The Sherwood-Parkdale Metros were a Canadian Junior ice hockey team from Sherwood , Prince Edward Island . They were one-time Centennial Cup National finalists.
101-792: The Sherwood-Parkdale Metros were founded in the early to mid-1970s as members of Prince Edward Island 's Island Junior Hockey League . They were a Tier II Junior "A" club and were eligible for the Centennial Cup . In 1979, the Metros were the top of the Island Junior Hockey League . They ended up winning the Eastern Canada Junior A championship and entered into the 1979 Centennial Cup in Prince Albert, Saskatchewan . The Metros were up against
202-614: A fixed link in 1985–1986, following aborted attempts at building a highway/railway causeway across Abegweit Passage in 1957 and 1965–1969, saw CN accelerate its attempts to withdraw railway service on Prince Edward Island. In 1975 the railway station in Elmira was re-opened to become the Island's first railway museum. The museum is housed in the actual Elmira railway station. The museum originally included two former Canadian National Railway passenger cars: one former wood sided baggage car and
303-453: A combination of long beaches, dunes, red sandstone cliffs, salt water marshes , and numerous bays and harbours . The beaches, dunes and sandstone cliffs consist of sedimentary rock and other material with a high iron concentration, which oxidizes upon exposure to the air. The geological properties of the white silica sand found at Basin Head are unique in the province; the sand grains cause
404-563: A former IRC bridge over the Miramichi River at Newcastle, New Brunswick . Branches were also constructed at this time off PEIR lines to Vernon Bridge , Montague , and Elmira . From 1915 to 1918, PEIR and IRC would come to be known collectively as the Canadian Government Railways (CGR), although each company would maintain its separate corporate identity and management. The most revolutionary change to
505-723: A garrison of 20 French soldiers under the command of Joseph du Pont Duvivier . The troops fled the settlement, and the New Englanders burned the settlement to the ground. Duvivier and the twenty men retreated up the Northeast River (Hillsborough River), pursued by the New Englanders until the French troops were reinforced with the arrival of the Acadian militia and the Mi'kmaq. The French troops and their allies were able to drive
606-513: A land area of 5,686.03 km (2,195.39 sq mi), is the 104th-largest island in the world and Canada's 23rd-largest island . It is the only Canadian province consisting solely of an island. The island is known in the Mi'kmaq language of its historic indigenous occupants as Abegweit or Epekwitk , roughly translated as "land cradled in the waves". When the island was part of Acadia , originally settled by French colonists, its French name
707-572: A lead-replacement program. A plebiscite in 1967 was held in Charlottetown over fluoridation, and residents voted in favour. Under provincial legislation, the Utility is required to report to its residents on an annual basis. It is also required to do regular sampling of the water and an overview is included in each annual report. The Winter River watershed provides about 92 per cent of the 18-million-litre (4.8-million-US-gallon) water supply for
808-658: A moratorium on high-capacity water wells for irrigation. The release of the discussion paper was to set off a consultation process in the autumn of 2015. Detailed information about the quality of drinking water in PEI communities and watersheds can be found on the provincial government's official website. It provides a summary of the ongoing testing of drinking water done by the Prince Edward Island Analytical Laboratories . Average drinking-water quality results are available, and information on
909-648: A new line was built connecting the Charlottetown-Summerside main line at Emerald Junction with another Northumberland Strait port at Cape Traverse . From Cape Traverse, iceboats would cross the Abegweit Passage to Cape Tormentine, New Brunswick during the winter months. Another new line was built east from Charlottetown to Murray Harbour , part of which included building the Hillsborough River Bridge , using
1010-521: A number of conditions attached regarding upkeep and settlement terms, many of which were not satisfied. Islanders spent decades trying to convince the Crown to confiscate the lots; however, the descendants of the original owners were generally well connected to the British government and refused to give up the land. After the island was detached from Nova Scotia to become a separate colony, Walter Patterson
1111-793: A one-game final for the national championship against the Raiders. The Metros took the Raiders to overtime in the final, but fell 5–4. [1] In 1980, again the Metros won the IJHL. They won the Eastern Canadian championship and moved on to the 1980 Centennial Cup in North York, Ontario . They started out the round robin with a 7–6 double overtime win over the North York Rangers on the OPJHL. Then they played Brent Sutter and
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#17327943664621212-410: A population of 142,910. Of the 140,020 singular responses to the census question concerning mother tongue, the most commonly reported languages were as follows: In addition, there were 460 responses of both English and a "non-official language"; 30 of both French and a "non-official language"; 485 of both English and French; and 20 of English, French, and a "non-official language". (Figures shown are for
1313-465: A result, CN increasingly began to avoid investing capital into improving railway infrastructure in the province. In a classic "demarketing" strategy, CN's deteriorating track conditions resulted in further loss of service to trucks. By the early 1980s CN made it clear the days of its railway operations on Prince Edward Island were numbered, but Island politicians at the provincial and federal level managed to dissuade CN from abandoning. The renewed talk of
1414-453: A scrubbing noise as they rub against each other when walked on, and have been called the "singing sands". Large dune fields on the north shore can be found on barrier islands at the entrances to various bays and harbours. The sand dunes at Greenwich are of particular significance as the shifting, parabolic dune system is home to a variety of birds and rare plants, and it is also a site of significant archeological interest. The climate of
1515-411: A steel railway post office (RPO) car. In the 1990s arson claimed the baggage car. Approximately a decade later, RPO was scrapped having succumbed to age and a lack of preservation activities. The trucks from the baggage car are still on the property. Several railway cars were on display at the provincially operated railway museum at Elmira until the mid-2000s but have since been scrapped due to neglect on
1616-660: Is considered to be more humid continental climate than oceanic since the Gulf of St. Lawrence freezes over, thus eliminating any moderation. The mean temperature is −7 °C (19 °F) in January. During the winter months, the island usually has many storms (which may produce rain as well as snow) and blizzards since during this time, storms originating from the North Atlantic or the Gulf of Mexico frequently pass through. Springtime temperatures typically remain cool until
1717-595: Is located adjacent to a replica railway station. Both can be seen from the Confederation Bridge . Two former railway tank cars reside beside the railway on the property of Island Construction on the Sherwood Road in Charlottetown. Both tank cars are adjacent to the railway trail can be easily seen and photographed from the trail. These tank cars are 36' long each. During the final years of railway operation on PEI these tank cars could be seen parked in
1818-651: Is located in the Gulf of St. Lawrence , west of Cape Breton Island , north of the Nova Scotia peninsula , and northeast of New Brunswick . Its southern shore bounds the Northumberland Strait . The island has two urban areas, and in total, is the most densely populated province in Canada. The larger urban area surrounds Charlottetown Harbour, situated centrally on the island's southern shore. It consists of
1919-441: Is naturally filtered. The water for the city of Charlottetown is extracted from thirteen wells in three wellfields and distributed to customers. The water removed is replenished by precipitation. Infrastructure in Charlottetown that was installed in 1888 is still in existence. With the age of the system in the older part of Charlottetown, concern has been raised regarding lead pipes. The Utility has been working with its residents on
2020-539: Is one of Canada's older settled areas, its population still reflects the origins of its earliest settlers, with Acadian , Scottish, Irish, and English surnames being dominant. Prince Edward Island is located in the Gulf of St. Lawrence , about 10 km (6 miles) across the Northumberland Strait from both Nova Scotia and New Brunswick . It is about 200 kilometres (120 miles) north of Halifax and 600 kilometres (370 miles) east of Quebec City . It has
2121-534: The Violet sank and 280 died; several days later Ruby sank with 213 on board. The French formally ceded the island, and most of New France to the British in the Treaty of Paris of 1763 . Initially named St. John's Island by the British, the island was administered as part of the colony of Nova Scotia, until it was split into a separate colony in 1769. In the mid-1760s, a survey team led by Samuel Holland divided
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#17327943664622222-452: The 2016 Canadian Census of the 139,690 people who self-identified with an ethnic origin, 98,615 were of European origins and 85,145 chose British Isles Origins. The largest ethnic group consists of people of Scottish descent (36%), followed by English (29%), Irish (28%), French (21%), German (5%), and Dutch (3%) descent. Prince Edward Island's population is largely white; there are few visible minorities . Chinese Canadians are
2323-627: The Charlottetown Conference a decade earlier. The railway construction debts pushed the colony into reconsidering Confederation, and following further negotiations, Prince Edward Island became a province of Canada on July 1, 1873. The understated provision in the Prince Edward Island Terms of Union reads as follows: That the railways under contract and in course of construction for the Government of
2424-569: The Island Junior Hockey League to join the Metro Valley Junior Hockey League in Nova Scotia , thus creating the Maritime Junior A Hockey League . The Kings folded. Prince Edward Island Prince Edward Island is an island province of Canada. While it is the smallest province in terms of land area and population, it is the most densely populated. The island has several nicknames: "Garden of
2525-517: The Land Question and construction of a railroad , joined as Canada's seventh province on July 1, 1873. According to Statistics Canada, the province of Prince Edward Island had 177,081 residents in 2024. The backbone of the island economy is farming; it produces 25% of Canada's potatoes . Other important industries include fisheries , tourism, aerospace , biotechnology , information technology and renewable energy . As Prince Edward Island
2626-821: The Red Deer Rustlers of the Alberta Junior Hockey League , losing 6–0. In the third game they lost to North York 4–3 to set up a fourth game that would either make or break the Metros. They forced overtime against the Rustlers, but lost 7–6 in the second period of extra time—ending their tournament. [2] In 1989, the team changed its name to the Sherwood-Parkdale Kings. In 1991, the Summerside Western Capitals and Charlottetown Abbies vacated
2727-741: The United Church of Canada with 26,570 (20%); the Presbyterian Church with 7,885 (6%) and the Anglican Church of Canada with 6,525 (5%); those with no religion were among the lowest of the provinces with 8,705 (6.5%). If one considers that the founders of the United Church of Canada were largely Presbyterians in Prince Edward Island, the Island has one of the highest percentages of Presbyterians in
2828-456: The siege of Louisbourg , the British performed a military campaign on Ile Saint-Jean (now Prince Edward Island) to secure the island. The campaign was led by Colonel Andrew Rollo under orders from General Jeffery Amherst . The following campaigns saw the deportation of most Acadians from the island. Many Acadians died in the expulsion en route to France; on December 13, 1758, the transport ship Duke William sank and 364 died. A day earlier
2929-639: The 18th century, the French were engaged in a series of conflicts with the Kingdom of Great Britain and its colonies. Several battles between the two belligerents occurred on Prince Edward Island during this period. Following the British capture of Louisbourg during the War of the Austrian Succession , New Englanders launched an attack on Île Saint-Jean (now Prince Edward Island); with a British detachment landed at Port-la-Joye. The island's capital had
3030-624: The Borden railway yard and were used to store fuel oil for the ferry boats. Both tank cars are painted a light blue colour (the same paint scheme they featured during their railway service). The western end of the PEIR starts in Tignish, abutting Church Street which forms the downtown axis. A wye-junction just west of the end serves as a turnaround, running north to Maple Street. The line initially runs west-southwest out of town but soon turns south towards
3131-641: The British and French were ended in 1748 with the Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle in 1748. Roughly one thousand Acadians lived on the island prior to the Acadian Exodus from Nova Scotia. The population grew to nearly 5,000 the late 1740s and early 1750s, as Acadians from Nova Scotia fled to the island during the Acadian Exodus , and the subsequent British-ordered expulsions beginning in 1755. Hostilities between British and French colonial forces resumed in 1754, although formal declarations of war were not issued until 1756. After French forces were defeated at
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3232-666: The Canadian Crown". The following island landmarks are also named after the Duke of Kent: In Scottish Gaelic , the island's name is Eilean a' Phrionnsa (lit. "the Island of the Prince", the local form of the longer 'Eilean a' Phrionnsa Iomhair/Eideard'), or Eilean Eòin (literally, "John's Island" in reference to the island's former French name) for some Gaelic speakers in Nova Scotia, though not on PEI. Prince Edward Island
3333-827: The Central Champion Guelph Platers of the Ontario Provincial Junior A Hockey League and the Western Champion Prince Albert Raiders of the Saskatchewan Junior Hockey League . In their first game they lost to Prince Albert 7–2, but beat Guelph 6–5 in the second game. They lost their third game to Prince Albert 8–6. The fourth game was do-or-die, the winner went to the final while the loser went home. The Metros were victorious as they beat Guelph 5–4 to move on to
3434-413: The Gulf", "Birthplace of Confederation" and "Cradle of Confederation". Its capital and largest city is Charlottetown . It is one of the three Maritime provinces and one of the four Atlantic provinces . Part of the traditional lands of the Mi'kmaq , it was colonized by the French in 1604 as part of the colony of Acadia . The island, known as Isle St-Jean (St-John's Island), was ceded to the British at
3535-477: The Island into 67 lots. On July 1, 1767, these properties were allocated to supporters of King George III by means of a lottery. Ownership of the land remained in the hands of landlords in England, angering Island settlers who were unable to gain title to land on which they worked and lived. Significant rent charges (to absentee landlords) created further anger. The land had been given to the absentee landlords with
3636-680: The Island, shall be the property of Canada; Thus the Government of Canada came to inherit the PEIR in 1874 at the same time as construction was progressing on the Intercolonial Railway (IRC), which would link the strategic winter ports of the Canadian Maritimes with Central Canada . New locomotives were purchased from the United Kingdom and from Canadian manufacturers along with new rail cars. In 1885,
3737-588: The Murray Harbour Line continues eastward a short distance before turning south at Hermitage, and then eastward again when it meets the Belle River on the south coast, running the remaining distance to Murray Harbour. A spur was later added in the Belle River area to Wood Islands . This collection of spurs on the PEIR is the only area that has not been fully converted to rail trail use, with several sections currently undeveloped. Like many lines of
3838-505: The New Englanders to their boats. Nine New Englanders were killed, wounded or made prisoner. The New Englanders took six Acadian hostages , who would be executed if the Acadians or Mi'kmaq rebelled against New England control. The New England troops left for Louisbourg. Duvivier and his 20 troops left for Quebec. After the fall of Louisbourg, the resident French population of Île Royale (now Cape Breton Island ) were deported to France, with
3939-473: The PEIR occurred in 1915 when a new icebreaking railcar ferry called Prince Edward Island was ordered by the federal government, arriving from the United Kingdom with a capacity of 12 rail cars, however it would not be until 1917 that the port facilities at Port Borden and Cape Tormentine would be ready to handle the vessel. In the meantime, the Prince Edward Island continued to operate
4040-497: The PEIR was a completely captive system, having no need for interchange with mainland North American railways. Following the start of railcar service in 1917, the lines to Charlottetown and Summerside from Borden were dual-gauged , capable of handling mainland cars with the standard gauge of 1,435 mm ( 4 ft 8 + 1 ⁄ 2 in ) and the PEIR's narrow gauge of 3 ft 6 in ( 1,067 mm ). In September 1918, management of CGR (including PEIR)
4141-579: The United States. In 1873, Canadian Prime Minister John A. Macdonald , anxious to thwart American expansionism and facing the distraction of the Pacific Scandal , negotiated for Prince Edward Island to join Canada. The Dominion Government of Canada assumed the colony's extensive railway debts and agreed to finance a buy-out of the last of the colony's absentee landlords to free the island of leasehold tenure and from any new immigrants entering
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4242-553: The attorney-general at Charlottetown, on advice given them by some Pictou residents after they had taken eight fishing vessels in the Gut of Canso . During and after the American Revolutionary War, from 1776 to 1783, the colony's efforts to attract exiled Loyalist refugees from the rebellious American colonies met with some success. Walter Patterson's brother, John Patterson, one of the original grantees of land on
4343-576: The average daytime high in PEI is 23 °C (73 °F); however, the temperature can sometimes exceed 30 °C (86 °F) during these months. In the winter months of January and February, the average daytime high is −3.3 °C (26 °F). The Island receives an average yearly rainfall of 855 millimetres (33.7 in) and an average yearly snowfall of 2.85 metres (9.4 ft). Winters are moderately cold and long but are milder than inland locations, with clashes of cold Arctic air and milder Atlantic air causing frequent temperature swings. The climate
4444-435: The capital city Charlottetown , the suburban towns of Cornwall and Stratford , and a developing urban fringe . A much smaller urban area developed around Summerside Harbour, situated on the southern shore 40 km (25 mi) west of Charlottetown. This consists primarily of the city of Summerside . As with all natural harbours on the island, Charlottetown and Summerside harbours are created by rias . The coastline has
4545-406: The city of Charlottetown, which had difficulty in each of 2011, 2012 and 2013 with its supply, until water meters were installed. Government tabled a discussion paper on the proposed Water Act for the province on July 8, 2015. The use of groundwater came under scrutiny as the potato industry, which accounts for $ 1 billion every year and 50% of farm receipts, has pressed the government to lift
4646-532: The colony's name from St. John's Island to Prince Edward Island to distinguish it from areas with similar names in what is now Atlantic Canada , such as the cities of Saint John in New Brunswick and St. John's in Newfoundland. The colony's new name honoured the fourth son of King George III , Prince Edward Augustus, the Duke of Kent (1767–1820), who subsequently led the British military forces on
4747-633: The conclusion of the Seven Years' War in 1763 and became part of the colony of Nova Scotia . In 1769, St. John's island became its own British colony and its name was changed to Prince Edward Island (PEI) in 1798. PEI hosted the Charlottetown Conference in 1864 to discuss a union of the Maritime provinces ; however, the conference became the first in a series of meetings which led to Canadian Confederation on July 1, 1867. Prince Edward Island initially balked at Confederation but, facing bankruptcy from
4848-566: The continent as Commander-in-Chief, North America (1799–1800), with his headquarters in Halifax . In 1853, the Island government passed the Land Purchase Act which empowered them to purchase lands from those owners who were willing to sell, and then resell the land to settlers for low prices. This scheme collapsed when the Island ran short of money to continue with the purchases. Many of these lands also were fertile, and were some of
4949-450: The country. Since 2016 there are two Amish settlements on Prince Edward Island. The provincial economy is dominated by the seasonal industries of agriculture, tourism, and the fishery . The island also has tourists who visit year-round. Tourists engage in a variety of leisure activities, including the beaches , various golf courses , eco-tourism adventures, touring the countryside, and varied cultural events in local communities around
5050-495: The eastern side of the airport. The line continues eastward out of Summerside to the New Annan area, where several large potato processing factories were built. Today this is the site of major factories for Cavendish Farms , which runs two dozen factories in this area. The line runs through Kensington and then turns south to Emerald Junction , where a wye junction splits off a spur leading southwest to Borden-Carleton, serving
5151-401: The era, small whistle-stop towns sprang up all along the line, typically where the railway crossed an existing road. These often bear the terms "Junction", "Crossing" or "Station" as part of their names. Many of these exist only as names on a map today, the dwellings long since gone. Due to its relatively recent abandonment, and especially due to maintenance as part of the rail trail conversion,
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#17327943664625252-452: The extension was added. The line continues westward, avoiding Cascumpec Bay , which extends inland to the west for some distance. This takes the line through Elmsdale and O'Leary , where it starts bending back toward the east and south, running through Wellington (and forming Wellington Station). Here it turns east to Summerside . Just west of Summerside a wye was built to provide a spur line to service Summerside Airport , running along
5353-515: The first surveys of the Toronto, Grey and Bruce Railway and the Toronto and Nipissing Railway in Ontario . The PEIR was frequently criticized for its meandering path, reputedly caused by construction contractors who were paid by the mile; this may also be accounted for in economies taken by reducing the amount of grading and trenching required by going around hills and obstacles. At one point there
5454-770: The following parameters are provided: alkalinity; cadmium; calcium; chloride; chromium; iron; magnesium; manganese; nickel; nitrate; pH; phosphorus; potassium; sodium; and sulfate, as well as the presence of pesticides. Water-testing services are provided for a variety of clients through the PEI Analytical Laboratories which assesses according to the recommendations of the Guidelines for Canadian Drinking Water Quality published by Health Canada . Prince Edward Island used to have native moose, bear, caribou, wolf, and other larger species. Due to hunting and habitat disruption these species are no longer found on
5555-411: The former ferry docks. The line continues east from the junction, running east and south to Royalty Junction, just north of Charlottetown. Here a wye formed a spur serving the downtown area. The line continues away from Charlottetown running east-northeast to Mount Stewart , where it splits in a wye just west of town. The mainline continues northeast, while a major spur bends south and then southwest for
5656-410: The government by the next year, a problem that helped pave PEI's entrance into Confederation. The work was picked up by the Canadian Government Railways and largely completed by the mid-1880s. The PEIR saw heavy use, especially during World War II , but like many railways saw declining use through the 1970s. The line officially closed on 31 December 1989 and the rails removed between 1990 and 1992, with
5757-758: The influx of Europeans, the Mi'kmaq First Nations have inhabited Prince Edward Island as part of the region of Mi'kma'ki . They named the Island Epekwitk , meaning "cradled on the waves"; Europeans represented the pronunciation as Abegweit . Another name is Minegoo . The Mi'kmaq's legend is that the island was formed by the Great Spirit placing on the Blue Waters some dark red crescent-shaped clay. The two Mi'kmaq First Nation communities of Prince Edward Island today are Abegweit First Nation and Lennox Island First Nation. In 1534, Jacques Cartier
5858-420: The island "New Ireland", but the British Government promptly vetoed this as it exceeded the authority vested in the colonial government; only the Privy Council in London could change the name of a colony. During the American Revolutionary War Charlottetown was raided in 1775 by a pair of American-employed privateers. Two armed schooners, Franklin and Hancock , from Beverly, Massachusetts , made prisoner of
5959-478: The island (accomplished through the passage of the Land Purchase Act, 1875 ). Prince Edward Island entered Confederation on July 1, 1873. As a result of having hosted the inaugural meeting of Confederation, the Charlottetown Conference, Prince Edward Island presents itself as the "Birthplace of Confederation" and this is commemorated through several buildings, a ferry vessel, and the Confederation Bridge (constructed 1993 to 1997). The most prominent building in
6060-422: The island is a maritime climate considered to be moderate and strongly influenced by the surrounding Gulf of St-Lawrence . As such, it is generally milder than many areas of New Brunswick and Nova Scotia due to the warmer waters of the Gulf of St. Lawrence . The climate is characterized by changeable weather throughout the year; in which specific weather conditions seldom last for long. During July and August,
6161-414: The island rose up to elevate it farther from the surrounding water. Most of the bedrock in Prince Edward Island is composed of red sandstone , part of the Permian age Pictou Group . Although commercial deposits of minerals have not been found, exploration in the 1940s for natural gas beneath the northeastern end of the province resulted in the discovery of an undisclosed quantity of gas. The Island
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#17327943664626262-404: The island's bedrock . When the Pleistocene glaciers receded about 15,000 years ago, glacial debris such as till were left behind to cover most of the area that would become the island. This area was connected to the mainland by a strip of land, but when ocean levels rose as the glaciers melted, this land strip was flooded, forming the island. As the land rebounded from the weight of the ice,
6363-459: The island, was a temporarily exiled Loyalist and led efforts to persuade others to come. Governor Patterson dismissal in 1787, and his recall to London in 1789 dampened his brother's efforts, leading John to focus on his interests in the United States. Edmund Fanning , also a Loyalist exiled by the Revolution, took over as the second governor, serving until 1804. His tenure was more successful than Patterson's. A large influx of Scottish Highlanders in
6464-409: The island. Some species common to P.E.I. are red foxes , coyote , blue jays , and robins . Skunks and raccoons are common non-native species. Species at risk in P.E.I. include piping plovers , american eel , bobolinks , little brown bat , and beach pinweed. Some species are unique to the province. In 2008, a new ascomycete species, Jahnula apiospora ( Jahnulales , Dothideomycetes ),
6565-423: The island. The economy of most rural communities on the island is based on small-scale agriculture . Industrial farming has increased as businesses buy and consolidate older farm properties. The province is limited in terms of heavy industry and manufacturing, though Cavendish Farms runs extensive food manufacturing operations on PEI. Prince Edward Island Railroad The Prince Edward Island Railway ( PEIR )
6666-411: The key factors to sustaining Prince Edward Island's economy. From September 1 to 7, 1864, Prince Edward Island hosted the Charlottetown Conference , which was the first meeting in the process leading to the Quebec Resolutions and the creation of Canada in 1867. Prince Edward Island found the terms of union unfavourable and balked at joining in 1867, choosing to remain a colony of the United Kingdom. In
6767-733: The largest visible minority group of Prince Edward Island, comprising 1.3% of the province's population. Almost half of respondents identified their ethnicity as " Canadian ". * among provinces. † Preliminary 2006 census estimate. Source: Statistics Canada As of the 2021 Canadian Census , the ten most spoken languages in the province included English (149,525 or 99.36%), French (19,445 or 12.92%), Mandarin (2,940 or 1.95%), Hindi (1,660 or 1.1%), Tagalog (1,630 or 1.08%), Punjabi (1,550 or 1.03%), Spanish (1,425 or 0.95%), Arabic (1,165 or 0.77%), German (1,040 or 0.69%), and Vietnamese (785 or 0.52%). The question on knowledge of languages allows for multiple responses. The Canada 2016 Census showed
6868-418: The late 1700s also resulted in St. John's Island having the highest proportion of Scottish immigrants in Canada. This led to a higher proportion of Scottish Gaelic speakers and thriving culture surviving on the island than in Scotland itself, as the settlers could more easily avoid English influence overseas. On November 29, 1798, during Fanning's administration, the British government granted approval to change
6969-417: The late 1860s, the colony examined various options, including the possibility of becoming a discrete dominion unto itself, as well as entertaining delegations from the United States, who were interested in Prince Edward Island joining the United States. In 1871, the colony began construction of the Prince Edward Island Railway (PEIR) and, frustrated by Great Britain's Colonial Office, began negotiations with
7070-402: The late autumn, early winter and mid spring. The following climate chart depicts the average conditions of Charlottetown , as an example of the province's climate. Between 250 and 300 million years ago, freshwater streams flowing from ancient mountains brought silt, sand and gravel into what is now the Gulf of St. Lawrence. These sediments accumulated to form a sedimentary basin , and make up
7171-550: The mid-1990s, all wells that have shown promising gas deposits have been stimulated through hydraulic fracture or "fracking". All oil and natural gas exploration and exploitation activities on the Island are governed by the Oil and Natural Gas Act R.S.P.E.I. 1988, Cap. 0-5 and its associated regulations and orders. The Province of Prince Edward Island is completely dependent on groundwater for its source of drinking water, with approximately 305 high capacity wells in use as of December 2018. As groundwater flows through an aquifer, it
7272-620: The northeast through Bunbury. From here it runs roughly eastward to Lake Verde, where a wye provides a spur running south a short distance to a large turning loop at Vernon Bridge . With the closing of the Hillsborough bridge, a second wye was added just to the east of the first, spurring off the Short Line that runs northward to meet the Montague/Georgetown spur just south of Mount Stewart, near Maple Hill. The mainline of
7373-412: The northern edge of the original western terminus of the line at Alberton . Here the line folds back on itself, leaving town west-northwest almost parallel to the incoming line, an artifact of its later extension. The line originally bent south to run through town to the docks at Northport . The line to Northport was turned into a spur by building a large wye junction at the sharp curve that developed when
7474-517: The number of single language responses and the percentage of total single-language responses.) According to the 2021 census , religious groups in Prince Edward Island included: Traditionally, the population has been evenly divided between Catholic and Protestant affiliations. The 2001 census indicated number of adherents for the Roman Catholic Church with 63,240 (47%) and various Protestant churches with 57,805 (43%). This included
7575-516: The part of the PEI Museum & Heritage Foundation. An ex-CN caboose 78431 was acquired and moved to museum in 2009. In 1990, a diesel locomotive (class MLW RSC-14 number 1767) donated to Summerside several years earlier, needed to be moved to nearby Kensington . Although now abandoned, the railway's tracks were still intact between both locations, except for several grade crossings at local roads where rails had been removed. The locomotive
7676-710: The province honouring this event is the Confederation Centre of the Arts , presented as a gift to Prince Edward Islanders by the 10 provincial governments and the Federal Government upon the centenary of the Charlottetown Conference, where it stands in Charlottetown as a national monument to the " Fathers of Confederation ". The centre is one of the 22 National Historic Sites of Canada located in Prince Edward Island. According to
7777-486: The province of Prince Edward Island , construction of the PEIR started in 1871, eventually financed by Canada . The line was initially built to 3 ft 6 in ( 1,067 mm ) gauge, under the supervision of Chief Engineer John Edward Boyd a native of Saint John, New Brunswick who first advocated the use of narrow gauge for the New Brunswick Railway in the 1860s, and was responsible for
7878-563: The provincial government receiving a one-time payment of $ 200 million to upgrade the road network in exchange for not opposing the closure. The provincial government purchased the properties in 1994, and 75 per cent of the route now forms the basis of the Confederation Trail rail trail system. The station in Elmira at the eastern end of the line is now used as the Elmira Railway Museum. Located wholly within
7979-699: The railway was pressed into service to supply a radar base in Tignish, as well as a flight training school in Mount Pleasant , midway between Summerside and Tignish. Increased use of diesel locomotives in North America during and after the Second World War saw CNR completely dieselize its operations on Prince Edward Island by the late 1940s as a means to save money on hauling bulk coal to the province. This meant that Prince Edward Island rail lines had diesel locomotives fully one decade before
8080-549: The remaining Acadians of Île Saint-Jean living under the threat of deportation for the remainder of the war. New Englanders had a force of 200 soldiers stationed at Port-La-Joye , as well as two warships boarding supplies for its journey of Louisbourg. To regain Acadia, Ramezay was sent from Quebec to the region to join forces with the Duc d'Anville expedition . Upon arriving at Chignecto, he sent Boishebert to Île Saint-Jean to ascertain
8181-568: The rest of Canada saw the last of steam , giving the province a prominent place in Canadian railway history as one of the first regional dieselization projects. The rising popularity of automobiles travelling on government-funded all-weather highways saw passenger rail traffic decline sharply during the 1950s and into the 1960s. The last passenger train on Prince Edward Island operated in 1968, being replaced by buses thereafter. CN (name change to Canadian National Railway or acronym CN in 1960)
8282-529: The route of PEIR remains easily visible in aerial and satellite photos. Steven Boyko notes on his blog Side note: RDC D302 was tested on PEI in March 1958 but "it proved unsuitable because of difficulties it encountered crossing the ferry ramp, and negotiating the sharp turns between Borden and Charlottetown". The following vessels were owned and operated by CNR/CN (1918–1977), CN Marine (CN subsidiary, 1977–1986) or by successor Marine Atlantic (post-1986) on
8383-439: The run to Montague Junction. Here a wye forms a spur running southwest to Montague and southeast and Georgetown. The mainline continues out of Mount Stewart and passes through Morell , and, on the eastern side of town, begins to parallel the northern coast of the island as far as Saint Peter's Bay. Here it leaves the coast and continues eastward to a wye at Harmony Junction, where it originally looped back westward and then south for
8484-408: The sea ice has melted, usually in late April or early May. Summers are moderately warm, with the daily maximum temperature only occasionally reaching as high as 30 °C (86 °F). Autumn is a pleasant season, as the moderating Gulf waters delay the onset of frost, although storm activity increases compared to the summer. There is ample precipitation throughout the year, although it is heaviest in
8585-506: The service to the port of Pictou, Nova Scotia from Georgetown and Charlottetown for the next two years. The new ferry port at Borden required the Cape Traverse-Emerald Junction line be modified, and a line was constructed to Borden, along with marshalling yards and other facilities. The Cape Traverse line would only last a few more years before being abandoned following the move to Borden. Up until this point,
8686-480: The short run to Souris. The Harmony wye made the Souris line a spur, with the mainline continuing east to its ultimate end in Elmira. Like the western end, a wye junction and spur just west of Elmira allowed the trains to turn around. The Murray Harbour Line started at the end of the mainline spur in Charlottetown, crossing the Hillsborough River Bridge (the original pilings can still be seen) before bending sharply to
8787-497: The size of the New England force. After Boishebert returned, Ramezay sent Joseph-Michel Legardeur de Croisille et de Montesson along with over 500 men, 200 of whom were Mi'kmaq, to Port-La-Joye. In July 1746, the battle happened near York River. Montesson and his troops killed forty New Englanders and captured the rest. Montesson was commended for having distinguished himself in his first independent command. Hostilities between
8888-412: The use of icebreakers , some of which were the largest of their kind in the world at one time. Trucks soon began to take traffic away from freight operations on Prince Edward Island, particularly as CNR improved the ferry system to accept more road vehicles. By the 1970s, critical agricultural cargo such as the potato harvests were increasingly transferring to trucks with each successive season. As
8989-403: Was Île Saint-Jean (St. John's Island). In French, the island is today called Île-du-Prince-Édouard (ÎPÉ). The island was split from the British colony of Nova Scotia in 1769, and renamed in 1798 after Prince Edward, Duke of Kent and Strathearn (1767–1820), the fourth son of King George III and, in 1819, father of the future Queen Victoria . Thus, Prince Edward has been called "Father of
9090-529: Was a historic Canadian railway in Prince Edward Island (PEI). The railway ran tip-to-tip on the island, from Tignish in the west to Elmira in the east, with major spurs serving Borden-Carleton 's train ferry dock, the capital in Charlottetown , Montague and Georgetown and the original eastern terminus at Souris . A major spur from Charlottetown served Murray Harbour on the south coast. Construction began in 1871 but costs almost bankrupted
9191-496: Was a major presence in Prince Edward Island's economy, from operating the freight and passenger railway (and later bus) services, to a large fleet of company owned and operated ferries. The ferry system was noteworthy by the fact that it was mandated by Prince Edward Island's "Terms of Union" under the British North America Act of Canadian Confederation , to provide "efficient steamship service." This required
9292-408: Was appointed the first British governor of St. John's Island in 1769. Assuming the office in 1770, he had a controversial career during which land title disputes and factional conflict slowed the initial attempts to populate and develop the island under a feudal system . In an attempt to attract settlers from Ireland, in one of his first acts (1770) Patterson led the island's colonial assembly to rename
9393-549: Was collected from submerged wood in a freshwater creek on Prince Edward Island. North Atlantic right whales , one of the rarest whale species, were once thought to be rare visitors into St. Lawrence regions until 1994, have been showing dramatic increases (annual concentrations were discovered off Percé in 1995 and gradual increases across the regions since in 1998), and since in 2014, notable numbers of whales have been recorded around Cape Breton to Prince Edward Island as 35 to 40 whales were seen in these areas in 2015. Before
9494-540: Was completed from Tignish to Charlottetown by 1924, and remaining lines in the east end of the province were completed by 1926 except for the Murray Harbour line which was standard gauged by September 1930. The last significant railway construction on Prince Edward Island occurred during the early 1930s when the Hillsborough River Bridge carrying the Murray Harbour line over the Hillsborough River
9595-497: Was on average one railway station for every 2.5 miles (4 km) of track. The main line connected the northwestern port of Alberton (later extended to Tignish ) with the Northumberland Strait ports of Summerside , Charlottetown , Georgetown , and Souris . By 1872, construction debts threatened to bankrupt the colony. The United Kingdom had consistently encouraged the small colony to enter into Canadian Confederation , something which it had been avoiding since playing host to
9696-532: Was removed and trains trying to reach Southport on the opposite side of Charlottetown Harbour would have to run over 30 miles (48.3 km) via Mount Stewart Junction and the Short Line . CNR was busy on Prince Edward Island during the Second World War when a 2-mile (3.2 km) spur line was built from St. Eleanors , west of Summerside, to service a new air force base ( CFB Summerside ), and
9797-489: Was reported by government to have only 0.08 tcf of "technically recoverable" natural gas. Twenty exploration wells for hydrocarbon resources have been drilled on Prince Edward Island and offshore. The first reported well was Hillsborough No.#1, drilled in Charlottetown Harbour in 1944 (the world's first offshore well), and the most recent was New Harmony No.#1 in 2007. Since the resurgence of exploration in
9898-512: Was the first European to see the island. In 1604, the Kingdom of France laid claim to the lands of the Maritimes under the discovery doctrine , including Prince Edward Island, establishing the French colony of Acadia . The island was named Île Saint-Jean (St. John's Island) by the French. The Mi'kmaq never recognized the claim but welcomed the French as trading partners and allies. During
9999-409: Was towed by construction machinery across temporary tracks built over these roads to its new location, where it remains on display as part of a community-operated railway museum. The former Kensington Railway Station was designated a National Historic Site of Canada . Another railway car is currently undergoing preservation at Borden-Carleton . This car is a plywood sided, former CNR, caboose and
10100-468: Was transferred to the newly nationalized Canadian Northern Railway (CNoR). These companies were assumed by a new Crown corporation established by the federal government in December 1918, called Canadian National Railways (CNR). By 1923 all corporate entities ceased to exist under CNR. Soon after CNR took over, it was decided to standard gauge all narrow gauge trackage on Prince Edward Island. This
10201-472: Was unable to handle the heavier standard gauge cars, thus a 10-mile (16.1 km) connecting track called the Short Line was built from a point at Maple Hill Junction on the Mount Stewart Jct.-Georgetown line, to connect with the Murray Harbour track at Lake Verde Junction . In 1951, the Hillsborough River bridge was deemed too weak to carry even the lightest engines and cars, thus the trackage
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