52-408: The Shoalwater Bay Military Training Area is a heritage-listed military installation at Byfield Road, Byfield , Shire of Livingstone , Queensland , Australia. It is a large, relatively undisturbed and intact natural system with a wide variety of coastal landforms and a high level of biodiversity. It contains a diverse range of marine and coastal wetland landscapes, vegetation types and ecosystems. It
104-584: A lignotuber . It has rough, fibrous or flaky, greyish bark on the trunk and larger branches, smooth grey bark that is shed in short ribbons from the thinner branches. Young plants and coppice regrowth have egg-shaped to almost round, dull greyish green leaves that are 60–115 mm (2.4–4.5 in) long and 35–95 mm (1.4–3.7 in) wide. The crown has leaves that are the same shade of glossy green on both sides, egg-shaped, elliptical or more or less round leaves that are 40–110 mm (1.6–4.3 in) long and 18–50 mm (0.71–1.97 in) wide tapering to
156-412: A petiole 10–32 mm (0.39–1.26 in) long. The flower buds are mostly arranged on the ends of branchlets in groups of seven to fifteen or more, on a branched peduncle 4–11 mm (0.16–0.43 in) long, the individual buds on pedicels 1–4 mm (0.039–0.157 in) long. Mature buds are oblong to spherical, 3–5 mm (0.12–0.20 in) long and 2–3 mm (0.079–0.118 in) wide with
208-628: A conical to rounded operculum . Flowering occurs from August to December and the flowers are white. The fruit is a woody, conical, hemispherical or cup-shaped capsule 2–4 mm (0.079–0.157 in) long and wide with the valves near rim level. Eucalyptus populnea was first formally described in 1858 by botanist Ferdinand von Mueller in Journal of the Proceedings of the Linnean Society, Botany . The specific epithet populnea
260-422: A population of 275 people. In the 2011 census , the locality of Byfield had a population of 261 people. In the 2016 census , the locality of Byfield had a population of 301 people (53.3% male, 46.7% female, in 87 family units). In the 2021 census , the locality of Byfield had a population of 323 people. Byfield has a number of heritage-listed sites, including: The Livingstone Shire Council operate
312-704: A public library at the Raspberry Creek Homestead at 2312 Byfield Road. There is a general store in Byfield which caters for light meals as well as fuel and grocery items. Byfield has retreat style cabins and camping, offering accommodation in a rainforest setting with natural creeks and waterholes. Byfield State School is a government primary (Prep-6) school for boys and girls at 2233 Byfield Road ( 22°50′28″S 150°38′46″E / 22.8412°S 150.6461°E / -22.8412; 150.6461 ( Byfield State School ) ). In 2017,
364-550: A small area near Mout Pine and considerable effort is being made to eradicate it from the Training Area. A number of feral animals occur within the place including horses, cattle, pigs, rabbits, cane toads, goats and foxes. Most occur in low numbers and control measures have been implemented to contain populations at low levels. A fire management plan has been developed to address the requirements for safety, military training, and conservation. The main requirements are to limit
416-472: Is a Latin adjective referring to the poplar-like foliage. The common names bimble box and bimbil box are from the Wiradjuri name for the species. Other common names recorded include round-leaf box, red box, white box, egolla, nankeen gum, round-leaved box and shiny-leaf box. In 1990, Lawrie Johnson and Ken Hill described two subspecies, populnea and bimbil but the names have not been accepted by
468-423: Is a species of small to medium-sized tree that is endemic to eastern Australia. It has rough, fibrous or flaky bark on the trunk and branches, egg-shaped, elliptical or more or less round leaves, flower buds arranged in groups of seven to fifteen or more, white flowers and conical, hemispherical or cup-shaped fruit. Eucalyptus populnea is a tree that typically grows to a height of 20 m (66 ft) and forms
520-691: Is most abundant in the northern and central sections on the western plains, becoming gradually less common the New South Wales far west, where it is restricted to areas that are more reliably watered and sandier. This eucalypt is most commonly found on red soils with a sandy loam to clay loam texture, growing in association with gum coolibah ( E. intertexta ), grey box ( E. microcarpa ) and white cypress pine ( Callitris glaucophylla ). It can be found less commonly on sandplains composed of deep loamy sands, where it will be found growing with ironwood ( Acacia excelsa ) and mulga ( Acacia aneura ). In
572-420: Is not any easy to work timber and is susceptible to white ant attack. It is a suitable species for a windbreak, as it can be propagated easily and is not difficult to establish. It is an excellent fuel, producing a great deal of heat and burns cleanly. Although it is widespread, the conservation status of E. populnea and allied plant communities is poor. Along the eastern edge of the species' distribution, only
SECTION 10
#1732776294008624-402: Is the northern limit of the wallum wet heath community and is within the transition zone between the tropics and sub-tropics. Shoalwater Bay thus provides important habitat for many species that are regionally endemic and supports the view that the place is a refugium that has allowed the survival of plants and animals that were far more widespread in the evolutionary past. The place is habitat for
676-549: The 2021 census , the locality of Byfield had a population of 323 people. Byfield is located in the midst of the Byfield National Park in Central Queensland , 717 kilometres (446 mi) north west of the state capital Brisbane and 78 kilometres (48 mi) north of the regional centre of Rockhampton . It is within the local government area of Shire of Livingstone (between 2008 and 2013, it
728-577: The Australian Plant Census . Hybrids with E. populnea have been recorded but only one, Eucalyptus populnea F.Muell. × Eucalyptus thozetiana (F.Muell. ex Maiden ) R.T.Baker is accepted at the Australian Plant Census. Poplar box is widespread in New South Wales where it is found on the western plains north from Narrandera and Pooncarie , extending into Queensland as far as Rockhampton . It
780-497: The Cape Melville / Starcke Holding Area on Cape York Peninsula .The place is significant in demonstrating a range of coastal, sub-coastal and aquatic landscapes and ecosystems, which occur in a relatively natural state and which generally, exhibit a high degree of integrity and diversity. As such, the place is of national importance to the maintenance and demonstration of geomorphological, ecological and biological processes of
832-469: The Clinton Lowlands portion of the place are important for understanding coastline evolution in the last 6000 years. The place's biodiversity value lies in the assemblage of species rather than with the number of species. The diversity of geomorphology and climatic gradients has resulted in a complex mixture of vegetation in a relatively small area. Unusual plant associations are demonstrated in
884-446: The far west of New South Wales it grows in small terminal drainage depressions with sandy soils overlying clay at depth. It is a favoured food tree for koalas in the range where it occurs. The flowers of E. populnea produce honey of a good quality, but of limited supply, and which is very dense and pale amber in colour. The timber has been found to be durable and hard and is suitable for fence posts and construction work. However it
936-482: The Byfield fern ( Bowenia serrulata ), a cycad and one of two species in this genus. Cycads are an ancient group of plants that have considerable evolutionary significance. Two hundred and twenty-two species of birds and twenty-three species of bats have been recorded in the place, which represents thirty-two percent and thirty-five percent, respectively, of the total number of Australian species. Two species of sheath-tail bats and four species of wattled bats exemplify
988-774: The Clinton Peninsula and borders an extensive system of high sand dunes. Eucalypt forest and stands of hoop pine Araucaria cunninghamiioccur on the range, while heaths with emergent eucalypts and acacias dominate the dune system. The dunefields have a history extending well over 100 000 years, and have probably been formed from sand supplied by the Fitzroy River . The dunefields contain a wide range of constructional and erosional landforms, including relict parabolic dunes, large active elongate parabolic dunes, inter-dune corridors, inter-dune sandplains, lakes, swamps, steams, beach ridges and swales. The terrestrial fauna of
1040-535: The action of wind (dunes) and water (beach ridges). These dune systems are of great significance in the understanding the evolution of aeolian dunes in eastern Australia during the Quaternary. These dune systems differ from other coastal and island sand masses in Queensland in that they demonstrate fewer episodes of instability and contain a much lower number of perched lakes. The old beach ridges and terraces in
1092-405: The area, with isolated patches of rainforest on sheltered steep slopes and swamp communities in the sand dunes in the east of the place. Themeda and Heteropogon are the most common and widespread grass genera. The eastern shoreline largely consists of long sandy beaches and small rocky headlands, behind which rise the high and generally linear sand dunes of Cape Manifold and Freshwater. To
SECTION 20
#17327762940081144-440: The coastal and coastal hinterland environment. The place is of geomorphological significance as an example of the evolution of sandy landscapes in the humid tropics/sub-tropics and contains some of the finest examples on the Queensland coast of a variety of relict parabolic dunes, inter-dune sand plains, dunes on tombolo barriers and strand plains. Shoalwater Bay contains landforms of undisturbed depositional sequences resulting from
1196-488: The current use of the place for military training does not appear to have a cumulative adverse impact on conservation values with impacts generally intermittent and localised. A number of weed species occur in the place and most are colonisers of bare ground. Most require disturbance for their establishment and only a few are capable of establishing within intact native vegetation. Exceptions include lantana , rubber vine , and prickly pear . Parthenium weed has been found in
1248-654: The development of impervious layers within the sand. The high tidal variation gives rise to extensive mudflats and provides extensive feeding and roosting grounds for both migrant and non-migrant sea and shore birds. Species of migratory birds that were recorded as abundant on the tidal mudflats of Shoalwater Bay during the summer of 1991–1992 include the lesser golden plover ( Pluvialis fulva ), bar-tailed godwit ( Limosa limosa ), whimbrel ( Numenius madagascariensis ), grey-tailed tattler ( Tringa brevipes ,) red-necked stint ( Calidris ruficollis ), terek sandpiper ( Xenus cinereus ), great knot ( Calidris tenuirostris ), and
1300-447: The dominant ground storey species. A series of mountain ranges that strike generally SE-NW across the place are the main physiographic features to affect rainfall gradients. The coastal mountains produce only local orographic effects about the peaks, whereas the western series of ranges represents a major orographic division between the coastal and western plains. The resultant steep rainfall gradient, from 1,800 millimetres (71 in) in
1352-486: The east to 900, in the west, together with the diverse landforms contributes to the high biodiversity recorded in the place. The alluvial fans and plains to the west of the ranges support eucalypt and melaleuca woodlands in which poplar box ( Eucalyptus populnea ), or white box ( Eucalyptus platyphylla ) are dominant. To the east of the main ranges lies the Peninsula Range, which rises steeply to 500 metres along
1404-427: The effects of rainfall, topographic and other gradients on the distribution of vegetation; and, the interaction of climate, geology, soils and vegetation. The place is habitat for five nationally threatened plant species and four animal species; examples include the orchid Phaius tancarvilliae and the Byfield matchstick ( Comesperma oblongatum ). Four animal species considered vulnerable in Queensland also occur in
1456-554: The fork-tailed swift ( Apus pacificus ). Low hills and flat to gently undulating plains lie behind the tidal communities of the north and west. Woodlands of broad-leaved paperbark ( Melaleuca viridiflora and Melaleuca nervosa ) occur on the plains and depressions, with grey ironbark ( Eucalyptus drepanophylla ) and Queensland peppermint ( Eucalyptus exserta ) in areas with some relief and drainage. Kangaroo grass ( Themeda triandra , Themeda australis ) and spear grasses ( Heteropogon triticeus , Heteropogon contortus ) are
1508-493: The freshwater systems of the place. Virtually all freshwater swamps are located in or adjacent to the sand dunes. The largest swamp in the sand dunes is Freshwater Swamp but there are many along Freshwater and Clinton Peninsulas and in the beach ridge formation within Port Clinton. The water table in most of the swamps is maintained by sea level but several swamps above 60 metres elevation around Dismal Swamp are supported by
1560-588: The fringing reefs in Shoalwater Bay indicate that reefs in the place generally consist of broken rocky shores or rubble banks, which may be covered by algae, corals and/or seagrasses. The bottled-nosed dolphin , the Indo-Pacific dolphin, the Irrawaddy dolphin and the humpback whale are known to occur within the marine waters of the place. The majority of the place is in an excellent condition and
1612-403: The glossy black cockatoo (Calyptorhynchus lathami), the powerful owl (Ninox strenua), the beach thicknee (Esacus neglectus), and the northern sheath-tail bat (Tapozous australis) . Shoalwater is also an important habitat for the dugong (Dugong dugon), listed as vulnerable in Queensland, and the nationally vulnerable humpback whale (Megaptera novaeangliae) . The green turtle (Chelonia mydas), and
Shoalwater Bay Military Training Area - Misplaced Pages Continue
1664-420: The gradation from the wet coastal forests in the east of the place to the semi-arid tree species of poplar box ( Eucalyptus populnea ), bulloak ( Allocasuarina luehmanniiand ), and Melaleuca spp on the dry ridges occurring above the seasonally waterlogged valleys and swamp communities in the western portion of the place. The presence of stands of the semi-arid poplar box woodland on the beachfront just above
1716-569: The green turtle (Chelonia mydas). The density of turtles in the area has been estimated at 500 animals per kilometre of low water coastline. This is one of the largest concentrations of this species along the east Australian coast, and Shoalwater Bay is one of the few large shallow waterways in Queensland where turtles are relatively free from the impacts of human activities. The place supports pockets of Araucarian notophyll vine forest, notophyll vine forest, and littoral (or beach scrub) rainforest. Araucarian notophyll and microphyll vine forests were once
1768-407: The hawksbill turtle (Eretmochelys imbricata), both listed as nationally vulnerable, and the nationally endangered loggerhead turtle (Caretta caretta) occur in significant numbers in Shoalwater Bay (C. Limpus 1993 pers. comm.). The place supports a number of uncommon vegetation gradients, and unusual combinations of species and environment/species associations. This is illustrated in the gradation from
1820-504: The loggerhead turtle ( Caretta caretta ). The seagrass beds are the most diverse for seagrass species on the central Queensland coast. The seagrass beds are an important food source for the dugong and green turtle. The tidal mudflats of the Shoalwater Bay Military Training Area are also important feeding habitat for migratory waders. Flocks of up to 3000 individuals have been recorded, indicating that
1872-632: The management of land in eastern Australia. [REDACTED] This Misplaced Pages article was originally based on Shoalwater Bay Military Training Area , entry number 105545 in the Australian Heritage Database published by the Commonwealth of Australia 2019 under CC-BY 4.0 licence , accessed on 15 May 2019. Byfield, Queensland Byfield is a rural locality in the Shire of Livingstone , Queensland , Australia. In
1924-468: The most extensive rainforest community in southern Queensland, but have now been cleared almost entirely. Criterion B: Rarity The place is habitat of five nationally vulnerable species: the Byfield matchstick (Comesperma oblongatum), Grevillea venusta , a lily (Sowerbaea subtilis), Quassia bidwillii, the squatter pigeon (Geophaps scripta scripta), and the nationally endangered orchid Phaius tancarvilliae. Fauna listed as vulnerable in Queensland include;
1976-453: The natural processes of dune formation; ecological studies into progressive and retrogressive succession of plant communities, fire ecology, the effects of rainfall, topographic and other gradients on the distribution of vegetation, and the interaction of climate, geology, soils and vegetation. CSIRO has established at least 20 permanent reference sites in the area, and research in the place is yielding information with important implications for
2028-501: The normal high tide range is an uncommon occurrence. The high diversity of landscape types, the steep climatic gradient, and place's location near the junction of the Central Mackay Coast , Brigalow Belt Northern and Brigalow Belt South biogeographic regions accounts for the high numbers of plant, animal and fish species and sub-species that are at, or near, their known southern or northern distribution limits. The place
2080-510: The north is an intricate pattern of tidal mudflats and shoals, with several offshore islands, steep rocky reefs, the bays of Port Clinton and Shoalwater , large seagrass beds, inlets and estuaries of several creeks, which support large areas of mangroves. The place contains approximately 140 square kilometres (15 sq mi) of mangrove communities including 18 of the 39 mangrove species occurring in Australia. Creeks and swamps represent
2132-458: The occurrence of extensive, high intensity burns, and the occurrence of late season burns. Around 7 percent of the land within the place, predominantly eucalypt or eucalypt/melaleuca woodland, was cleared previously for grazing purposes. Most of the vegetation has since regenerated. Condition reviewed October 2001. The Shoalwater Bay Military Training Area represents the largest coastal wilderness between Nadgee in southern New South Wales and
Shoalwater Bay Military Training Area - Misplaced Pages Continue
2184-521: The place including the glossy black cockatoo ( Calyphorhynchus lathami erebus ), the beach thicknee ( Esacus neglectusand ) the northern sheath-tailed bat ( Taphozous australis ). Shoalwater Bay Military Training Area was listed on the Australian Commonwealth Heritage List on 22 June 2004 having satisfied the following criteria. Criterion A: Processes The seagrass beds are also an important food resource of
2236-478: The place is diverse with approximately one third of the Australian mainland birds and bat species represented and approximately one quarter of the macropod species (including kangaroos and wallabies). The amphibian fauna is representative of north-eastern Australia and is moderately diverse in containing 12 percent of the Australian species. Most species of frogs were recorded on the western plains. This reflects
2288-575: The place is important in contributing to the ecological diversity of the region. The place also supports the largest breeding colony of pelicans on the East Australian coast. The high degree of integrity and landscape diversity of the terrestrial and estuarine environments in Shoalwater Bay Military Training Area, together with its steep climatic gradients, combine to form a place that is a significant benchmark area for scientific research. CSIRO has established twenty permanent reference sites within
2340-421: The place with research yielding information with important implications for the management of land in eastern Australia. Research has included studies into marine processes and benchmark monitoring of marine animals; geomorphological and pedological studies to help understand the natural processes of dune formation; ecological studies into progressive and retrogressive succession of plant communities; fire ecology ;
2392-404: The requirement for seasonal ponds for breeding and an intolerance to salt spray. Sixty-four reptile species are recorded which represents around 10 percent of Australian native species and include members of all families of land and freshwater reptiles. There are more than 30 islands and small inlets in the place and many have fringing reefs with coral cover varying from 7 to 66 percent. Surveys of
2444-526: The school had an enrolment of 33 students with 3 teachers (2 full-time equivalent) and 5 non-teaching staff (2 full-time equivalent). There is no secondary school in Byfield; the nearest is Yeppoon State High School. [REDACTED] Media related to Byfield, Queensland at Wikimedia Commons This Central Queensland geography article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Eucalyptus populnea Eucalyptus populnea , commonly known as poplar box , bimble box or bimbil box ,
2496-494: The swamps is an uncommon vegetation type in Queensland. Criterion C: Research The high integrity of much of the Shoalwater Bay Training Area, together with its steep environmental gradients, make Shoalwater Bay a significant benchmark area for scientific research. Research includes: marine processes and benchmark monitoring of marine animals; geomorphological and pedological studies to help understand
2548-435: The unusually high degree of species co-occurrence that occurs within the place. The place also has comparatively high mammal, macropod and reptile diversity. The extensive areas of mangroves, seagrass, mud and saltflats are important for maintaining significant regional populations of threatened species of the dugong (Dugong dugon ) , the green turtle ( Chelonia mydas ), the hawksbill turtle ( Eretmochelys imbricata ), and
2600-450: The wet coastal forests in the east of the place to the semi-arid tree species of poplar box ( Eucalyptus populnea ), bulloak (Casuarina leuhmannii) and Melaleuca spp on the dry ridges above seasonally waterlogged valleys and swamp communities in the western portion of the place. What is uncommon is the semi-arid poplar box woodland occurring in stands on the beach front just above normal high tide range. The floating peat mat vegetation found in
2652-713: Was added to the Australian Commonwealth Heritage List on 22 June 2004. Shoalwater Bay Military Training Area is approximately 454,500 hectares (1,123,000 acres), 4 kilometres (2.5 mi) north-west of Byfield. The main geomorphic units comprise hilly to mountainous terrain, aeolian sand dunes, undulating and rolling terrain and flat areas of riverine alluvium. The permutations of geomorphological, pedological and microclimatic environments support diverse vegetation types, for which 58 floristic communities have been recognised within 13 structural forms. Rainfall decreases markedly westwards and sharp vegetational gradients exist. Eucalypt forest and woodland, heath and mangroves occupy most of
SECTION 50
#17327762940082704-538: Was within the Rockhampton Region ). Waterpark Creek forms much of the north-eastern boundary. Sandy Creek , a tributary of Waterpark , also forms part of that boundary. The locality's name is thought to be a corruption of Fifefield, a name shown on a 1859 sketch by pastoralist Colin Archer . Byfield State School opened its doors on 12 November 1923. In the 2006 census , the town of Byfield had
#7992