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33-507: The district was built as a free zone to transfer goods without paying customs. The district and the surrounding area have been under redevelopment for many years as the port industry has evolved. As an exceptional example of Neo-Gothic and modernist architecture , and for its testimony to the development of international maritime trade, the Speicherstadt was awarded the status of UNESCO World Heritage Site on 5 July 2015, along with

66-427: A free port is a special customs area or small customs territory with generally less strict customs regulations (or no customs duties or controls for transshipment ). Earlier in history, some free ports like enjoyed political autonomy. Many international airports have free ports, though they tend to be called customs areas, customs zones, or international zones . Although the enabling act came into effect in 1992,

99-423: A long corridor. Trains run along the walls of the rooms and on peninsula-like protrusions. The layout consists (as of September 2016) of nine completed sections of 60 to 300 m (650 to 3,230 sq ft). Special features include a simulated daily routine where twilight, night and day repeat every 15 minutes. This includes an automatic lighting control system that activates more than 300,000 lights to match

132-448: A small chocolate bar in a factory, resulting in a block of Lindt chocolate dispensed for the visitor to sample. Certain tours also include a behind-the-scenes look at detailed figures that cannot be seen from the normal public area. After six years in planning and under construction, Knuffingen airport was officially opened to visitors on 4 May 2011 as a special section of the facility. Its buildings resemble Hamburg Airport . As in

165-477: Is also designed with around 4,300 houses and bridges, more than 10,000 vehicles – of which around 350 drive independently on the installation – 52 airplanes and around 290,000 figures. The system features a recurring day-night lighting cycle and almost 500,000 built-in LED lights. Of the 7,000 m (75,347 sq ft) of floorspace, the models occupies 1,545 m (16,630 sq ft). As of December 2021,

198-800: Is the Kaispeicher B of the International Maritime Museum . The Speicherstadt is a major tourist attraction in Hamburg and is the focus of most of the harbor tours. There are several museums, like the Deutsches Zollmuseum  [ de ] (German Customs Museum), Miniatur Wunderland (a model railway), and the Hamburg Dungeon . The Afghan Museum was also located here, but closed in 2012. The buildings are also used as warehouses. As of 2005,

231-830: The German Customs Union . Following the Austro-Prussian War which established Prussian hegemony in North Germany, Hamburg was obliged to join the North German Federation . However it obtained an opt-out in the form of Article 34 of the North German constitution, which stated that Hamburg and the other Hanseatic cities would remain as free ports outside the Community customs border until they apply for inclusion. Article 34

264-487: The Guinness World Record for "longest melody played by a model train." Several times following completion of the various expansion stages, the Hamburg section was visited by a team of reporters from Eisenbahn-Romantik from SWR . Numerous television stations , magazines and newspapers have reported on Miniatur Wunderland. In May 2009, rapper Samy Deluxe filmed a portion of the music video for

297-595: The Kontorhaus District . The Speicherstadt is located in the port of Hamburg . It is 1.5 km (0.93 mi) long and interlaced by loading canals (Low German: Fleets ). From 1815, the independent and sovereign city of Hamburg was a member of the German Confederation – the association of Central European states created by the Congress of Vienna – but not a member of

330-528: The America section, an Interstate Highway is equipped with a dynamic Traffic Control System, which uses variable-message signs with 2x16 characters, lane use control lights , and 4 different speed limits to control traffic. Intricate details include a changing scoreboard in the Volkspark Stadium , speeding cameras and a crashed cheese wheel truck. There is also a Jet gas station displaying

363-691: The Island of Tierra del Fuego Law 24331: Free Zones (of Argentina) Foreign trade zones: Miniatur Wunderland The Miniatur Wunderland ( German for: " Miniature Wonderland ") is, according to Guinness World Records , the largest model railway system in the world. It is located at the historic Speicherstadt in Hamburg and is one of the most popular and most visited sights in Germany . The exhibition includes around 1,120 digitally controlled trains with more than 10,000 wagons. The Wonderland

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396-409: The aircraft on the ground is realized with the help of technology based on the car system. The vehicles in the airport tell their own little stories with coordinated refueling, loading and unloading before and after landing starting from the aircraft parking positions. Unlike the other landscapes, the railroad at the airport is hardly visible. There is only an airport station underground. According to

429-546: The aircraft that approximates reality. The section features a wide variety of standard commercial aircraft, including Boeing 747 , Boeing 787 , Airbus A350 and Airbus A380 , in the liveries of active and defunct airlines from around the world. There is also a Concorde in British Airways livery, a Space Shuttle , a bee and a model of the Millennium Falcon spaceship from Star Wars . The movement of

462-619: The buildings in Operation Gomorrah by bombing during World War II , the conservative rebuilding was finished in 1967, while the Hanseatic Trade Center now occupies the sites of the completely destroyed structures. In 1991 it was listed as a protected Hamburg heritage site. Since 2008, it has been part of the HafenCity quarter. In an attempt to revitalize the inner city area, the Hamburg government initiated

495-650: The certificate for the newly established world record. The 190 m (2,000 sq ft) Bella Italia section was opened on 28 September 2016 after four years under construction, involving 180,000 man hours and costing around €4 million. Work on the Monaco / Provence section started in August 2019 and, when completed, added another 315 meters (1,033 ft). As of 2019, the total length of 15,715 meters (51,558 ft) therefore corresponded to 1,367.21 kilometres (849.54 mi) in real length, making Miniatur Wunderland

528-864: The companies in the Speicherstadt handled one third of the world's oriental rug production, and other goods including cocoa, coffee, tea, spices, maritime equipment, and electronics. List of free ports In special economic zones business and trades laws differ from the rest of the country. The term, and a number of other terms, can have different specific meanings in different countries and publications. Often they have relaxed jurisdiction of customs or related national regulations. They can be ports or other large areas or smaller allocated areas. Terms include free port (porto Franco), free zone (zona franca), bonded area (US: foreign-trade zone ), free economic zone , free-trade zone , export processing zone and maquiladora . Most commonly

561-811: The completion of the Hamburg, German Coast section in November 2002, Wunderland became the largest model railroad in Europe. The United States was added in December 2003, followed by Scandinavia in July 2005. On 10 September 2015, the Brauns added the final piece of track between the Switzerland section and a new Italy section, extending the track length from 13,000 meters (43,000 ft) to 15,400 meters (50,500 ft). An observing Guinness judge presented

594-545: The development of the HafenCity area, for example with the construction of the Elbe Philharmonic Hall . The warehouses were built with different support structures, but Franz Andreas Meyer created a Neo-Gothic red- brick outer layer with little towers, alcoves, and glazed terra cotta ornaments. The warehouses are multi-storey buildings with entrances from water and land. One of the oldest warehouses

627-602: The establishment of specialised Free Zones and other types of Zones, namely: The introduction of free zones has played a large role in increasing the amount of investment into Nigeria. When all the free zones are fully operational, Nigeria is projected to play a large role in expanding export-driven manufacturing activities in Africa. European Union free zones: Тechnological–Industrial Development Zones (TIDZs) Serbia has 14 free economic zones as of September 2017; these are: Law 19640: Special Customs Area for

660-408: The fictional main town of Knuffingen, there is also a simulation of a fire department with a large fleet of vehicles, including four airfield fire engines . On the 14-meter (46 ft) runway, aircraft models accelerate to scale on an invisible sled, and by means of two guide rods can lift off the ground and disappear into a wall. Depending on the launch phase, the guide rods allow a horizontal tilt of

693-641: The fifteen-millionth. Around three quarters of visitors come from Germany , while the remaining quarter hail mainly from Denmark , Switzerland , Austria , England , the US and China . In 2010, founders Frederik and Gerrit Braun and Stephan Hertz were awarded the Cross of Merit on Ribbon of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany for their social commitment. The Miniatur Wunderland also holds

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726-535: The largest model railway layout in the world by all measures. In 2020, a bridge connected the original Wunderland to a building across the canal. The new space features depictions of Antarctica and South America , including Rio de Janeiro . Construction on Monaco and Provence , featuring a Formula One circuit, was concluded in 2024. Other future projects include Central America/Caribbean and Asia. The creators say construction on Great Britain will begin in 2028. Visitors explore different rooms throughout

759-614: The new port area, the demolition of the Kehrwieder and Wandrahm area began and more than 20,000 people needed to be relocated. The construction was completed before the start of World War I , managed by the Freihafen-Lagerhaus-Gesellschaft (the predecessor of the Hamburger Hafen und Logistik AG ), which was also responsible for the subsequent operation. After the destruction of about half of

792-628: The one hand, Hamburg's Plenipotentiary Senators Versmann and O'Swald, and the envoy of the Hanseatic states in Berlin, Dr Krüger, on the other. Hamburg would join the Customs Union with all its territory, except a permanent free port district which the agreement specified. For this district, Article 34 would still apply, thus the freedoms of that district could not be abolished or restricted without Hamburg's approval. In 1883, to clear space for

825-424: The operators, the 150-square-metre (1,600 sq ft) space cost around 3.5 million euros, in addition to 150,000 man hours. The area is equipped not only with many rolling aircraft models, but also with hundreds of cars, passenger boarding bridges , parking garages , airport hotels, a subway and individual figures. On 5 December 2012 the ten-millionth visitor came to Miniatur Wunderland and on 2 December 2016

858-646: The pioneer Free Zone (the Calabar Free Trade Zone) was not fully completed until 1999, and commenced operation after official commissioning in November 2001. Since then, the Free Zones Scheme has been used as a vehicle for industrial and commercial development of the country. Private Sector participation and partnership with the Federal Government and other tiers of government has helped spread the scheme. This has culminated in

891-687: The railway consisted of 16,138 m (52,946 ft) of track in H0 scale , divided into nine sections: Harz mountains, the fictitious town of Knuffingen, the Alps and Austria , Hamburg , the United States , Scandinavia , Switzerland , a replica of Hamburg Airport , Italy and South America . Planning is also in progress for the construction of sections for Central America and the Caribbean , Asia , England , Africa and The Netherlands . In

924-464: The real current gasoline prices of its prototype in Hamburg's Amsinck street. Visitors can control operations on the system through about 200 push-buttons , including options to start a mine train, turn wind turbines, trigger a goal in the football stadium, launch a helicopter or the Space Shuttle , or elongate Pinocchio 's nose. One button allows visitors to watch the simulated production of

957-571: The song "Stumm" in Miniatur Wunderland. About 100 sequences were recorded in which a miniature figure "runs" ( stop-motion ) through the layout. On 5 December 2009 the outdoor betting section of the German television show Wetten, dass..? took place at Miniatur Wunderland. The plot of several episodes of the Hamburg crime series Großstadtrevier takes place at Miniatur Wunderland. In 2015, together with singer Helene Fischer ,

990-461: The summer of 2000, Frederik Braun, one of the two founders of Miniatur Wunderland, was on vacation in Zurich . In a local model train store he came up with the idea for the world's largest model railway. Back in Hamburg, he searched for email addresses online and started a survey on the popularity of real and fictional sights of the city. In the process, the Miniatur Wunderland, which did not yet exist,

1023-557: The time of day. The 120-square-metre (1,300 sq ft) fantasy town of Knuffingen , with a population of about 6,000, is equipped with more than 100 moving model cars, including numerous fire engines, which are used to simulate a firefighting operation in Knuffingen every 15 minutes on average. Traffic simulation is made possible by a modified car system that is also used in the USA , Scandinavia and Knuffingen Airport sections. In

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1056-573: Was carried over into the imperial constitution of 1871, when the south German states joined the federation. However, Hamburg came under great pressure from Berlin to join the Customs Union after 1879, when the latter's external tariff was greatly increased. In 1881 an agreement was signed between the Prussian Finance Minister Karl Hermann Bitter and the State Secretary of the imperial Treasury, on

1089-421: Was ranked 3 by male respondents. According to Braun and his twin brother Gerrit, the initial idea and business plan for Miniatur Wunderland fit on just two pages. The financial backer was Hamburger Sparkasse . After construction began in December 2000, the first three sections ( Knuffingen , Central Germany and Austria ) opened on 16 August 2001. Since then, several sections have been added. With

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