The Fairfax County Parkway , numbered State Route 286 ( SR 286 , formerly SR 7100 ), is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of Virginia , acting as an expressway in Fairfax County with a mix of interchanges and signalized and unsignalized intersections. Its alignment runs from southeast to northwest and roughly corresponds to part of the once-proposed Outer Beltway around Washington, D.C. The first segment of the roadway opened in 1987; the road was completed in 2010.
65-714: SR 286 is also known as the John F. (Jack) Herrity Parkway , designated by the Virginia General Assembly in 1995, and the Trooper Charles Mark Cosslett Memorial Highway , designated in 2010 as the final link through Fort Belvoir . Jack Herrity served for 12 years on the Fairfax County Board of Supervisors , and was instrumental in getting the road built. This name is ceremonial, and is rarely used by
130-552: A diamond interchange with Leesburg Pike ( SR 7 ), at which the traffic signals are on SR 286. Algonkian Parkway continues north as a four-lane local road, eventually curving back west and south to SR 7 just east of SR 28 . The Fairfax County Parkway Trail is a multi-use trail that runs alongside the Franconia–Springfield Parkway and Fairfax County Parkway from Beulah Street in Springfield to SR 7, mostly as
195-417: A dogbone interchange (due to its aerial resemblance to a real or toy dog bone ), and sometimes also called a double roundabout interchange , occurs when the roundabouts do not form a complete circle but instead have a " raindrop " or " teardrop " shape. These two raindrop roundabouts are fused together, forming a single "squashed" roundabout. This configuration reduces conflicts between vehicles entering
260-607: A sidepath , but sometimes using adjacent frontage roads and old alignments of the roads that the parkway replaced. It intersects the Washington and Old Dominion Trail north of Sunset Hills Road at Herndon , near that trail's mile 19. The final section of the trail was opened in 2002. The Outer Beltway was first planned in 1950 as the "Cross Country Loop", part of the National Capital Planning Commission 's comprehensive plan. In Virginia, by
325-493: A tight urban diamond interchange ( TUDI ), is sometimes used in areas where there is insufficient right-of-way for a standard diamond interchange. The pair of intersections where the ramps meet the minor road are closely spaced. This spacing forces the turn lanes for each direction to run beside each other, causing the minor road to be wider than it would be if it were a standard diamond. Caltrans classifies this type as Type L-1. A single-point urban interchange ( SPUI )
390-411: A commission consisting of eight lawmakers, four from each party, and eight citizens. The amendment passed with all counties and cities supporting the measure except Arlington . The commission failed to reach an agreement on new state and congressional districts by an October 25, 2021, deadline, and relied upon the amendment's provision that lets the state Supreme Court of Virginia draw the districts in
455-475: A full freeway but was placed on hold. As of September 2010, this portion of the parkway opened for traffic, closing the gap that once existed. Plans have been made for an interchange at Fair Lakes Parkway , just north of I-66. This project will be funded with American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 funds. This project was certified on August 10, 2009, and the construction contract is expected to be let August 2010. Furthermore, improvements are being made to
520-495: A minor residential street. It intersects the west end of Burke Center Parkway ( SR 643 ), crosses over the Virginia Railway Express Manassas Line and Fairfax Station Road (SR 660), and intersects several other roads before a freeway section begins at a folded diamond interchange with Braddock Road ( SR 620 ). A complicated three-level diamond takes SR 286 over Lee Highway ( US 29 ) at
585-638: A redesign that required more right-of-way . The Fairfax County Board of Supervisors changed the name to the Fairfax County Parkway on June 23, 1988, noting that it traveled far from Springfield. Three bond issues were approved by Fairfax County voters to pay for construction of the highway, as well as other roads in the county: $ 135 million in November 1985, $ 150 million in April 1988, and $ 130 million in November 1992. The first portions of
650-419: A short piece from the new interchange with SR 7 south to Sugarland Road (SR 604), opened by June 1999. The parkway was extended south from Sugarland Road to Wiehle Avenue (SR 828) on November 1, 2000. The road was extended to Walnut Branch with two lanes extended to Baron Cameron Avenue (SR 606) on December 21, 2000. The gap between Walnut Branch and Sunset Hills was filled on November 5, 2001, finally completing
715-586: A two-thirds vote of both houses. The Governor of Virginia may convene a special session of the General Assembly "when, in his opinion, the interest of the Commonwealth may require" and must convene a special session "upon the application of two-thirds of the members elected to each house." Article II, section 6 on apportionment states, "Members of the . . . Senate and of the House of Delegates of
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#1732798059370780-434: A type of diamond interchange often called a dumbbell interchange (due to its aerial resemblance to a dumbbell ), and sometimes called a double roundabout interchange . Because roundabouts can generally handle traffic with fewer approach lanes than other intersection types, interchange construction costs can be reduced by eliminating the need for a wider bridge. This configuration allows other roads to form approach legs to
845-507: Is grade-separated from the minor road, one crossing the other over a bridge . Approaching the interchange from either direction, an off-ramp diverges only slightly from the freeway and runs directly across the minor road, becoming an on-ramp that returns to the freeway in similar fashion. The two places where the ramps meet the road are treated as conventional intersections . In the United States , where this form of interchange
910-608: Is $ 18,000. The annual salary for delegates is $ 17,640, with the exception that the Speaker's salary is $ 36,321. Members and one staff member also receive a per diem allowance for each day spent attending to official duties such as attending session in Richmond or attending committee meetings. Transportation expenses are reimbursed. Under the Constitution of Virginia , senators and delegates must be twenty-one years of age at
975-785: Is built where the beltway would have been. During the 1970s, attention was focused on the Metrorail system, and environmental concerns temporarily pushed the Outer Beltway onto the back burner. In the 1980s and 1990s, when the plan was revived as the Western Transportation Corridor , the route was shifted further west. The idea for the Springfield Bypass started in the 1970s as a bypass of SR 644 (Old Keene Mill Road) in Springfield . It
1040-402: Is built with a large over- or clear underpass providing space for a single traffic signal controlled intersection with the ramps and the cross street . Caltrans classifies this type as Type L-13. A contraflow left interchange ( CFL ) is a modified TUDI, once installed at Lyons Road underneath Florida State Road 869 , switching the left turn lanes on the cross street each other and bringing
1105-697: Is found on the Pat Bay Highway in North Saanich , British Columbia, near Victoria International Airport . One or both roundabouts in the dumbbell interchange may also contain side lanes to increase the capacity. A good example of such a "turbo" dumbbell interchange, which was formerly a half cloverleaf, can be seen in Jülich , Germany at 50°54′51″N 6°19′24″E / 50.914055°N 6.323368°E / 50.914055; 6.323368 . There are interchanges similar to dumbbells in which
1170-433: Is light and a more expensive interchange type is not needed. But where traffic volumes are higher, the two intersections within the interchange often feature additional traffic control measures such as traffic lights and extra lanes dedicated to turning traffic. The at-grade variant of the diamond interchange is the split intersection . The ramp intersections may also be configured as a pair of roundabouts to create
1235-604: Is not polarized. Member organizations include the League of Women Voters of Virginia, AARP of Virginia, OneVirginia2021 , the Virginia Chamber of Commerce and Virginia Organizing . Governor Bob McDonnell 's Independent Bipartisan Advisory Commission on Redistricting for the Commonwealth of Virginia made its report on April 1, 2011. It made two recommendations for each state legislative house that showed maps of districts more compact and contiguous than those adopted by
1300-426: Is very common, particularly in rural areas, traffic on the off-ramp typically faces a stop sign at the minor road, while traffic turning onto the freeway is unrestricted. The diamond interchange uses less space than most types of freeway interchange, and avoids the interweaving traffic flows that occur in interchanges such as the cloverleaf . Thus, diamond interchanges are most effective in areas where traffic
1365-651: The Democratic Party held a majority of seats in both the House and the Senate for the first time since 1996. They were sworn into office on January 8, 2020, at the start of the 161st session . In the 2021 election , the Republican Party recaptured a majority in the House of Delegates, then lost it after the 2023 election , when the Democratic Party secured majorities in both chambers of
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#17327980593701430-546: The Franconia–Springfield Metrorail station. Except for a short six-lane piece in Reston , the $ 242 million plan included only four lanes. Since it was a surface road, the highway could incorporate existing roads. This included portions of SR 617 (Backlick Road), SR 636 (Hooes Road), SR 641 (Pohick Road), and SR 680 (Stuart Road). Fifty-five homes and five businesses had to be taken by eminent domain to build
1495-616: The New World . It was established on July 30, 1619. The General Assembly is a bicameral body consisting of a lower house , the Virginia House of Delegates , with 100 members, and an upper house , the Senate of Virginia , with 40 members. Senators serve terms of four years, and delegates serve two-year terms. Combined, the General Assembly consists of 140 elected representatives from an equal number of constituent districts across
1560-431: The U.S. Army 's Fort Belvoir . But those plans fell through, and traffic growth necessitated a redesign. Plans were again postponed in the early 2000s due to necessary environmental cleanup of that part of Fort Belvoir, which included unexploded ordnance . The Environmental Protection Agency discovered in 2005 that an oil spill on the property had not been properly cleaned. As of 2007, the project had been designed as
1625-658: The Virginia Company of London to the new Governor Sir George Yeardley . It was initially a unicameral body composed of the Company-appointed Governor and Council of State , plus 22 burgesses elected by the settlements and Jamestown. The Assembly became bicameral in 1642 upon the formation of the House of Burgesses . The Assembly had a judicial function of hearing cases both original and appellate . At various times it may have been referred to as
1690-726: The General Assembly Building across the street directly north of the Capitol, which have been rebuilt and are expected to open in 2023. The Governor of Virginia lives across the street directly east of the Capitol in the Virginia Executive Mansion . The Virginia General Assembly is described as "the oldest continuous law-making body in the New World." Its existence dates to its establishment at Jamestown on July 30, 1619, by instructions from
1755-431: The General Assembly shall be elected from electoral districts established by the General Assembly. Every electoral district shall be composed of contiguous and compact territory and shall be so constituted as to give, as nearly as is practicable, representation in proportion to the population of the district." The Redistricting Coalition of Virginia proposes either an independent commission or a bipartisan commission that
1820-528: The General Assembly's efforts. The "Division 1" maps conformed with the Governor's executive order , and did not address electoral competition or representational fairness. In addition to the criteria of contiguity, equipopulation, the federal Voting Rights Act and communities of interest in the existing city and county boundaries, "Division 2" maps in the competition did incorporate considerations of electoral competition and representational fairness. Judges for
1885-810: The General Assembly. The General Assembly meets in Virginia's capital of Richmond . When sitting in Richmond, the General Assembly holds sessions in the Virginia State Capitol , designed by Thomas Jefferson in 1788 and expanded in 1904. During the American Civil War , the building was used as the capitol of the Confederate States , housing the Confederate Congress . The building was renovated between 2005 and 2006. Senators and delegates have their offices in
1950-565: The General Assembly. However, no action was taken after the report was released. In 2011 the Virginia College and University Redistricting Competition was organized by Professors Michael McDonald of George Mason University and Quentin Kidd of Christopher Newport University . About 150 students on sixteen teams from thirteen schools submitted plans for legislative and U.S. Congressional Districts. They created districts more compact than
2015-716: The Grand Assembly of Virginia. The General Assembly met in Jamestown from 1619 until 1699, when it first moved to the College of William & Mary near Williamsburg, Virginia , and from 1705 met in the colonial Capitol building. It became the General Assembly in 1776 with the ratification of the Virginia Constitution . The government was moved to Richmond in 1780 during the administration of Governor Thomas Jefferson . The annual salary for senators
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2080-505: The House of Delegates. In 2015, in Vesilind v. Virginia State Board of Elections in a Virginia state court, plaintiffs sought to overturn the General Assembly's redistricting in five House of Delegates and six state Senate districts as violations of both the Virginia and U.S. Constitutions because they failed to represent populations in "continuous and compact territory". In 2020, a constitutional amendment moved redistricting power to
2145-624: The Outer Beltway right-of-way. This straight path is followed until Baron Cameron Avenue ( SR 606 ), and includes an overpass at Pinecrest Road in the Fox Mill Estates neighborhood. After crossing the Dulles Access Road ( SR 267 ), SR 286 follows the east border of Herndon , with interchanges at Sunset Hills Road (SR 675) and Baron Cameron Avenue (SR 606). The parkway leaves the straight Outer Beltway alignment just beyond Baron Cameron Avenue, curving northwest and north to end at
2210-463: The Texas U-turn lanes. A split diamond interchange has its ramps "split" between two crossroads, typically with an exit ramp/entrance ramp pair serving each of the crossroads. The crossroads themselves may be one-way or two-way, and are most often connected by frontage roads, usually one-way. Where HOV lanes are present for carpooling , the ramps of a diamond interchange may be folded to
2275-521: The West Ox Road and Sunrise Valley Drive intersections with the parkway along with interchanges with the new portion of the parkway between Fullerton Road and Rolling Road at Boudinot Drive. Additions and improvements to the I-95 interchange with Fairfax County Parkway are currently under development as well. On February 16, 2012, the Fairfax County Parkway was designated SR 286. In June 2012, signage
2340-431: The basis of population, in conformance with federal and state laws and court cases, including those addressing racial fairness. The territory is to be contiguous and compact, without oddly shaped boundaries. The commission is prohibited from using political data or election results to favor either political party or incumbent. It passed with a two-thirds majority of 27 to 12 in the Senate, and was then referred to committee in
2405-454: The border of the suburbs of Waikiki and Warnbro in the City of Rockingham , Western Australia (at 32°19′29″S 115°46′01″E / 32.32486°S 115.76704°E / -32.32486; 115.76704 ). A tennis ball interchange resembles a dogbone interchange, with the difference being that right turning movements (in a country where traffic drives on the left ) cut through
2470-929: The cash award prizes were Thomas Mann of the Brookings Institution and Norman Ornstein of the American Enterprise Institute . In January 2015 Republican state senator Jill Holtzman Vogel of Winchester and Democratic state senator Louise Lucas of Portsmouth sponsored a Senate Joint Resolution to establish additional criteria for the Virginia Redistricting Commission of four identified members of political parties, and three other independent public officials. The criteria began with respecting existing political boundaries, such as cities and towns, counties and magisterial districts, election districts and voting precincts. Districts are to be established on
2535-412: The commonwealth. The House of Delegates is presided over by the speaker of the House , while the Senate is presided over by the lieutenant governor of Virginia . The House and Senate each elect a clerk and sergeant-at-arms . The Senate of Virginia's clerk is known as the clerk of the Senate (instead of as the secretary of the Senate , the title used by the U.S. Senate ). Following the 2019 election ,
2600-431: The event that the commission could not do so. The Supreme Court did so and approved newly drawn districts on December 28, 2021. While newly drawn districts will currently first be used in 2023, a federal lawsuit is pending that calls for an election to be held using newly drawn districts as immediately as November 2022. If the lawsuit was successful, it would have required all House districts, which just held elections under
2665-640: The existing Backlick Road ( SR 617 ), which continues north from the I-95 interchange and connects to the Franconia–Springfield Parkway (SR 289). During most of the parkway's life, the portion between Fullerton Road and SR 289 had not been constructed due to delay caused by environmental issues , including an oil spill along its path through the Fort Belvoir Proving Ground. Since approval in 2008, construction began in 2009 and
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2730-468: The freeway to save the third traffic signal phase. In a three-level diamond interchange , the cross street is built in a third level with free flowing traffic as a second arterial road . The intersection is split up into four intersections, handling just two conflicting directions each. Its two-level variant is the split diamond interchange. Its at-grade variant is the town center intersection (TCI). A single-leg continuous-flow intersection (CFI)
2795-502: The inside lanes instead of the outside. In urban areas this saves some space as well as requiring only one intersection instead of the two one-way intersections, which in rural or suburban areas can be turned into a single-point urban interchange . This in turn reduces waiting time for motorists at traffic lights on the smaller road, which may be a large local thoroughfare with heavy traffic. In Henrietta, New York , Jefferson Road ( NY-252 ) crosses West Henrietta Road ( NY-15 ) on
2860-403: The long left turn phases from the single-point urban interchange to the tight urban diamond interchange at 26°18′04″N 80°11′11″W / 26.301177°N 80.186479°W / 26.301177; -80.186479 . In a diverging diamond interchange ( DDI ) or ( DCD ), the two directions of traffic on the non-freeway road cross to the opposite side on both sides of the bridge at
2925-658: The new US 31 freeway under construction in northern Indiana. There are some hybrid interchanges of dumbbell and dogbone having one raindrop and one full roundabout. This is made when the roundabout intersects more roads than the cross street and ramps. Some examples are at exit 38 of the N7 road in Groningen , Netherlands (at 53°12′53″N 6°36′09″E / 53.21462°N 6.602509°E / 53.21462; 6.602509 ); and Ennis Avenue ( National Route 1 ) at Safety Bay Road ( State Route 18 / Tourist Drive 202 ) on
2990-489: The new portion was opened in late 2010. After merging with the Spur, there is in interchange with Hooes and Pohick Roads (SR 636/SR 641). Continuing northwest to the interchange with Ox Road ( SR 123 ), SR 286 is a surface road, built directly on the former Pohick Road. The parkway beyond Ox Road was built on a new alignment, and has a much smaller number of intersections. Just past Ox Road, SR 286 passes under Clara Barton Drive,
3055-401: The parkway north of Springfield. Construction has been delayed many times on the last segment, between Fullerton Road (just north of I-95) and Rolling Road (SR 638), which will allow traffic on the main part of the parkway to connect directly to the I-95 main lanes. Plans were made here in the late 1980s, and it was to be paid for by a developer who was to build a development on land bought from
3120-405: The previous districts in 2021, to hold back-to-back elections in 2022 and 2023 under the newly drawn districts. 37°32′20″N 77°26′01″W / 37.53889°N 77.43361°W / 37.53889; -77.43361 Diamond interchange A diamond interchange is a common type of road junction , used where a controlled-access highway crosses a minor road. The freeway itself
3185-442: The public. The Fairfax County Parkway and its branch to Franconia generally have interchanges at major roads, traffic signals at intermediate roads, and right-in/right-out (RIRO) intersections with minor roads and neighborhood streets. Along the main parkway (SR 286), there are 17 full or partial interchanges and 39 signals, with eleven of those signals at interchanges. In addition, there are many unsignalized intersections along
3250-752: The raindrop roundabouts from the ramps, reducing queueing and delays, compared with the dumbbell interchange. Direct U-turns are not possible, although the movement can be made by circulating around both raindrop roundabouts. An example of a dogbone interchange in the United States is located on Interstate 70 in Avon, Colorado , United States; more compact examples, which show less of the characteristic "dog bone" shape, are located along Keystone Parkway in Carmel, Indiana , United States. Several interchanges similar to those along Keystone Parkway are being built along
3315-470: The ramps do not meet the roundabouts at intersections; these more closely resemble bowtie intersections. One such interchange exists at the junction between the Ruta Interbalnearia and Route 35 North near La Floresta , Uruguay ( 34°44′58″S 55°40′39″W / 34.7495°S 55.6775°W / -34.7495; -55.6775 ). A variation of the dumbbell interchange, often called
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#17327980593703380-476: The road from Springfield to Herndon. However, until a new bridge opened in early September 2002, traffic on Pohick Road northbound (just east of Hooes Road) was required to turn right onto the parkway. The southernmost portion, from US 1 north across I-95 to Fullerton Road, mostly an upgrade of Backlick Road (SR 617), opened south of Telegraph Road (SR 611) by July 1997 and north of Telegraph Road later that year. The first part north of Sunset Hills Road (SR 675),
3445-676: The road to open were financed by developers building in the area: the Cavalier Land Development Corporation from a new interchange on Interstate 66 north to U.S. Route 50 , and the Hazel/Peterson Companies from Stringfellow Road north to Franklin Farm Road, both completed in 1987. On October 24, 1989, the gap from US 50 to Stringfellow Road was filled, and the road was extended from Franklin Farm Road north to West Ox Road (SR 608). It
3510-575: The road, but none of these are driveways , since the road is limited-access . The road generally has a speed limit of 50 mph (80 km/h). The south end of SR 286 begins at an intersection with US 1 at Accotink and heads northwest through Fort Belvoir , leaving the fort at a diamond interchange with Telegraph Road ( SR 611 ), crossing I-95 at a full cloverleaf (exit 166), crossing over Fullerton Road, passing through interchanges with Boudinot Drive and Barta Road, and turning west through West Springfield at Rolling Road. This portion replaced
3575-406: The road. Included in these 55 homes were five at the brand-new Innisfree subdivision in Springfield . Only months after families moved into the houses, located between SR 636 (Hooes Road) and the proposed highway, they were informed that their land would be needed for the interchange at SR 640 (Sydenstricker Road). Originally planned as an at-grade intersection, projections of increased traffic led to
3640-792: The roundabouts and also allows easy U-turns . This type of interchange is common in the United Kingdom and Ireland , and is becoming increasingly common in the United States . Examples of dumbbell interchanges in the United States are located on Interstate 35 in Medford , Minnesota, on Interstate 87 in Malta , New York, on Interstate 17 at Happy Valley Road north of Phoenix , Arizona, and on Interstate 80 at California State Route 89 (exit 185) in Truckee , California. An example in Canada
3705-471: The roundabouts like a regular diamond interchange instead of going around the roundabout. Such a design is found in Perth , Western Australia, between Roe Highway ( State Route 3 ) and Berkshire Road (at 31°58′10″S 116°00′04″E / 31.96945°S 116.00107°E / -31.96945; 116.00107 ). A tight diamond interchange ( TDI ), also known as a compressed diamond interchange or
3770-431: The south end of West Ox Road ( SR 608 ), and SR 286 crosses I-66 at exit 55, a cloverleaf . After passing over Fair Lakes Circle (SR 7701), there is a diamond interchange with Fair Lakes Parkway (SR 7700) and Monument Drive (SR 7969). The next interchange, at Lee Jackson Memorial Highway ( US 50 ), is a partial cloverleaf with two signals on SR 286. From US 50 to Franklin Farm Road, the parkway curves northwest to reach
3835-472: The time of a 1965 plan, it was to run through southern and western Fairfax County, crossing the Potomac River at Mason Neck and north of Great Falls , and passing generally west of State Route 123 (Ox Road) and east of SR 645 (Clifton Road, Stringfellow Road, and Lees Corner Road). The straight part of the Fairfax County Parkway between south of Franklin Farm Road and north of Baron Cameron Avenue
3900-552: The time of the election, residents of the district they represent, and qualified to vote for members of the General Assembly. Under the Constitution, "a senator or delegate who moves his residence from the district for which he is elected shall thereby vacate his office." The state constitution specifies that the General Assembly shall meet annually, and its regular session is a maximum of 60 days long in even-numbered years and 30 days long in odd-numbered years, unless extended by
3965-542: Was built in 2014 in San Marcos , Texas, at the intersection of Aquarena Springs Drive ( Loop 82 ), Interstate 35 's southbound frontage road and I-35's southbound-to-northbound Texas U-turn . A two-leg CFI, also in San Marcos, was built in 2015 at the intersection of Hopkins Street ( State Highway 80 ), I-35's frontage roads and I-35's Texas U-turns. In both intersections, the displaced left turn lanes merge with
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#17327980593704030-454: Was connected to the existing portion at I-66 on September 19. Two interchanges along this portion and the older one to the north – at US 50 and at US 29 – opened on December 14 and December 20 respectively. From SR 123 southeast to the beginning of the Franconia–Springfield Parkway, existing two-lane roads were widened, opening the road from SR 123 east to Lee Chapel Road (SR 643) by May 1996 and to Pohick Road (SR 641) on July 2, 1996, completing
4095-552: Was further extended north to a new interchange on the Dulles Toll Road (SR 267) on October 22, 1991, and north to Sunset Hills Road (SR 675) on July 7, 1993. The next pieces of the road to open were in the southwest, with an upgrade and bypass of Hooes Road (SR 636) from Pohick Road (SR 641) east to Rolling Road (SR 638) and the Franconia–Springfield Parkway opening by November 1993. The highway from Ox Road (SR 123) north to Braddock Road (SR 620) opened on July 28, 1995, and
4160-492: Was soon expanded, by 1978, to include most of what had been planned as the Outer Beltway. The Commonwealth Transportation Board approved final plans on July 16, 1987 for the 33-mile (53 km) road, with 16 interchanges and 35 traffic signals between U.S. Route 1 at Fort Belvoir and State Route 7 near Dranesville . A spur to Franconia was included, providing access to the Shirley Highway HOV lanes and
4225-595: Was updated to reflect the new designation with a mix of SR 286 and "old SR 7100" signs and reassurance markers. The entire parkway is in Fairfax County . Virginia General Assembly The Virginia General Assembly is the legislative body of the Commonwealth of Virginia , the oldest continuous law-making body in the Western Hemisphere , and the first elected legislative assembly in
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