59-478: Shanghai Express may refer to: Shanghai Express (film) , a 1932 film starring Marlene Dietrich, Clive Brook, and Anna May Wong Shanghai Express , an alternate title for Millionaires Express , a 1986 film directed by Sammo Hung Shanghai Express (ship) , a container ship Shanghai Express (novel), a 1935 Chinese novel by Zhang Henshui , translated into English by William Lyell in 1997 Topics referred to by
118-661: A governor-general . From 1910 to 1945, Japanese-administered Korea had a governor-general . From 1905 to 1910, Japan had a resident-general in Korea . From 1610 to 1942 the Dutch appointed a gouverneur-generaal ("governor-general") to govern the Netherlands East Indies , now Indonesia . Between the capitulation of the Dutch East Indies in 1942 and the formal end of colonial rule over Indonesia by
177-426: A "riotous exercise in excess in every area; the visuals are overpowering and sumptuous; the costumes ornate and extravagant; the sets a riot of fabrics, light and space; and all of it captured in the most delectable black-and-white cinematography that one can find anywhere." He discusses the film's interest in the questions of race and colonialism and notes the "peculiar bifurcation" of the film's view of race, as most of
236-503: A Shandong warlord captured the Shanghai-to-Beijing express train and took 25 Westerners, including Lucy Aldrich , and 300 Chinese people hostage. All of the hostages were successfully ransomed. The story also echoes elements of Guy de Maupassant 's short story " Boule de Suif " in that it consists of travelers stopped in a country at war and a woman is forced into intimate relations with the commander in charge. However,
295-497: A constitutional crisis), the governor-general usually acts in accordance with constitutional convention and upon the advice of the national prime minister (who is head of the nation's government). The governors-general are still the local representatives of the sovereign and perform the same duties as they carried out historically, though their role is for the most part ceremonial (or partly ceremonial). Rare and controversial exceptions occurred in 1926, when Canadian governor general
354-406: A few). It should be remembered that while governors-general do not normally take drastic action, he or she still has a responsibility to ensure that the constitution is respected and followed at all times. In many ways, the governor-general acts as an umpire/mediator (who must remain independent/non-partisan and objective) in the political scene. In some realms, the monarch could in principle overrule
413-415: A governor-general, as governors-general are representatives of the monarch rather than holding power in their own right, but this has not happened in recent times. In Australia, the present king is generally assumed to be the head of state, since the governor-general and the state governors are defined as his "representatives". However, since the governor-general performs almost all national regal functions,
472-604: A governor-general. In Brazil , after a few governors, from 1578 until its promotion in 1763 to a viceroyalty (though various members of the nobility since 1640 had assumed, without sovereign authority, the title of Viceroy). The equivalent term in French is gouverneur général , used in the following colonies: Furthermore, in Napoleonic Europe successive French governors-general were appointed by Napoleon I in: From 1895 to 1945, Japanese-administered Taiwan had
531-425: A high-ranking rebel agent. Chang sends a message at the telegraph office. Later, the train is stopped and commandeered by the rebel army and its powerful warlord, who turns out to be Chang. He tortures Baum for insulting him on the train. He starts questioning the other first-class passengers, looking for someone important enough to keep as a hostage in exchange for his aide. Harvey, traveling to perform brain surgery on
590-583: A monarchy or republic, such as Japan in Korea and Taiwan and France in Indochina . In modern usage, in the context of governors-general and former British colonies, the term governor-general originated in those British colonies that became self-governing within the British Empire . Before World War I, the title was used only in federated colonies in which its constituents had had governors prior to federating, namely Canada , Australia , and
649-435: A watch with her photograph in it. Among the other passengers in first class are fellow coaster Hui Fei, Christian missionary Mr. Carmichael (who calls the coasters "fallen women"), gambler Sam Salt, opium dealer Eric Baum, boarding-house keeper Mrs. Haggerty, French officer Major Lenard, and a mysterious Eurasian, Henry Chang. At a scheduled stop, Chinese government soldiers empty the train to check passports and apprehend
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#1732780656924708-490: Is a good person. The train reaches Shanghai, and the passengers disperse. Harvey finds Lily while she is buying him a new watch, and asks her to forgive him for his lack of faith. They kiss amidst the bustle of the train station. Shanghai Express is based on Henry Hervey's story "Sky Over China" (also known as "China Pass"), which was loosely based on the Lincheng Incident that occurred on May 6, 1923, in which
767-915: Is an essential consequence of the equality of status existing among the members of the British Commonwealth of Nations that the Governor General of a Dominion is the representative of the Crown, holding in all essential respects the same position in relation to the administration of public affairs in the Dominion as is held by His Majesty the King in Great Britain, and that he is not the representative or agent of His Majesty's Government in Great Britain or of any Department of that Government." These concepts were entrenched in legislation with
826-488: Is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Shanghai Express (film) Shanghai Express is a 1932 American pre-Code film about a group of train passengers held hostage by a warlord during the Chinese Civil War . It was directed by Josef von Sternberg and stars Marlene Dietrich , Clive Brook , Anna May Wong and Warner Oland . The screenplay
885-485: Is excellent as Mr. Chang and Anna May Wong makes the most of the role of the brave Chinese girl. Eugene Pallette serves splendidly as Sam Salt." Jonathan Spence , writing about the film's usefulness as a piece of history, feels that the real 1923 Lincheng Incident was far more dramatic, but says that Shanghai Express is nonetheless "a wonderful film, with great performances by Dietrich ... and Anna May Wong." The critic for Senses of Cinema called Shanghai Express
944-416: Is released unharmed, unaware he was to be blinded at the hands of Chang. Hui Fei sneaks back into Chang's quarters and stabs him to death as he is packing to leave. She tells Harvey to rescue Lily, which he does. Carmichael, realizing he was wrong to condemn Lily, coaxes Lily to reveal the truth about how she had saved Harvey. She insists that he not tell Harvey and he agrees, telling Harvey that he knows Lily
1003-432: Is the title of an office-holder. In the context of governors-general and former British colonies, governors-general are appointed as viceroy to represent the monarch of a personal union in any sovereign state over which the monarch does not normally reign in person (non-UK Commonwealth realm ). Governors-general have also previously been appointed in respect of major colonial states or other territories held by either
1062-531: Is traveling on the express train he is taking from Peiping to Shanghai . They tell him she is a "coaster", a "woman who lives by her wits along the China coast" (i.e., a prostitute). Lily is in fact his former lover Madeline. Five years earlier, she had played a trick on him to gauge his love for her, but it backfired and he left her. She informs him, "It took more than one man to change my name to Shanghai Lily." Lily still loves him, and she notices that he still wears
1121-540: Is usually called Government House. The governor-general of the Irish Free State resided in the then Viceregal Lodge in Phoenix Park , Dublin , but the government of Éamon de Valera sought to downgrade the office and the last governor-general, Domhnall Ua Buachalla , did not reside there. The office was abolished there in 1936. In most Commonwealth realms, the flag of the governor-general has been
1180-645: The Imperial Conference , and subsequent issuing of the Balfour Declaration in 1926, the role and responsibilities of the governor-general began to shift, reflecting the increased independence of the Dominions (which were in 1952 renamed realms ; a term which includes the UK itself). As the sovereign came to be regarded as monarch of each territory independently, and, as such, advised only by
1239-654: The Spanish East Indies had a governor-general , which was under the Viceroy of New Spain based in Mexico . After the successful Mexican War of Independence in 1821, the governor-general reported directly to Spain . From 1899 to 1935 under initial military rule then Insular Government , the Philippines was administered by a series of governors-general , first military and then civilian, appointed by
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#17327806569241298-454: The Union of South Africa . In these cases, the Crown's representative in the federated Dominion was given the superior title of governor-general . The first exception to this rule was New Zealand, which was granted Dominion status in 1907, but it was not until 28 June 1917 that Arthur Foljambe, 2nd Earl of Liverpool , was appointed the first governor-general of New Zealand . Since the 1950s,
1357-427: The colonial secretary on the exercise of some of his functions and duties, such as the use or withholding of royal assent from legislation; history shows many examples of governors-general using their prerogative and executive powers. The monarch or imperial government could overrule any governor-general, though this could often be cumbersome, due to the remoteness of the territories from London. The governor-general
1416-536: The federal government of the United States . The equivalent word in Portuguese is governador-geral . This title was only used for the governors of the major colonies, indicating that they had, under their authority, several subordinate governors. In most of the colonies, lower titles, mainly governador (governor) or formerly captain-major ( capitão-mor ), prevailed The Balkan Wars of 1912–13 led to
1475-549: The governor-general of Shanghai, becomes the hostage. Waiting for his aide to arrive, Chang offers to take Lily to his palace. She declines, claiming she has reformed. Harvey breaks in and knocks Chang down. Because he needs Harvey alive, Chang does not retaliate at that point. He has Hui Fei brought to his quarters, where he rapes her. Lily is taken back to the train and stays up praying for Harvey. When Chang's man arrives, Chang tells Lily he plans to blind Harvey in revenge. She tells Chang she will go to his palace with him. Harvey
1534-500: The minister of the interior . Until the 1920s, governors-general were British subjects, appointed on the advice of the British government, who acted as agents of the British government in each Dominion, as well as being representatives of the monarch. As such they notionally held the prerogative powers of the monarch, and also held the executive power of the country to which they were assigned. The governor-general could be instructed by
1593-530: The Commonwealth in the late 1920s, in 1929, the Australian prime minister James Scullin established the right of a Dominion prime minister to advise the monarch directly on the appointment of a governor-general, by insisting that his choice ( Isaac Isaacs , an Australian) prevail over the recommendation of the British government. The convention was gradually established throughout the Commonwealth that
1652-519: The Dutch in 1949, no governor-general was appointed. While in the Caribbean, various other titles were used, Curaçao had three governors-general between 1816 and 1820: The Philippines from the 16th through the 20th century had a series of governors-general during the Spanish and American colonial periods, as well as the brief Japanese occupation during World War II . Beginning 21 November 1564,
1711-700: The Greek acquisition of the so-called "New Lands" ( Epirus , Macedonia , Crete and the islands of the eastern Aegean), almost doubling the country's territory. Instead of fully incorporating these new lands into Greece by dividing them into prefectures , the Ottoman administrative system continued in existence for a while, and Law ΔΡΛΔ΄ of 1913 established five governorates-general (Γενικαὶ Διοικήσεις, sing. Γενική Διοίκησις): Epirus, Macedonia, Crete, Aegean and Samos – Ikaria . The governors-general had wide-ranging authority in their territories, and were almost autonomous of
1770-541: The Viscount Byng of Vimy refused Prime Minister Mackenzie King's request for a dissolution of parliament; in 1953 and 1954 when the governor-general of Pakistan, Ghulam Mohammad , staged a constitutional coup against the prime minister and then the Constituent Assembly; and in 1975, when the governor-general of Australia, Sir John Kerr , dismissed the prime minister , Gough Whitlam (to name
1829-717: The clergy, philanthropists, or figures from the news media to the office. Traditionally, the governor-general's official attire was a unique uniform, but this practice has been abandoned except on occasions when it is appropriate to be worn (and in some countries abandoned altogether). In South Africa, the governor-general of the Union of South Africa nominated by the Afrikaner Nationalist government chose not to wear uniform on any occasion. Most governors-general continue to wear appropriate medals on their clothing when required. The governor-general's official residence
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1888-619: The denouement differs; in Maupassant's story, the woman does not murder the commander. Paramount studio heads were concerned that the Hays Office kept a close watch on the film for its portrayal of Reverend Carmichael and the depiction of the Chinese revolution. Although set in China, few Chinese actors appear in the film. However, Anna May Wong, who was American-born Chinese , has a major role, and many Chinese extras are used in
1947-610: The enactment of the Statute of Westminster in 1931, and governmental relations with the United Kingdom were placed in the hands of a British High Commissioner in each country. In other words, the political reality of a self-governing Dominion within the British Empire with a governor-general answerable to the sovereign became clear. British interference in the Dominion was not acceptable and independent country status
2006-419: The film. Shanghai Express film was in production from August to November 1931 and was released the following year. The film was praised by Mordaunt Hall of The New York Times as a star vehicle for Marlene Dietrich : "Miss Dietrich gives an impressive performance. She is languorous but fearless as Lily." He also singled out other characters: "Clive Brooks's performance is also noteworthy...Warner Oland
2065-541: The first realms established with a patriated constitution, India and Pakistan , were established, was always law, and no government of any realm can advise the Monarch on any matter pertaining to another realm, including the appointment of a governor-general. The monarch appoints a governor-general (in Canada: governor general ) as a personal representative only on the advice of the prime minister of each realm; for example,
2124-486: The first three of which were then grouped anew into a new Governorate-General of Macedonia, albeit still subject to the Governorate-General of Northern Greece. This awkward arrangement lasted until 1950, when the administration of Macedonia was streamlined, the junior governorates abolished and only the Governorate-General of Northern Greece retained. Finally, in 1955, the Governorate-General of Northern Greece
2183-480: The flag was replaced in 2008 with the shield of the coat of arms of New Zealand surmounted by a crown on a blue field. Governors-general are accorded the style of His/Her Excellency . This style is also extended to their spouses, whether male or female. Until the 1920s, governors general were British, and appointed on the advice of the British Government. Following the changes to the structure of
2242-542: The government in Athens. Law 524 in 1914 abolished the governorates-general and divided the New Lands into regular prefectures, but in 1918 Law 1149 re-instated them as a superordinate administrative level above the prefectures, with Macedonia now divided in two governorates-general, those of Thessaloniki and Kozani – Florina . The governors-general of Thessaloniki, Crete and Epirus were also given ministerial rank. To these
2301-408: The governor-general acts as the monarch's representative, performing the ceremonial and constitutional functions of a head of state . The only other nation which currently uses the governor-general designation is Iran , which has no connection with any monarchy or the Commonwealth. In Iran, the provincial authority is headed by a governor general ( Persian : استاندار ostāndār ), who is appointed by
2360-554: The governor-general has occasionally been referred to as the head of state in political and media discussion. To a lesser extent, uncertainty has been expressed in Canada as to which officeholder—the monarch, the governor-general, or both—can be considered the head of state. A governor-general is usually a person with a distinguished record of public service, often a retired politician, judge or military commander; however, some countries have also appointed prominent academics, members of
2419-442: The governor-general is constitutionally the representative of the monarch in his or her state and may exercise the reserve powers of the monarch according to their own constitutional authority. The governor-general, however, is still appointed by the monarch and takes an oath of allegiance to the monarch in right of his or her own country. Executive authority is also vested in the monarch, though much of it can be exercisable only by
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2478-636: The governor-general of New Zealand is appointed by the king of New Zealand on the advice of the New Zealand prime minister, the governor-general of Tuvalu is appointed by the king of Tuvalu on the advice of the Tuvaluan prime minister, and the governor-general of Jamaica is appointed by the king of Jamaica on the advice of the Jamaican prime minister. In Papua New Guinea and the Solomon Islands,
2537-425: The governor-general on behalf of the sovereign of the independent realm. Letters of credence or letters of recall are in some realms received or issued in the name of the monarch, but in others (such as Canada and Australia) are issued in the name of the governor-general alone. At diplomatic functions where the governor-general is present, the visiting diplomat or head of state toasts "The King" or "The Queen" of
2596-702: The governor-general with the power to assent or to withhold assent to laws, while Papua New Guinea has no requirement for royal assent at all, with laws entering into force when certified as having been passed in Parliament by the Speaker. Different realms have different constitutional arrangements governing who acts in place of the governor-general in the event of his or her death, resignation, or incapacity. The title has been used in many former British colonies or other territories, which became independent realms and then later became republics. Each of these realms had
2655-403: The governor-general would be a citizen of the country concerned, and would be appointed on the advice of the government of that country, with no input from the British government; governor general of Canada since 1952 and governor-general of New Zealand since 1967. Since 1931 as each former Dominion has patriated its constitution from the UK, the convention has become law, or, since 1947, when
2714-469: The ministers of each country in regard to that country's national affairs (as opposed to a single British monarch ruling all the Dominions as a conglomerate and advised only by an imperial parliament), so too did the governor-general become a direct representative of the national monarch only, who no longer answered to the British government. The report resulting from the 1926 Imperial Conference stated: "It
2773-607: The monarch's commission, previously issued also under the Great Seal of Australia. The practice in Canada is to include in the governor general's proclamation of appointment, issued under the Great Seal of Canada , the monarch's commission naming the governor general as commander-in-chief of the Canadian Forces . Also dissimilar among the realms are the powers of governors-general. The Belizean constitution provides
2832-495: The next decade, however, in a see-saw of legislative measures that in turn gave and took away authority, they gradually lost most of their powers in favour of the prefectures and the central government in Athens. Following liberation from the Axis occupation , in 1945 the Governorate-General of Northern Greece was established, initially with subordinate governorates for West Macedonia , Central Macedonia , East Macedonia, and Thrace ,
2891-400: The prime minister's advice is based on the result of a vote in the national parliament. The formalities for appointing governors-general are not the same in all realms. For example: When appointed, a governor-general of Australia issues a proclamation in his own name, countersigned by the head of government and under the Great Seal of Australia, formally announcing that he has been appointed by
2950-469: The relevant realm, not the governor-general, with any reference to the governor-general being subsidiary in later toasts if featuring at all, and will involve a toast to the governor-general by name, not office. (e.g., "Mrs. Smith", not "Her Excellency, the Governor-General". Sometimes a toast might be made using name and office, e.g., "Governor-General Smith".) Except in rare cases (for example,
3009-419: The respectable "white" characters in the film are seen as both flawed and racist. He says only the characters played Dietrich, Wong, and Brook have "real moral agency." He calls the film "surprisingly feminist," with Dietrich being a "strong, dominating presence" and Wong's character her equal. Shanghai Express is memorable for its stylistic black-and-white chiaroscuro cinematography. Even though Lee Garmes
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#17327806569243068-429: The same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Shanghai Express . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Shanghai_Express&oldid=1033143044 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description
3127-523: The standard pattern of a blue field with the royal crest (a lion standing on a crown) above a scroll with the name of the jurisdiction. In Canada , however, this was replaced with a crowned lion clasping a maple leaf. In the Solomon Islands , the scroll was replaced with a two-headed frigate bird motif, while in Fiji , the former governor general's flag featured a whale 's tooth. In New Zealand,
3186-447: The title governor-general has been given to all representatives of the sovereign in independent non-UK Commonwealth realms . In these cases, the former office of colonial governor was altered (sometimes for the same incumbent) to become governor-general upon independence, as the nature of the office became an entirely independent constitutional representative of the monarch rather than a symbol of previous colonial rule. In these countries
3245-720: Was added the Governorate-General of Thrace in 1920–22, comprising Western Thrace and Eastern Thrace (returned to Turkey in the Armistice of Mudanya in 1922). The extensive but hitherto legally rather undefined powers of the governors-general created friction and confusion with other government branches, until their remit was exactly delineated in 1925. The governorates-general, except for that of Thessaloniki, were abolished in 1928, but re-established in December 1929—for Crete, Epirus, Thrace, and Macedonia—and delegated practically all ministerial authorities for their respective areas. Over
3304-419: Was also usually the commander-in-chief of the armed forces in his or her territory and, because of the governor-general's control of the military, the post was as much a military appointment as a civil one. The governors-general are entitled to wear a unique uniform, which is not generally worn today. If of the rank of major general, equivalent or above, they were entitled to wear that military uniform. Following
3363-580: Was awarded the Academy Award for Best Cinematography , according to Dietrich, it was von Sternberg who was responsible for most of it. The film was a box office success grossing $ 827,000 in rentals the US and Canada and $ 1.5 million altogether in worldwide rentals. Rotten Tomatoes gives the film a rating of 96% from 67 reviews. Governor-general Governor-general (plural governors-general ), or governor general (plural governors general ),
3422-450: Was clearly displayed. Canada, Australia, and New Zealand were clearly not controlled by the United Kingdom. The monarch of these countries ( Charles III ) is in law King of Canada , King of Australia , and King of New Zealand and only acts on the advice of the ministers in each country and is ostensibly in no way influenced by the British government. Today, therefore, in former British colonies that are now independent Commonwealth realms ,
3481-572: Was written by Jules Furthman based on a 1931 short story by Harry Hervey . Shanghai Express was the fourth of seven films that Sternberg and Dietrich created together. The film was released during the midst of the Great Depression . It was remade as Night Plane from Chungking (1943) and Peking Express (1951). In 1931, China is embroiled in a civil war . Friends of British captain Donald "Doc" Harvey envy him because Shanghai Lily
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