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69-912: Because of his pride he was ejected from his office, and replaced by Eliakim the son of Hilkiah as recorded in Book of Isaiah ( Isaiah 22:15–25 ). Shebna also appears to have been the leader of the party who favored an alliance with Egypt against Assyria. Shebna may have been the same "Shebna the scribe" who was sent by Hezekiah to confer with the Assyrian ambassador recorded in the Books of Kings ( 2 Kings 18:18, 26, 37 ; 2 Kings 19:2 ; parallel accounts in Isaiah 36:3 , 11 , 22 ; 37:2 ), although Easton's Bible Dictionary refers to them as being different people. A royal steward's rock-cut tomb discovered in Silwan

138-400: A "reward" for group members who treat others well and take initiative. This is one explanation for its apparent cross-cultural universality. On the other hand, while people with higher status experience a litany of benefits—such as greater health, admiration, resources, influence, and freedom—those with lower status experience poorer outcomes across all of those metrics. Importantly, status

207-437: A feeling of accomplishment. It is related to "more positive behaviors and outcomes in the area where the individual is proud". Pride is associated with positive social behaviors such as helping others and outward promotion . Along with hope, it is an emotion that facilitates performance attainment, as it can help trigger and sustain focused and appetitive effort to prepare for upcoming evaluative events. It may also help enhance

276-447: A glass without further positive allegorical attributes. All is Vanity , by Charles Allan Gilbert (1873–1929), carries on this theme. An optical illusion , the painting depicts what appears to be a large grinning skull. Upon closer examination, it reveals itself to be a young woman gazing at her reflection in the mirror of her vanity table . Such artistic works served to warn viewers of the ephemeral nature of youthful beauty, as well as

345-555: A high-minded man we seem to mean one who claims much and deserves much: for he who claims much without deserving it is a fool; but the possessor of a virtue is never foolish or silly. The man we have described, then, is high-minded. He who deserves little and claims little is temperate [or modest], but not high-minded: for high-mindedness [or greatness of soul] implies greatness, just as beauty implies stature; small men may be neat and well proportioned, but cannot be called beautiful. He concludes then that, High-mindedness, then, seems to be

414-403: A lesser degree with those of higher or lower status in a recognized system of social stratification. Although the determinants of status are specific to different cultures, some of the more common bases for status-based stratification include: The German sociologist Max Weber argued stratification is based on three factors: property , status, and power . He claimed that social stratification

483-454: A negative connotation , pride refers to a foolishly and irrationally corrupt sense of one's personal value, status , or accomplishments used synonymously with hubris . While some philosophers such as Aristotle (and George Bernard Shaw ) consider pride (but not hubris) a profound virtue , some world religions consider pride's fraudulent form a sin , seen in Proverbs 11:2 of

552-414: A person when the event is appraised as having been caused by that person alone. Pride as a display of the strong self that promotes feelings of similarity to strong others, as well as differentiation from weak others. Seen in this light, pride can be conceptualized as a hierarchy-enhancing emotion, as its experience and display helps rid negotiations of conflict. Pride involves exhilarated pleasure and

621-639: A person's known ability on the task (e.g., mechanical ability when a car breaks down). This implies that known ability would attenuate the effect of external status, implying a given external status characteristic is not a master status. The program of research finds characteristics assumed to be master statuses (e.g., mental illness) are, in fact, attenuated by known ability. Moreover, status affects group members' assertiveness only when characteristics differentiate group members (i.e., groups are mixed-race or mixed-gender). With respect to gender, experimental tests repeatedly found that women are highly deferential only in

690-985: A publication now in the public domain :  Easton, Matthew George (1897). " Shebna ". Easton's Bible Dictionary (New and revised ed.). T. Nelson and Sons. Pride Pride is defined by the Merriam-Webster dictionary as "reasonable self-esteem " or "confidence and satisfaction in oneself". The Oxford dictionary defines it as "the quality of having an excessively high opinion of oneself or one's own importance." Pride may be related to one's own abilities or achievements, positive characteristics of friends or family, or one's country . Richard Taylor defined pride as "the justified love of oneself ," as opposed to false pride or narcissism . Similarly, St. Augustine defined it as "the love of one's own excellence", and Meher Baba called it "the specific feeling through which egoism manifests." Philosophers and social psychologists have noted that pride

759-431: A simple index of income , education and occupational prestige. Social status hierarchies have been documented in a wide range of animals: apes, baboons, wolves, cows/bulls, hens, even fish, and ants. Natural selection produces status-seeking behavior because animals tend to have more surviving offspring when they raise their status in their social group. Such behaviors vary widely because they are adaptations to

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828-517: A socially valued role or category a person occupies as a "status" (e.g., gender , social class , ethnicity , having a criminal conviction, having a mental illness, etc.). As social network analysts, Stanley Wasserman and Katherine Faust Stanley cautioned "there is considerable disagreement among social scientists about the definitions of the related concepts of social position , social status, and social role ." They note that while many scholars differentiate those terms, they can define those terms in

897-598: A society, the relative honor and prestige accorded to individuals depends on how well an individual is perceived to match a society's values and ideals (e.g., being pious in a religious society or wealthy in a capitalist society). Status often comes with attendant rights, duties, and lifestyle practices. In modern societies, occupation is usually thought of as the main determinant of status, but other memberships or affiliations (such as ethnic group , religion , gender , voluntary associations, fandom , hobby ) can have an influence. Achieved status , when people are placed in

966-406: A society: class, status, and power. In his scheme, which remains influential today, people possess status in the sense of honor because they belong to specific groups with unique lifestyles and privileges. Modern sociologists and social psychologists broadened this understanding of status to refer to one's relative level of respectability and honor more generally. Some writers have also referred to

1035-457: A source of status. Several studies document that being popular or demonstrating dominance over peers increases a person's status. Analyses of private companies also find that organizations can gain status from having well-respected corporate partners or investors. Because status is always relative to others, a person may enter many situations throughout their life or even a single day in which they hold high, equal, or low status depending on who

1104-400: A source of stress, though evidence for this hypothesis proved inconsistent, leaving some to conclude conflicting expectations through occupying incompatible roles may be the true stressor. Status is one of the major components of social stratification, the way people are hierarchically placed in a society. The members of a group with similar status interact mainly within their own group and to

1173-435: A spectrum ranging from "proper pride", associated with genuine achievements, and "false pride", which can be maladaptive or even pathological. Lea et al. examined the role of pride in various economic situations and claim that in all cases pride is involved because economic decisions are not taken in isolation from one another, but are linked together by the selfhood of the people who take them . Understood in this way, pride

1242-435: A wave of patriotism sweep the country in a manner not seen for many years. Although many were hesitant to show such blatant support as the hanging of the national flag from windows, as the team progressed through the tournament, so too did the level of support across the nation. The term " Asian pride " in modern usage refers mostly to those of East Asian descent, though it can include anyone of Asian descent. Asian pride

1311-442: A way that clashes with the definitions of another scholar; for example they state that " [Ralph] Linton uses the term 'status' in a way that is identical to our use of the term "position". Status hierarchies depend primarily on the possession and use of status symbols . These are cues or characteristics that people in a society agree indicate how much status a person holds and how they should be treated. Such symbols can include

1380-468: A wide range of environmental niches. Some social dominance behaviors tend to increase reproductive opportunity, while others tend to raise the survival rates of an individual's offspring. Neurochemicals, particularly serotonin, prompt social dominance behaviors without need for an organism to have abstract conceptualizations of status as a means to an end. Social dominance hierarchy emerges from individual survival-seeking behaviors. Status inconsistency

1449-421: Is a complex secondary emotion that requires the development of a sense of self and the mastery of relevant conceptual distinctions (e.g. that pride is distinct from happiness and joy) through language-based interaction with others. Some social psychologists identify the nonverbal expression of pride as a means of sending a functional, automatically perceived signal of high social status. Pride may be considered

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1518-526: Is a gift, and that sexual orientation and gender identity are inherent and cannot be intentionally altered. The word "pride" is used in this case as an antonym for " shame ". It is an affirmation of self and community. The modern gay pride movement began after the Stonewall riots of the late 1960s. In June 1970, the first pride parade in the United States commemorated the one-year anniversary of

1587-637: Is a result of the interaction of wealth (class), prestige status (or in German Stand ) and power (party). Max Weber developed the idea of "status group" which is a translation of the German Stand (pl. Stände ). Status groups are communities that are based on ideas of lifestyles and the honor the status group both asserts, and is given by others. Status groups exist in the context of beliefs about relative prestige, privilege, and honor. People in status groups are only supposed to engage with people of like status, and in particular, marriage inside or outside

1656-525: Is a situation where an individual's social positions have both positive and negative influences on his or her social status. For example, a teacher may have a positive societal image (respect, prestige) which increases their status but may earn little money , which simultaneously decreases their status. In task-focused interpersonal encounters, people unconsciously combine this information to develop impressions of their own and others' relative rank. At one time, researchers thought status inconsistency would be

1725-458: Is a slogan used primarily in the United States to raise awareness for a black racial identity. The slogan has been used by African Americans of sub-Saharan African origin or ancestry to denote a feeling of self-confidence, self-respect, celebrating one's heritage, and being proud of one's worth. White pride is a slogan mainly (but not exclusively) used by white separatist , white nationalist , neo-Nazi , and white supremacist organizations in

1794-442: Is an emotional state that works to ensure that people take financial decisions that are in their long-term interests, even when in the short term they would appear irrational. Inordinate self-esteem is called "pride". Classical Christian theology views pride as being the result of high self-esteem, and thus high self-esteem was viewed as the primary human problem, but beginning in the 20th century, " humanistic psychology " diagnosed

1863-495: Is an open jewelry box. A painting attributed to Nicolas Tournier , which hangs in the Ashmolean Museum , is An Allegory of Justice and Vanity . A young woman holds a balance , symbolizing justice ; she does not look at the mirror or the skull on the table before her. Vermeer's famous painting Girl with a Pearl Earring is sometimes believed to depict the sin of vanity, as the young girl has adorned herself before

1932-563: Is around them. For instance, a doctor holds high status when interacting with a patient, equal status in a meeting with fellow doctors, and low status when meeting with their hospital's chief of medicine. A person can also be a 'big fish in a small pond' such that they have higher status than everyone else in their organization, but low or equal status relative to professionals in their entire field. Some perspectives on status emphasize its relatively fixed and fluid aspects. Ascribed statuses are fixed for an individual at birth, while achieved status

2001-762: Is based in widely shared beliefs about who members of a society judge as more competent or moral. While such beliefs can stem from an impressive performance or success, they can also arise from possessing characteristics a society has deemed meaningful like a person's race or occupation. In this way, status reflects how a society judges a person's relative social worth and merit—however accurate or inaccurate that judgement may be. Because societies use status to allocate resources, leadership positions, and other forms of power, status can make unequal distributions of resources and power appear natural and fair, supporting systems of social stratification . The sociologist Max Weber outlined three central aspects of stratification in

2070-594: Is based on beliefs about social worth and esteem, sociologists argue it can then appear only natural that higher-status people have more material resources and power. Status makes it appear that a person's rank or position in society is due to their relative merit, and therefore deserved. For instance, if a society holds that the homeless are unworthy of respect or dignity, then their poor material conditions are not evaluated as unjust by members of that society, and therefore are not subject to change. Whether formal or informal, status hierarchies are present in all societies. In

2139-580: Is best equipped to complete a task. In addition, groups accord more respect and esteem to members who help them succeed, which encourages highly capable members to contribute in the first place. This helps groups motivate members to contribute to a collective good by offering respect and esteem as a kind of compensation for helping everyone in the group succeed. For instance, people recognized as achieving great feats for their group or society are sometimes accorded legendary status as heroes. Finally—for good or ill—status maintains social inequality. Because status

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2208-655: Is compared with the Latin prodesse "be of use". The sense of "having a high opinion of oneself", not in French, may reflect the Anglo-Saxons' opinion of the Norman knights who called themselves "proud". Aristotle identified pride ( megalopsuchia , variously translated as proper pride, the greatness of soul and magnanimity) as the crown of the virtues, distinguishing it from vanity, temperance and humility, thus: By

2277-509: Is conjectured to be Shebna's, although only the term "-yahu" remains legible on the lintel from the tomb that is now kept in the British Museum . The partially preserved inscription was deciphered to read "...yahu who is over the house". The assumption is that Shebna's name may have been pronounced 'Shebna-yahu', the missing name fitting onto the damaged portion of the inscription. [REDACTED]  This article incorporates text from

2346-515: Is considered a form of self- idolatry , in which one rejects God for the sake of one's own image , and thereby becomes divorced from the graces of God . The stories of Lucifer and Narcissus (who gave us the term narcissism ), and others, attend to a pernicious aspect of vanity. In Western art, vanity was often symbolized by a peacock , and in Biblical terms, by the Whore of Babylon . During

2415-528: Is despised as well as valued in the individualist West , where it is experienced as pleasurable. In psychological terms, positive pride is "a pleasant, sometimes exhilarating, emotion that results from a positive self-evaluation". It was added to the University of California, Davis, "Set of Emotion Expressions", as one of three "self-conscious" emotions known to have recognizable expressions (along with embarrassment and shame ). The term " fiero "

2484-444: Is determined by social rewards an individual acquires during his or her lifetime as a result of the exercise of ability and/or perseverance. Examples of ascribed status include castes , race , and beauty among others. Meanwhile, achieved statuses are akin to one's educational credentials or occupation: these things require a person to exercise effort and often undergo years of training. The term master status has been used to describe

2553-476: Is not the requital of past injuries; this is revenge. As for the pleasure in hubris, its cause is this: naive men think that by ill-treating others they make their own superiority the greater. Thus, although pride and hubris are often deemed the same thing, for Aristotle and many philosophers hubris is an entirely different thing from pride. Pride, when classified as an emotion or passion, is both cognitive and evaluative; its object, that it cognizes and evaluates,

2622-479: Is perceived as unfair and thus prompts retaliation and resistance from those of lower status, but if some individuals are seen as better than others (i.e., have higher status), then it seems natural and fair that high-status people receive more resources and privileges. Historically, Max Weber distinguished status from social class , though some contemporary empirical sociologists combine the two ideas to create socioeconomic status or SES, usually operationalized as

2691-447: Is the self and its properties, or something the proud individual identifies with. The field of psychology classifies it with guilt and shame as a self-conscious emotion that results from the evaluations of oneself and one's behavior according to internal and external standards. Pride results from satisfying or conforming to a standard; guilt or shame from defying it. There is a lack of research that addresses pride, perhaps because it

2760-618: The Hebrew Bible . In Judaism , pride is called the root of all evil. When viewed as a virtue, pride in one's abilities is known as virtuous pride, greatness of soul, or magnanimity , but when viewed as a vice, it is often known to be self- idolatry , sadistic contempt, vanity or vainglory. Proud comes from late Old English prut , probably from Old French prud "brave, valiant" (11th century) (which became preux in French), from Late Latin term prodis "useful", which

2829-720: The Indian caste system. In other cases, status exists without class and/or informally, as is true with some Hunter-Gatherer societies such as the Khoisan , and some Indigenous Australian societies. In these cases, status is limited to specific personal relationships. For example, a Khoisan man is expected to take his wife's mother quite seriously (a non-joking relationship), although the mother-in-law has no special "status" over anyone except her son-in-law—and only then in specific contexts. Status maintains and stabilizes social stratification . Mere inequality in resources and privileges

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2898-479: The Renaissance , it was invariably represented as a naked woman , sometimes seated or reclining on a couch. She attends to her hair with a comb and mirror. The mirror is sometimes held by a demon or a putto . Other symbols include jewels, gold coins, a purse, and Death himself . Often depicted is an inscription on a scroll that reads Omnia Vanitas ("All is Vanity"), a quote from the Latin translation of

2967-843: The United States for a white race identity. White pride also consists of white ethnic/cultural pride. Mad pride is a worldwide movement and philosophy that mentally ill people should be proud of their madness. It advocates mutual support and rallies for their rights, and aims to popularize the word "mad" as a self-descriptor. LGBT pride is a worldwide movement and philosophy asserting that lesbian , gay , bisexual , transgender , and queer ( LGBTQ+ ) individuals should be proud of their sexual orientation and gender identity . LGBT pride includes advocacy for equal rights and benefits for LGBT people. The movement has three main premises: that people should be proud of their sexual orientation and gender identity , that sexual diversity

3036-400: The "tyranny of the should," the "pride system", and the nature of self-hate all point toward the intertwined relationship between neurotic pride and self-contempt. Understanding how a neurotic pride system underlies an appearance of self-contempt and low self-esteem. Thus, hubris , which is an exaggerated form of self-esteem, is sometimes actually a lie used to cover the lack of self-esteem

3105-586: The Book of Ecclesiastes . Although that phrase—itself depicted in a type of still life called vanitas —originally referred not to an obsession with one's appearance, but to the ultimate fruitlessness of man's efforts in this world, the phrase summarizes the complete preoccupation of the subject of the picture. "The artist invites us to pay lip-service to condemning her", writes Edwin Mullins , "while offering us full permission to drool over her. She admires herself in

3174-489: The Stonewall riots—the nearly week-long uprising between New York City youth and police officers following a raid of Stonewall Inn. In conventional parlance, vanity sometimes is used in a positive sense to refer to a rational concern for one's appearance, attractiveness, and dress, and is thus not the same as pride. It can also refer to an excessive or irrational belief in or concern with one's abilities or attractiveness in

3243-658: The adult public and personal eyes. Research from the University of Sydney found that hubristic pride correlates with arrogance and self-aggrandizement and promotes prejudice and discrimination. But authentic pride is associated with self-confidence and accomplishment and promotes more positive attitudes toward outgroups and stigmatized individuals. Pride in ones own ethnicity or ones own culture seems to universally have positive connotations, though like earlier discussions on pride, when pride tips into hubris, people have been known to commit atrocities. Types of pride across

3312-553: The brevity of human life and the inevitability of death . Social status 1800s: Martineau · Tocqueville  ·  Marx ·  Spencer · Le Bon · Ward · Pareto ·  Tönnies · Veblen ·  Simmel · Durkheim ·  Addams ·  Mead · Weber ·  Du Bois ·  Mannheim · Elias Social status is the relative level of social value a person is considered to possess. Such social value includes respect, honor , assumed competence, and deference. On one hand, social scientists view status as

3381-457: The crowning grace, as it were, of the virtues; it makes them greater, and cannot exist without them. And on this account it is a hard thing to be truly high-minded; for it is impossible without the union of all the virtues. By contrast, Aristotle defined the vice of hubris as follows: to cause shame to the victim, not in order that anything may happen to you, nor because anything has happened to you, but merely for your own gratification. Hubris

3450-618: The discussion on pride so much so that perhaps the discussion on pride should not be about whether pride is necessarily good or bad, but about which form of it is the most useful. Pride has gained a lot of negative recognition in the western cultures largely due to its status as one of the Seven Deadly Sins. It was popularized by the Pope Gregory I of the Catholic Church in the late sixth century, but before that it

3519-426: The eyes of others and may, in that sense, be compared to pride. The term vanity originates from the Latin word vanitas meaning emptiness , untruthfulness , futility , foolishness , and empty pride . Here empty pride means a fake pride, in the sense of vainglory, unjustified by one's own achievements and actions, but sought by pretense and appeals to superficial characteristics. In many religions, vanity

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3588-490: The few emotions with no clear positive or adaptive functions. A group that boasts, gloats, or denigrates others tends to become a group with low social status or to be vulnerable to threats from other groups. "[H]ubristic, pompous displays of group pride might be a sign of group insecurity as opposed to a sign of strength," while those who express pride by being filled with humility whilst focusing on members' efforts and hard work tend to achieve high social standing in both

3657-415: The glass, while we treat the picture that purports to incriminate her as another kind of glass—a window—through which we peer and secretly desire her." The theme of the recumbent woman often merged artistically with the non-allegorical one of a reclining Venus . In his table of the seven deadly sins , Hieronymus Bosch depicts a bourgeois woman admiring herself in a mirror held up by a devil. Behind her

3726-448: The hubristic person feels deep down. Hubris is associated with more intra-individual negative outcomes and is commonly related to expressions of aggression and hostility. Hubris is not necessarily associated with high self-esteem but with highly fluctuating or variable self-esteem. Excessive feelings of hubris have a tendency to create conflict and sometimes to terminate close relationships, which has led it to be understood as one of

3795-491: The human condition. He examines and compares the Augustinian - Niebuhrian conviction that pride is primary, the feminist concept of pride as being absent in the experience of women, the humanistic psychology position that pride does not adequately account for anyone's experience, and the humanistic psychology idea that if pride emerges, it is always a false front designed to protect an undervalued self. He considers that

3864-495: The members of a group to coordinate their actions and quickly agree on who among them should be listened to. When actual ability does correspond to status, then status hierarchies can be especially useful. They allow leaders to emerge who set informed precedents and influence less knowledgeable group members, allowing groups to use the shared information of their group to make more correct decisions. This can be especially helpful in novel situations where group members must determine who

3933-562: The nonverbal expression of pride conveys a message that is automatically perceived by others about a person's high social status in a group. Behaviorally, pride can also be expressed by adopting an expanded posture in which the head is tilted back and the arms extended out from the body. This postural display is innate as it is shown in congenitally blind individuals who have lacked the opportunity to see it in others. Pride results from self-directed satisfaction with meeting personal goals; for example positive performance outcomes elicit pride in

4002-497: The opposite of shame or of humility , sometimes as proper or as a virtue and sometimes as corrupt or as a vice . With a positive connotation, pride refers to a content sense of attachment toward one's own or another's choices and actions, or toward a whole group of people and is a product of praise , independent self-reflection and a fulfilled feeling of belonging . Other possible objects of pride are one's ethnicity and one's sex identity (for example, LGBT pride ). With

4071-412: The possession of valued attributes, like being beautiful or having a prestigious degree. Other status symbols include wealth and its display through conspicuous consumption . Status in face-to-face interaction can also be conveyed through certain controllable behaviors, such as assertive speech, posture, and emotional displays. Social network analysts have also shown that one's affiliations can also be

4140-454: The presence of men. Although for disadvantaged groups, status disadvantage is not completely negated by valued characteristics, their social status does not depend predominantly on any one group membership. As such, status characteristics research has yet to identify a social characteristic that operates like a robust cross-situational master status. Although a person's status does not always correspond to merit or actual ability, it does allow

4209-572: The primary human problem as low self-esteem stemming from a lack of belief in one's "true worth". Carl Rogers observed that most people "regard themselves as worthless and unlovable." Thus, they lack self-esteem. In the King James Bible , people exhibiting excess pride are labeled with the term, "Haughty" . Pride goeth before destruction, and an haughty spirit before a fall. Terry Cooper describes excessive pride (along with low self-esteem) as an important framework in which to describe

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4278-412: The quality and flexibility of the effort expended. Pride can enhance creativity, productivity, and altruism. Researchers have found that among African-American youth, pride is associated with a higher GPA in less socioeconomically advantaged neighborhoods, whereas in more advantaged neighborhoods, pride is associated with a lower GPA. In the field of economic psychology , pride is conceptualized on

4347-420: The status most important for determining a person's position in a given context, like possessing a mental illness. However, the concept of a master status is controversial. Status characteristics theory argues members of a task group will listen to whomever they believe will most help them solve a problem. One's external status in society (e.g., race or gender) determines influence in small groups, but so does

4416-456: The stratification structure based on their individual merits or achievements like education or training, is thought to be reflective of modern developed societies. Consequently, achieved status implies that social mobility in a society is possible, as opposed to caste systems characterized by immobility based solely on ascribed status. In pre-modern societies, status differentiation is widely varied. In some cases it can be quite rigid, such as with

4485-427: The work of certain neo-Freudian psychoanalysts, namely Karen Horney , and offers promise in addressing what he describes as a "deadlock between the overvalued and undervalued self". Cooper refers to their work in describing the connection between religious and psychological pride as well as sin to describe how a neurotic pride system underlies an appearance of self-contempt and low self-esteem: The "idealized self,"

4554-485: The world seem to have a broad variety. The difference of type may have no greater contrast than that between the U.S. and China. In the U.S., individual pride tends and seems to be held more often in thought. The people in China seem to hold greater views for the nation as a whole. The value of pride in the individual or the society as a whole seems to be a running theme and debate among cultures. This debate shadows

4623-473: Was coined by Italian psychologist Isabella Poggi to describe the pride experienced and expressed in the moments following a personal triumph over adversity. Facial expressions and gestures that demonstrate pride can involve a lifting of the chin, smiles, or arms on hips to demonstrate victory. Individuals may implicitly grant status to others based solely on their expressions of pride, even in cases in which they wish to avoid doing so. Indeed, some studies show that

4692-558: Was originally fragmented, as Asian nations have long had conflicts with each other; examples are the old Japanese and Chinese religious beliefs about their superiority. Asian pride emerged prominently during European colonialism . At one time, Europeans controlled 85% of the world's land through colonialism, resulting in anti-Western feelings among Asian nations. Today, some Asians still look upon European involvement in their affairs with suspicion. In contrast, Asian empires are proudly remembered by adherents of Asian Pride. Black pride

4761-494: Was recognized by a Christian Monk named Evagrius Ponticus in the fourth century as one of the evils human beings should resist. In Germany , "national pride" (" Nationalstolz ") is often associated with Nazism . Strong displays of national pride are therefore considered to be in poor taste by many Germans. There is an ongoing public debate about the issue of German patriotism . The World Cup in 2006, held in Germany, saw

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