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37-477: The 779-square-kilometre (301 sq mi) municipality is the 147th largest by area out of the 356 municipalities in Norway. Skien is the 18th most populous municipality in Norway with a population of 55,924. The municipality's population density is 77.8 inhabitants per square kilometre (202/sq mi) and its population has increased by 5.5% over the previous 10-year period. The conurbation of Porsgrunn/Skien

74-544: A visual pun or rebus . The expression derives from the latin cantare (to sing). French heralds used the term armes parlantes (English: "talking arms" ), as they would sound out the name of the armiger. Many armorial allusions require research for elucidation because of changes in language and dialect that have occurred over the past millennium. Canting arms – some in the form of rebuses – are quite common in German civic heraldry. They have also been increasingly used in

111-451: A little less than the land area of Puerto Rico , 8,868 square kilometres (3,424 sq mi). Although the arithmetic density is the most common way of measuring population density, several other methods have been developed to provide alternative measures of population density over a specific area. Canting arms Canting arms are heraldic bearings that represent the bearer's name (or, less often, some attribute or function) in

148-522: A small suburb of Skien further up the Telemark Canal, concerts are held at Løveid Sluser. There are plans to hold cultural events and concerts at Klosterøya (a downtown graffiti park). There are no local amusement parks in Skien. Lekeland was a small amusement park for children just outside the town, but it closed in 2008. Every year there is a traveling carnival with rides and merry-go-arounds for

185-652: A suite of (open and free) data and tools named the Global Human Settlement Layer (GHSL) to improve the science for policy support to the European Commission Directorate Generals and Services and as support to the United Nations system. Several of the most densely populated territories in the world are city-states , microstates and urban dependencies . In fact, 95% of the world's population

222-523: A week, in "Stevneplassen". There is an indoor waterpark and a big outdoor climbing park in Skien Fritidspark . Frogner Manor  [ no ] ( Frogner Hovedgård ) is a manor house on the outskirts of Skien. The manor house was built for shipowner and timber merchant Christopher Hansen Blom (died 1879) and his wife Marie Elisabeth (Cappelen) Blom (died 1834). The main building is influenced by Italian Renaissance architecture. The garden

259-445: Is concentrated on just 10% of the world's land. These territories have a relatively small area and a high urbanization level, with an economically specialized city population drawing also on rural resources outside the area, illustrating the difference between high population density and overpopulation . Deserts have very limited potential for growing crops as there is not enough rain to support them. Thus, their population density

296-773: Is generally low. However, some cities in the Middle East, such as Dubai , have been increasing in population and infrastructure growth at a fast pace. Cities with high population densities are, by some, considered to be overpopulated, though this will depend on factors like quality of housing and infrastructure and access to resources. Very densely populated cities are mostly in Asia (particularly Southeast Asia ); Africa's Lagos , Kinshasa , and Cairo ; South America's Bogotá , Lima , and São Paulo ; and Mexico City and Saint Petersburg also fall into this category. City population and especially area are, however, heavily dependent on

333-537: Is governed by a municipal council of directly elected representatives. The mayor is indirectly elected by a vote of the municipal council. The municipality is under the jurisdiction of the Telemark District Court and the Agder Court of Appeal . The municipal council (Kommunestyre) of Skien is made up of 55 representatives that are elected to four-year terms. The tables below show

370-458: Is located at Vold havneterminal . Skien was connected to the Norwegian railway network ( Vestfoldbanen ) in 1882. In 1919, Bratsbergbanen railway line opened between Skien and Notodden . Vy still operates regular train services on both railways. The local airport was Skien Airport, Geiteryggen . It served domestic flights to Bergen and Stavanger as well as flights to Trondheim by

407-517: Is located in Skien. Because the E18 highway lies outside of the metropolitan area of Grenland , Skien has lost many important companies to the cities in Vestfold . Skien has three shopping malls : Skien is twinned with: Population density Population density (in agriculture : standing stock or plant density ) is a measurement of population per unit land area. It

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444-464: Is made out of metal, then gold is used. The skis are a semi- canting element (based on the meaning of the town's name) and the cross is a religious symbol . There have been several theories about the meaning of the cross, but its meaning is not clearly known. It has been suggested that it is a symbol for the main church in Skien, the Holy Cross church. The small star may be a symbol of St. Mary as

481-530: Is mostly applied to humans , but sometimes to other living organisms too. It is a key geographical term. Population density is population divided by total land area , sometimes including seas and oceans, as appropriate. Low densities may cause an extinction vortex and further reduce fertility. This is called the Allee effect after the scientist who identified it. Examples of the causes of reduced fertility in low population densities are: Population density

518-432: Is reckoned by Statistics Norway to be the seventh largest urban area in Norway , straddling an area of three municipalities: Skien municipality (about 62% of the population), Porsgrunn Municipality (30%), and Bamble Municipality (8%). This entire area is home to more than 100,000 people. The municipality has existed since 1838, but the city of Skien is one of Norway's oldest cities, with an urban history dating back to

555-430: Is still used for small productions. In the summer of 2009 Elton John held a concert at the new Skagerak Arena, the soccer pitch for the local footfall team Odd. Next to Skagerak Arena is Stevneplassen, where car shows, concerts, flea markets and the annual "Handelsstevnet" – a trade fair with entertainment and a small amusement park – are held. The Handelsstevnet was closed down after the annual fair in 2011. In Skotfoss,

592-472: Is the local culture and conference center in Skien. It also houses concerts by international and national artists, opera, theatre and other cultural events. Skien kunstforening has a department in Ibsenhuset, and the local culture school and library are also located in the building. The venue is also home to the regional symphony orchestra, Grenland Symfoniorkester. Teater Ibsen is the city theatre, and

629-513: Is the number of people per unit of area, usually transcribed as "per square kilometer" or square mile, and which may include or exclude, for example, areas of water or glaciers. Commonly this is calculated for a county , city , country , another territory or the entire world . The world's population is around 8,000,000,000 and the Earth 's total area (including land and water) is 510,000,000 km (200,000,000 sq mi). Therefore,

666-628: The Low Countries , the United Kingdom , and Denmark . It retained its position as Eastern Norway 's leading commercial city until the 19th century, when it gradually started to lose importance to the emerging capital of Christiania following the Napoleonic Wars . The city was the birthplace of playwright Henrik Ibsen , and many of his famous dramas are set in places reminiscent of early 19th-century Skien. The town of Skien

703-415: The 1980s, the city officially adopted the current arms, which are identical to the oldest seal. The colours are the colours that have been used since the 19th century. The differences between the seal and the present arms are that in the arms the cross is placed on top of the skis and the star is changed from a four-pointed star to a six-pointed star, and that the cross is made of ski-poles. Until 1979, it

740-603: The 20th century among the British royal family. When the visual representation is expressed through a rebus , this is sometimes called a rebus coat of arms . An in-joke among the Society for Creative Anachronism heralds is the pun , "Heralds don't pun; they cant." A famous example of canting arms are those of Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother 's paternal family, the Bowes-Lyon family . The arms (pictured below) contain

777-493: The Middle Ages, and received privileges as a market town in 1358. From the 15th century, the city was governed by a 12-member council. Skien was historically a centre of seafaring, timber exports, and early industrialization. It was one of Norway's two or three largest cities between the 16th and 19th centuries. It was also one of Norway's most internationally oriented cities, with extensive contact with its export markets in

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814-539: The Norwegian crown in 1358. Timber has historically been the principal export from Skien, and in the sixteenth century the city became the Kingdom's leading port for shipping timber. The oldest remaining building is Gjerpen church (built in approximately 1150). From the 16th century, the city came to be dominated by a group of families known as patricians . In an 1882 letter to Georg Brandes , Henrik Ibsen mentions

851-577: The airline Vildanden . For the present, no commercial flights are operated from Geiteryggen. The Church of Norway has seven parishes ( sokn ) within the municipality of Skien. It is part of the Skien prosti ( deanery ) in the Diocese of Agder og Telemark . Skien Church is the largest church in Telemark county, and is famous for its two twin towers and great organ . Skien was the birthplace of

888-405: The arms have a red field (background) and the charge is a two ski poles forming a cross with a star at the crosspoint located in between two skis which in turn are between two tall flower plants growing out of a flat ground at the bottom of the shield. A mural crown is usually displayed above the shield. The charge has a tincture of Or which means it is commonly colored yellow, but if it

925-488: The author and playwright Henrik Ibsen , probably the most important writer to emerge from Norway. Many of Ibsen's plays are set in an unnamed provincial town that suggests Skien. The former Ibsen family homestead at Venstøp outside Skien was established as the Ibsen Museum in 1958. The Ibsen Museum has now been incorporated into the multi-site Telemark Museum , which includes several other historical sites. Ibsenhuset

962-525: The current and historical composition of the council by political party . The mayors ( Norwegian : ordfører ) of Skien: The European route E18 highway runs through neighboring Porsgrunn and it connects to the Norwegian national road 36 which is the main road through Skien. It follows along the Skienselva river to the north. Another main route used by most buses coming from Oslo is Norwegian county road 32 which goes through Siljan and on to

999-547: The definition of "urban area" used: densities are almost invariably higher for the center only than when suburban settlements and intervening rural areas are included, as in the agglomeration or metropolitan area (the latter sometimes including neighboring cities). In comparison, based on a world population of 8 billion, the world's inhabitants, if conceptualized as a loose crowd occupying just under 1 m (10 sq ft) per person (cf. Jacobs Method ), would occupy an area of 8,000 square kilometres (3,100 sq mi)

1036-466: The families Paus , Plesner, von der Lippe , Cappelen and Blom as the most prominent patrician families when he grew up there. The current town layout was fixed after the last town fire in 1886. Skien Municipality is responsible for primary education (through 10th grade), outpatient health services , senior citizen services, welfare and other social services , zoning , economic development , and municipal roads and utilities. The municipality

1073-533: The northeast. Skien is the main terminus for the Telemark Canal . The "Norsjø-Skienskanalen" section of the canal, with one terminus at Skien and the other at Løveid, was built in 1854–1861. In Europe, canals were commonly built in the pre-railroad period to transport goods, timber, and passengers. The "Porsgrunn river" runs from the lock at Skien through Porsgrunn to the Frierfjord . Skien harbour

1110-408: The second medieval church of Skien was devoted to her. Besides the skis and cross, there are two meadow buttercups on each side. The municipal flag is white with a small image of coat of arms next to the name "Skien kommune". In 1854, the arms were shown as two skis, but the cross was now made from ski poles , as another canting element. This remained so until the early half of the 20th century. In

1147-409: The town. The name is the plural genitive case of the word skið which means " ski ", likely referring to the straight path of the river. The coat of arms is derived from the oldest known seal of the city, dating back to 1609. The blazon is " Gules , two crossed ski-poles with central star between two skis addorsed between two flower plants issuant from a terrace in base Or" . This means

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1184-573: The work of the Schei Committee . On 1 January 1964, the town of Skien (population: 15,805) was merged with the neighboring Solum Municipality (population: 13,706) and Gjerpen Municipality (population: 15,300) plus the Valebø area of Holla Municipality (population: 259). These areas became the new Skien Municipality. The municipality (originally the town of Skien ) is named after the Skien river ( Old Norse : Skiða ) since it ran through

1221-599: The worldwide human population density is approximately 8,000,000,000 ÷ 510,000,000 = 16/km (41/sq mi). However, if only the Earth's land area of 150,000,000 km (58,000,000 sq mi) is taken into account, then human population density is 53/km (140/sq mi). This includes all continental and island land area, including Antarctica . However, if Antarctica is excluded, then population density rises to over 58 per square kilometre (150/sq mi). The European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) has developed

1258-514: Was completed in 1933. The daily newspapers Varden and Telemarksavisa are published in Skien. The local television for Telemark , TVTelemark, is located in Skien. The largest industries are ABB Asea Brown Boveri ( engineering firm), Norske Skog Union (a paper mill which was closed down in the spring of 2006), and EFD Induction ( induction heating and induction welding ). Other important places of work are Telemark Hospital and Telemark county municipality . Agder Court of Appeal

1295-464: Was established as an urban municipality on 1 January 1838 (see formannskapsdistrikt law). On 1 January 1856, an area of Gjerpen Municipality (population: 1,286) was annexed by the growing town of Skien. Again, on 1 July 1916, another area of Gjerpen Municipality (population: 1,332) and an area of Solum Municipality (population: 1,042) was annexed by the growing town of Skien. During the 1960s, there were many municipal mergers across Norway due to

1332-527: Was laid out in English landscape style in the 1850s. The Church on Kapitelberget ( Kirken på Kapitelberget ) was a medieval church. Kapitelberget was a private chapel on Bratsberg farm dating to the early 1100s. It is not known when the church went out of use, but Bratsberg farm burned down in 1156. in 1576, Peder Claussøn Friis reviewed it as a ruin. The site was first excavated in 1901. In 1928, Gerhard Fischer undertook restoration and preservation. The work

1369-431: Was thought that Skien was founded in the 14th century. However, the archaeological discovery of a carving of the Skien animal has established that its founding preceded 1000 A.D. The city was then a meeting place for inland farmers and marine traders, and also a centre for trading whetstones from Eidsborg (inland Telemark). Gimsøy Abbey was founded in the 12th century. Skien was given formal commercial town rights by

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