73-413: Shireoaks Hall is a grade II* listed 17th-century country house in the hamlet of Shireoaks , 2 + 1 ⁄ 4 miles (3.6 km) north-west of Worksop , Nottinghamshire , UK. The modestly sized house was originally built for Thomas Hewett, probably by John Smythson (son of Robert Smythson ), between 1612 and 1617. It was remodelled around 1700 and further restored in 1812 and again after 1975. It
146-428: A fortunate few; it was the centre of its own world, providing employment to hundreds of people in the vicinity of its estate . In previous eras, when state benefits were unheard of, those working on an estate were among the most fortunate, receiving secured employment and rent-free accommodation. At the summit of this category of people was the indoor staff of the country house. Unlike many of their contemporaries prior to
219-405: A marital endowment. The design of the building is attributed to the architect John Smythson, son of Robert Smythson , and the date of the work probably between 1612 and 1617. Old heraldic arms were restored to Sir Thomas in 1618 by Richard St George . This was a substantial but compact rectangular structure built of Magnesian Limestone , its principal frontages facing south-west, to a prospect of
292-529: A mixture of high architecture , often as interpreted by a local architect or surveyor, and determined by practicality as much as by the whims of architectural taste. An example of this is Brympton d'Evercy in Somerset, a house of many periods that is unified architecturally by the continuing use of the same mellow, local Ham Hill stone . The fashionable William Kent redesigned Rousham House only to have it quickly and drastically altered to provide space for
365-480: A valuable coal seam beneath the land, in time sold much of it to the Shireoaks Colliery Company, and in 1863 built a church for the growing colliery village. In 1945 the hall, by now somewhat dilapidated, was sold to a local farmer. The house and the water gardens have been separately owned since the 1970s. Country house An English country house is a large house or mansion in
438-576: Is built of coarse square rubble with a slate roof and stands in a rectangular 40-acre (16 ha), formerly open parkland with avenues of trees, fishponds and a deerpark, which is now enclosed as farmland. The 17th and 18th-century landscaped park that surrounds the hall is Grade II* listed on the Register of Historic Parks and Gardens . The manor of Shireoaks was given to the Priory of Worksop by Emma de Lovetot, whose husband William de Lovetot founded
511-510: Is called a castle, but not all buildings with the name "castle" are fortified (for example Highclere Castle in Hampshire ). The term stately home is subject to debate, and avoided by historians and other academics. As a description of a country house, the term was first used in a poem by Felicia Hemans , "The Homes of England", originally published in Blackwood's Magazine in 1827. In
584-473: Is politics; they talk politics; and they make politics, quite spontaneously. There are no written terms for distinguishing between vast country palaces and comparatively small country houses; the descriptive terms, which can include castle , manor and court , provide no firm clue and are often only used because of a historical connection with the site of such a building. Therefore, for ease or explanation, Britain's country houses can be categorised according to
657-508: Is said to be buried in his chapel. The death of the Revd. Hewett was the signal for the Hall itself to be torn down except for that portion of the walls which were bought for a small sum by Mr Froggett, of Sheffield, and fitted up as a dwelling. The Duke's descendants sold it in 1842, together with their Manor of Worksop, to the then Duke of Newcastle . In 1854 the latter Duke's successor discovered
730-577: Is the ITV series Downton Abbey . Magnesian Limestone The Magnesian Limestone is a suite of carbonate rocks in north-east England dating from the Permian period. The outcrop stretches from Nottingham northwards through Yorkshire and into County Durham where it is exposed along the coast between Hartlepool and South Shields . The term has now been discontinued in formal use though it appears widely in popular and scientific literature on
803-567: The 1850s, with the English economy booming, new mansions were built in one of the many revivalist architectural styles popular throughout the 19th century. The builders of these new houses were able to take advantage of the political unrest in Europe that gave rise to a large trade in architectural salvage. This new wave of country house building is exemplified by the Rothschild properties in
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#1732791014856876-419: The 18th century with houses such as Castle Howard , Kedleston Hall and Holkham Hall . Such building reached its zenith from the late 17th century until the mid-18th century; these houses were often completely built or rebuilt in their entirety by one eminent architect in the most fashionable architectural style of the day and often have a suite of Baroque state apartments, typically in enfilade , reserved for
949-488: The 20th century, the term was later popularised in a song by Noël Coward , and in modern usage it often implies a country house that is open to visitors at least some of the time. In England, the terms "country house" and "stately home" are sometimes used vaguely and interchangeably; however, many country houses such as Ascott in Buckinghamshire were deliberately designed not to be stately, and to harmonise with
1022-474: The 20th century, they slept in proper beds, wore well-made adequate clothes and received three proper meals a day, plus a small wage. In an era when many still died from malnutrition or lack of medicine, the long working hours were a small price to pay. As a result of the aristocratic habit of only marrying within the aristocracy, and whenever possible to a sole heiress, many owners of country houses owned several country mansions, and would visit each according to
1095-728: The Earle family of Rampton. Having matriculated at the University of Oxford in 1676, in 1677 he leased the Hall for seven years to William and Richard Sanderson of Godford. This younger (Sir) Thomas Hewett , having completed his studies at Oxford, a term of service in the Yeomen of the Guard to Charles II , and some four or five years of travel in Europe, in 1689 married in Geneva and brought his young wife Frances home to Shireoaks. Thomas settled
1168-486: The English countryside. Such houses were often owned by individuals who also owned a town house . This allowed them to spend time in the country and in the city—hence, for these people, the term distinguished between town and country. However, the term also encompasses houses that were, and often still are, the full-time residence for the landed gentry who dominated rural Britain until the Reform Act 1832 . Frequently,
1241-406: The Hall itself, he built a garden canal 250 metres long. This was fed from a circular basin 122 metres in diameter situated (on the same line) in a woodland plantation 880 metres from the Hall, itself fed by a 400-metre culvert from Netherhall. Between the basin and the farther end of the canal was created an artificial system of 34 cascades falling through 12 separate pools. Over all this distance
1314-420: The Hall, between Thorpe Lane to the north, Spring Lane to the east, Steetley Lane to the south and Dumb Hall Lane and Netherhall Lane in the west. Through this landscape Sir Thomas Hewett laid out a formal prospect. A great lawn extended from the south front of the Hall, ending in a ha-ha to exclude livestock from the park without interrupting the view. Beyond this, in line with the central (front-to-back) axis of
1387-674: The King's Works had been Secretary to the Board, and Clerk of Works at Whitehall, Westminster and St James's, shared Hewett's enthusiasm for hydrostatics and designed and built a Bathhouse-Summerhouse for Sir George Savile, 7th Baronet , at Rufford Abbey in 1730. By Sir Thomas's will his estates including Shireoaks, having been held by his wife, in 1744 came under the administration of his godson John Thornhaugh of Osberton Hall (near Worksop), grandson of John Thornhagh , M.P. and Elizabeth Earle of Stragglethorpe , and son of Saint-Andrew Thornhagh, who
1460-401: The Revd. John Hewett (1722-1811), as the male heir of his father Revd. John Hewett of Harthill (c.1690-1757). The Duke of Leeds , as lay patron of the church of Harthill (closely in the sphere of Kiveton and Wales), had granted that benefice to his grandfather (John, c. 1664–1715) in 1695, to which his father followed in 1715 and the younger John in 1757. He came to the estate of Shireoaks at
1533-695: The Seaham Residue. Much of the Magnesian Limestone is dolomite , i.e. calcium magnesium carbonate, and has been for many years the main source of dolomite-rock in Britain. It is used in connection with the production of refractory bricks but also for aggregate for road-building and other construction purposes. It is also used in the production of agricultural lime. This type of limestone was used for statues in antiquity because of its resistance to acid. Many pieces of dolomite were found in
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#17327910148561606-649: The age of 65 and enjoyed it for more than 20 years. He built a chapel of ease attached to the estate in 1809: "a neat stone edifice, consisting of a nave and chancel, with an octangular tower surmounted by a cupola." This structure, minus the tower, is now the Shireoaks village hall. In 1810 the Revd. John made a deed of gift of the Hall and estate to his relative John Wheatley, reserving his own lifetime occupancy. Wheatley instantly (the same day) re-sold it to Vincent Eyre, agent for Charles Howard, 11th Duke of Norfolk , seated at Worksop. The new owner soon began to cut down
1679-429: The beech avenues, greatly to the Revd. Hewett's mortification, and while he was unable to prevent what had been done he showed in law that the timber was not contained in the sale, and obliged the owner to pay for it. On his last excursion from the hall the old man's carriage was actually obstructed from passing by the felled trees lying across the way. The shock of this devastation brought on his death (aged 89) in 1811. He
1752-467: The best-known examples of the showy prodigy house , often built with the intention of attracting the monarch to visit. By the reign of Charles I , Inigo Jones and his form of Palladianism had changed the face of English domestic architecture completely, with the use of turrets and towers as an architectural reference to the earlier castles and fortified houses completely disappearing. The Palladian style, in various forms, interrupted briefly by baroque ,
1825-410: The birth of a grandson Thomas Hewett in around 1656. However William died at about the same time as his father (which was in 1660–1661), and so the infant Thomas at four years of age became the heir to Shireoaks. He was taken to Shrewsbury (where his grandfather Sir Richard Prynce the younger (1598-1665) was yet living, at Whitehall mansion) for education, and during his minority the Hall was occupied by
1898-430: The building of the house in the wood called Scratoe and also have designed to make severall Cutts and other ornaments in and about the said Wood according to a draught and design I have made and drawn thereof", he therefore empowered his trustees to complete the work. He made his widow's lifetime tenure of the hall dependent (among other responsibilities) upon her maintaining there a herd of 200 deer. He asked to be buried in
1971-542: The chancel of the church at Wales, Yorkshire , where he has a monument with an informative inscription. His widow went to live in London where she died in 1756 aged 88, but she was buried beside her husband in the church at Wales. She is said to have retained her beauty and accomplishments into old age. Her will details her collections of paintings and her tea-sets of blue-and-white and red-and white china . John Hallam, who under Sir Thomas Hewett's regime as Surveyor-General of
2044-524: The circumstances of their creation. The great houses are the largest of the country houses; in truth palaces, built by the country's most powerful – these were designed to display their owners' power or ambitions to power. Really large unfortified or barely fortified houses began to take over from the traditional castles of the crown and magnates during the Tudor period, with vast houses such as Hampton Court Palace and Burghley House , and continued until
2117-472: The country saw the building of the first of the unfortified great houses. Henry VIII 's Dissolution of the Monasteries saw many former ecclesiastical properties granted to the King's favourites, who then converted them into private country houses. Woburn Abbey , Forde Abbey and many other mansions with abbey or priory in their name became private houses during this period. Other terms used in
2190-428: The design of the wing around the next corner. These varying "improvements", often criticised at the time, today are the qualities that make English country houses unique. Wealthy and influential people, often bored with their formal duties, go to the country in order to get out of London, the ugliest and most uncomfortable city in the world; they invented the long week-end to stay away as long as possible. Their métier
2263-427: The early 1970s, hundreds of country houses were demolished . Houses that survived destruction are now mostly Grade I or II listed as buildings of historic interest with restrictions on restoration and re-creation work. However such work is usually very expensive. Several houses have been restored, some over many years. For example at Copped Hall where the restoration started in 1995 continues to this day. Although
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2336-486: The family evolved. Henry died in 1598, leaving his "Manour, Lordshippe or Grange of Sherookes" to his eldest son and heir (Sir) Thomas Hewett. The "Grange" refers to the monastic manorial farmstead. The construction of Shireoaks Hall as a more imposing residence on this site is credited to this Sir Thomas, grandson of the Clothworker Thomas. Before 1619 he conveyed the manor to William Wrottesley, presumably as
2409-414: The formal business of the counties was transacted in these country houses, having functional antecedents in manor houses . With large numbers of indoor and outdoor staff, country houses were important as places of employment for many rural communities. In turn, until the agricultural depressions of the 1870s , the estates, of which country houses were the hub, provided their owners with incomes. However,
2482-541: The geology of northern England. The Magnesian Limestone is now incorporated within the Zechstein Group . In the southern part of its outcrop, the former 'Lower Magnesian Limestone' is now referred to as the ' Cadeby Formation '. Overlying this it is the 'Edlington Formation' (formerly the ' Middle Permian Marl') and above this the Brotherton Formation (formerly the 'Upper Magnesian Limestone'). In
2555-479: The home counties and Bletchley Park (rebuilt in several styles, and famous for its code-breaking role in World War II). The slow decline of the English country house coincided with the rise not just of taxation, but also of modern industry, along with the agricultural depression of the 1870s. By 1880, this had led some owners into financial shortfalls as they tried to balance maintenance of their estates with
2628-435: The household. These houses were always an alternative residence to a London house. During the 18th and 19th centuries, for the highest echelons of English society, the country house served as a place for relaxing, hunting and running the country with one's equals at the end of the week, with some houses having their own theatre where performances were staged. The country house, however, was not just an oasis of pleasure for
2701-556: The immediately preceding war then in World War I, were now paying far higher rates of tax, and agricultural incomes had dropped. Thus, the solution for many was to hold contents auctions and then demolish the house and sell its stone, fireplaces , and panelling . This is what happened to many of Britain's finest houses. Despite this slow decline, so necessary was the country house for entertaining and prestige that in 1917 Viscount Lee of Fareham donated his country house Chequers to
2774-438: The income they provided. Some relied on funds from secondary sources such as banking and trade while others, like the severely impoverished Duke of Marlborough , sought to marry American heiresses to save their country houses and lifestyles. The ultimate demise began immediately following World War I . The members of the huge staff required to maintain large houses had either left to fight and never returned, departed to work in
2847-491: The landscape, while some of the great houses such as Kedleston Hall and Holkham Hall were built as "power houses" to dominate the landscape, and were most certainly intended to be "stately" and impressive. In his book Historic Houses: Conversations in Stately Homes , the author and journalist Robert Harling documents nineteen "stately homes"; these range in size from the vast Blenheim Palace and Castle Howard to
2920-415: The late 19th and early 20th centuries were the swansong of the traditional English country house lifestyle. Increased taxation and the effects of World War I led to the demolition of hundreds of houses ; those that remained had to adapt to survive. While a château or a Schloss can be a fortified or unfortified building, a country house, similar to an Ansitz , is usually unfortified. If fortified, it
2993-544: The latter two are ducal palaces, Montacute, although built by a Master of the Rolls to Queen Elizabeth I, was occupied for the next 400 years by his descendants, who were gentry without a London townhouse , rather than aristocracy. They finally ran out of funds in the early 20th century. However, the vast majority of English country houses, often owned at different times by gentlemen and peers , are an evolution of one or more styles with facades and wings in different styles in
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3066-418: The manor and premises in Shireoaks upon his marriage, by lease and release to Sir Edward Betenson, 2nd Bart. , in 1692. He became a noted royal servant and official, Surveyor-General of Woods in 1701 and 1714 and Surveyor of the King's Works from 1719 until his death in 1726. Privately he made extensive alterations and improvements to his house and park at Shireoaks. His wife was a friend and correspondent of
3139-655: The minuscule Ebberston Hall , and in architecture from the Jacobean Renaissance of Hatfield House to the eccentricities of Sezincote . The book's collection of stately homes also includes George IV's Brighton town palace, the Royal Pavilion . The country houses of England have evolved over the last five hundred years. Before this time, larger houses were usually fortified, reflecting the position of their owners as feudal lords , de facto overlords of their manors . The Tudor period of stability in
3212-416: The most eminent guests, the entertainment of whom was of paramount importance in establishing and maintaining the power of the owner. The common denominator of this category of English country houses is that they were designed to be lived in with a certain degree of ceremony and pomp. It was not unusual for the family to have a small suite of rooms for withdrawing in privacy away from the multitude that lived in
3285-399: The munitions factories, or filled the void left by the fighting men in other workplaces. Of those who returned after the war, many left the countryside for better-paid jobs in towns. The final blow for many country houses came following World War II ; having been requisitioned during the war, they were returned to the owners in poor repair. Many estate owners, having lost their heirs, if not in
3358-468: The names of houses to describe their origin or importance include palace , castle , court , hall , mansion , park , house , manor , and place . It was during the second half of the reign of Elizabeth I , and under her successor, James I , that the first architect-designed mansions, thought of today as epitomising the English country house, began to make their appearance. Burghley House , Longleat House , and Hatfield House are among
3431-454: The nation for the use of a prime minister who might not possess one of his or her own. Chequers still fulfills that need today as do both Chevening House and Dorneywood , donated for sole use of high-ranking ministers of the Crown. Today, many country houses have become hotels, schools, hospitals and museums, while others have survived as conserved ruins, but from the early 20th century until
3504-934: The north, the Lower Magnesian Limestone is now referred to as the Raisby Formation and the middle Magnesian Limestone as the Ford Formation. The Upper Magnesian Limestone is replaced by the Roker Formation (in its lower part) and the Seaham Formation (in its upper part) with the Edlington formation between them, though in the Durham area this last is replaced by the Fordham Evaporite Formation and
3577-485: The north-east of these, enclosing the north-west boundary of the terraced garden. A canal pool, called the "Fountain Pool", was created below the north-east side of the terraces, 127 metres long and 21 metres wide, with a semicircular extension at the centre of the farther side (corresponding to the house axis), presumably the position of a fountain. The main extent of the park (now mostly agricultural land) lay south-west of
3650-468: The owner of a "power house" or a small manor, the inhabitants of the English country house have become collectively referred to as the ruling class, because this is exactly what they did in varying degrees, whether by having high political influence and power in national government, or in the day-to-day running of their own localities or "county" in such offices as lord/deputy lieutenant , magistrates , or occasionally even clergy. The Country house mystery
3723-529: The owner's twelve children. Canons Ashby , home to poet John Dryden 's family, is another example of architectural evolution: a medieval farmhouse enlarged in the Tudor era around a courtyard, given grandiose plaster ceilings in the Stuart period , and then having Georgian façades added in the 18th century. The whole is a glorious mismatch of styles and fashions that seamlessly blend together. These could be called
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#17327910148563796-512: The ownership or management of some houses has been transferred to a private trust , most notably at Chatsworth , other houses have transferred art works and furnishings under the Acceptance in Lieu scheme to ownership by various national or local museums, but retained for display in the building. This enables the former owners to offset tax, the payment of which would otherwise have necessitated
3869-408: The park and estates, and north-east overlooking a large enclosed rectangular terrace garden on the same lateral alignment, with the course of the river Ryton just beyond. Across the upper terrace next to the house a path aligned on the central axis of the house leads down a flight of steps to the main broad terrace, across this and beyond, to two further flights leading to narrower lower terraces towards
3942-477: The precise location was debated, but one enormous tree standing in the 18th century was said to overhang all three. In 1576 Thomas Hewett, who became a very prosperous London merchant, died leaving Shireoaks manor to his son Henry, also a citizen Clothworker. Henry's brother William had received the parsonage of Dunton Bassett in Leicestershire, and lands at Mansfield , from his uncle: distinct branches of
4015-543: The priory in 1105. The Prior and convent leased the grange to Henry Ellis and his wife Dame Luce in 1458. In August 1546, following the Dissolution of the Monasteries by King Henry VIII , the manor, lordship or grange, with appurtenances in Sherockes, Gytford and Derfold (Darfoulds), was granted to Robert and Hugh Thornhill of Walkeringham with licence to alienate it to Thomas Hewett, Clothworker of London. At about
4088-462: The private sale of the art works. For example, tapestries and furniture at Houghton Hall are now owned by the Victoria and Albert Museum . In addition, increasing numbers of country houses hold licences for weddings and civil ceremonies . Another source of income is to use the house as a venue for parties, a film location or a corporate entertainment venue. While many country houses are open to
4161-472: The public and derive income through that means, they remain homes, in some cases inhabited by the descendants of their original owners. The lifestyles of those living and working in a country house in the early 20th century were recreated in a BBC television programme, The Edwardian Country House , filmed at Manderston House in Scotland. Another television programme which features life in country houses
4234-589: The river. The Hall stands midway along the south-western edge of this garden, the perimeter walls enclosing a considerable area of land thought to have been laid out thus in the original phase of construction. The Sir Thomas Hewett for whom this Hall was built resided at Shireoaks and became Sheriff of Nottinghamshire for 1627. He lived long, through the English Civil War and the Commonwealth of England , and to see his son William Hewett married and
4307-581: The same time Thomas Hewett had acquired the (already plundered) house and lands of Roche Abbey at Maltby, South Yorkshire (about 7 miles north of Shireoaks), from which he could have recovered building stone. He kept Roche for 18 years until granted licence to alienate it to Richard Hunt of Manchester in January 1563/64. The brothers William and Thomas Hewett were born in the hamlet of Wales , in Laughton-en-le-Morthen , South Yorkshire ,
4380-519: The season: Grouse shooting in Scotland , pheasant shooting and fox hunting in England. The Earl of Rosebery , for instance, had Dalmeny House in Scotland, Mentmore Towers in Buckinghamshire, and another house near Epsom just for the racing season. For many, this way of life, which began a steady decline in 1914, continued well into the 20th century, and for a few continues to this day. In
4453-444: The second category of Britain's country houses are those that belonged to the squirearchy or landed gentry . These tend either to have evolved from medieval hall houses, with rooms added as required, or were purpose-built by relatively unknown local architects. Smaller, and far greater in number than the "power houses", these were still the epicentre of their own estate, but were often the only residence of their owner. However, whether
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#17327910148564526-492: The sons of Edmund Hewett. Around 1530 both became free of the newly chartered Company of Clothworkers in the city of London. William Hewett the Master of that Company in 1543-1544 (after he had purchased Harthill, and shortly before Thomas purchased Roche and Shireoaks), was Sheriff of London (with Thomas Offley ) for 1553-1554 ( Queen Mary 's first year), and was elected Lord Mayor of London in 1559 (as Elizabeth I 's reign
4599-509: The three classical orders , and with "little Cupids on several Angles prettily design'd". The ceilings were painted by Henry Trench (an Irish historical painter who studied in Italy and died in 1726), and the building housed a bust of Sir Thomas Hewett by John Michael Rysbrack . Hewett's banqueting house no longer exists. Hewett also formed or enlarged the deer-park. The works were not entirely complete at his death in 1726: "Whereas I have begun
4672-493: The true English country house. Wilton House , one of England's grandest houses, is in a remarkably similar vein; although, while the Drydens, mere squires, at Canons Ashby employed a local architect, at Wilton the mighty Earls of Pembroke employed the finest architects of the day: first Holbein , 150 years later Inigo Jones, and then Wyatt followed by Chambers. Each employed a different style of architecture, seemingly unaware of
4745-483: The woodlands to the north of the basin (Shireoaks Park Wood) and those to the south-west of it (Scratta Wood) formed the distant backdrop to the scene. In Scratta Wood Sir Thomas built a pavilion or banqueting house in Italian style. It was a rectangular structure with flights of steps to entrances at each end. Inside were three rooms with marble walls and floors, each differently appointed with pilasters according to
4818-513: The young Lady Mary Wortley Montagu . In addition to the alterations of c. 1700 to the main house at Shireoaks, various built developments around the Hall were carried out. A matching pair of two-storey rectangular outbuildings with steeply-pitched hipped roofs , now called the East and West Stables (but with domestic fenestration ), were built at the north approach to the Hall, the space between them forming an entrance way. Two pools were developed to
4891-758: Was a Fellow of the Society of Antiquaries of London by 1771, and received antiquary visitors at Shireoaks during the 1770s. He had his own collections of books and pictures, and a cabinet of foreign medals and coins is particularly mentioned in his will. He died in 1787 without male issue. His wife of his late years (after 1783), John Norris Hewett , survived him and died in Richmond, Surrey in 1790. John (Thornhaugh) Hewett and Arabella are buried at Sturton le Steeple , Nottinghamshire, where both have memorial inscriptions. With John Hewett's death in 1787, Shireoaks and other properties passed (under Sir Thomas Hewett's will) to
4964-470: Was a pathway along the south side and a sheltering line of yew trees interspersed with a single linden tree after every third yew. Two long straight avenues of beech trees were planted on lines opening away symmetrically from the Hall and diverging from the canal as their median axis, so as to frame the Vista (the arrangement called a " patte d'oie "). A third avenue crossed between the further ends, and
5037-520: Was a popular genre of English detective fiction in the 1920s and 1930s; set in the residence of the gentry and often involving a murder in a country house temporarily isolated by a snowstorm or similar with the suspects all at a weekend house party. Following the Industrial Revolution of the 18th century, a third category of country houses was built as newly rich industrialists and bankers were eager to display their wealth and taste. By
5110-518: Was also the owner of Osberton Hall, Bassetlaw Wapentake , which had passed to his family in the late 17th century and was let to other residents. He is thought to have been responsible for reshaping the central block of that hall, with its original full-height porch and colonnaded pediment: a private Museum was developed there. Through his kinship with the Foljambes and Saviles at Scofton Hall, part of John's extensive correspondence survives. John Hewett
5183-527: Was beginning). Sir William died in 1567 making his only daughter (Anne, wife of Sir Edward Osborne ) heir to his lands at Wales and Harthill , which became the core of the Kiveton Park estate of their descendants, the Dukes of Leeds . Shireoaks manor had a special association with the ancient oak woodlands (part of Sherwood ) which grew where the counties of Yorkshire, Nottinghamshire and Derbyshire met:
5256-680: Was executor to the will but had died in 1742. Sir Thomas is said to have dispossessed his own daughter because she had formed a liaison with a fortune-teller. The will named John Thornhaugh as residuary legatee, upon condition that he adopt the surname of Hewett (which he did in 1756). John studied at Queens' College in the University of Cambridge , where he was admitted Fellow commoner in 1739. In that year 1744 he married Arabella (daughter of Sir George Savile, 7th Baronet ), who died in 1767: their only surviving daughter Mary Arabella married Francis Ferrand Foljambe of Aldwarke in 1774. John Thornhaugh Hewett, M.P. for Nottinghamshire from 1747 to 1774,
5329-422: Was to predominate until the second half of the 18th century when, influenced by ancient Greek styles, it gradually evolved into the neoclassicism championed by such architects as Robert Adam . Some of the best known of England's country houses were the work of only one architect/designer, built in a relatively short, particular time: Montacute House , Chatsworth House , and Blenheim Palace are examples. While
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