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84-611: ServiceNow, Inc. is an American software company based in Santa Clara, California , that develops a cloud computing platform to help companies manage digital workflows for enterprise operations. Founded in 2003 by Fred Luddy , ServiceNow is listed on the New York Stock Exchange and is a constituent of the Russell 1000 Index and S&P 500 Index . In 2018, Forbes magazine named it number one on its list of

168-409: A US$ 210 million IPO . Shortly thereafter, the company relocated its headquarters from San Diego to Santa Clara, California . It was taken public by Morgan Stanley one month after it took Facebook public. In October 2019, the company announced that CEO John Donahoe would be succeeded by Bill McDermott , formerly CEO of SAP SE at the end of the calendar year. In May 2023, Nvidia announced

252-455: A dashboard . Information visualization , on the other hand, deals with multiple, large-scale and complicated datasets which contain quantitative (numerical) data as well as qualitative (non-numerical, i.e. verbal or graphical) and primarily abstract information and its goal is to add value to raw data, improve the viewers' comprehension, reinforce their cognition and help them derive insights and make decisions as they navigate and interact with

336-407: A June 2014 presentation. These included: a) Knowing your audience; b) Designing graphics that can stand alone outside the report's context; and c) Designing graphics that communicate the key messages in the report. Author Stephen Few described eight types of quantitative messages that users may attempt to understand or communicate from a set of data and the associated graphs used to help communicate

420-480: A bar chart (which takes advantage of line length to show comparison) rather than pie charts (which use surface area to show comparison). Almost all data visualizations are created for human consumption. Knowledge of human perception and cognition is necessary when designing intuitive visualizations. Cognition refers to processes in human beings like perception, attention, learning, memory, thought, concept formation, reading, and problem solving. Human visual processing

504-499: A certain issue and storytelling are not as important. The field of data and information visualization is of interdisciplinary nature as it incorporates principles found in the disciplines of descriptive statistics (as early as the 18th century), visual communication , graphic design , cognitive science and, more recently, interactive computer graphics and human-computer interaction . Since effective visualization requires design skills, statistical skills and computing skills, it

588-422: A decision or taking an action in order to create business value . This can be contrasted with the field of statistical graphics , where complex statistical data are communicated graphically in an accurate and precise manner among researchers and analysts with statistical expertise to help them perform exploratory data analysis or to convey the results of such analyses, where visual appeal, capturing attention to

672-449: A female householder with no husband present, 2,038 (4.7%) had a male householder with no wife present. There were 2,146 (5.0%) unmarried opposite-sex partnerships , and 312 (0.7%) same-sex married couples or partnerships . 10,906 households (25.4%) were made up of individuals, and 2,945 (6.8%) had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.63. There were 27,936 families (64.9% of all households);

756-449: A function of the time. For this purpose, the zone of the zodiac was represented on a plane with a horizontal line divided into thirty parts as the time or longitudinal axis. The vertical axis designates the width of the zodiac. The horizontal scale appears to have been chosen for each planet individually for the periods cannot be reconciled. The accompanying text refers only to the amplitudes. The curves are apparently not related in time. By

840-778: A meaningful analysis or visualization: The distinction between quantitative and categorical variables is important because the two types require different methods of visualization. Two primary types of information displays are tables and graphs. Eppler and Lengler have developed the "Periodic Table of Visualization Methods," an interactive chart displaying various data visualization methods. It includes six types of data visualization methods: data, information, concept, strategy, metaphor and compound. In "Visualization Analysis and Design" Tamara Munzner writes "Computer-based visualization systems provide visual representations of datasets designed to help people carry out tasks more effectively." Munzner agues that visualization "is suitable when there

924-510: A meaningful and non-distracting manner. The visuals are accompanied by supporting texts (labels and titles). These verbal and graphical components complement each other to ensure clear, quick and memorable understanding. Effective information visualization is aware of the needs and concerns and the level of expertise of the target audience, deliberately guiding them to the intended conclusion. Such effective visualization can be used not only for conveying specialized, complex, big data-driven ideas to

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1008-476: A means of data exploration . Studies have shown individuals used on average 19% less cognitive resources, and 4.5% better able to recall details when comparing data visualization with text. The modern study of visualization started with computer graphics , which "has from its beginning been used to study scientific problems. However, in its early days the lack of graphics power often limited its usefulness. The recent emphasis on visualization started in 1987 with

1092-402: A more intuitive way. Yet designers often fail to achieve a balance between form and function, creating gorgeous data visualizations which fail to serve their main purpose — to communicate information". Indeed, Fernanda Viegas and Martin M. Wattenberg suggested that an ideal visualization should not only communicate clearly, but stimulate viewer engagement and attention. Data visualization

1176-522: A partnership with ServiceNow to bring AI services to major corporations. This partnership aims to utilize company-specific data in the new AI service, distinguishing it from the AI advancements made by OpenAI and ChatGPT. Over a thousand ServiceNow instances were reported to be leaking corporate Knowledge Base data in 2024. ServiceNow had released an update for ACL's (Access Control Lists) in 2023 but this problem still persisted for Knowledge Base data in 2024. In

1260-553: A population of 116,468. The population density was 6,327.3 inhabitants per square mile (2,443.0/km ). The ethnic makeup of Santa Clara was 52,359 (45.0%) White , 3,154 (2.7%) African American , 579 (0.5%) Native American , 43,889 (37.7%) Asian (13.6% Indian, 6.9% Chinese, 6.2% Filipino, 3.9% Vietnamese, 3.0% Korean, 1.5% Japanese), 651 (0.6%) Pacific Islander , 9,624 (8.3%) from other races , and 6,212 (5.3%) from two or more races. There were 22,598 people (19.4%) who identified as Hispanic or Latino ; 14.6% of Santa Clara's population

1344-459: A quantitative message. Effective visualization helps users analyze and reason about data and evidence. It makes complex data more accessible, understandable, and usable, but can also be reductive. Users may have particular analytical tasks, such as making comparisons or understanding causality , and the design principle of the graphic (i.e., showing comparisons or showing causality) follows the task. Tables are generally used where users will look up

1428-478: A specific measurement, while charts of various types are used to show patterns or relationships in the data for one or more variables. Data visualization refers to the techniques used to communicate data or information by encoding it as visual objects (e.g., points, lines, or bars) contained in graphics. The goal is to communicate information clearly and efficiently to users. It is one of the steps in data analysis or data science . According to Vitaly Friedman (2008)

1512-423: A two-dimensional surface tells a story that can be grasped immediately while identifying the source data to build credibility. Tufte wrote in 1983 that: "It may well be the best statistical graphic ever drawn." Not applying these principles may result in misleading graphs , distorting the message, or supporting an erroneous conclusion. According to Tufte, chartjunk refers to the extraneous interior decoration of

1596-591: A visualization of information regarding Late Bronze Age era trades in the Mediterranean. The idea of coordinates was used by ancient Egyptian surveyors in laying out towns, earthly and heavenly positions were located by something akin to latitude and longitude at least by 200 BC, and the map projection of a spherical Earth into latitude and longitude by Claudius Ptolemy [ c.  85 – c.  165 ] in Alexandria would serve as reference standards until

1680-432: A wider group of non-technical audience in a visually appealing, engaging and accessible manner, but also to domain experts and executives for making decisions, monitoring performance, generating new ideas and stimulating research. In addition, data scientists, data analysts and data mining specialists use data visualization to check the quality of data, find errors, unusual gaps and missing values in data, clean data, explore

1764-598: Is a city in Santa Clara County in the state of California . The city's population was 127,647 at the 2020 census , making it the eighth-most populous city in the Bay Area . Located in the southern Bay Area , the city was founded by the Spanish in 1777 with the establishment of Mission Santa Clara de Asís under the leadership of Junípero Serra . Santa Clara is located in the center of Silicon Valley and

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1848-411: Is a need to augment human capabilities rather than replace people with computational decision-making methods." Variable-width ("variwide") bar chart Orthogonal (orthogonal composite) bar chart Interactive data visualization enables direct actions on a graphical plot to change elements and link between multiple plots. Interactive data visualization has been a pursuit of statisticians since

1932-628: Is also home to California's Great America , an amusement park currently operated by Cedar Fair, L.P. Nearby is the Santa Clara Convention Center , one of Silicon Valley's largest event and meeting venues. Santa Clara also offers several museums such as the Intel Museum , Triton Museum of Art , and the Harris – Lass historical house. The Our Lady of Peace Shrine is notable for its 32-foot-tall (9.8 m) statue which

2016-486: Is argued by authors such as Gershon and Page that it is both an art and a science. The neighboring field of visual analytics marries statistical data analysis, data and information visualization and human analytical reasoning through interactive visual interfaces to help human users reach conclusions, gain actionable insights and make informed decisions which are otherwise difficult for computers to do. Research into how people read and misread various types of visualizations

2100-406: Is closely related to information graphics , information visualization , scientific visualization , exploratory data analysis and statistical graphics . In the new millennium, data visualization has become an active area of research, teaching and development. According to Post et al. (2002), it has united scientific and information visualization. In the commercial environment data visualization

2184-695: Is concerned with visually presenting sets of primarily quantitative raw data in a schematic form. The visual formats used in data visualization include tables , charts and graphs (e.g. pie charts , bar charts , line charts , area charts , cone charts , pyramid charts , donut charts , histograms , spectrograms , cohort charts , waterfall charts , funnel charts , bullet graphs , etc.), diagrams , plots (e.g. scatter plots , distribution plots , box-and-whisker plots ), geospatial maps (such as proportional symbol maps , choropleth maps , isopleth maps and heat maps ), figures, correlation matrices , percentage gauges , etc., which sometimes can be combined in

2268-521: Is efficient in detecting changes and making comparisons between quantities, sizes, shapes and variations in lightness. When properties of symbolic data are mapped to visual properties, humans can browse through large amounts of data efficiently. It is estimated that 2/3 of the brain's neurons can be involved in visual processing. Proper visualization provides a different approach to show potential connections, relationships, etc. which are not as obvious in non-visualized quantitative data. Visualization can become

2352-518: Is helping to determine what types and features of visualizations are most understandable and effective in conveying information. On the other hand, unintentionally poor or intentionally misleading and deceptive visualizations ( misinformative visualization ) can function as powerful tools which disseminate misinformation , manipulate public perception and divert public opinion toward a certain agenda. Thus data visualization literacy has become an important component of data and information literacy in

2436-578: Is home to the headquarters of companies such as Intel , Advanced Micro Devices , and Nvidia . It is also home to Santa Clara University , the oldest university in California, and Levi's Stadium , the home of the National Football League 's San Francisco 49ers , and Six Flags Entertainment Corporation 's California's Great America Park. Santa Clara is bordered by San Jose on all sides, except for Sunnyvale and Cupertino to

2520-468: Is known as the CMDB, Configuration management database . The CMDB holds all enterprise data, including master , transactional , and configuration data. In practical terms, any assets that are part of a business, from data centers, employees, to employee laptops, are known as 'CI Items' in the CMDB. These components, which make up an enterprise, can be configured, tracked, audited, and the relationships between

2604-639: Is listed in the National Register of Historic Places . In 1963, Santa Clara City Council voted to knock down the eight-block grid of Downtown Santa Clara, in order to receive federal funding for urban renewal . Since 2017, there has been a grassroots movement to rebuild Santa Clara's historic downtown. Santa Clara is drained by three seasonal creeks, all of which empty into the southern portion of San Francisco Bay ; these creeks are San Tomas Aquino Creek , Saratoga Creek , and Calabazas Creek . There are some significant biological resources within

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2688-799: Is not a modern development. Since prehistory, stellar data, or information such as location of stars were visualized on the walls of caves (such as those found in Lascaux Cave in Southern France) since the Pleistocene era. Physical artefacts such as Mesopotamian clay tokens (5500 BC), Inca quipus (2600 BC) and Marshall Islands stick charts (n.d.) can also be considered as visualizing quantitative information. The first documented data visualization can be tracked back to 1160 B.C. with Turin Papyrus Map which accurately illustrates

2772-424: Is often referred to as dashboards . Infographics are another very common form of data visualization. The greatest value of a picture is when it forces us to notice what we never expected to see. John Tukey Edward Tufte has explained that users of information displays are executing particular analytical tasks such as making comparisons. The design principle of the information graphic should support

2856-661: Is represented in California's 17th congressional district for the U.S. House of Representatives , currently represented by Ro Khanna ( D ). In the California Legislature , Santa Clara is part of California's 10th State Senate district and California's 26th State Assembly district , represented in the Senate by Aisha Wahab ( D ) and in the Assembly by Evan Low ( D ). The city operates

2940-717: Is the most reliant on the cognitive skills of human analysts, and allows the discovery of unstructured actionable insights that are limited only by human imagination and creativity. The analyst does not have to learn any sophisticated methods to be able to interpret the visualizations of the data. Information visualization is also a hypothesis generation scheme, which can be, and is typically followed by more analytical or formal analysis, such as statistical hypothesis testing. To communicate information clearly and efficiently, data visualization uses statistical graphics , plots , information graphics and other tools. Numerical data may be encoded using dots, lines, or bars, to visually communicate

3024-606: Is visible from Highway 101 . The Mission City Center for Performing Arts is the city's venue for theatrical productions and entertainment. The Santa Clara Broncos are the Division I NCAA athletic programs of Santa Clara University . Santa Clara sponsors 19 different teams, most of which compete in the West Coast Conference . The red and white of the Santa Clara Broncos is featured on the flag of

3108-749: The Santa Clara City Library , which is not part of the Santa Clara County Library District . Santa Clara Unified School District is the public school district that serves Santa Clara and small portions of Sunnyvale and North San Jose. The city is home to nineteen K–8, elementary, and high schools. Many of the schools are named for former farmers, ranchers, and other notable Santa Clara residents such as Bowers and Bracher elementary schools, Buchser Middle School, Wilcox High School , Santa Clara High School , and Mission Early College High School. A small part of

3192-640: The information age akin to the roles played by textual , mathematical and visual literacy in the past. The field of data and information visualization has emerged "from research in human–computer interaction , computer science , graphics , visual design , psychology , and business methods . It is increasingly applied as a critical component in scientific research, digital libraries , data mining , financial data analysis, market studies, manufacturing production control , and drug discovery ". Data and information visualization presumes that "visual representations and interaction techniques take advantage of

3276-428: The "main goal of data visualization is to communicate information clearly and effectively through graphical means. It doesn't mean that data visualization needs to look boring to be functional or extremely sophisticated to look beautiful. To convey ideas effectively, both aesthetic form and functionality need to go hand in hand, providing insights into a rather sparse and complex data set by communicating its key aspects in

3360-404: The 14th century. The invention of paper and parchment allowed further development of visualizations throughout history. Figure shows a graph from the 10th or possibly 11th century that is intended to be an illustration of the planetary movement, used in an appendix of a textbook in monastery schools. The graph apparently was meant to represent a plot of the inclinations of the planetary orbits as

3444-420: The 16th century, techniques and instruments for precise observation and measurement of physical quantities, and geographic and celestial position were well-developed (for example, a "wall quadrant" constructed by Tycho Brahe [1546–1601], covering an entire wall in his observatory). Particularly important were the development of triangulation and other methods to determine mapping locations accurately. Very early,

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3528-472: The Minard diagram shows the losses suffered by Napoleon's army in the 1812–1813 period. Six variables are plotted: the size of the army, its location on a two-dimensional surface (x and y), time, the direction of movement, and temperature. The line width illustrates a comparison (size of the army at points in time), while the temperature axis suggests a cause of the change in army size. This multivariate display on

3612-668: The analytical task. As William Cleveland and Robert McGill show, different graphical elements accomplish this more or less effectively. For example, dot plots and bar charts outperform pie charts. In his 1983 book The Visual Display of Quantitative Information , Edward Tufte defines 'graphical displays' and principles for effective graphical display in the following passage: "Excellence in statistical graphics consists of complex ideas communicated with clarity, precision, and efficiency. Graphical displays should: Graphics reveal data. Indeed, graphics can be more precise and revealing than conventional statistical computations." For example,

3696-681: The average family size was 3.18. The age distribution of the population was as follows: 24,774 people (21.3%) were under the age of 18, 12,511 people (10.7%) aged 18 to 24, 41,876 people (36.0%) aged 25 to 44, 25,628 people (22.0%) aged 45 to 64, and 11,679 people (10.0%) who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 34.1 years. For every 100 females, there were 102.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 100.9 males. There were 45,147 housing units at an average density of 2,452.7 units per square mile (947.0 units/km ), of which 19,747 (45.9%) were owner-occupied, and 23,274 (54.1%) were occupied by renters. The homeowner vacancy rate

3780-594: The bounds of data visualization; Tukey with his new statistical approach of exploratory data analysis and Tufte with his book "The Visual Display of Quantitative Information" paved the way for refining data visualization techniques for more than statisticians. With the progression of technology came the progression of data visualization; starting with hand-drawn visualizations and evolving into more technical applications – including interactive designs leading to software visualization. Programs like SAS , SOFA , R , Minitab , Cornerstone and more allow for data visualization in

3864-719: The city and its residents. As a result, the going rate for electricity in Santa Clara is considerably cheaper than that offered by Northern California's dominant utility, Pacific Gas and Electric . Advanced Micro Devices (AMD) , Affymetrix , Agilent Technologies , Applied Materials , Arista Networks , Aruba , Auditoria.AI, Brillio , Chegg , Cloudera , Coherent , FileMaker , Hortonworks , Infoblox , Intel , Intevac , Marvell , McAfee , Move inc , National Semiconductor , Nvidia , OmniVision , Ooyala , Palo Alto Networks , Rovi , ServiceNow , SVB Financial Group , Trident Microsystems and Veritas Technologies are among

3948-574: The city covers an area of 18.4 square miles (48 km ), all of it land. The average daily temperatures in July range from 82 °F (28 °C) to 53 °F (12 °C). Winters are mild, with the mean daily temperatures in January ranging from 58 °F (14 °C) to 38 °F (3 °C). Most of the annual rainfall comes in the winter months; the summer months are generally rainless. The 2010 United States census reported that Santa Clara had

4032-973: The city however is served by Cupertino High School and its feeder schools in the nearby town of its namesake. Private schools in Santa Clara include three Catholic schools operated by the Roman Catholic Diocese of San Jose — Saint Clare School (the oldest elementary school in California), Saint Lawrence Elementary and Middle School, and Saint Justin School — and the Granada Islamic School ( Islamic school, grades K-12). Colleges and universities in Santa Clara include Santa Clara University (private Jesuit university), Mission College (public community college), UC Santa Cruz Silicon Valley extension campus, and Golden State Baptist College (private Baptist college). Santa Clara

4116-404: The city including habitat for the burrowing owl , a species of special concern in California due to reduction in habitat from urban development during the latter 20th century. This owl uses burrows created by ground squirrels and prefers generally level grasslands and even disturbed areas. Coyotes have also become active in the area in recent years. According to the U.S. Census Bureau ,

4200-546: The city, as is the Mission which lies at the heart of the campus. The George F. Haines International Swim Center is home and host to numerous local, regional, and international competitive swimming matches. The Santa Clara Vanguard , a competitive marching music organization, has been headquartered in Santa Clara since its inception. The organization runs and operates a winter guard , an indoor percussion ensemble , and two drum and bugle corps , all of which compete across

4284-687: The companies headquartered in Santa Clara. The North American offices of Bandai Namco Entertainment (formerly Namco ) was in Santa Clara until its consolidation with its existing offices in Irvine, California . According to the city's 2022 Annual Comprehensive Financial Report, the top employers in the city are: The current mayor of Santa Clara is Lisa M. Gillmor. Its city councilmembers are: Kathy Watanabe (District 1), Raj Chahal (District 2), Karen Hardy (District 3), Kevin Park (District 4), Suds Jain (District 5), and Anthony Becker (District 6). Santa Clara

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4368-413: The company had 275 employees in its San Diego, Chicago, New York, Atlanta, London and Frankfurt offices, as well as a partnership with Accenture who had more than 100 ServiceNow consultants. At this time, the company was sometimes known as "Service-now". By April 2011, the company had named Frank Slootman as chief executive officer . In June 2012, ServiceNow became a publicly traded company following

4452-517: The computer-supported graphical display. Visual tools used in information visualization include maps (such as tree maps ), animations , infographics , Sankey diagrams , flow charts , network diagrams , semantic networks , entity-relationship diagrams , venn diagrams , timelines , mind maps , etc. Emerging technologies like virtual , augmented and mixed reality have the potential to make information visualization more immersive, intuitive, interactive and easily manipulable and thus enhance

4536-435: The country every year. All four ensembles have been very successful competitively, especially the two drum corps, one of which has won 6 Open Class titles and the other 7 World Class titles. The San Francisco 49ers National Football League football team has its headquarters and practice facilities in Santa Clara. On Wednesday, November 8, 2006, the 49ers announced their intention to move the team to Santa Clara in time for

4620-624: The distribution of geological resources and provides information about quarrying of those resources. Such maps can be categorized as thematic cartography , which is a type of data visualization that presents and communicates specific data and information through a geographical illustration designed to show a particular theme connected with a specific geographic area. Earliest documented forms of data visualization were various thematic maps from different cultures and ideograms and hieroglyphs that provided and allowed interpretation of information illustrated. For example, Linear B tablets of Mycenae provided

4704-504: The fall 2014 season, after negotiations failed with the city of San Francisco to build a new stadium. Santa Clara will host multiple matches during the 2026 FIFA World Cup at Levi's Stadium . Santa Clara has two major train stations: the Santa Clara – Great America station and the Santa Clara station . Both stations are served by Amtrak 's Capitol Corridor train and the Altamont Corridor Express (ACE);

4788-462: The fertile soil. By the beginning of the 20th century, the population had reached 5,000 and stayed about the same for many years. In 1905, the first public high-altitude flights by humans were made over Santa Clara in gliders designed by John J. Montgomery . The semiconductor industry , which sprouted around 1960, changed the city and surrounding Valley of Heart's Delight ; little of its agricultural past remains. Santa Clara's first medical hospital

4872-477: The field of statistics. Other data visualization applications, more focused and unique to individuals, programming languages such as D3 , Python and JavaScript help to make the visualization of quantitative data a possibility. Private schools have also developed programs to meet the demand for learning data visualization and associated programming libraries, including free programs like The Data Incubator or paid programs like General Assembly . Beginning with

4956-465: The first presentation graphics. There is no comprehensive 'history' of data visualization. There are no accounts that span the entire development of visual thinking and the visual representation of data, and which collate the contributions of disparate disciplines. Michael Friendly and Daniel J Denis of York University are engaged in a project that attempts to provide a comprehensive history of visualization. Contrary to general belief, data visualization

5040-487: The goal is to render realistic images based on physical and spatial scientific data to confirm or reject hypotheses ( confirmatory visualization ). Effective data visualization is properly sourced, contextualized, simple and uncluttered. The underlying data is accurate and up-to-date to make sure that insights are reliable. Graphical items are well-chosen for the given datasets and aesthetically appealing, with shapes, colors and other visual elements used deliberately in

5124-456: The graphic that does not enhance the message or gratuitous three-dimensional or perspective effects. Needlessly separating the explanatory key from the image itself, requiring the eye to travel back and forth from the image to the key, is a form of "administrative debris." The ratio of "data to ink" should be maximized, erasing non-data ink where feasible. The Congressional Budget Office summarized several best practices for graphical displays in

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5208-571: The groundwork for what we now conceptualize as data. According to the Interaction Design Foundation, these developments allowed and helped William Playfair , who saw potential for graphical communication of quantitative data, to generate and develop graphical methods of statistics. In the second half of the 20th century, Jacques Bertin used quantitative graphs to represent information "intuitively, clearly, accurately, and efficiently". John Tukey and Edward Tufte pushed

5292-779: The human eye's broad bandwidth pathway into the mind to allow users to see, explore, and understand large amounts of information at once. Information visualization focused on the creation of approaches for conveying abstract information in intuitive ways." Data analysis is an indispensable part of all applied research and problem solving in industry. The most fundamental data analysis approaches are visualization (histograms, scatter plots, surface plots, tree maps, parallel coordinate plots, etc.), statistics ( hypothesis test , regression , PCA , etc.), data mining ( association mining , etc.), and machine learning methods ( clustering , classification , decision trees , etc.). Among these approaches, information visualization, or visual data analysis,

5376-502: The last battles of the Conquest of California , was fought between a contingent of Californios , led by Francisco Sánchez , against the invading American forces. In 1851, Santa Clara College was established on the grounds of the original Mission. In 1852, Santa Clara was incorporated as a town; it became state-chartered by 1862. For the next century, the economy centered on agriculture since orchards and vegetables were thriving in

5460-513: The late 1960s. Examples of the developments can be found on the American Statistical Association video lending library. Common interactions include: There are different approaches on the scope of data visualization. One common focus is on information presentation, such as Friedman (2008). Friendly (2008) presumes two main parts of data visualization: statistical graphics , and thematic cartography . In this line

5544-462: The latter is also served by Caltrain . The city is served by the VTA light rail system, which operates four stations: Reamwood station , Old Ironsides station , Great America station , and Lick Mill station . Santa Clara is located adjacent to San Jose International Airport . As of May 2015 , Santa Clara has three sister cities : Data and information visualization Data visualization

5628-452: The measure of time led scholars to develop innovative way of visualizing the data (e.g. Lorenz Codomann in 1596, Johannes Temporarius in 1596 ). French philosopher and mathematician René Descartes and Pierre de Fermat developed analytic geometry and two-dimensional coordinate system which heavily influenced the practical methods of displaying and calculating values. Fermat and Blaise Pascal 's work on statistics and probability theory laid

5712-593: The message: Analysts reviewing a set of data may consider whether some or all of the messages and graphic types above are applicable to their task and audience. The process of trial and error to identify meaningful relationships and messages in the data is part of exploratory data analysis . A human can distinguish differences in line length, shape, orientation, distances, and color (hue) readily without significant processing effort; these are referred to as " pre-attentive attributes ". For example, it may require significant time and effort ("attentive processing") to identify

5796-700: The month of October in 2024, the company announced its plans to invest $ 1.5 billion in the UK Its data centers are located in the cities of London and Newport in that country. As of Dec 2023, the number of employees in ServiceNow is estimated to be around 23,000. ServiceNow is a platform-as-a-service , that allows for the operation of enterprise and technical management support systems, such as IT service management and help desk functionality. The company's core business revolves around management of "incident, problem, and change" IT operational events. Their fee model

5880-462: The number of times the digit "5" appears in a series of numbers; but if that digit is different in size, orientation, or color, instances of the digit can be noted quickly through pre-attentive processing. Compelling graphics take advantage of pre-attentive processing and attributes and the relative strength of these attributes. For example, since humans can more easily process differences in line length than surface area, it may be more effective to use

5964-525: The platform is that many of these modules are interconnected, such as the IRM suite (Integrated Risk Management), which will automatically create issues and assign tickets based on various risk and audit findings, findings that can be found through the manual or automated performance of different activities such as evidence requests. There is also a data and information visualization report creator called Performance Analytics. The ServiceNow platform resides on what

6048-399: The program develops new interdisciplinary approaches to complex science problems, combining design thinking and the latest methods from computing, user-centered design, interaction design and 3D graphics. Data visualization involves specific terminology, some of which is derived from statistics. For example, author Stephen Few defines two types of data, which are used in combination to support

6132-576: The special issue of Computer Graphics on Visualization in Scientific Computing . Since then there have been several conferences and workshops, co-sponsored by the IEEE Computer Society and ACM SIGGRAPH ". They have been devoted to the general topics of data visualization , information visualization and scientific visualization , and more specific areas such as volume visualization . In 1786, William Playfair published

6216-419: The structures and features of data and assess outputs of data-driven models. In business , data and information visualization can constitute a part of data storytelling , where they are paired with a coherent narrative structure or storyline to contextualize the analyzed data and communicate the insights gained from analyzing the data clearly and memorably with the goal of convincing the audience into making

6300-658: The symposium "Data to Discovery" in 2013, ArtCenter College of Design, Caltech and JPL in Pasadena have run an annual program on interactive data visualization. The program asks: How can interactive data visualization help scientists and engineers explore their data more effectively? How can computing, design, and design thinking help maximize research results? What methodologies are most effective for leveraging knowledge from these fields? By encoding relational information with appropriate visual and interactive characteristics to help interrogate, and ultimately gain new insight into data,

6384-402: The user's visual perception and cognition . In data and information visualization, the goal is to graphically present and explore abstract, non-physical and non-spatial data collected from databases , information systems , file systems , documents , business data , etc. ( presentational and exploratory visualization ) which is different from the field of scientific visualization , where

6468-556: The various CI items can be assessed. ServiceNow script is written in JavaScript , with database queries being made using a proprietary object-oriented API called Glide. In July 2023, the company released a generative AI speech-to-code feature, which the marketing research firm Valoir estimated could reduce relevant work time by 40 percent. Santa Clara, California Santa Clara ( / ˌ s æ n t ə ˈ k l ær ə / SAN -tə KLARR -ə ; Spanish for " Saint Clare ")

6552-593: The west. Prior to the arrival of Europeans in the 18th century, the Tamien tribe of the Ohlone nation of Indigenous Californians had inhabited the area for several millennia. The first European to visit the valley was José Francisco Ortega in 1769. The Spanish began to colonize California with 21 missions , and the Mission Santa Clara de Asís was founded in 1777. The Battle of Santa Clara , one of

6636-495: The world's most innovative companies. ServiceNow was founded as Glidesoft, Inc. in 2003 by Fred Luddy , and later incorporated in California in 2004. Luddy had previously served as chief technology officer for Peregrine Systems , an enterprise software company based in San Diego, until 2002. In founding the company, Luddy intended to provide the same services previously available from the then defunct Peregrine Systems. Luddy

6720-505: Was 1.3%; the rental vacancy rate was 4.6%. 53,694 people (46.1% of the population) lived in owner-occupied housing units and 59,578 people (51.2%) lived in rental housing units. Santa Clara owns and operates an electric utility called Silicon Valley Power . In 2005 Silicon Valley Power brought online the Donald Von Raesfeld (DVR) Power Plant . The new combined cycle gas turbine plant produces 147 megawatts of electricity for

6804-469: Was based on a cost per user (seat) per month, with that cost ranging down from US$ 100 . The platform is packaged into different suites of applications called "modules", which are tailored to various business processes. Some of these areas include Governance, risk management, and compliance , audit , business continuity planning , disaster recovery , vendor management , and environmental, social, and corporate governance . A commonly referred to benefit of

6888-495: Was built in 1963. This structure, on Kiely Boulevard, was replaced in 2007 with a new Kaiser Permanente medical center located on Lawrence Expressway at Homestead Road. Santa Clara was also home to a major mental health facility, Agnews State Hospital . According to the National Park Service, more than 100 persons were killed at this site in the 1906 earthquake. The site is the former home to Sun Microsystems and

6972-406: Was of Mexican ancestry. The Census reported that 113,272 people (97.3% of the population) lived in households, 2,860 (2.5%) lived in non-institutionalized group quarters, and 336 (0.3%) were institutionalized. There were 43,021 households, out of which 14,477 (33.7%) had children under the age of 18 living in them, 21,817 (50.7%) were opposite-sex married couples living together, 4,081 (9.5%) had

7056-487: Was the only employee until mid-2005 when US$ 2.5 million in venture financing from JMI Equity allowed Glidesoft to hire five additional people. In 2006, the company changed its name to Service-Now.com. In 2007, ServiceNow reported an annual revenue of US$ 13 million and opened its first Silicon Valley office, in San Jose . 2007 was also the first year that the company "went cash flow positive". As of January 2011,

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