74-469: [REDACTED] The prime minister of Sri Lanka , officially the prime minister of the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka is the most senior member of parliament in the cabinet of ministers . It is the second-most powerful position in Sri Lanka's executive branch behind the president , who is the constitutional chief executive . The Cabinet is collectively held accountable to parliament for their policies and actions. The powers and functions of
148-527: A Government , a political party or alliance usually requires a simple majority in Parliament. Since Bangladesh's independence, the prime minister has concurrently held the position of Leader of the House . The Parliament of Barbados is the legislative branch of the government of Barbados. It is a bicameral body, composed of an appointed Senate and an elected House of Assembly. The Senate (upper house),
222-583: A Member of Parliament refers to a member of the Parliament of Sri Lanka (since 1978), the National State Assembly (1972–78) and the House of Representatives of Ceylon (1947–72), the lower house of the Parliament of Ceylon . Members are elected in a general elections or appointed from the national lists allocated to parties (and independent groups) in proportion to their share of
296-506: A general election , usually held once every five years unless Parliament is dissolved sooner by the president on the advice of the prime minister . Under the Constitution of Bangladesh , an individual is required to be a citizen of Bangladesh and must have attained the age of 25 years in order to qualify for election to Parliament. The Parliament consists of 300 directly elected members from general seats elected by use of first past
370-694: A legal fiction allows voluntary resignation between elections; as MPs are forbidden from holding an " office of profit under the Crown", an MP wishing to resign will apply for the Stewardship of the Chiltern Hundreds or the Stewardship of the Manor of Northstead which are nominally such paid offices and thus result in the MP vacating their seat. (Accepting a salaried ministerial office does not amount to
444-674: A day later, and Wickremesinghe was appointed as acting president . On 20 July, Ranil Wickremesinghe was elected President of Sri Lanka by the Sri Lankan Parliament. Two days later, on 22 July, Wickremesinghe appointed Dinesh Gunawardena as the Prime Minister of Sri Lanka. Member of parliament A member of parliament ( MP ) is the representative in parliament of the people who live in their electoral district . Members of parliament typically form parliamentary groups , sometimes called caucuses , with members of
518-577: A first-past-the-post basis in single-seat constituencies. The Parliament of Canada consists of the monarch , the Senate and the House of Commons . Only members of the House of Commons are referred to as members of Parliament ( French : député ); members of the Senate are called Senators (French: sénateur ). There are currently 105 seats in the Senate and 338 in the House of Commons. Members of Parliament are elected, while senators are appointed by
592-406: A general election for a three-year term. There are 72 electorate MPs, of which seven are elected only by Māori who have chosen to be registered on a separate Māori electoral roll. The remaining members are elected by proportional representation from published party lists . Since 1907, members of the House of Representatives have been referred to as 'Member of Parliament', abbreviated MP. From
666-409: A member of Parliament. Members of Parliament are styled Yang Berhormat ("Honourable") with the initials Y.B. appended prenominally . A prince who is a member of Parliament is styled Yang Berhormat Mulia . The prime minister, deputy prime minister and Tuns who are members of Parliament are styled Yang Amat Berhormat ("Most Honourable"), abbreviated Y.A.B. The Parliament of Malta consists of
740-487: A paid office under the Crown for these purposes.) The House of Lords is a legislative chamber that is part of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. Although they are part of the parliament, its members are referred to as peers , more formally as Lords of Parliament , not MPs. Lords Temporal sit for life, Lords Spiritual while they occupy their ecclesiastical positions. Hereditary peers may no longer pass on
814-594: A parliament and other expert advisers on parliamentary procedure such as the Senate parliamentarian in the United States. The term is aMembers of parliament typically form parliamentary groups , sometimes called caucuses , with members of the same political party .lso used to the characteristic of performing the duties of a member of a legislature, for example: "The two party leaders often disagreed on issues, but both were excellent parliamentarians and cooperated to get many good things done." The Westminster system
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#1732772012499888-630: A police guard headed by a sub-inspector. This was supplemented by the Army's Field Security Detachment following the 1962 attempted coup d'état and during the 1971 JVP insurrection . Today, the Prime Minister's Security Division is in charge of security of the prime minister. In the Sri Lankan order of precedence , the prime minister is placed after the president , but before the Speaker of
962-416: A refuge for Sirima Bandaranaike when she was rushed there on the night of 4 April 1971 after an assassination plot was uncovered, to be carried out at her private residence at Rosmead Place, at the outset of the 1971 JVP Insurrection . Many cabinet ministers also took refuge at Temple Trees during the early days of the insurrection. It soon became the primary command center for all military operations against
1036-547: A seat in the House of Lords to their heir automatically. The 92 who remain have been elected from among their own number, following the House of Lords Act 1999 and are the only elected members of the Lords. Members of the National Assembly , the lower house of Parliament , are styled "members of Parliament", while members of the Senate , the upper house, are referred to as "senators". Member of Parliament can be
1110-619: Is a democratic parliamentary system of government modelled after the politics of the United Kingdom . This term comes from the Palace of Westminster , the seat of the Parliament of the United Kingdom . At the Commonwealth level, a "member of parliament" is a member of the House of Representatives , the lower house of the Commonwealth (federal) parliament . Members may use the postnominal "MP" after their names. "MHR" ("Member of
1184-678: Is a member of either of the two chambers of the Parliament of Austria ( Österreichisches Parlament ). The members of the Nationalrat are called Abgeordnete zum Nationalrat . The members of the Bundesrat , elected by the provincial diets ( Landtage ) of the nine federal States of Austria , are known as Mitglieder des Bundesrats . In Bulgaria there are 240 members of Parliament ( Bulgarian : Народно събрание / Парламент ; transliteration Narodno sabranie / Parlament), which are called 'Deputati' (singular Deputat). Moreover, there are 240 MPs in
1258-476: Is commonly used. In bicameral legislatures, members of the lower house ( legislative assembly or house of assembly ) also use the post-nominals "MLA" or "MHA" and members of the upper house ( legislative council ) use "MLC". MLCs are informally refer to as upper house MPs. The Parliament of the Bahamas is the bicameral national parliament of Commonwealth of the Bahamas. The parliament is formally made up by
1332-482: Is equal, then there is no election and the reserved seats are filled in accordance with the candidate lists prepared by parties. In the event there are more candidates than seat allocations, the 300 MPs elected from general seats vote through use of the single transferable vote system to determine the reserved seats. In reality, there has never been an election for reserved seats as parties have never nominated more candidates than they have been allocated. In order to form
1406-446: Is not subject to dissolution, and one third of the members retire every two years. Vacancies in both houses, whether because of death or resignation of a member, must be filled by using a bypoll within six months of the vacancy; the newly elected member then only serves the remainder of the term of the seat to which they are elected. The number of seats in both houses is regulated by the Constitution and parliamentary statutes . Since
1480-713: The 1962 Ceylonese coup d'état attempt by senior police and reservist military officers, Temple Trees was the principle target. The armoured cars stationed there were withdrawn to facilitate a swift take over by troops of the Ceylon Artillery . However the coup was thwarted by the Police CID and internal security detail of the Royal Ceylon Navy took up guard at Temple Trees. The coup leaders were later brought to Temple Trees for questioning and detained there until they were remanded . It once again became
1554-680: The Islamabad Capital Territory is represented by four senators. A member of the Senate of Pakistan (a senator) has a tenure of six years. Member of Parliament refers to elected members of the Parliament of Singapore , the appointed Non-constituency Member of Parliament from the opposition, as well as the Nominated Members of Parliament , who may be appointed from members of the public who have no connection to any political party in Singapore. In Sri Lanka ,
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#17327720124991628-552: The Presidential Secretariat , the President's official residence and set fire to prime minister Ranil Wickremesinghe personal residence . This would lead to president Gotabaya Rajapaksa's evacuation from Sri Lanka on 13 July 2022, and in his absence, appointed prime minister Ranil Wickremesinghe as acting president under Article 37 (1) of Sri Lanka's constitution during his absence. Rajapaksa formally resigned
1702-604: The Prime Minister's Lodge as a vacationing residence in the holiday-town of Nuwara Eliya . The Prime Minister's Office is located in the Sirimathipaya on Sir Ernest de Silva Mawatha (formerly known as Flower Road) in Colombo. In recent years, Temple Trees has also been used by some presidents of Sri Lanka, such as Kumaratunga and Rajapaksa , while some prime ministers such as Wickremesinghe have chosen to stay at their own personal residences. For ground travel,
1776-590: The Sri Lanka Police . After the establishment of the office of Prime Minister in 1948, a sub inspector of the Ceylon Police Force had been assigned for personal protection of the prime minister, until S. W. R. D. Bandaranaike dismissed his personal protection officer. During Bandaranaike's assassination , only a lone police constable stood guard at the entrance of his residence. Following the assassination, successive prime ministers received
1850-663: The Yang di-Pertuan Agong (King) and two houses, the Dewan Rakyat (the House of Representatives ) and Dewan Negara (the Senate ). The term "members of Parliament" only refers to members of the Dewan Rakyat . In Malay , a member of Parliament is called Ahli Parlimen , or less formally wakil rakyat (people's representative). Members of Parliament are elected from population-based single-seat constituencies using first-past-the-post voting . The prime minister must be
1924-444: The counties and 12 members are nominated representatives. Kenya also has 47 elected senators from 47 counties; who sit in the Senate parliament. The senators oversee the counties, which are run by governors- also democratically elected. There are also members of county assembly. They are elected from each ward, and seat in county assemblies to oversee and make laws for their respective counties. The Parliament of Malaysia consists of
1998-545: The governor general on behalf of the sovereign at the direction of the prime minister . Retirement is mandatory for senators upon reaching the age of 75 years. Each province (and territory) has its own legislature, with each member usually known as a Member of the Legislative Assembly (MLA). In certain provinces, legislators carry other titles: Member of Provincial Parliament (MPP) in Ontario , Member of
2072-546: The 1860s until 1907 they were designated as 'Member of the House of Representatives', abbreviated 'MHR'. Between the first general election, in 1853 , and the 1860s, the designation was "Member of the General Assembly", abbreviated MGA. Before 1951, New Zealand had an upper house, the Legislative Council , whose members were appointed. A member of Parliament is a member of either of the two houses of
2146-767: The Dáil", and addressed as "Teachta" (Deputy), while a Member of the Seanad is known and addressed as Seanadóir (Senator). These titles are used much more commonly in English than the official Irish. A member of Parliament was the term used to refer to a member of the pre-1801 Irish House of Commons of the Parliament of Ireland . Irish members elected to the House of Commons of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland were also called members of Parliament from 1801 to 1922. Northern Ireland continues to elect MPs to
2220-408: The House of Representatives (Privileges and Powers) Ordinance. The Parliament of Nauru consists of 18 seats. Members of Parliament are entitled to use the prefix The Honourable . The New Zealand Parliament is made up of the monarch and the unicameral House of Representatives . A member of Parliament is a member of the House of Representatives, which has a minimum of 120 members, elected at
2294-574: The House of Representatives") was not used, which was affirmed by cabinet in 1901 and reaffirmed in 1951 and 1965. However, the prohibition of "MHR" does not appear to have been strictly enforced, as it was used most recently by Tony Abbott when he was in the parliament (1994–2019). A member of the upper house of the Commonwealth Parliament, the Senate , is known as a "Senator". In the Australian states and territories , "MP"
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2368-611: The National Assembly (MNA) in Quebec ( French : député ) and Member of the House of Assembly (MHA) in Newfoundland and Labrador . The provincial upper houses were eliminated between 1876 ( Manitoba ) and 1968 (Quebec). In Gibraltar, members of parliament serve in the unicameral Gibraltar Parliament . There are 17 seats in the Parliament, to which candidates are elected by block voting . Each candidate represents
2442-719: The National Assembly . Parliamentary elections are traditionally held every five years with no term limits imposed. The 25 provinces of Cambodia are represented by the members of Parliament in the National Assembly. A constituency may have more than one MP, depending on the population. Temple Trees Temple Trees is the official residence of the Prime Minister of Sri Lanka . It is located in Colombo , Sri Lanka . Several recent Presidents have used it as their official residence as well. The history of Temple Trees dates back to early 19th century. Its ownership passed through several prominent British administrators and traders. It
2516-548: The Pakistani Parliament: the National Assembly of Pakistan and Senate of Pakistan . The National Assembly of Pakistan has a total of 342 members, of whom 272 are directly elected, and 70 seats are reserved for women and minorities. A member of the National Assembly of Pakistan (MNA) has a tenure of five years. On the other hand, there are 104 members of the Senate of Pakistan, in which all four provinces are represented by 23 senators regardless of population, while
2590-658: The Parliament . The post of Prime Minister of Ceylon was created in 1947 replacing the colonial post of Chief Secretary of Ceylon , as Ceylon gained self-rule with the formation of the Dominion of Ceylon under the recommendations of the Soulbury Commission under the Ceylon Independence Act, 1947 and The Ceylon (Constitution and Independence) Orders in Council 1947 . The D. S. Senanayake ,
2664-410: The Parliament of the United Kingdom. The Parliament of Jamaica is the legislative branch of the government of Jamaica. It is a bicameral body, composed of an appointed Senate and an elected House of Representatives. The Senate (upper house), the direct successor of a pre-Independence body known as the "Legislative Council"—comprises 21 senators appointed by the governor-general: thirteen on the advice of
2738-400: The Prime Minister has changed several times since the creation of the office in 1947. Harini Amarasuriya is the 16th and current prime minister of Sri Lanka, serving since 24 September 2024. The president will appoint a member of parliament as prime minister, who, in the president's opinion, "is most likely to command the confidence of Parliament". The prime minister holds office throughout
2812-874: The Prime Ministers of that party used Visumpaya . The first Prime Minister from the Sri Lanka Podujana Peramuna , Mahinda Rajapaksha has taken up use of Temple Trees, while retaining his former official residence at Wijerama which was allocated to him as a former President. On 9 July 2022, a large number of protesters demanding the President Gotabaya Rajapaksa and the Prime Minister Ranil Wickremasinghe to resign, entered and sacked Temple Trees, refusing to leave until their resignations. On 14 July protesters peacefully withdrew from
2886-417: The absence of an opposition leader in parliament (i.e. in the case of a landslide victory where one party takes all 30 seats in the House of Assembly, as occurred in 2018 and 2022) the president will then appoint the remaining two senators in the opposition's stead allowing for 9 independents instead. The House of Assembly (lower house) is made up of 30 members of Parliament, elected to five-year terms on
2960-573: The country, which led to the island nation's worst economic crisis since independence. Protesters blamed the Rajapaksa family , one which had been dominating Sri Lankan politics for decades, for the economic instability of Sri Lanka. On 9 May 2022, prime minister Mahinda Rajapaksa submitted his letter of resignation amidst the protests. Three days later, on 12 May 2022, president Gotabaya Rajapaksa appointed veteran politician Ranil Wickremesinghe as prime minister. On 9 July 2022, protestors stormed
3034-486: The creation of legislation. Elections to Dáil Éireann are held at least every five years using the single transferable vote; while elections to Seanad Éireann are restricted to members of both houses, elected members of local authorities, and alumni of National University of Ireland colleges. Eleven senators are nominated directly by the Taoiseach . A Member of Dáil Éireann is known as a Teachta Dála (TD) or "Deputy to
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3108-531: The day on which it first met." ( Dissolution and Calling of Parliament Act 2022 ). A candidate to become an MP must be a British or Irish or Commonwealth citizen, be at least 18 years of age (reduced from 21 in 2006), and not be a public official or officeholder, as set out in the schedule to the Electoral Administration Act 2006 . Technically, MPs have no right to resign their seats (though they may refuse to seek re-election). However
3182-745: The direct successor of a pre-Independence body known as the "Legislative Council"—comprises 21 senators appointed by the president. The President appoints 12 Senators on the advice of the Prime Minister and two on the advice of the Leader of the Opposition.The remaining seven Senators are nominated by the President at their discretion (that is, the President is not bound by other political leaders' advice in these appointments) to represent various religious, social, economic, or other interests in Barbados. In
3256-476: The dismissal stating that it was unconstitutional, resulting in a constitutional crisis . On 3 December 2018, a court issued an interim order preventing Mahinda Rajapaksha from functioning in the position. On 16 December 2018, Ranil Wickremesinghe was re-appointed as Prime Minister, ending the crisis. In March 2022, anti-government protests erupted in Sri Lanka in retaliation to the economic mismanagement of
3330-400: The elected House of Representatives, which has 41 members elected for a five-year term in single-seat constituencies, and the Senate which has 31 members appointed by the president: 16 government senators appointed on the advice of the prime minister, 6 opposition senators appointed on the advice of the leader of the opposition and 9 independent senators appointed by
3404-628: The formation of the Irish Free State in 1922 and subsequently in the Republic of Ireland , the legislature of Ireland is known as the Oireachtas , and consists of the president; the upper house, Seanad Éireann (or Senate); and lower house, Dáil Éireann (Assembly, or House of Representatives). They are functionally similar to other bicameral parliaments, with the lower house being significantly more influential and having more power over
3478-585: The greatest number of representatives in both houses. The person which secures the support of more than half the seats in the Lok Sabha forms the Government . To form the government, parties may form a coalition. The term of a member of the Rajya Sabha is six years, while Lok Sabha members are elected for a term of five years, unless the house is dissolved sooner. Rajya Sabha is a permanent house that
3552-485: The insurrection. Since the 1970s, Temple Trees has been declared a high security zone with many roads around the mansion and its grounds closed off due to the Sri Lankan Civil War and the 2022 Sri Lankan protests . Temple Trees has been the official residence of all United National Party Prime Ministers of Sri Lanka. After 1994, Sri Lanka Freedom Party Presidents used this house as their residence and
3626-487: The leader of the newly formed United National Party became the first Prime Minister. Carrying forward the scope of the former Chief Secretary, the Prime Minister retained the portfolios of External Affairs and Defence as the Minister of External Affairs and Defence . In 1972, when Sri Lanka became a republic the name of the post changed to Prime Minister of Sri Lanka. With a Westminster -based political system established
3700-607: The monarch (represented by the governor-general), an appointed Senate, and an elected House of Assembly. It currently sits at Nassau, the national capital. The structure, functions, and procedures of the parliament are based on the Westminster system. In Bangladesh , a member of parliament is an individual who serves in the unicameral Jatiya Sangsad or House of the Nation. Members of the Jatiya Sangsad are elected at
3774-416: The national vote at a general election. A candidate to become an MP must be a Sri Lankan citizen and can be a holder of dual-citizenship in any other country, be at least 18 years of age, and not be a public official or officeholder. The Parliament of Trinidad and Tobago is the legislative branch of the government of Trinidad and Tobago. The Parliament is bicameral. It consists of
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#17327720124993848-550: The normal parliament and 400 in the "Great Parliament". The Great Parliament is elected when a new constitution is needed. There have been seven Great Parliaments in modern Bulgarian history , in 1879, 1881, 1886, 1893, 1911, 1946 and 1990. MPs in Bulgaria are called депутати ( deputies) . The member of parliament ( Khmer : សមាជិកសភា ) refers to the elected members of the National Assembly . There are 125 members of parliament in total. They are also alternatively called member of
3922-499: The occurrence of such vacancy and the assumption of office by the new president and shall appoint one of the other ministers of the Cabinet to act in the office of Prime Minister". In such a situation, if the office of Prime Minister is vacant or the prime minister is unable to act, the Speaker of the Parliament shall act in the office of President instead. The president may appoint the prime minister to exercise, perform and discharge
3996-454: The official Prime Ministerial residence. Some Prime Ministers, since then have preferred to stay at their private homes and only use Temple Trees for official functions. Such as S. W. R. D. Bandaranaike , who was assassinated while at his private residence at Rosmead Place, and Ranil Wickramasinghe who use his private house in 117, 5th Lane, Colombo 03. Temple Trees has taken centre stage in many episodes of modern Sri Lankan history. During
4070-643: The period during which the cabinet of ministers continues to function under the provisions of the constitution, unless the prime minister resigns from the post or ceases to be a member of parliament. Under the Soulbury Constitution , the post of Prime Minister was created in 1947 as the head of government of Ceylon in the Westminster system . In 1978, under the second amendment to the Republican Constitution of 1972 , much of
4144-402: The position. With the passing of the 19th amendment to the constitution in 2015, the prime minister was granted more powers when appointing ministers and leading the cabinet. On 26 October 2018, former president Mahinda Rajapaksa was appointed as the prime minister by president Maithripala Sirisena , dismissing incumbent prime minister Ranil Wickremesinghe . Wickremesinghe refused to accept
4218-484: The post who represent single-constituencies, while 50 seats are reserved exclusively for women and are allocated on a proportional basis . After an election, the Election Commission allocates reserved seats to parties based on the number of general seats they won. A party then presents a list of candidates, each requiring a presenter and a seconder. If the number of candidates presented and seats allocated
4292-429: The powers of the premiership were transferred to the executive presidency as head of government and head of the cabinet of ministers in addition to being the head of state . As a result, the prime minister became a both senior member in the cabinet of ministers and a successor to the president. The prime minister would serve as the deputy to the president if both are from the same political party. On certain occasions, when
4366-406: The powers, duties and functions of the office of President for a period during the president is unable to exercise, perform and discharge the powers, duties and functions of his office due to illness, absence from Sri Lanka or any other cause. The official residence of the prime minister is the Prime Minister's House most commonly referred to as Temple Trees . The prime minister has the use of
4440-580: The president as a member of the cabinet of ministers. In the event that the office of the president is vacant, the prime minister becomes the acting president until Parliament convenes to elect a successor or new elections would be held to elect a new president. This was the case with H.E. President Dingiri Banda Wijetunge . UNP leader Ranil Wickremesinghe has served as prime minister on six occasions, while former UNP leader Dudley Senanayake and former Sri Lanka Freedom Party leader Sirimavo Bandaranaike were each appointed respectively four and three times to
4514-429: The president is not from the majority party in parliament or a national government is formed, the prime minister would be appointed from a party different from the president's. In such a situation, the prime minister would serve as the de facto head of government. In 2015, the nineteenth amendment restored a certain degree of powers to the premiership. The prime minister is the second in the order of precedence after
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#17327720124994588-522: The president of Malta and the House of Representatives of 69 members (article 51 of the Constitution), referred to as "members of Parliament" (article 52(1) of the Constitution). When appointed from outside the House, the speaker is also considered a member of the Parliament. The Constitution lists the qualifications and disqualifications from serving as a member of Parliament. Privileges of members of Parliament and their Code of Ethics are laid out in
4662-461: The president to represent other sectors of civil society. The United Kingdom elects members of its parliament: and four devolved legislatures: MPs are elected in general elections and by-elections to represent constituencies , and may remain MPs until Parliament is dissolved. "If it has not been dissolved earlier, a Parliament dissolves at the beginning of the day that is the fifth anniversary of
4736-414: The president. The prime minister would be a member of the constitutional council , national security council and the most senior member of the cabinet of ministers. By the constitution, the prime minister holds formal power to advise the president on: As per the constitution, if the office of president becomes vacant, the prime minister would " act in the office of President during the period between
4810-407: The prime minister and eight on the advice of the leader of the opposition. The House of Representatives, the lower house, is made up of 63 (previously 60) members of Parliament, elected to five-year terms on a first-past-the-post basis in single-seat constituencies. The National Assembly of Kenya has a total of 349 seats; 205 members are elected from the constituencies , 47 women are elected from
4884-590: The prime minister uses the prime ministerial car , which is an armored black Mercedes-Benz S-Class (S600) Pullman Guard. For domestic air travel, helicopters from the No. 4 (VVIP/VIP) Helicopter Squadron of the Sri Lanka Air Force are used while for long-distance travel, regular flights of the SriLankan Airlines are used. Traditionally, security for the prime minister has been provided by
4958-410: The prime minister was the head of government and therefore held the most powerful political office of the country at the time. This changed with a constitutional change in 1978, when the executive presidency was created, making the president both head of state and head of government . Until 1978, the prime minister was also the minister of defence and external affairs. The prime minister is appointed by
5032-461: The same political party . Many countries with bicameral parliaments, this term refers only to members of the lower house since upper house members often have a different title. The terms congressman / congresswoman or deputy are equivalent terms used in other jurisdictions. The term parliamentarian is also sometimes used for members of parliament, but this may also be used to refer to unelected government officials with specific roles in
5106-492: The state legislatures and 9 belongs to the union territories of Delhi , Puducherry , and Jammu and Kashmir , and are elected by using the single transferable vote method of proportional representation . The remaining 12 members are nominated by the president for their contributions to art, literature, science, and social services. Each state has a fixed number of representatives allocated in each chamber, in order of their respective populations. The state of Uttar Pradesh has
5180-580: The takeover of the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan in August 2021, a member of parliament (MP) was a member of the lower house of the bicameral National Assembly of Afghanistan : a member of the Wolesi Jirga (House of People) held one of the in total 250 seats in the lower house. The 102 members of the upper house Meshrano Jirga (House of Elders) were called Senators. A member of Parliament
5254-470: The term (often a translation) for representatives in parliamentary democracies that do not follow the Westminster system and who are usually referred to in a different fashion, such as deputé in France, deputato in Italy, deputat in Bulgaria, parlamentario or diputado in Spain and Spanish-speaking Latin America, deputado in Portugal and Brazil, and Mitglied des Bundestages (MdB) in Germany. However, better translations are often possible. Prior to
5328-567: The whole of Gibraltar as their constituency. A member of Parliament is a member of either of the two houses of the Indian Parliament : Lok Sabha (lower house) and Rajya Sabha (upper house). Lok Sabha has 543 seats, all of whom are directly elected by the citizens of India from each parliamentary constituency of states and union territories via first-past-the-post voting . Rajya Sabha can have 245 members, of which 238 members are indirectly elected. Of these 238 members, 229 belong to
5402-754: Was owned between 1830 and 1834 by John Walbeoff of the British Civil Service , who headed the Cinnamon Department of Ceylon. Christopher Elliott M.D.the Principal Medical Officer in Ceylon bought the house in 1848. He was also the proprietor and editor of the 'Colombo Observer'. During the Matale Rebellion it was the focal point for the public campaign against the excesses of Governor Torrington. In 1856 it
5476-705: Was sold to John Philip Green who named it "Temple Trees" in 1856 after the temple trees that grew around the bungalow . The house was purchased by the British Government of Ceylon and became the residence of the Colonial Secretary and thereafter the Chief Secretary . With Ceylon gaining self-rule with the enactment of the new constitution, D. S. Senanayake was appointed the first Prime Minister of Ceylon on 24 September 1947. Senanayake took up residence at Temple Trees making it
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