106-585: Sindri may refer to: Sindri (Dhanbad) , a neighbourhood in India Sindri (DJ) Sindri (mythology) , a dwarf or a hall in Norse mythology Sindri, Burkina Faso Sindri, a minor character in the 2008–2012 BBC series Merlin , played by Tony Guilfoyle See also [ edit ] Sindris Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with
212-468: A mortgage on their land. When the Santals were unable to pay the moneylenders back, they became owners of the land and the Santals became dispossessed landless peasants. The Baniya merchants and other outsiders also began to treat Santals as outcastes in a Brahminical system. Eventually, these acts of exploitation , combined with British tax policies and corrupt tax collectors, deteriorated to
318-510: A 5000 km area, called Santal Parganas , where the normal procedures of British India did not apply. Administration of the community was primarily made the responsibility of the village headman, or pradhan, who was also given the power to collect taxes. It was made illegal for Santals to transfer land to non-Santals, allowing them to have legal rights over their land. After the British Crown formally took control over India in 1858,
424-495: A cave, where they stayed for the rest of their days. The children of these seven couples became the progenitors of the Santal clans. A characteristic feature of a Santal village is a sacred grove (known as Jaher ) on the edge of the village where many spirits live and where a series of annual festivals take place. This grove is set aside in the founding of the village and left undisturbed except at times of festival. Inside
530-515: A co-educational degree college named Sindri College with science, humanities and commerce streams. Sindri College is presently a constituent unit of the State run Vinoba Bhave University, Hazaribagh. Sindri fertilizer along with Gorakhpur, Ramagundam, Talchar and Korba of the FCI were referred to Board for Industrial and Financial Reconstruction (BIFR) after being declared sick in 1992. However, when
636-611: A common ancestor, no more than a few generations back, that live nearby. The khunti is identified by some distinguishing feature of the ancestor, such as poeta , people who wear a thread on their chest in worship. In many cases, all the people of a gusti live in their ancestral village, but some members may have migrated to neighbouring villages. Sohrai is the principal festival of Santal community. Besides that Baha , Karam , Dashain , Sakrat, Mahmore, Rundo and Magsim are important festivals. They traditionally accompany many of their dances during these festivals with two drums:
742-403: A day. There are three small railway stations/halts in the 27 kilometre long broad gauge line between Sindri Town and Dhanbad Junction namely - Sindri Marshalling Yard, Sindri (Block Hut), Rakhitpur, Pradhan Khanta and Dokra Block Halt. Visitors wanting to reach the township should not confuse between Sindri (Block Hut) and Sindri Town railway station. The rail line connects Sindri (via Dhanbad) to
848-694: A fertilizer factory due to its apt geographical conditions in the year 1944 by the Viceroy's Executive Council following recommendations submitted in November 1944 by a three members technical mission consisting of G S Gowing and J Rigg, both of Imperial Chemical Industries and T H Riley of the Association of British Chemical Plants Manufacturers, Britain for setting up a single large fertilizer factory to produce 3,50,000 tons Ammonium Sulphate per annum with Gypsum as raw material. A separate project organisation
954-399: A group of men from the bride's village, including the jog majhi , headman, village elders, and the bride's father and some relations, arrives at the bride's village. They are seated at the headman's house with respect and organized by marang or hudin status. Meanwhile, the groom's family gathers to discuss the bride price the groom's father should pay. The two parties then meet and
1060-490: A literature perspective, this was the glorious era of Sindri due to people who worked actively for conducting literary activities in the town, specially in the field of Hindi literature. Theatre, Drama and Music had a significant role in the social lives and the Bengali community played a significant part in this. This part of Sindri life was heavily influenced by Calcutta (now Kolkata, just 250 km away). Ajanta Kala Mandir
1166-421: A relationship exemplified by the couple's parents, or sangat , between cross-siblings of a couple. Santal society has much less stratification and is more egalitarian than adjacent caste Hindu society, but still has some status differences. The most important marker of a person when interacting with others in Santal society is their standing as marang ("senior") or hudin ("junior"). This standing
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#17327971798781272-531: A senior clan do not marry members of a junior clan, and there are some forbidden marriages as well, such as between Marandi and Kisku. In addition, Besras are sometimes treated differently due to their perceived low status, but other than the context of marriage, they play no role in social life. The clans also avoid harming their clan totem, lest evil befall them. The Santals have another social organisation important for rituals, called khunti , or gusti in south Chota Nagpur. The term refers to descendants of
1378-908: A sizeable population in Nepal . The Santals speak Santali , the most widely spoken Munda languages of Austroasiatic language family. Santal is most likely derived from an exonym. The term refers to inhabitants of Saont in erstwhile Silda in Medinapore region in West Bengal. The Sanskrit word Samant or Bengali Saont means plain land. Their ethnonym is Hor Hopon ("child of human"). According to linguist Paul Sidwell , Austro-Asiatic language speakers probably arrived on coast of Odisha from Indochina about 4,000–3,500 years ago ( c. 2000 – c. 1500 BCE). The Austroasiatic speakers spread from Southeast Asia and mixed extensively with local Indian populations. Due to
1484-460: A subsidiary company of Coal India Limited . Another subject of topographical importance is the Damodar river which acted both as source of water and electricity for the township. A hydro-power project called Damodar Valley Corporation (DVC) is located at Maithon and Panchet near Sindri. DVC supplies eco-friendly electricity to some its neighbouring states like West Bengal, Bihar and Orissa. Sindri
1590-621: A time came upon the daughters, who had become maidens and were unrecognisable. They became introduced and made love. Looking for his sons, Pilchu Haram discovered an old woman and asked for fire, and upon talking to her more, he discovered his wife and reconciled with her. Another version tells how Pilchu Budhi was in fact in tears at her daughters' disappearance, but Marang Buru reassured her that they were all safe and brought her to reconcile with her husband. When their sons found out they had married their sisters, they were very angry and would have killed their parents if Marang Buru had not hidden them in
1696-802: A total population of 6,570,807 according to the 2011 Census of India . Of this population, 63.15% are reported as Hindu , 23% as Sarna , 7.28% as Sari Dharam (all in West Bengal), and 5.46% as Christian . Other minor religious affiliations include Bidin (27,602), Muslim (13,014), Santal (4,771), Sumra Sandhi (2,059), Sarvdharm (1,625), Buddhist (1,121), Adi Bassi (1,100), Sikh (987), Kharwar (385), Sant (356), Saran (352), Jain (348), Achinthar (273), Sarin (185), Marangboro (167), Saranath (157), Seran (125), Adi (84), and Alchichi (78). Additionally, 102 were Atheist , 331 were believers of Tribal religion , 1,123 followed other unclassified religions, and 16,974 did not state any religious affiliation. In
1802-483: Is phul , a ritual friendship with members of other ethnic groups. Children of phul brothers consider themselves as brothers, and they attend each other's main lifecycle events, such as weddings or funerals, as pera . They also give help in times of hardship. Those who do not have brotherhood are referred to as pera , or guests. Members of other communities, especially those not speaking Santali, are excluded from this grouping, except for communities such as
1908-708: Is a Town in Dhanbad in Dhanbad Sadar subdivision of Dhanbad district in Jharkhand state , India. Sindri is an industrial semi urban township within the Dhanbad municipal limits of the Dhanbad District of Jharkhand state/. Sindri was well known because of a large Fertilizer factory ( Fertilizer Corporation of India Limited - FCI, closed in 2002) conceived here in the early industrialized India. It
2014-512: Is a technical institution offering undergraduate and postgraduate courses in ten branches of engineering and technology, approved by All India Council of Technical Education, New Delhi. The Institute has campus spread in nearly 450 Acres, spared by the FCIL Sindri, and operates under the aegis of Department of Science & Technology, Govt. of Jharkhand, Ranchi. BIT Sindri and was formerly known as Bihar Institute of Technology , Sindri which
2120-530: Is also well known for the BIT Sindri which was earlier known as Bihar Institute of Technology later on its abbreviation changed to Birsa Institute of Technology when state is transformed from Bihar to Jharkhand. As per the records of the now-closed fertilizer plant ( FCIL ), the name Sindri was a form of the word Sindoori (Vermilion). Also the meaning of sindri in Hindi is sundari. The name is said to be given by
2226-509: Is common. Although spread out over a large area, they now consider the Santal Parganas as their cultural heartland. The base of Santal society is a division between "sibling" ( boeha ) and "guest" ( pera ), a divide found in many other tribal societies of central and eastern India. Children of the same father (sometimes grandfather), known as nij boeha , often live next to each other and own adjacent pieces of land. Those in
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#17327971798782332-402: Is encouraged in children from a young age. However the hudin - marang distinction does not apply to phul or bala , who instead greet each other as if greeting a marang . The Santals also have totemistic clans , known as pari . These 12 clans are divided into two ranks: 7 senior and 5 junior. The senior clans are believed to originate from the 7 sons and daughters of
2438-467: Is evaluated by relation: for example, is someone is greeting their father's elder brother's son, they would be the junior irrespective of age. Similarly, when someone greets their elder brother's wife, the wife would be marang . However, for strangers or guests with no clear kin connections, the question of marang or hudin is decided by age. The ritual greeting ( god in Santali) of someone
2544-412: Is generally light and it is seen wrong to stop two young people from marrying because of a disagreement about bride price. After an agreement is reached, celebrations ensue and festive drinking continues into the night. A short time afterwards, a relative of the groom along with the jog majhi of the groom 's village hand over the bride price to the bride 's family. Afterwards the couple arrive in
2650-402: Is given much importance and is done in the courtyard of a house when a pera visits. The greeting differs by gender, and whether the person is junior or senior to the one being greeted. The greeting rituals given by a hudin involve an "offering" ( dobok' johar ) of respect, while a marang "receives" this respect. This greeting should not be done hastily, and correct practice of it
2756-608: Is often termed as the Red Corridor . After Jharkhand was carved out of Bihar in 2000, the Santal Parganas was made a separate division of the state. These Santals have also agitated for recognition of their traditions in the census as a separate religion, sarna dharam , for which Jharkhand assembly passed a resolution in 2020. Many still face poverty and exploitation, and in Bangladesh, theft of their lands
2862-524: Is set a series of natural (uncut) stones which represent the bongas, but are not substitutes except during festival. The Majhi Than , a raised mound of earth covered with a thatched roof outside the headman's house, is where the Majhi's ancestors' spirits live. During the summer, a jug of water is placed there so the spirits can drink. Here the most important decisions of the village are made, including judgements. A yearly round of rituals connected with
2968-580: Is under 6 years of age. 2. Visit http://www.sindri.co.in Santhal people The Santal (or Santhal ) are an Austroasiatic -speaking Munda ethnic group of the Indian subcontinent . Santals are the largest tribe in the Jharkhand and West Bengal in terms of population and are also found in the states of Odisha , Bihar , Assam and Tripura . They are the largest ethnic minority in northern Bangladesh's Rajshahi Division and Rangpur Division . They have
3074-483: Is well connected by road and rail to the district headquarters of Dhanbad and is very close to the Bokaro Steel City just 60 km (37 mi). The road between Sindri and Dhanbad has usually been in a state of disarray due to the regular movements of lorries loaded with fertilizer , cement , coal and sand . There is a local train available between the place and the district headquarters many times
3180-459: The Majhi Than , the bride thanks the headman for all he has done and gives a symbolic gift. The headman then blesses the couple and wishes the bride strength, good luck and many strong sons. The couple then leaves for the groom's village to start their new life. Marriages done by kesimek' involve very little ritual: Santal society has clearly defined roles for marriage, and the choice of
3286-763: The British Raj , are not considered Scheduled Tribes. Instead, they are classified as Other Backward Class in Assam, and the remaining population living in other states is considered part of the general population . The inclusion in Schedule Tribe list have been opposed by respective states and tribal activists organization following Sixth Scheduled autonomy, such as the Coordination Committee of Tribal Organizations of Assam (CCTOA). The organisation feared up that granting Scheduled Tribe status to
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3392-615: The Chota Nagpur Plateau like the Kharia , Munda , and Oraon . Smaller and more isolated tribes often demonstrate less articulated classification systems of the spiritual hierarchy described as animism or a generalised worship of spiritual energies connected with locations, activities, and social groups. Religious concepts are intricately entwined with ideas about nature and interaction with local ecological systems. As in Santal religion, religious specialists are drawn from
3498-540: The Fertilizer Corporation of India Limited (FCI). The BIFR clearance has paved the way for setting up of the industrial complex at a Sindri. Approved DRS envisaged revival of Sindri unit by SAIL at estimated project cost of Rs. 35,000 Crores. However, not much progress was made due to non-availability of around 3000 Acres of contiguous piece of land for the Steel Plant due to encroachments. In
3604-465: The Karmakar , Mahali or Lohar of their locality, who are enmeshed in Santal society. Those with this relationship can marry, and attend major festivals as guests. People related by marriage, although pera , have special roles in life-cycle events. Women perform special welcome rituals for pera when they visit. Those related by marriage can have one of two relationships. They can be bala ,
3710-1073: The National Fertilizer Corporation Limited , which was incorporated for fertilizer projects at Panipat and Bhatinda into five new companies. The Sindri fertilizer factory continued with the Fertilizer Corporation of India Limited along with aged-old Gorakhpur (Uttar Pradesh) Plant and three coal based fertilizer projects at Talcher (Orissa), Ramagundam (Andhra Pradesh) and Korba (Chhattisgarh) and newer plants and its Planning & Development Division were included in new companies, namely, Rashtriya Chemicals & Fertilizer Limited (RCF), National Fertilizers Limited (NFL), Hindustan Fertilizer Corporation Limited (HFC) and Fertilizer (Planning & Development) India Limited (FPDIL), latter renamed as Projects and Development India Limited (PDIL). The Sindri fertilizer plant operated consistently in profit till 1967-68 and again in 1969-70. But in spite of modernisation,
3816-584: The Santhals , Mundas and Kudmis inhabited the banks of the Sindhu River . They were later forced to move to Eastern part of the country by the Aryans . Sindri was a place with rich reserves of flora and fauna. The place was initially occupied by the local tribals which later on attracted people from neighbouring states. The chapter of its industrialization started when it was selected as best option for
3922-694: The Bihari Literati (and those from Eastern UP) staged Kavi Samelans and observed Chaat, the Tamil literati arranged for Kacheris and staged Ayyappan Puja. In order to provide educational services to children of its employees and wards of other residents of Sindri and nearby localities, the FCIL Management started the first school in Sindri in 1948. The management of the fertilizer factory ran seven Rajendra schools, - three high Schools affiliated to
4028-611: The Government of India decided to close of the factory operation in September 2002. Though the fertilizer plant was, of late, not an eventual commercial success but it certainly provided a wonderful social environment for many generations of people during its existence. The Bihar Institute of Technology now renamed as Birsa Institute of Technology was also established to meet the growing demand of technology experts in this new industrialized area. The institute still remains as one of
4134-479: The Government of India failed in submitting any revival proposal for the closed fertilizer units, the BIFR recommended for their closure. The Government of India on 5 September 2002 decided to close down all loss-making fertilizer units of FCI and Hindustan Fertilizer Corporation and lay off all the employees. The employees of Sindri fertilizer factory units were made to retire under Voluntary Separation Scheme (VSS) and
4240-691: The Government of India in July 1959 to form a bigger Company the Fertilizer Corporation of India Limited . The factory was first in India to produce Ammonium Sulphate (1951), Urea (1959), Ammonium Nitrate-Sulphate, commonly called the Double salt (1959) and was the first fertilizer factory to have its own captive power plant in 1951 and to introduce planning, research and development facilities in 1951. The raw materials used initially for its final products were gypsum, coal and naptha. A number of new plants were added to
4346-827: The Jharkhand Academic Council, four middle schools following curricula under the Jharkhand State Education Policy in Shaharpura and Domgarh areas of the Township, all named after Dr. Rajendra Prasad , the first President of the independent India and one English medium integrated senior secondary school, Model English High School, affiliated to the Central Board of Secondary Education , New Delhi in Rohrabandh area of
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4452-556: The Paharia's guerrilla attacks, managed to drive them out. They clear the forest tracts and started cultivation in these areas. Their settlement took place between the 1830s and 1850s: in 1830, the area was home to only 3,000 Santals, but by the 1850s, 83,000 Santals had settled in the land and had turned it into paddy fields. This resulted in a 22 times increase in Company revenue from the area. However, as they became more agricultural,
4558-474: The Santal Parganas to the districts of Bihar and North Bengal such as Purnia, Malda and Dinajpur. The Santals still faced retaliation after the Santal Hul and were invited by zamindars to cultivate many parts of north Bengal, which had become scrubland, land which the Santals specialized in farming. By the 1930s, their numbers in this region the Santals had become two lakh. Most were settled on wasteland where
4664-650: The Santal and other 40 migrated tribal communities will squeeze up the benefits of natives , the "original tribal people" of the state. The Santhal people believe in nature worship , and their place of worship is in sacred groves known as Jaher and Sarna , in contrast to Hindu places of worship in temples . They also perform animal sacrifices to honor their gods and accept flesh, including beef and pork , practices that are generally prohibited in Hinduism . Thus they consider themselves believers of Sari and Sarna religion rather than Hinduism. Although there
4770-401: The Santal community, each with its own degree of social acceptance. The most elaborate kind of marriage is the hapramko bapla , or ancestor's marriage, but the most widely practiced is kesimek' . In this form of marriage, a boy and girl who wish to marry decide to go to the groom's house and stay there a while. When the girl's family are made aware of their situation, the jog majhi of
4876-510: The Santal religion, the majority of reverence falls on a court of spirits ( bonga ), who handle different aspects of the world and who are placated with prayers and offerings. These benevolent spirits operate at the village, household, ancestor, and sub-clan level, along with evil spirits that cause disease and can inhabit village boundaries, mountains, water, tigers, and the forest. The bonga are intermediaries between noa puri (visible world) and hana puri (the invisible reality),
4982-499: The Santals continued their system of government and traditions. Newly established Christian missions brought education, and many Santals moved to the tea plantations in Assam , North Bengal , where they still remain today. However, most continued with their old life, but were still not prosperous. In addition, secular education did not become widespread until after Indian independence. In the late 19th century, many Santals migrated from
5088-637: The Santals once had a significant presence in Hazaribagh . Colonial scholar Colonel Dalton claimed in Chai there was a fort formerly occupied by a Santal raja who was forced to flee when the Delhi Sultanate invaded the territory. In the latter half of the 18th century, the Santals entered the historical record in 1795 when they are recorded as "Soontars." During the Bengal Famine of 1770 ,
5194-639: The Santals provided significant support to the Tebhaga movement . After the Pakistani military crushed the uprising and burned many Santal homes, many fled across the border to Malda in India. In northern West Bengal , tribal peasants participated in Naxalbari uprising led by a Santal communist leader Jangal Santhal . The impoverishment has led to the Guevarist inspired Naxalite insurgency in what
5300-519: The Santals were exploited by the zamindars . Unlike the Santals, the British valued individual competition instead of cooperation, and had a rigid system of laws very different from the relatively relaxed norms of the village council, the highest form of government most Santals knew. Mahajans from Bengal and Baniyas from Bihar began selling goods from elsewhere, and many Santals, seeing them as exotic, were tricked into debt to buy them, usually with
5406-499: The Sindri fertilizer complex with SAIL as strategic partner and setting up a 5.6 MT Steel Plant, 1.15 MT Urea Plant and a 1000 MW Power Plant was contemplated. The SAIL launched special purpose vehicle for the purpose and got the name of the new project registered as SAIL Sindri Projects Limited (SSPL). The BIFR on 27 June 2013 approved revival of the Sindri Fertilizer Plant along with other closed down units of
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#17327971798785512-613: The Tamak‘ and the Tumdak’. Chadar Badar , a form of puppetry known also as Santal puppetry, is a folk show involving wooden puppets placed in a small cage which acts as the stage. Local affairs are handled by a village council , led by a manjhi . The walls of traditional Santal homes are ornamented with carved designs of animals, hunting scenes, dancing scenes, and geometric patterns . Santal bridal palanquins are also finely carved. There are seven kinds of marriage recognized in
5618-574: The Township. Rajendra High School for girls in Saharpura area were imparting education exclusively to girl students. In addition to the FCIL managed schools, the FCIL Management established various private schools viz. which also provide excellent education to residents. There are numerous preparatory schools as well, leading among which was Ravindra Parishad. To provide for higher education to its workers and their wards FCIl Sindri Unit established
5724-551: The abode of a Creator. This creator is variously called Marang Buru (Supreme Deity or literally The Great Mountain) or Thakur Jiu (life giver), and is the "cause of all causes," making the Santal religion, in a deep sense, monotheistic as well as pantheistic. There are several ranks of bongas : the most important are associated intimately with Marang Buru and are worshipped by all Santals. These include Marang Buru bonga , Jaher Era bonga and Gosae Era . Other bongas , who are held to be less powerful, are
5830-459: The agricultural cycle, along with life-cycle rituals for birth, marriage and burial at death, involves petitions to the spirits and offerings that include the sacrifice of animals, usually birds. Religious leaders are male specialists in medical cures who practice divination and witchcraft (the socio-historic meaning of the term, used here, refers to the ritual practice of magic and is not pejorative). Similar beliefs are common among other tribes on
5936-686: The all important cities of India which includes Kolkata , New Delhi , Mumbai , Chennai , Jabalpur , Patna , Ranchi , Bokaro , Gwalior , Nagpur , Pune Jammu , Ahmedabad and regional industrial city of Jamshedpur with the most important train through Sindri being the Subarnarekha Express. Kolkata (260 km (160 mi)), Ranchi (180 km (110 mi)) and Patna (290 km (180 mi)) provide air connectivity to Sindri which connects it to Delhi , Mumbai , Chennai , Nagpur , Kolhapur , Pune , Nagpur , Pune , Indore and Hyderabad . Founded in 1949, BIT Sindri
6042-403: The appeasement of evil spirits or as representing bongas as exclusively harmful. However bonga in itself simply means a supernatural force in the world and has no specific connotation with good or evil. Moreover, these bongas do not refer to specific objects but to the invisible force that governs or is associated with those objects. The Santal creation story holds that originally the world
6148-508: The backyard, trees like gulmohar, Kadam, Nim, Chhatim flanked the well maintained streets. A green town with enviable landscape in the seventies had 4- Dispensaries and a main Hospital with 206 beds, Kalyan Kendra - The Sports club, Officer's club - A club for FCI executives, Rabindra Bhawan - a place for cultural conglomeration. Houses were laid out neatly in the form of layouts with ample open spaces for garden lovers. Uninterrupted Power supply
6254-409: The boy's family is consulted for the best day for the kesimek' . The bride and groom are not bound by any obligation to marry. During this time, the jog majhi stays in the village to give all the information he can to the bride's father: both in determining what would be a good bride price to demand and whether the marriage might end in a short time. On the day of the kesimek' ceremony,
6360-427: The bride's natal village. The bride arriving first carrying a pot with white clay, the symbol of a woman returning to her natal village as a guest. The bride greets her mother first and neighbours are invited to share handi reserved for pera ( pera hor handi ), while getting acquainted with the husband. When the couple leaves the bride's village, the bride pays her respects to the headman in his courtyard. At
6466-459: The closest form of brotherhood, called mit orak hor ("people of one house") in Singhbhum, cannot marry each other and propitiate the same deity, since the house refers to a common ancestor from which all the families are believed to descend. Only mit orak hor marriages are severely stigmatised. Another brotherhood is membership of a clan, which are exogamous. The last form of brotherhood
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#17327971798786572-428: The couple is respected. Decisions by the families are done in a spirit of consensus rather than adversarially, and marriage is seen just as important for the entire village as for the couple. Religion among Santal people of Bihar, West Bengal, Jharkhand, Odisha and Tripura The Santal are granted Scheduled Tribe status in five states: Bihar , West Bengal , Jharkhand , Odisha , and Tripura , where they account for
6678-524: The downtown shopping area where established dry goods merchants, tailors and butchers shared their space with farmers and other small-time merchants. Every Monday, Wednesday and Saturday a lively open air market was held featuring fresh locally raised produce, poultry and locally crafted artefacts. Wandering minstrels and traditional medicine men from as far away as Afghanistan brought with them unexpected services and concoctions like low cost street side tooth extraction and "lizard oil" for arthritis sufferers that
6784-652: The drier western and southwestern parts of Bengal, especially the Jungle Mahals region, were some of the worst-hit areas and were significantly depopulated. This depopulation resulted in a significant loss of revenue for the East India Company . Therefore, when the Permanent Settlement was enacted in 1790, the Company looked for agriculturalists to clear the lands. British officials turned their attention to Santals, who were ready to clear
6890-474: The factory area. Coal Bed Methane (CBM) exploration in the vicinity and factory location amidst coal mines has further added the interest for revival activity of the Sindri fertilizer factory. In 2004, the Government of India appealed the Delhi High Court to stop the process of liquidation as it intended to revive the closed fertilizer units of the FCI . Later, the Delhi High Court referred back
6996-410: The factory as need arose time to time. A rationalization scheme was completed in 1976 and a modernization project was commissioned in 1979 with product-mix of ammonia, urea, nitric acid, ammonium nitrate and ammonium bicarbonate with low-sulphur heavy stock/furnace oil and coal as basic raw materials. In 1978, the Government of India decided to reorganise the Fertilizer Corporation of India Limited and
7102-406: The factory could not maintain profit thereafter even after exceeding rated (attainable) capacity mainly because of unscientific division of the company, higher production cost and comparatively lower sale price of fertilizers, mounting wage bills, higher maintenance expenditure due to ageing of plants, availability of raw materials of low specifications/quality large infrastructure cost, and eventually
7208-568: The factory was started on 31 October 1951 and the factory inaugurated in March 1952. In his inauguration speech, the then Prime Minister of India, Jawahar Lal Nehru said that he was not just inaugurating a fertilizer factory but he was inaugurating a temple of modern India . The Company Sindri Fertilizers and Chemicals Limited was merged in January 1961 with another fertilizer manufacturing company Hindustan Chemical and Fertilizers Limited floated by
7314-449: The fathers negotiate the bride price to be paid. The groom is first asked whether he wishes the marriage to continue. As a symbolic marriage contract , the groom 's father gives a small amount of cash and gives handi (rice-beer) to the guests. The negotiations for bride-price continue between the fathers exclusively until an amount is reached. Although this is nowadays in cash, livestock or other goods are not uncommon. The bride price
7420-404: The first man and woman, and in order of seniority they are: Hansda (goose), Murmu ( Nilgai ), Marandi ( Ischaemum rugosum ), Kisku (kingfisher), Soren ( Pleiades ), Hembram ( betel palm ) and Tudu (owl). The junior clans are Baskey or Baske (stale rice), Besra ( falcon ), Chorey or Chonre (lizard), Pauria or Pawria (pigeon) and Bediya. Members of
7526-560: The forest for the practice of settled agriculture. In 1832, a large number of area of the Raj Mahal hills demarcated as Damin-i-koh . Santal from Cuttack , Dhalbhum , Birbhum , Manbhum , Hazaribagh migrated and started cultivating these lands as peasants sponsored by landowners and the British who were desperate for labour. Under British direction, Santals took loans from non-Santal moneylenders to buy iron tools, seed grain and oxen as individuals and families, rather than groups as
7632-407: The girl's village arrives at the house of the headman of the boy's village to discover the couple's intentions. The couple are summoned to the village headman and the bride is asked whether she wishes to set a date for kesimek' . If she replies 'no', the boy's family will have to pay a small fine to the jog majhi of the girl's village, who would take the girl back to her father. If she assents,
7738-529: The grievances of Santals of North Bengal. The Santal community, like the others of the region, was split between West Bengal in India and East Bengal in Pakistan during Partition. After independence, the Santals were made one of the Scheduled Tribes in India. In East Pakistan, there were some regions in the west where Santals were still in significant numbers. There and in neighbouring West Bengal,
7844-617: The lack of significant archaeological records, the original homeland of the Santhals is not known with certainty. The folklore of the Santhals claims they came from Hihiri , which scholars have identified as Ahuri in Hazaribagh district . From there, they claim, they were pushed onto Chota Nagpur Plateau , then to Jhalda , Patkum and finally Saont, where they settled for good. According to Dalton, where they were renamed to Santal from cluster name Kharwar. This legend, which has been cited by several scholars, has been used as evidence that
7950-520: The local tribals because of the vermilion colored soil found here. Technically the type of soil available in the area is Laterite which has got a vermilion coloured or reddish hue. The word Sindri is also said to be a part of the Mundari lexicon. Mundari is a language spoken by the indigenous people who have lived in and around this place for a long time. It roughly translates into "Ridge" or "Frontier." There are some evidences available that centuries ago
8056-488: The map is part of Dhanbad Municipal Corporation , an urban area. The places in the DMC area are marked as neighbourhoods . The western part of the region shown in the map is covered by Dhanbad (community development block) . 57% of the population of Dhanbad CD block reside in rural areas and 43% reside in urban areas, The east-central part of the region shown in the map is covered by Baliapur (community development block) . 86% of
8162-458: The matter of closed units of FCI to the BIFR for considering revival of the Sindri fertilizer factory along with other closed down units of FCI at Ramagundam, Talcher, Gorakhpur and Korba. The Government of India in April 2007 decided in principle to revive the closed Sindri fertilizer factory subject to availability of Natural Gas as input. In 2010, the Government of India has decided to revive
8268-601: The meantime, the due change in its modernization and expansion plan SAIL has taken a view not to pursue the Sindri Revival project further. The Government of India has approved in May 2015 to revive the closed Sindri Fertilizer Plant through 'bidding route' with investment of Rs. 6,000 Crores. Accordingly, Bids have been invited from the interested investors, which is due to open in December 2015. The process of reopening
8374-438: The name suggests, the park had seven lakes neatly bordered with lush green bushes and trees. It was a huge park with children play area and few small animals in enclosure such as deer, rabbits, parrots, peacocks. On the new year day, every year the residents would occupy different parts of the park to have a picnic with friends and family. The reminiscence of the park can still be found but it is not as maintained as it used to be in
8480-471: The past. After closure of the FCIL factory, the electricity and water supply from its Water purification plant has been limited. The fertilizer plant brought together people from many different locations of India to work in various roles. Sindri was truly the mixing pot for various cultures and regions in India. It was not unusual to find a Bengali, a Bihari, a Sikh, a Tamil, a Kannada and a Jain family living in
8586-404: The plant is expected to finish in 2024, with anticipated inauguration by PM Narendra Modi of India. As of 2001 India census , Sindri had a population of 76,827. Males constitute 54% of the population and females 46%. Sindri has an average literacy rate of 68%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy rate is 77%, and female literacy rate is 57%. In Sindri, 12% of the population
8692-522: The plants were closed in December 2002. The BIFR then referred the case of closed fertilizer units to Delhi High Court for appointing liquidators for selling the assets of the closed units and clearing the dues of different debtors. Meanwhile, the GAIL planned to lay Natural Gas pipeline from Jagdishpur in Uttar Pradesh to Haldia in West Bengal which would be laid at around 20-25 kilometres from
8798-527: The point where Santals grew discontented. In 1855, they revolted in the Santal rebellion , better known as the Santal Hul . 30,000 Santals, led by Sidhu and Kanhu Murmu , attacked the zamindars and other outsiders ( dikkus ) who had made their lives so miserable, as well as the British authorities. Eventually, around 10,000 British troops managed to suppress the rebellion. Although the rebellion's impact
8904-467: The population of Baliapur CD block reside in rural areas and 14% reside in urban areas. The places in the CD block areas are marked mostly as census towns . Three operational areas of BCCL operate fully within the region – Pootkee Balihari Area , Lodna Area and Eastern Jharia Area . The Moonidih sector of Western Jharia Area also operates in the region. There is a police station at Sindri. Sindri
9010-451: The premier institutions for technical education in the state of Bihar and Jharkhand. Sindri is located at 22°48′N 85°59′E / 22.8°N 85.98°E / 22.8; 85.98 . It has an average elevation of 178 metres (583) feet Note: The map alongside presents some of the notable locations in the area. All places marked in the map are linked in the larger full screen map. The earlier notified area
9116-413: The rent was cheaper than the more fertile wet lands. However they faced heavy taxation from the zamindars, and were oppressed by moneylenders, upper castes, and the bureaucracy in general. In 1924, several Santal sardars, influenced by Gandhian ideology and led by Jitu Sardar, began to lead agitations against the oppressive double system of elite Bengalis and British government. Santals stopped paying rent to
9222-406: The residence of Doms. Other localities like Rohrabandh, Domgarh, Shaharpura and Rangamati were all housing colonies for the employees of FCIL and PDIL . Gausala was the area just outside the campus of BIT Sindri . The Sindri township was well-planned township with over lush green avenues all over with all possible amenities and spacious Quarters with lawns in front and space for kitchen garden in
9328-407: The same block of the town. The communal harmony and social acceptance which was instilled in youngsters growing up in the town made it much easier for them to adapt to a diverse culture. The greatest contribution of Sindri Fertilizer Plant may be in creating a generation of Indians born with multi-cultural values. Such multi-cultured adaptive people are now spread all over the world. Shaharpura hosted
9434-498: The spirits of important people of the village who have since been deified. There is also another class of bongas who are feared as bringers of evil. These spirits are not placated by a priest but by a medicine-man called ojha . In the present-day, belief in these malignant bongas is eroding due to the penetration of modern medical science. The lack of a separate name for malignant bongas caused many early colonial scholars to present Santal religion as wholly focused on
9540-514: The spirits with the bodies, they flew away and asked for a place to build a nest. Marang Buru could not get anyone else to bring land to the surface, and so the tortoise volunteered and pushed the Earth onto his back. The birds then gave birth to a boy and a girl called Pilchu Haram and Pilchu Budhi . These two had seven sons and seven daughters, but the couple soon had a quarrel and separated. Pilchu Haram and his sons became great hunters, and on
9646-455: The title Sindri . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sindri&oldid=1177109204 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Sindri (Dhanbad) Sindri
9752-516: The village or family and serve a wide range of spiritual functions that focus on placating potentially dangerous spirits and co-ordinating rituals. The Santhal people are constitutionally designated as Scheduled Tribes only in Fifth Schedule areas , such as Bihar, Jharkhand, West Bengal, Odisha, and Tripura. While the Santals, who migrated from Fifth Schedule areas to Sixth Schedule areas , specifically to Assam as tea garden laborers during
9858-484: The zamindars, beat up revenue inspectors, and led agitations against the moneylenders. In 1928, the Santals stopped paying the chaukidari tax and led protests in Thakurgaon in 1929. In 1932, several Santals attempted to organise their own state with Jitu Sardar as head, initially based on Gandhi's Ram Rajya but quickly criticised Gandhi when he did not help them. In 1933, a British commissioner was appointed to look into
9964-509: Was Sindri's window to the rest of India and brought a splash of colour to an otherwise pastel town. Sindri was also known for its active socially conscious Ladies Club and Vanita Samaj, two prominent organizations for the wives of the officers in Sindri. Literature in different languages thrived in Sindri with organizations like Hindi Sahitya Parishad, Vidyapati Parishad, Urdu-Hindi Sangam and Anjuman-i-Urdu. Various Mushaira's (Urdu Poetry) and Kavi samelans were held in between 1965 and 1995. From
10070-433: Was a significant part of the children growing up in Sindri. Children learnt Kathak dance and Hindustani Classical music. In its days of glory, this institution had won many awards for Sindri. The Kalyan Kendra (Welfare Centre) located between Rohrabandh and Shaharpura had a sprawling ground adjacent to it. The complex boasted of a traditional gym and a modern one too. Later a swimming pool was built as part of this complex. It
10176-494: Was also known for few other companies situated here such as ACC Limited (formerly Associated Cement Company Limited), Coal Mines of The Indian Iron and Steel Company Limited (IISCo), which has been taken over by Steel Authority of India Limited (SAIL) and Projects and Development India Limited (PDIL), formerly Planning & Development Division of FCI and Coal Mines of the Bharat Coking Coal Limited ,
10282-498: Was brewed in-situ at low heat in wide mouthed vats of oil in which a few exotic looking lizards lounged around (unharmed) for the afternoon. Marathon bicyclists occasionally came to town to ride around in circles for days on end without setting their foot down. This form of theatre elevated everyday activities like shaving, showering and eating to heroic levels and got the salaried men of Sindri to spare some change for their more venturesome if less fortunate compatriots. The open air market
10388-486: Was combined with other urban units to form Dhanbad Municipal Corporation in 2006. Sindri is spread over parts of Ward No. 52, 53 and 54 of Dhanbad Municipal Corporation . The region shown in the map is a part of the undulating uplands bustling with coalmines. The Damodar River , the most important river of the Chota Nagpur Plateau , flows along the southern border. A major part of the area shown in
10494-680: Was largely overshadowed by that of the Indian Rebellion of 1857 , the impact of the Santhal Rebellion lives on as a turning point in Santhal pride and identity. This was reaffirmed, over a century and a half later with the creation of the tribal province in the Republic of India , Jharkhand . Following the rebellion, the British satisfied all Santhal demands, due to their importance as a tax-paying group. The British created
10600-477: Was made available to the township locally produced in FCI Power Plants. Damodar river was the source of water for the entire township. A highly sophisticated water purification system was designed to supply water in the township. If Sindri was a temple of Modern India, its altar was the immaculately landscaped design and well staffed Hospital and other amenity centers. There was a park called 7 Lakes. As
10706-487: Was renamed as Birsa Institute of Technology (BIT), Sindri after the creation of Jharkhand state in November 2000. The Institute had been affiliated with Vinoba Bhave University, Hazaribagh till 2018. From 2018 batch, it got affiliated with Jharkhand University of Technology, Ranchi. It is the only one government aided institute in Jharkhand. The township of Sindri can be divided into three different areas. The first part
10812-569: Was set by the Government of India in 1945 under the Chief Technical Advisor, Brig. M H Cox. To end the system of diarchy and to replace the same with one of autonomy, a company named Sindri Fertilizers and Chemicals Limited was formed under the Companies Act, which came into being in December 1951 as the first Public Sector Company, wholly owned and governed by the Government of India. The production of Ammonium Sulphate in
10918-441: Was the residential area for the employees of FCIL and PDIL , the second part was occupied by the employees of ACC . The third part was occupied by the students and staff of Bihar Institute of Technology , in short BIT Sindri . The division of the town in terms of localities can be done as - Domgarh, Rohrabandh, Saharpura, Manohartand, Gaushala and Rangamati. Domgarh was the older tribal village of Sindri, or better associated as
11024-428: Was the venue for Independence Day and Republic Day parades and location of choice for staging plays and poetry readings by groups that believed that watching movies (along with chewing tobacco, imbibing tea, gambling and playing chess or cards,) was a bad habit. The one western influence that seeped into Kalyan Kendra was table tennis and of course carrom board. The Bengali literati staged night long yatras and durga pujas,
11130-461: Was their custom for working the land. When they arrived in Damin-i-koh (present day Santal Pargana ), the British provided no protection for the Santals against the preexisting Mal Paharias , who were against destruction of forest, were known raiders of the plains areas and had only recently been partially "pacified". Eventually, the Santals, with their better technology and ability to match
11236-422: Was water, and Marang Buru and some lesser deities were the only inhabitants. When some spirits requested permission to make humans, Marang Buru asked Malan Budhi to create the human bodies. When she had finally succeeded, she was told by Marang Buru to use the human spirits that were high on the rafters of his hut. She could not reach the human spirit, and took the bird spirit instead. When Marang Buru integrated
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