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44-677: The Serbian Patriotic Alliance ( Serbian : Српски патриотски савез , romanized :  Srpski patriotski savez , abbr. SPAS ; lit.   ' salvation ' ) was a right-wing populist political party in Serbia . It was led by Aleksandar Šapić , the president of the New Belgrade municipality. The legal predecessor of SPAS was the Movement of United Local Self-Governments (PULS), founded in 2010. PULS took part in several right-wing coalitions during its existence. Shortly after

88-464: A right-wing party, with some also describing it as a centre-right and far-right party. SPAS supported the accession of Serbia to the European Union . Šapić personally opposed the recognition of Kosovo. After the formation of the party, Šapić commented that "the party will not be pro-American , pro-Russian or pro-French " and that instead it will fight for its national interests. During

132-529: A local coalition with Healthy Serbia to participate in future local elections; in early January 2020, Šapić changed his mind and coalition negotiations came to a halt. Prior to this, Together for Šumadija had also joined the coalition talks in mid-January. SPAS previously declared itself as an opponent to the Serbian Progressive Party (SNS) government and opposed election cooperation with opposition parties, going as far to reject joining

176-436: Is Torlakian in southeastern Serbia, which is transitional to Macedonian and Bulgarian . Serbian is practically the only European standard language whose speakers are fully functionally digraphic , using both Cyrillic and Latin alphabets. The Serbian Cyrillic alphabet was devised in 1814 by Serbian linguist Vuk Karadžić , who created it based on phonemic principles. The Latin alphabet used for Serbian ( latinica )

220-527: Is based on the most widespread dialect of Serbo-Croatian, Shtokavian (more specifically on the dialects of Šumadija-Vojvodina and Eastern Herzegovina ), which is also the basis of standard Croatian , Bosnian , and Montenegrin varieties and therefore the Declaration on the Common Language of Croats, Bosniaks, Serbs, and Montenegrins was issued in 2017. The other dialect spoken by Serbs

264-591: Is closer to the Kajkavian and Chakavian dialects of Serbo-Croatian ). Speakers by country: Serbian was the official language of Montenegro until October 2007, when the new Constitution of Montenegro replaced the Constitution of 1992. Amid opposition from pro-Serbian parties, Montenegrin was made the sole official language of the country, and Serbian was given the status of a language in official use along with Bosnian , Albanian , and Croatian . In

308-530: Is shows that it was in accord with its time; for example, the Serbian Alexandride , a book about Alexander the Great , and a translation of Tristan and Iseult into Serbian. Although not belonging to the literature proper, the corpus of Serbian literacy in the 14th and 15th centuries contains numerous legal, commercial and administrative texts with marked presence of Serbian vernacular juxtaposed on

352-645: Is the standardized variety of the Serbo-Croatian language mainly used by Serbs . It is the official and national language of Serbia , one of the three official languages of Bosnia and Herzegovina and co-official in Montenegro and Kosovo . It is a recognized minority language in Croatia , North Macedonia , Romania , Hungary , Slovakia , and the Czech Republic . Standard Serbian

396-435: Is the only general historical dictionary of Serbo-Croatian. Its first editor was Đuro Daničić , followed by Pero Budmani and the famous Vukovian Tomislav Maretić . The sources of this dictionary are, especially in the first volumes, mainly Štokavian . There are older, pre-standard dictionaries, such as the 1791 German–Serbian dictionary or 15th century Arabic-Persian-Greek-Serbian Conversation Textbook . The standard and

440-849: The Universal Declaration of Human Rights in Serbian, written in the Cyrillic script : Сва људска бића рађају се слободна и једнака у достојанству и правима. Она су обдарена разумом и свешћу и треба једни према другима да поступају у духу братства. Article 1 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights in Serbian, written in the Latin alphabet : Sva ljudska bića rađaju se slobodna i jednaka u dostojanstvu i pravima. Ona su obdarena razumom i svešću i treba jedni prema drugima da postupaju u duhu bratstva. Article 1 of

484-569: The 2018 Belgrade City Assembly election , it merged with the civic group "Aleksandar Šapić – Mayor" to form SPAS. It later participated in the 2020 parliamentary election , winning 3.83% of the popular vote and 11 seats in the National Assembly . SPAS served as a part of the Serbian Progressive Party-led government until its dissolution. In early May 2021, SNS and SPAS began negotiating about SPAS merging into

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528-631: The Proto-Slavic language . There are many loanwords from different languages, reflecting cultural interaction throughout history. Notable loanwords were borrowed from Greek, Latin, Italian, Turkish, Hungarian, English, Russian, German, Czech and French. Serbian literature emerged in the Middle Ages , and included such works as Miroslavljevo jevanđelje ( Miroslav's Gospel ) in 1186 and Dušanov zakonik ( Dušan's Code ) in 1349. Little secular medieval literature has been preserved, but what there

572-532: The Universal Declaration of Human Rights in English: All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood. Ministry of Family Welfare and Demography (Serbia) At the time of the ministry's re-creation in 2020, it was noted that its purpose was to address issues relating to "family protection, marriage, population policy, family planning,

616-457: The official script of Serbia's administration by the 2006 Constitution . The Latin script continues to be used in official contexts, although the government has indicated its desire to phase out this practice due to national sentiment. The Ministry of Culture believes that Cyrillic is the "identity script" of the Serbian nation. However, the law does not regulate scripts in standard language , or standard language itself by any means, leaving

660-497: The president of Serbia and the leader of SNS, announced that he submitted a proposal to the presidency of the SNS, which was unanimously accepted, to form a working group that would start negotiations with SPAS and its leader Šapić about the unification of the two parties. On the same day, Šapić accepted Vučić's proposal. A meeting between Vučić and Šapić including high-party officials was held on 10 May. On 26 May, Šapić announced that SPAS

704-570: The 2020 election campaign, SPAS campaigned on promoting election transparency, decentralisation, independent judiciary , and the expansion of the healthcare system. SPAS was led by Aleksandar Šapić . The party had several bodies, including the assembly, main board, presidency, executive board, and political council. SPAS also had special organisational forms such as the Women's Network and Youth Network. Serbian language Serbian ( српски / srpski , pronounced [sr̩̂pskiː] )

748-488: The 2023 Montenegrin census, 43.18% declared Serbian to be their native language, while Montenegrin was declared by 34.52% of the population. Standard Serbian language uses both Cyrillic ( ћирилица , ćirilica ) and Latin script ( latinica , латиница ). Serbian is a rare example of synchronic digraphia , a situation where all literate members of a society have two interchangeable writing systems available to them. Media and publishers typically select one alphabet or

792-881: The Latin alphabet whereas 36% favors the Cyrillic one. Latin script has become more and more popular in Serbia, as it is easier to input on phones and computers. The sort order of the ćirilica ( ћирилица ) alphabet: The sort order of the latinica ( латиница ) alphabet: Serbian is a highly inflected language , with grammatical morphology for nouns, pronouns and adjectives as well as verbs. Serbian nouns are classified into three declensional types, denoted largely by their nominative case endings as "-a" type, "-i" and "-e" type. Into each of these declensional types may fall nouns of any of three genders : masculine, feminine or neuter. Each noun may be inflected to represent

836-410: The Latin script predominates, although both scripts are commonly seen. The Serbian government has encouraged increasing the use of Cyrillic in these contexts. Larger signs, especially those put up by the government, will often feature both alphabets; if the sign has English on it, then usually only Cyrillic is used for the Serbian text. A survey from 2014 showed that 47% of the Serbian population favors

880-450: The Latin script tends to imply a cosmopolitan or neutral attitude, while Cyrillic appeals to a more traditional or vintage sensibility. In media, the public broadcaster, Radio Television of Serbia , predominantly uses the Cyrillic script whereas the privately run broadcasters, like RTV Pink , predominantly use the Latin script. Newspapers can be found in both scripts. In the public sphere, with logos, outdoor signage and retail packaging,

924-484: The Serbian Progressive Party, and on 26 May it was announced to the public that the party had been dissolved. It was officially merged into the SNS three days later. The party's legal predecessor was founded in 2010 under the name of Movement of United Local Self-Governments (PULS), and it represented a local civic group from Kraljevo which was formed out of many local parties and movements. After

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968-483: The beginning of the 13th century, the entire official correspondence of Dubrovnik with states in the hinterland was conducted in Serbian. In the mid-15th century, Serbia was conquered by the Ottoman Empire and for the next 400 years there was no opportunity for the creation of secular written literature. However, some of the greatest literary works in Serbian come from this time, in the form of oral literature,

1012-439: The choice of script as a matter of personal preference and to the free will in all aspects of life (publishing, media, trade and commerce, etc.), except in government paperwork production and in official written communication with state officials, which have to be in Cyrillic. Traffic signs and directional signs, and place names, on main or international roads are to be written with both Cyrillic and Latin script To most Serbians,

1056-580: The early 19th century, Vuk Stefanović Karadžić promoted the spoken language of the people as a literary norm. The dialects of Serbo-Croatian , regarded Serbian (traditionally spoken in Serbia), include: Vuk Karadžić 's Srpski rječnik , first published in 1818, is the earliest dictionary of modern literary Serbian. The Rječnik hrvatskoga ili srpskoga jezika (I–XXIII), published by the Yugoslav Academy of Sciences and Arts from 1880 to 1976,

1100-475: The local government reshuffle, they became a part of the majority that governed the municipality. In early 2015, PULS became a part of the right-wing " Patriotic Bloc " coalition that was led by Dveri and the Democratic Party of Serbia . PULS left the coalition before the 2016 Serbian parliamentary election . One of the candidates in the 2018 Belgrade City Assembly election was Aleksandar Šapić ,

1144-482: The long-time president of the New Belgrade municipality and a former water polo player, who formed a citizen's group ( grupa građana ) for the election. Šapić formally announced that his coalition would cooperate with government and opposition parties. Šapić, however, opposed the unification of the opposition into one election coalition for the Belgrade City Assembly election. His group received 9% of

1188-570: The major 'levels' of language shows that BCS is clearly a single language with a single grammatical system." It has lower intelligibility with the Eastern South Slavic languages Bulgarian and Macedonian , than with Slovene (Slovene is part of the Western South Slavic subgroup, but there are still significant differences in vocabulary, grammar and pronunciation to the standardized forms of Serbo-Croatian, although it

1232-409: The major opposition Alliance for Serbia coalition. SPAS successfully filed their ballot under the name "Aleksandar Šapić – Victory for Serbia" to participate in the 2020 parliamentary election and it was accepted by RIK on 12 March. Shortly before the election, Šapić was interviewed by Južne vesti and rejected the speculation of becoming a subject to the ruling SNS. SPAS placed third and won 3.9% of

1276-605: The matrix of Serbian Church Slavonic . By the beginning of the 14th century the Serbo-Croatian language, which was so rigorously proscribed by earlier local laws, becomes the dominant language of the Republic of Ragusa . However, despite her wealthy citizens speaking the Serbo-Croatian dialect of Dubrovnik in their family circles, they sent their children to Florentine schools to become perfectly fluent in Italian. Since

1320-407: The most notable form being epic poetry . The epic poems were mainly written down in the 19th century, and preserved in oral tradition up to the 1950s, a few centuries or even a millennium longer than by most other "epic folks". Goethe and Jacob Grimm learned Serbian in order to read Serbian epic poetry in the original. By the end of the 18th century, the written literature had become estranged from

1364-474: The most positive sense of the word." The ministry issued a statement in November 2021 that every fifth inhabitant of Serbia is over sixty-five and that every seventh is under fourteen. During Dmitrović's tenure as minister, there was one secretary of state: Milka Milovanović Minić. In addition, Marija Leković and Aleksandra Čamagić were assistant ministers. As of January 2022, there were four sectors in

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1408-596: The most seats; Šapić was re-elected president of New Belgrade. Five members of the local city assembly of Kragujevac , led by Veroljub Stevanović , defected from the Healthy Serbia – Together for Šumadija coalition to join SPAS in late November 2020. In April 2021, SPAS participated in the interparty dialogues on electoral conditions. They declined to participate in talks on electoral conditions with European Parliament representatives. On 5 May 2021, Aleksandar Vučić ,

1452-415: The noun they modify, but must agree in number, gender and case with the modified noun. Serbian verbs are conjugated in four past forms— perfect , aorist , imperfect , and pluperfect —of which the last two have a very limited use (imperfect is still used in some dialects, but the majority of native Serbian speakers consider it archaic), one future tense (also known as the first future tense, as opposed to

1496-517: The noun's grammatical case , of which Serbian has seven: Nouns are further inflected to represent the noun's number , singular or plural. Pronouns, when used, are inflected along the same case and number morphology as nouns. Serbian is a pro-drop language , meaning that pronouns may be omitted from a sentence when their meaning is easily inferred from the text. In cases where pronouns may be dropped, they may also be used to add emphasis. For example: Adjectives in Serbian may be placed before or after

1540-682: The only completed etymological dictionary of Serbian is the " Skok ", written by the Croatian linguist Petar Skok : Etimologijski rječnik hrvatskoga ili srpskoga jezika ("Etymological Dictionary of Croatian or Serbian"). I-IV. Zagreb 1971–1974. There is also a new monumental Etimološki rečnik srpskog jezika (Etymological Dictionary of Serbian). So far, two volumes have been published: I (with words on A-), and II (Ba-Bd). There are specialized etymological dictionaries for German, Italian, Croatian, Turkish, Greek, Hungarian, Russian, English and other loanwords (cf. chapter word origin ). Article 1 of

1584-400: The other. In general, the alphabets are used interchangeably; except in the legal sphere, where Cyrillic is required, there is no context where one alphabet or another predominates. Although Serbian language authorities have recognized the official status of both scripts in contemporary Standard Serbian for more than half of a century now, due to historical reasons, the Cyrillic script was made

1628-598: The popular vote and 11 seats in the National Assembly of Serbia . Šapić negotiated with SNS after the elections, and accepted to join the new government in October 2020. Ratko Dmitrović , nominated by SPAS, became the new minister of family welfare and demography . Vladan Glišić , also elected on behalf of SPAS, left the party and served as an independent due to joining the government. In early October 2020, elections were held in New Belgrade in which Šapić's SPAS won

1672-543: The popular vote and 12 seats in the City Assembly . Shortly after the election, Šapić and senior leaders of PULS announced the reformation of PULS under the name of Serbian Patriotic Alliance (SPAS). This change was done without the participation of the president of PULS. In August 2018, Šapić said that one of the party's principles would be to run independently in future elections, without participating in pre-election coalitions. However, in late 2019, SPAS tried to form

1716-406: The promotion and development of demographic policy, birth rate, and quality and life expectancy." Ratko Dmitrović was appointed as minister two days later when Ana Brnabić 's second cabinet was constituted. After his appointment as minister, Dmitrović said that Serbia's low birth rate should be targeted by both material incentives and by what he described as promoting "the cult of the family in

1760-413: The second conditional (without use in the spoken language—it should be used for impossible conditional clauses). Serbian has active and passive voice . As for the non-finite verb forms, Serbian has one infinitive , two adjectival participles (the active and the passive), and two adverbial participles (the present and the past). Most Serbian words are of native Slavic lexical stock, tracing back to

1804-433: The second future tense or the future exact, which is considered a tense of the conditional mood by some contemporary linguists), and one present tense . These are the tenses of the indicative mood. Apart from the indicative mood, there is also the imperative mood . The conditional mood has two more tenses: the first conditional (commonly used in conditional clauses, both for possible and impossible conditional clauses) and

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1848-466: The spoken language. In the second half of the 18th century, the new language appeared, called Slavonic-Serbian . This artificial idiom superseded the works of poets and historians like Gavrilo Stefanović Venclović , who wrote in essentially modern Serbian in the 1720s. These vernacular compositions have remained cloistered from the general public and received due attention only with the advent of modern literary historians and writers like Milorad Pavić . In

1892-571: Was designed by the Croatian linguist Ljudevit Gaj in the 1830s based on the Czech system with a one-to-one grapheme-phoneme correlation between the Cyrillic and Latin orthographies, resulting in a parallel system. Serbian is a standardized variety of Serbo-Croatian , a Slavic language ( Indo-European ), of the South Slavic subgroup. Other standardized forms of Serbo-Croatian are Bosnian , Croatian , and Montenegrin . "An examination of all

1936-408: Was dissolved after the approval of the main board. On 29 May, at a SNS session, Šapić was elected vice-president of the party, and a declaration between SPAS and the SNS was also formulated. On 7 June, it was announced that the former MPs of SPAS had formally joined For Our Children , the SNS parliamentary group. SPAS was a conservative and right-wing populist party. Journalists positioned SPAS as

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