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61-649: Shanghai Street is a 2.3 km long street in the Jordan , Yau Ma Tei and Mong Kok areas of Kowloon , Hong Kong . Completed in 1887 under the name of Station Street ( 差館街 ), it was once the most prosperous street in Kowloon. It originates from the south at Austin Road , and terminates in the north at Lai Chi Kok Road . Parallel to Shanghai Street are Nathan Road , Temple Street , Portland Street , Reclamation Street and Canton Road . Though parallel, Shanghai Street

122-475: A hawkers control office. In the pre-war and early post-war days Yunnan Lane, which was located by the side of the post office, became a place where professional letter writers set up their stalls. The post office ceased operation in 1967 with the opening of the nearby Kowloon Central Post Office . The vacated post office was then used as a "Street Sleepers' Shelter" operated by the Salvation Army , until

183-424: A sewer force main if the sewage is transported some significant distance. The pumping station may be called a lift station if the pump merely discharges into a nearby gravity manhole. From here the cycle starts all over again until the sewage reaches its point of destination—usually a treatment plant. By this method, pumping stations are used to move waste to higher elevations. In the case of high sewage flows into

244-538: A 15-storey mall. Langham Place comprises an office tower, hotel, and shopping mall. 22°18′23″N 114°10′11″E  /  22.30647°N 114.16959°E  / 22.30647; 114.16959 List of streets and roads in Hong Kong The following are incomplete lists of expressways , tunnels, bridges, roads, avenues , streets, crescents , squares and bazaars in Hong Kong. Many roads on

305-401: A chain off of the duckfoot and up the two guide rails to the maintenance (normally ground) level. Reinstalling the pumps simply reverses this process with the pump being remounted on the guide rails and lowered onto the duckfoot where the weight of the pump reseals it. As the motors are sealed and weather is not a concern, no above ground structures are required, excepting a small kiosk to contain

366-534: A commercial port. The British colonial government of Hong Kong found the area of Station Street was as prosperous as Shanghai in China at the time when Hong Kong trade relation with Shanghai. Therefore, they renamed Station street to Shanghai Street on 19 March 1909. The second reason was that there was a street called Upper Station Street ( 差館上街 ) in Sheung Wan , on Hong Kong Island and it caused confusion with

427-598: A concept pioneered during the Victorian era in places like The Fens in the UK. The introduction of "package pumping stations" has modernized drainage systems, allowing a compact, efficient solution for areas where gravity drainage is impractical. Water pumping stations are differentiated by their applications, such as sourcing from wells, raw water pumping, and high service pumping, each designed to meet specific demand projections and customer needs. Wastewater pumping stations, on

488-477: A conservation strategy as an acquisition or buy-out of properties; elimination of Shanghai Street true character by removing the stores and residents. Since 2005, the Urban Renewal Authority has cooperated with different real estate developers to rehabilitate Shanghai Street. Here is the summary and the photos after rehabilitation. The first rehabilitation project was Joye Fook Mansion, which

549-459: A dry well or pump house and usually consist only of a wet well. In this configuration, submersible sewage pumps with closely coupled electric motor are mounted within the wet well itself, submerged within the sewage. Submersible pumps are mounted on two vertical guide rails and seal onto a permanently fixed "duckfoot", which forms both a mount and also a vertical bend for the discharge pipe. For maintenance or replacement, submersible pumps are raised by

610-437: A high-level alarm indication, in the event of pump failure; and possibly a guide-rail/auto-coupling/pedestal system, to permit easy removal of pumps for maintenance. Traditional site constructed systems have the valve vault components installed in a separate structure. Having two structural components can lead to potentially serious site problems such as uneven settling between components which results in stress on, and failure of

671-403: A large open passage so as to avoid clogging with debris or winding stringy debris onto the impeller. A four pole or six pole AC induction motor normally drives the pump. Rather than provide large open passages, some pumps, typically smaller sewage pumps, also macerate any solids within the sewage breaking them down into smaller parts which can more easily pass through the impeller. The interior of

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732-580: A police station located at the junction of Public Square Street and Shanghai Street, until its relocation to No. 627 Canton Road in 1922. Since the police station was the landmark of the area, the street was named for it. On 12 November 1898, it was divided into two sections, Station Street South and Station Street North. There were two reasons for the renaming. First, in 1909, the Government started to name streets in Kowloon after major Chinese provinces that traded with Hong Kong, to recognise Hong Kong as

793-457: A sewage pump station is a very dangerous place. Poisonous gases, such as methane and hydrogen sulfide , can accumulate in the wet well; an ill-equipped person entering the well would be overcome by fumes very quickly. Any entry into the wet well requires the correct confined space entry method for a hazardous environment. To minimize the need for entry, the facility is normally designed to allow pumps and other equipment to be removed from outside

854-511: A specific pump controller. RTUs are very helpful in remote monitoring of each pumping station from a centralized control room with SCADA (Supervisory Control & Data Acquisition) systems. This setup can be helpful in monitoring pump faults, levels, and other alarms and parameters, making it more efficient. A pumped-storage scheme is a type of power station for storing and producing electricity to supply high peak demands by moving water between reservoirs at different elevations. Typically, water

915-405: Is a Grade I historical building located at No. 344 Shanghai Street. It is the only remaining building of a former pumping station , which was built in 1895 and ceased operation in 1911. Its three buildings underwent different adaptive reuse : one of them, now demolished, was converted into a post office in the 1910s–1920s. Another one became a hazardous goods store. The remaining building became

976-516: Is a list of those described in this encyclopedia. In the UK, during the Victorian Era , there was a fashion for public buildings to feature highly ornate architecture . Consequently, a considerable number of former pumping stations have been listed and preserved. The majority were originally steam-powered, and where the steam engines are still in situ , many of the sites have since re-opened as museum attractions. Used to pump water from

1037-407: Is available, back pumping systems may be employed. Water is extracted from the canal below the lowest lock of a flight and is pumped back to the top of the flight, ready for the next boat to pass through. Such installations are usually small. When low-lying areas of land are drained, the general method is to dig drainage ditches . However, if the area is below sea level then it is necessary to pump

1098-613: Is believed that Nos. 620 – 626 are the oldest buildings among them. No. 330 Shanghai Street, a post-war tong lau adjacent to the Engineer's Office of the Former Pumping Station, houses the Hong Kong International Hobby and Toy Museum . Shophouses were mainly occupied by Chinese and predominantly seen all over southern Chinese cities and town in the 19th century. There were various reasons for

1159-479: Is built into the system so that in the event that any one pump is out of service, the remaining pump or pumps will handle the designed flow. The storage volume of the wet well between the "pump on" and "pump off" settings is designed to minimize pump starts and stops, but is not so long a retention time as to allow the sewage in the wet well to go septic . Sewage pumps are almost always end-suction centrifugal pumps with open impellers and are specially designed with

1220-409: Is channeled from a high-level reservoir to a low-level reservoir, through turbine generators that generate electricity. This is done when the station is required to generate power. During low-demand periods, such as overnight, the generators are reversed to become pumps that move the water back up to the top reservoir. There are countless thousands of pumping stations throughout the world. The following

1281-431: Is fed from underground gravity pipelines (pipes that are sloped so that a liquid can flow in one direction under gravity). Sewage is fed into and stored in a pit, commonly known as a wet well . The well is equipped with electrical instrumentation to detect the level of sewage present. When the sewage level rises to a predetermined point, a pump will be started to lift the sewage upward through a pressurized pipe system called

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1342-507: Is located on 466, 466A & 468 Shanghai Street, Yau Ma Tei. Joye Fook Mansion has been occupied since 1966 and its building age is 43. The rehabilitation works completed in February 2005. The next rehabilitation project was Mei Koon Mansion located on 698–710 Shanghai Street, Mong Kok. Mei Koon Mansion has been occupied since 1966. The rehabilitation works completed in March 2005. In June 2005

1403-480: Is not accessible by vehicle, roads are only used by pedestrians, cyclists and some licensed vehicles. The Transport Department has designated about 22 km (14 mi) of road length as exclusive "bus lanes", out of approximately 2,000 km (1,200 mi) of accessible roads. The traffic CAM online provides near real-time road conditions for all major road users, as well as facilitating monitoring of traffic. There are about 115 closed-circuit cameras located on

1464-451: Is not possible. A package pumping station is an integrated system, built in a housing manufactured from strong, impact-resistant materials such as precast concrete , polyethylene , or glass-reinforced plastic . The unit is supplied with internal pipework fitted, pre-assembled ready for installation into the ground, after which the submersible pumps and control equipment are fitted. Features may include controls for fully automatic operation;

1525-415: Is the largest single conservation initiative ever undertaken in Hong Kong. This conservation plan is the initiative of the expanded conservation strategy for 48 pre-war shophouses across Hong Kong. The URA has two alternatives: to buy property rights of the shop houses and redevelop them into commercial or other uses; to re-zone them so as to limit the use of those shop houses for preservation purposes. Most of

1586-577: The Claverton and Crofton Pumping Stations , are preserved as museum attractions. Examples such as land drainage in the Netherlands water supply in Hong Kong and agricultural drainage in Iraq, underscore the vital role these facilities play in supporting modern infrastructure, environmental management, and energy storage. In countries with canal systems, pumping stations are also frequent. Because of

1647-699: The New Territories . Route 10 runs from western New Territories from Route 9 and bends northward towards and passes the border to Shenzhen . However, the new system has caused some confusion to drivers used to relying on destination signs. The routes are designated as follows: There are approximately 158.7 kilometres (98.6 mi) of expressways in Hong Kong. The following list is sorted by length: Eastern District The Mid-Levels The Peak Southern District Causeway Bay, Central, Happy Valley, Wan Chai, Western District South of Boundary Street North of Boundary Street Note: Cheung Chau

1708-649: The Urban Renewal Authority (URA) announced two heritage conservation plans, which proposed to preserve the ten blocks of pre-war shophouses on Shanghai Street in Mong Kok and ten other blocks on Prince Edward Road East . Four 1960s buildings that dissect the shophouse cluster in Shanghai Street are also included in the project. The Shanghai Street project covers an area of about 1,128m. The project aims to preserve and revitalise these shophouse clusters for commercial uses. The projects, which costs HK$ 1.33 billion,

1769-733: The Hong Kong Island conform to the contours of the hill landscape. Some of the roads on the north side of Hong Kong Island and southern Kowloon have a grid-like pattern. The roads are generally designed to British standards . Expressways generally conform to British motorway standards. Speed limits on all roads are 50 km/h (31 mph), unless indicated otherwise by road signs. Usually, higher speed limits such as 70 and 80 km/h (43 and 50 mph) have been raised to facilitate traffic flow along main roads and trunk roads. On most expressways, speed limits have been raised to 80 km/h and 100 km/h (62 mph) due to

1830-585: The accumulation of sedimentary mud that created the land initially. Elsewhere, pumping stations are used to remove water that has found its way into low-lying areas as a result of leakage or flooding (in New Orleans , for example). In more recent times, a "package pumping station" provides an efficient and economic way of installing a drainage system. They are suitable for mechanical building services collection and pumping of liquids like surface water, wastewater or sewage from areas where drainage by gravity

1891-467: The arts community, such as bookstores and dance studios. The cluster of shophouses on Prince Edward Road East would be remained as a part of the flower market so that the thriving flower trade would not be disrupted. The Prince Edward Road East project and the Shanghai Street project are expected to be completed by 2014 and 2015 respectively. But some people see problems with the URA's plans: not so much capital

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1952-413: The cost, about $ 1.23 billion, would be spent on property acquisition and tenants' rehousing of the 73 households with 220 residents in the two sites' 24 buildings. The remaining one-tenth of the sum is used for renovation. For shophouses in Shanghai Street, necessary building services such as lifts, fire escapes and disabled access for the shophouses would be built in the 1960s buildings. The exact usage of

2013-450: The demand or projected demand is reasonably defined, and is dependent on a combination of customer needs and fire flow requirements. Average annual per-capita water consumption, peak hour, and maximum daily can vary greatly due to factors such as climate, income levels, population, and the proportions of residential, commercial, and industrial users. Pumping stations in sewage collection systems are normally designed to handle raw sewage that

2074-458: The efficiency and monitoring capabilities of pumping stations, essential for modern systems. Pumped-storage schemes represent a critical use of pumping stations, providing a method for energy storage and generation by moving water between reservoirs at different elevations, highlighting the versatility and importance of pumping stations across sectors. Some pumping stations have been recognized for their architectural and historical significance, e.g.

2135-417: The electrical switchgear and control systems. Due to the much reduced health and safety concerns, and smaller footprint and visibility, submersible pump sewage pumping stations have almost completely superseded traditional sewage pumping stations. Further, a refit of a traditional pumping station usually involves converting it into a modern pumping station by installing submersibles in the wet well, demolishing

2196-659: The end of the 1990s, when the shelter for the homeless moved across the street to the building on 345A Shanghai Street, where it is still located. The building is now vacant awaiting a suitable adaptive re-use. It is proposed that the Red Brick Building will revitalise in conjunction with the Yau Ma Tei Theatre as a Xiqu Activity Centre, providing a performing and practising venue for small-scale Cantonese Opera performance. It would also serve as training venue for budding artists. This revitalisation project

2257-915: The existence of tong lau in Hong Kong, which including economic development of Hong Kong, Second World War and also the influx of Chinese migrants to Hong Kong. These 10 typical shophouses are believed to have been built in the 1920s and 1930s, which are typical of an old commercial street. They are composed of shops on the ground floor that open up to a public arcade or "five-foot way", and low-rented residential accommodations upstairs. Shops selling furnishings, building construction materials (such as window frames, curtains, paint and hardware), traditional Chinese utensils, Chinese and Western household kitchen tools, ceremonial items, traditional Chinese wedding gowns, grocery, snake soup as well as traditional Nepalese snacks can be found in Shanghai Street. As part of Hong Kong's living heritage, those shop houses are still functional in their communities and play important roles in

2318-529: The final rehabilitation project on 316–318 Shanghai Street had completed. To redevelop the area between Mongkok and Yau Ma Tei , Land Development Corporation had proposed the Langham Place project, in which, 11,976 square metres (128,910 sq ft) area was involved across Argyle Street , Portland Street , Shantung Street and Reclamation Street . The main goal is to urbanise the unused area. The existing gross floor area (GFA) in this project

2379-535: The lives of local people. In recent years, residents and individuals have refurbished some shophouses and converted them into restaurants, shops or artists' interaction center like Shanghai Street Artspace project managed by the Department of Creative Arts of the Hong Kong Institute of Education (HKIEd) aiming to explore, develop and learn from the artistic culture of Yau Ma Tei. In September 2008,

2440-747: The one in Yau Ma Tei and Mong Kok. One of the then-two Magistrate's Courts of Kowloon was located in Shanghai Street between Public Square Street and Market Street, until it was demolished in 1957. The other one was the Kowloon Magistracy in Gascoigne Road , built in 1936 and renamed the South Kowloon District Court in 1957. The North Kowloon Magistracy , built in 1960 in Shek Kip Mei , later shared

2501-412: The other hand, are engineered to handle sewage, with designs that ensure reliability and safety, minimizing environmental impacts from overflows. Innovations in pump technology and station design have led to the development of submersible pump stations, which are more compact and safer, effectively reducing the footprint and visibility of sewage management infrastructure. Electronic controllers have enhanced

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2562-571: The pipes and connections between components. The development of a packaged pump station system combined all components into a single housing which not only eliminates uneven settling issues, but pre-plumbing and outfitting each unit prior to installation can reduce the cost and time involved with civil work and site labor. Water pumping stations are differentiated from wastewater pumping stations in that they do not have to be sized to account for high peak flow rates. They have five general categories: Water pumping stations are constructed in areas in which

2623-479: The pump house and retiring the dry well by either stripping it, or knocking down the internal partition and merging it with the wet well. Pump manufacturers have always designed and manufactured electronic devices to control and supervise pumping stations. Today it is also very common to use a programmable logic controller (PLC) or Remote Terminal Unit (RTU) for such work, but the experience needed to solve certain particular problems, makes an easy choice to look for

2684-467: The revamped shophouses has not been determined and is open to any options. One of the tentative suggestions is to house low-priced restaurant so that the public will have opportunities to use the verandas. The proposed aim is transforming Shanghai Street into a popular food street, or directly translated from the Chinese as "Food Paradise". In addition, the authority plans to reserve the shops upstairs for

2745-664: The routes to provide monitoring of traffic flow. Congestion is heaviest in Kowloon and along the northern shore of Hong Kong Island, where most cameras are located. Some example locations: Pumping station Pumping stations are designed to move water or sewage from one location to another, overcoming gravitational challenges, and are essential for maintaining navigable canal levels, supplying water, and managing sewage and floodwaters. In canal systems, pumping stations help replenish water lost through lock usage and leakage, ensuring navigability. Similarly, in land drainage, stations pump water to prevent flooding in areas below sea level,

2806-418: The sewage in the wet well, dry wells are underground, confined spaces and require appropriate precautions for entry. Further, any failure or leakage of the pumps or pipework can discharge sewage directly into the dry well with complete flooding not an uncommon occurrence. As a result, the electric motors are normally mounted above the overflow, top water level of the wet well, usually above ground level, and drive

2867-403: The sewage pumps through an extended vertical shaft. To protect the above ground motors from weather, small pump houses are normally built, which also incorporate the electrical switchgear and control electronics. These are the visible parts of a traditional sewage pumping station although they are typically smaller than the underground wet and dry wells. More modern pumping stations do not require

2928-442: The smooth geometry and 110 km/h (68 mph) for North Lantau Highway , while some expressways such as Island Eastern Corridor and Tuen Mun Road have been restricted to 70 km/h because of its long existence and/or geometrical constraints. Typically, the highest speed limit in all tunnels and suspension bridges is 80 km/h, while for other roads such as toll plaza areas and slip roads that do not lead to other expressways

2989-429: The speed limits are recommended to be reduced to the default 50 km/h speed limit. Hong Kong's Transport Department is responsible for management of road traffic, regulation of public transport services and operation of major transport infrastructures, while Highways Department is responsible for planning, design, construction and maintenance of the public road system. In 2004, a new strategic route marking system

3050-558: The upper parts of the canal, but if no suitable source is available, a pumping station can be used to maintain the water level. An example of a canal pumping station is the Claverton Pumping Station on the Kennet and Avon Canal in southern England, United Kingdom. This pumps water from the nearby River Avon to the canal using pumps driven by a waterwheel which is powered by the river. Where no external water supply

3111-476: The water upwards into water channels that finally drain into the sea. The Victorians understood this concept, and in the United Kingdom they built pumping stations with water pumps , powered by steam engines to accomplish this task. In Lincolnshire, large areas of wetland at sea level, called The Fens , were turned into rich arable farmland by this method. The land is full of nutrients because of

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3172-431: The way the system of canal locks work, water is lost from the upper part of a canal each time a vessel passes through. Also, most lock gates are not watertight, so some water leaks from the higher levels of the canal to those lower down. The water has to be replaced or eventually the upper levels of the canal would not hold enough water to be navigable. Canals are usually fed by diverting water from streams and rivers into

3233-438: The well (for example during peak flow periods and wet weather) additional pumps will be used. If this is insufficient, or in the case of failure of the pumping station, a backup in the sewer system can occur, leading to a sanitary sewer overflow —the discharge of raw sewage into the environment. Sewage pumping stations are typically designed so that one pump or one set of pumps will handle normal peak flow conditions. Redundancy

3294-404: The wet well. Traditional sewage pumping stations incorporate both a wet well and a "dry well". Often these are the same structure separated by an internal divide. In this configuration pumps are installed below ground level on the base of the dry well so that their inlets are below water level on pump start, priming the pump and also maximising the available NPSH . Although nominally isolated from

3355-407: The workload. Before the 1970s when Nathan Road became prosperous, Shanghai Street was the leading business corridor in Hong Kong. In the mid 19th century Station Street had already started to prosper. In the tax record book of 1880, there were 150 taxed units, including a brothel, the most number of units at that time. There were about 9,000 people living in Yau Ma Tei at that time, and the district

3416-467: Was 40,810 square metres. 58 buildings and 2,603 residents had been affected. The construction was completed in July 2004. The total GFA is now 167,419 square metres (1,802,080 sq ft) and the commercial space is 160,870 square metres (1,731,600 sq ft). Langham Place is a Grade A 59-storey office tower. Its height is 255.1 metres (837 ft). It houses the 665-room Langham Place Hotel and

3477-413: Was already the most populated. With the addition of over a hundred shops, the district became the most prosperous area from the late 19th century to the mid 20th century. The shops there were originally related to traditional Chinese trades and livelihoods, including shops selling traditional wedding dresses, fung shui tools, pawnshops and books. From the 1970s to 1990s, the Mong Kok area of Shanghai Street

3538-467: Was characterised by a wide variety of hostess clubs and other venues related to the sex trade ; these continue to trade alongside the traditional businesses and residential units. The following list follows a south-north order. (W) indicates the western side of the road, while (E) indicates the eastern side. The Engineer's Office of the Former Pumping Station , Water Supplies Department ( 前水務署抽水站工程師辦公室 ), sometimes called "The Red Brick House" ( 紅磚屋 ),

3599-649: Was endorsed by the Public Works Subcommittee of the Finance Committee of the Legislative Council at its meeting on 21 January 2009. Nos. 600-626 Shanghai Street , or more specifically Nos. 600, 602, 604, 606, 612, 614, 620, 622, 624 and 626, is a group of ten pre-war shophouses ( tong-lau ) in the Mong Kok section of Shanghai Street, that have been listed as Grade I historical buildings for their historical value. It

3660-429: Was marked by 2- to 3-floor Chinese-style buildings while Nathan Road was marked by Western-style buildings. Prior to 1874 the land that Shanghai Street stands on was sea, making Shanghai Street an early example of reclaimed land in Hong Kong . The street is not so named because of a Shanghainese population. Prior to being renamed Shanghai Street it was originally called Station Street, for Yau Ma Tei Police Station ,

3721-510: Was put in place, with most existing routes renumbered and exits to key places or to another route also numbered. (For example, a journey from Yau Ma Tei to the airport uses Route 3, taking Exit 5 to join Route 8. It is therefore identified as "3-5-8".) Routes 1 to 3 are cross-harbour north–south routes following the order in which the harbour tunnels were opened. Routes 4, 5, 7 and 8 run east–west, numbered from south to north. Route 9 circumscribes

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