounted Division . December 1915 saw

1161-506: The current Army Reserve , several remnants of former Yeomanry regiments are still serving, usually as a sub-unit of a larger unit: In 1907 the First Aid Nursing Yeomanry was established as an all female volunteer organisation to provide a link between field hospitals and the front line, with their primary role being to rescue the wounded, rather than provide nursing care. Because the organisation as initially formed

1204-633: The eve of the Second World War in 1939, the Territorial Army was doubled in size, with duplicate units formed; this led to some regiments being de-amalgamated. The last mounted regiment of yeomanry was the Queen's Own Yorkshire Dragoons , who were converted to an armoured role in March 1942, and later converted into an infantry battalion of the King's Own Yorkshire Light Infantry —KOYLI. Volunteers from

1247-543: The first time in May 1903, on the occasion of a visit by King Edward VII to Edinburgh. The new uniform comprised the slouch hat shown above, a light khaki-drab tunic piped in yellow and khaki overalls (tight fitting cavalry trousers) also with yellow piping. The shade of yellow used was that of the body of the Scottish Standard. This uniform, worn for both parade and ordinary duties, was practical and smart but plain by

1290-480: The guidon of the Queen's Own Yeomanry . The Scottish Horse was awarded the following battle honours (honours in bold are emblazoned on the regimental colours ): Honorary Distinction : Badge of the Royal Regiment of Artillery with year-dates "1943–45" and three scrolls: " North-West Europe ", " Sicily " and " Italy " Other notable Commanders and Soldiers This table shows how the regiment's place in

1333-467: The nobility or the landed gentry, and many of the men were the officers' tenants or had other forms of obligation to the officers. At its formation, the force was referred to as the Yeomanry Cavalry . Members of the yeomanry were not obliged to serve overseas without their individual consent. During the first half of the nineteenth century, Yeomanry Regiments were used extensively in support of

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1376-583: The outbreak of war in 1914. There were also special uniforms for pipers, and for optional mess wear by officers and sergeants. Memorials to the regiment can be found as follows: Additional References not fully devoted to the Regiment Yeomanry Yeomanry is a designation used by a number of units and sub-units in the British Army Reserve which are descended from volunteer cavalry regiments that now serve in

1419-410: The regiments were stationed at Limerick (2/1st), Lahinch (2/2nd) and Tulla (2/3rd) where they remained until the end of the war. Three 3rd Line regiments were formed at Dunkeld around May 1915. In the summer of 1915, they were affiliated to a Reserve Cavalry Regiment at Aldershot and in June 1916 they returned to Dunkeld. The regiments were disbanded in early 1917 with personnel transferring to

1462-642: The remaining Mounted Brigades were numbered in a single sequence. As a consequence, the 2/1st Scottish Horse Mounted Brigade was redesignated as 19th Mounted Brigade , in Northern Command . In July 1916, the regiments were converted to cyclists (and the brigade became 12th Cyclist Brigade , later 8th Cyclist Brigade ) still in Lincolnshire. At the end of 1917, they moved to Fife with the regiments at Ladybank (2/1st), St Andrews (2/2nd) and Cupar (2/3rd). In April 1918, they moved to Ireland and

1505-438: The role of the Yeomanry Force was fixed as that of light cavalry . During the previous decades, horse artillery troops had been raised to be attached to a number of yeomanry regiments and dismounted detachments appeared where horses were not available in sufficient numbers. These supernumerary units were now abolished. During the Second Boer War , companies of Imperial Yeomanry were formed to serve overseas from volunteers from

1548-444: The standards of the period. In 1908 a more elaborate full dress was adopted in "Atholl Grey" (a light grey with slightly violet tint). Tunic and overalls were in this distinctive colour, with collars, shoulder straps, piping and trouser stripes in yellow. The slouch hat continued to be worn, with black cock's tail feathers. This uniform was worn by all ranks for ceremonial and church parades, plus walking out dress for other ranks, until

1591-422: The three of the regular cavalry. Upon embodiment, these regiments were either brought together to form mounted brigades or allocated as divisional cavalry. For purposes of recruitment and administration, the Yeomanry were linked to specific counties or regions, identified in the regimental title. Some of the units still in existence in 1914 dated back to those created in the 1790s, while others had been created during

1634-419: The yeomanry establishment was fixed at 22 corps (regiments) receiving allowances and a further 16 serving without pay. During the 1830s, the number of yeomanry units fluctuated, reflecting the level of civil unrest in any particular region at any particular time. The Irish Yeomanry, which had played a major role in suppressing the rebellion of 1798, was completely disbanded in 1838. For the next thirty years,

1677-587: Was awarded the Victoria Cross for his heroism on 3 July 1901 in South Africa whilst serving as a lieutenant in The Scottish Horse. The citation read: This officer, with five men, was holding the position at Vlakfontein on 3 July 1901 during an attack by the Boers. Two of his men were killed and two wounded, but the position was still held, largely owing to the lieutenant's personal pluck. When

1720-617: Was mounted it adopted the yeomanry name. The First Aid Nursing Yeomanry is an independent charity that is not part of the Armed Forces, today it provides teams to aid civil agencies. Other uses of yeoman : 1st Dismounted Brigade The 1st Dismounted Brigade was a formation of the British Army in World War I . It was formed in Egypt in February 1916 by absorbing the Lowland and Scottish Horse Mounted Brigades . The brigade

1763-653: Was on Suez Canal defences attached to the 52nd (Lowland) Division and was broken up in October 1916. The 1st Dismounted Brigade was formed in Egypt in February 1916 by absorbing the Lowland Mounted Brigade and the Scottish Horse Mounted Brigade . The Scottish Horse Mounted Brigade had served dismounted in the Gallipoli Campaign from September to December 1915 with the 2nd Mounted Division before being withdrawn to Egypt . Similarly,

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1806-773: Was reconstituted as two regiments by the Duke of Atholl, both claiming descent from the original Scottish Horse, a British Army Regiment and a volunteer Regiment in Transvaal Army: the latter unit was disbanded in 1907. The British Army regiment was re-constituted in 1903 as the Scottish Horse Imperial Yeomanry with headquarters in the High Street in Dunkeld . It was made the county Yeomanry Regiment for Perthshire , Aberdeenshire , Elgin , Nairn and Argyll . By 1908, it had been renamed

1849-516: Was transferred to Salonika , arriving 20 October, where it joined 82nd Brigade, 27th Division . On 1 October 1916, 1st Scottish Horse and 2nd Scottish Horse were amalgamated to form 13th (Scottish Horse Yeomanry) Battalion, Black Watch . The battalion was transferred to Salonika , arriving 21 October, where it joined 81st Brigade, 27th Division . In October 1916, the remnants of the 1st Dismounted Brigade (Ayrshire Yeomanry and Lanarkshire Yeomanry) were absorbed into 2nd Dismounted Brigade which

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