Pope Simplicius (died 2 or 10 March 483) was the bishop of Rome from 468 to his death. He combated the Eutychian heresy , ended the practice of consecrating bishops only in December, and sought to offset the effects of Germanic invasions .
27-556: Simplicius may refer to: Persons Pope Simplicius (d. 483 AD) Simplicius of Cilicia (d. c. 560 AD), philosopher Saint Simplicius, legendary 'founding' bishop of the Sardinian Diocese of Civita Simplicius, Constantius and Victorinus (fl. 2nd century), Roman martyrs and saints Simplicius, Faustinus and Beatrix (d. 302 or 303 AD), Roman martyrs and saints Art and fiction Simplicius Simplicissimus ,
54-428: A Greek cross . The church was embellished by Pope John I and Pope Felix IV in the 6th century with mosaics and colored marble. It was restored in 1139–1143 by Pope Innocent II , who abandoned the outer ambulatory and three of the four side chapels. He also had three transverse arches added to support the dome, enclosed the columns of the central ambulatory with brick to form the new outer wall, and walled up 14 of
81-635: A few decades before in the Holy Land , and brought to Rome. The church was the first in Rome to have a circular plan. Its architecture is unique in the Late Roman world. Saint Stefano was probably financed by the wealthy Valerius family whose estates covered large parts of the Caelian Hill . Their villa stood nearby, on the site of the present-day Hospital of San Giovanni Addolorata . Saint Melania
108-461: A papal confessor. His burial monument is an interesting example of Renaissance funeral sculpture. The inscription says: " Roma est patria omnium " (Rome is everybody's fatherland). There is a tablet recording the burial here of the Irish king Donnchad mac Brian , son of Brian Bóruma and King of Munster , who died in Rome in 1064. Under the church there is a 2nd-century mithraeum , related to
135-558: A picaresque novel about the character of the same name Simplicius (operetta) , an operetta by Johann Strauss II A character in Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World Systems , a 1632 work by Galileo Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Simplicius . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change
162-658: Is celebrated on 10 March. Santo Stefano al Monte Celio The Basilica of St. Stephen in the Round on the Caelian Hill ( Italian : Basilica di Santo Stefano al Monte Celio , Latin : Basilica S. Stephani in Caelio Monte ) is an ancient basilica and titular church in Rome , Italy. Commonly named Santo Stefano Rotondo , the church is Hungary 's "national church" in Rome , dedicated to both Saint Stephen ,
189-444: Is celebrated on 20 August. Hungarian pilgrims frequently visit the chapel. Hungarian experts took part in the ongoing restoration and archeological exploration of the church during the 20th century together with German and Italian colleagues. Notable Hungarian visitors were Vilmos Fraknói , Frigyes Riedl , and László Cs. Szabó, who all wrote about the history and importance of Santo Stefano. Recent archeological explorations revealed
216-576: Is credited with the construction of a church named Santa Bibiana , in memory of the virgin and martyr St. Bibiana . He also dedicated the Church of San Stefano Rotondo on the Celian Hill, the church of S. Andrea near S. Maria Maggiore, and a church dedicated to Saint Lawrence in the Campo Verano. He labored to help the people of Italy against the marauding raids of barbarian invaders. He saw
243-545: The Eastern Roman Empire , for the restoration of the Catholic bishop; he did the same when Petrus Fullo usurped the seat of the patriarch of Alexandria . He rehabilitated Patriarch Timotheos Solofaciolus. In 478, Simplicius held a synod in Rome, which pronounced anathemas against eastern heretical bishops Peter Fullo, John of Apamea, and Paul of Ephesus. Simplicius worked to maintain the authority of Rome in
270-602: The Heruliian mercenaries revolt, depose Romulus Augustulus , the last emperor of the Western Roman Empire , and proclaim Odoacer king of Italy in 476. Odoacer made few changes in the administration in Rome, leaving the city firmly in the hands of its bishop, Simplicius. He was buried in the Basilica of St. Peter on 2 March 483. Rome was without a pope for six days. Since 1971, St. Simplicius's feast day
297-584: The Vatican was pulled down to make way for the sacristy of St Peter's Basilica in 1778. As a compensation for the loss of the ancient church, Pope Pius VI built a Hungarian chapel in Santo Stefano Rotondo according to the plans of Pietro Camporesi. The 'Hungarian chapel' is dedicated to Stephen I of Hungary , Szent István , the canonized first king of the Magyars . The feast of St Stephen
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#1732783855867324-637: The 16th century. Each painting has a titulus or inscription explaining the scene and giving the name of the emperor who ordered the execution, as well as a quotation from the Bible. The altar was made by the Florentine artist Bernardo Rossellino in the 15th century. The painting in the apse shows Christ between two martyrs. An ancient chair of Pope Gregory the Great from around 580 AD is preserved here. The Chapel of Ss. Primo e Feliciano has mosaics from
351-409: The 7th century. One of them shows the martyrs Primus and Felician flanking a crux gemmata (jewelled cross). In 648 the chapel was built by Pope Theodore I who brought here the relics of the martyrs and buried them (together with the remains of his father). Unlike nationals of other European nations, Hungarians lacked a national church in Rome after the old Santo Stefano degli Ungheresi in
378-596: The Elder , a member of the family, was a frequent pilgrim to Jerusalem and died there, so the family had connections to the Holy Land. The church was originally commissioned by Pope Leo I (440-461), with the date confirmed by ancient coins and by dendrochronology , which places the wood used in the beams of the roof to around 455 AD, but was not consecrated until after his death. The original church had three concentric ambulatories flanked by 22 Ionic columns , surrounding
405-649: The Turkish-occupied, Kingdom of Hungary . On a visit to Rome in 1819 J. M. W. Turner made sketches of both the exterior and interior. The Cardinal Priest of the Titulus S. Stephani in Coelio Monte has been Friedrich Wetter since 1985. His predecessor, József Mindszenty , was famous as the persecuted Catholic leader of Hungary under the Communist dictatorship. Although the inside is circular,
432-779: The West. He named Zeno, Bishop of Hispalis (Seville) as Papal Vicar in Spain. In 482, Bishop Gregory of Modena was consecrated a bishop against his will by Archbishop Joannes I of Ravenna. This brought the archbishop a sharp rebuke from Pope Simplicius. According to the Carolingian liturgist Amalarius of Metz , Pope Simplicius was the first pope to carry out consecrations at any other time than in December before Christmas. He began to confer holy orders in February as well. Simplicius
459-418: The central circular space surmounted by a tambour that is 22 m (72 ft) high and 22 m wide). There were 22 windows in the tambour but most of them were walled up in the 15th-century restoration. The central ambulatory had a diameter of 42 m (138 ft), and the outer one a diameter of 66 m (217 ft). Four side chapels extended from the middle ambulatory to the outer ambulatory, forming
486-509: The church was built on the remains of an ancient Temple of Faunus . Excavations in 1969 to 1975 revealed that the building was not converted from a pagan temple but was always a church, erected under Constantine I in the first half of the 4th century. In 1454, Pope Nicholas V entrusted the ruined church to the Pauline Fathers , the only Catholic Order founded by Hungarians . This is the reason why Santo Stefano Rotondo later became
513-407: The exterior is on a cruciform plan. The entrance has a portico with five arches on tall ancient granite columns with Corinthian capitals, added in the 12th century, by Pope Innocent II . The walls of the church are decorated with numerous frescoes, including those of Niccolò Circignani (Niccolò Pomarancio) and Antonio Tempesta portraying 34 scenes of martyrdom, commissioned by Gregory XIII in
540-541: The first Christian martyr, and Stephen I , the canonized first king of Hungary . The minor basilica is also the rectory church of the Pontifical Collegium Germanicum et Hungaricum . Since 1985, the cardinal priest who holds the title of S. Stephano has been Friedrich Wetter . The earliest church was consecrated by Pope Simplicius between 468 and 483. It was dedicated to the protomartyr Saint Stephen , whose body had been discovered
567-450: The late-antique floor of the church in the chapel. The floor is composed of coloured marble slabs and was restored in 2006 by an international team led by Zsuzsanna Wierdl. The frescoes of the chapel were painted in 1776 but older strata of paintings were recently discovered under them. Archdeacon János Lászai , canon of Gyulafehérvár , was buried in the Santo Stefano Rotondo in 1523. Lászai left Hungary and moved to Rome where he became
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#1732783855867594-417: The link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Simplicius&oldid=1119726361 " Categories : Disambiguation pages Human name disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Pope Simplicius Simplicius
621-399: The presence of the barracks of Roman soldiers in the neighbourhood. The cult of Mithras was especially popular among soldiers. The remains of Castra Peregrinorum, the barracks of the peregrini , officials detached from provincial armies for special service to the capital, were found under Santo Stefano Rotondo. The mithraeum belonged to Castra Peregrinorum but it was probably also attended by
648-623: The soldiers of Cohors V Vigilum, whose barracks stood nearby on the other side of Via della Navicella. The mithraeum is being excavated. The remains of the Roman military barracks (from the Severan Age ) and the mithraeum under the church remain closed to the public. The coloured marble bas-relief "Mithras slaying the bull" from the 3rd century is today in the Museo Nazionale Romano . The titulus S. Stephani in Coelio Monte
675-737: The unofficial church of the Hungarians in Rome. The church was restored in the 1450s by Bernardo Rossellino , probably under the guidance of Leon Battista Alberti . In 1579, the Hungarian Jesuits joined the Pauline Fathers. The Collegium Hungaricum , established by István Arator in 1579, was merged with the Collegium Germanicum in 1580, and became the Collegium Germanicum et Hungaricum , because very few Hungarian students were able to travel to Rome from
702-612: The windows in the drum. In the Middle Ages, Santo Stefano Rotondo was in the charge of the Canons Regular of the Lateran , but as time went on it fell into disrepair. In the middle of the 15th century, Flavio Biondo (Flavius Blondus) praised the marble columns, marble-covered walls, and cosmatesque works-of-art of the church, but he added that unfortunately "nowadays Santo Stefano Rotondo has no roof". Blondus claimed that
729-713: Was born in Tivoli, Italy , the son of a citizen named Castinus. After a vacancy of 10 days following the death of Pope Hilarius , Simplicius was consecrated on 25 February 468. Simplicius defended the decisions of the Council of Chalcedon against the Eutychian heresy . When the Eutychians rose up in Antioch and installed Petrus Mongus, Simplicius made repeated complaints for action to Basiliscus and Leo I , emperors of
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