83-469: Saint Austell ( / ˈ ɒ s t əl / , / ˈ ɔː -/ ; Standard Written Form : Sans Austel ) is a town in Cornwall , England, United Kingdom, 10 miles (16 km) south of Bodmin and 30 miles (48 km) west of the border with Devon . At the 2021 census it had a population of 20,900. St Austell was a village centred around the parish church, until the arrival of significant tin mining in
166-523: A variant graph by RLC when i is diphthongised to [əɪ] in stressed open syllables. ^3 Used in hiatus. ^4 A few monosyllables may keep the more conservative pronunciation [ʊɪ] in RLC, e.g. Cornish : moy [mʊɪ] "more", Cornish : oy [ʊɪ] "egg". ^5 Given as [yʊ] in the original Specification but as [ʏʊ] in the updated online dictionary. ^6 The variant graph ew may be used instead of yw to represent
249-693: A , l , o , r and u Odeon Cinemas Odeon Cinemas Limited , trading as Odeon (stylised in all caps ), is a cinema brand name operating in the United Kingdom, Ireland, Norway and Greece, which along with UCI Cinemas and Nordic Cinema Group is part of the Odeon Cinemas Group subsidiary of AMC Theatres . It uses the famous name of the Odeon cinema circuit first introduced in Great Britain in 1930. As of 2016, Odeon
332-536: A boycott of Tim Burton 's Alice in Wonderland at its cinemas in the UK, Ireland and Italy , over a plan by Disney to show the film for a shorter period to allow it to release the film on DVD earlier. Following individual negotiations with Disney ; Odeon, Cineworld and Vue reached agreements. On 24 August 2012, a customer named Matt Pledger posted a complaint on Odeon's Facebook wall about his experience with
415-429: A church was dedicated on 9 October 1262 by Bishop Bronescombe , and other records show a church there in 1169, dedicated to "Sanctus Austolus". The current church dates from the 13th–14th centuries, and was extended in 1498–99. The join between the two sections is still visible. In the time of Henry VIII , St Austell is described as a poor village. In John Leland 's Itinerary he says, in around 1542, " At S. Austelles
498-637: A cinema in New York City. Odeon eventually operated a wholly owned Canadian subsidiary, Odeon Theatres (Canada) Ltd., with more than a hundred cinemas in Canada, coast-to-coast. The head office of Odeon Theatres of Canada was in Toronto , and later, the north Toronto suburb of Willowdale . This business was sold in 1978 to the Canadian Theatres chain and became Canadian Odeon Theatres, then
581-538: A community based station which broadcast from the town on 105.6 FM. The town is served by the local newspaper, St Austell Voice. St Austell railway station was opened by the Cornwall Railway on 4 May 1859 on the hillside above the town centre. Two branch lines west of the town were later opened to serve the china clay industry; the Newquay and Cornwall Junction Railway which is still partly open, and
664-750: A couple of years of the latter's closure. Even so, the Gaumont name continued to linger until, in January 1987, the last Gaumont, in Doncaster, was renamed Odeon. A smaller number of Odeon cinemas opened in the post-war years (Odeon Marble Arch and Odeon Elephant & Castle being notable instances), but many single-screen cinemas either closed, sub-divided into smaller screens or were converted into other uses, such as bingo. In 1965, Odeon opened their first multiplex converting their site in Nottingham into
747-700: A double consonant or a consonant cluster, e.g. Cornish : ass RMC [as] , RLC [æs] "how"; Cornish : hons RMC [hɔns] , RLC [hɔnz] "yonder". Exceptions are that long vowels precede st , e.g. Cornish : lost RMC & RLC [lɔːst] "tail", and also sk and sp in RMC, e.g. Cornish : Pask [paːsk] "Easter". Stressed vowels in polysyllables are short except in the case of conservative RMC speakers, who may pronounce vowels long before single consonants and st (and, for some, sk and sp ), e.g. Cornish : gwagen RMC [gwa(ː)gɛn] , RLC [gwægɐn] "a blank". ^1 May be reduced to [ɐ] when unstressed, which
830-415: A monthly fee. Odeon offers premium services for customers who are 18 years or older. It provides a fine dining experience and was formerly a gallery offering (this has since closed in all locations), offering a premium service, at six locations. In 2008, Odeon made a controversial move by refusing to screen Rambo on any of its UK screens, blaming it on "commercial differences". In 2010 Odeon proposed
913-486: A professional photographer, to photograph every cinema in the Odeon chain at that time. The resulting collection, of internal and external photographs, is held in the public archive of English Heritage and can be seen online. 13 more Odeon cinemas opened in 1935. The same year, United Artists took a stake in the company for a nominal sum plus the supply of its films to the chain. UA eventually owned 50% of Odeon Cinema Holdings. In 1936, 35 more Odeons opened and in 1937,
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#1732772906028996-450: A single different sound in RLC, the SWF uses what it terms umbrella graphs . Where an umbrella graph is considered unworkable, variant graphs may be used to spell a word. The SWF does not stipulate that either only RMC or RLC variant graphs must be used, for instance, a typical TC speaker will choose the letters that best reflect their own pronunciation. A third set of alternative letters
1079-580: A taxi rank and buffet with the adjoining railway station which is operated by Great Western Railway , a sister company to the main local bus operator. Local services are provided by Go Cornwall and Kernow . Long-distance coach services are part of the National Express Coaches network. The Great Western Railway started to operate what they called ' road motors ' from outside their railway station on 3 August 1908. These first services ran to St Columb Road via St Dennis . A bus garage
1162-576: A telephone booking service in 2014. They run their own Guest Service Centre, based in Stoke-on-Trent, sharing the building with the cinema, but operating separately. The company has a support office in Manchester and a smaller office in London. "Limitless" is a nationwide scheme, which, on a twelve-month contract basis, allows members to see regular (not 3D) screenings as often as they want for
1245-702: A twin-screened cinema. In 1989, they built their first multiplex with an 8-screen site in Stoke-on-Trent . In 1944, Rank acquired a 50% interest in a Canadian chain and built Odeon cinemas there. It partnered with Hoyts in Australia in 1945 and bought chains in Ireland, New Zealand and South Africa in 1946. By 1956, Rank Odeon had expanded to the West Indies , British Malaya and Ceylon and had an interest in 585 cinemas overseas. In 1957, they opened
1328-427: A whole leans toward a Middle Cornish base, since in many cases the correct RLC or TC pronunciation can be deduced from an RMC form, but not vice versa". Unstressed vowels are always short. Stressed vowels in monosyllables are long when followed by a single consonant or by nothing, e.g. Cornish : gwag RMC [gwaːg] , RLC [gwæːg] "empty", Cornish : lo RMC [lɔː] , RLC [loː] "spoon", and short when followed by
1411-552: Is a local radio station which broadcasts from studios at Tregorrick Park. It launched in January 2008 to cover the area from Trewoon in the west to Tywardreath in the east. Notable Cornish architect Silvanus Trevail designed a number of St Austell's buildings and houses, including the Thin End and the Moorland Road terrace . Other notable architects from St Austell include John Goode, who contributed considerably during
1494-483: Is based at John Keay House, which is also home to the college group's headquarters. There are a number of primary schools within the town. St Austell has its own hospital, St Austell Community Hospital , formerly called Penrice Hospital. The church was originally dedicated to St Austol , a Breton saint associated with St Meven, but is now dedicated to the Holy Trinity . By 1150 it had been appropriated to
1577-427: Is given as [ə] in the original Specification but as [ɐ] in the updated online dictionary. ^2 Unrounded to [ɛ] when unstressed. ^3 Given as [œ] in the original Specification but as [øː] in the updated online dictionary. ^4 Often realised as [əɪ] in RLC in stressed open syllables, in which case it is written with the variant graph ei . ^5 Can either represent [ɔ] ,
1660-530: Is increasingly important to St Austell's economy. Tourists are drawn to the area by nearby beaches and tourist attractions such as the Eden Project , sited in a former clay pit , and the Lost Gardens of Heligan . The China Clay Country Park , in a former china-clay pit two miles (3 km) north of the town, tells the story of the men, women and children who lived, worked and played in the shadow of
1743-475: Is not shown in writing. As an example, Cornish : Penn Sans has been transliterated into English as Penzance reflecting pronunciation. At times, the various varieties of revived Cornish differ in their pronunciation of sounds. A number of strategies are employed in the Standard Written Form to deal with these differences and make the system usable for all. When a RMC sound is consistently
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#17327729060281826-452: Is nothing notable but the paroch chirch ". Neither travel writer, John Norden (c. 1547 – 1625) or Richard Carew (1555–1620) in his Survey of Cornwall mentioned St Austell as a place of any consequence. Oliver Cromwell granted a charter to hold a market on Friday, as a reward to a local gentleman who fought for him at the battle of Boconnoc . The village started to grow in the 18th century. The nearby Polgooth mine became known as
1909-553: Is now known as Event Cinemas . Since the turn of the century, Odeon has undergone a series of sales after the Rank Group needed cash injections to reduce their debt, firstly to Cinven in February 2000 for £280 million which merged Odeon, with 75 cinemas at the time, with Cinven's ABC Cinemas , which comprised 60 cinemas. In 2004, the chain was purchased by Terra Firma and merged with United Cinemas International to produce
1992-508: Is reflected in spelling, e.g. TC Cornish : menedh [ˈmɛnɐθ] , RLC Cornish : mena [ˈmɛnɐ] "mountain". ^4 [v] often occurs morpheme-initially before vowels. The mutation of [f] to [v] found in some varieties of Cornish is not shown in writing. ^5 A few words spelt with mm and nn lack pre-occlusion in RLC. These include words thought to have entered the language after pre-occlusion occurred, e.g. Cornish : gramm "gramme", and words that fell out of use by
2075-457: Is run by a small group of non-affiliated volunteers . The St Austell and Clay Country Eco-town is a plan for several new settlements around St Austell on old Imerys sites. It was given outline government approval in July 2009. The Cornwall Council strategic planning committee voted in July 2011 to approve a £250 million beach resort scheme at Carlyon Bay , St Austell. The development
2158-538: Is the traditional graphs . As the name implies, these spellings are closer to those traditionally employed by Cornish writers, and so are preferred by some Cornish speakers today. Although traditional graphs are considered correct and may be used freely by individuals, they are unlike variant graphs in that they do not have equal standing with standard graphs and "will not appear in elementary language textbooks or in official documents produced by public bodies". ^1 When unstressed and word final ^2 Before
2241-561: Is the largest cinema chain in the United Kingdom by market share (although the Irish cinemas were also included within this figure). The first Odeon cinema was opened by Oscar Deutsch in 1928, in Brierley Hill , Staffordshire (now West Midlands ), England, although initially called "Picture House". The first cinema to use the Odeon brand name was Deutsch's cinema at Perry Barr , Birmingham in 1930. The brand's flagship cinema,
2324-739: The A391 from Bodmin , or by the A3058 from Newquay . In addition there are the B3273 to Mevagissey, the B3274 to Padstow and the A3082 to Fowey. St Austell bus station is the main bus and coach terminus for the town. The bus station is located in the forecourt of the railway station , formerly a railway goods yard. The bus station was redeveloped again in 2008, the new facility being opened on 3 November. It now comprises seven stands and shares facilities such as
2407-783: The COVID-19 pandemic . On 11 December 2020, Odeon revealed they were losing $ 125 million a month due to the closure, and that the emergency funds that had been provided were running out. On 5 May 2023, Odeon announced the closure on 5 June of five sites, including two of the dwindling number of original Odeons, Ayr and Weston-Super-Mare and also the 1998 10-screen multiplex in Blackpool. There remain six "Oscar Deutsch" Odeons in operation:- Bristol (totally rebuilt internally), Exeter, Harrogate , London Leicester Square, Swiss Cottage and Worcester. They also ran their own advertising company, called Rank Screen Advertising , in competition with
2490-514: The Cornish language is an orthography standard that is designed to "provide public bodies and the educational system with a universally acceptable, inclusive, and neutral orthography". It was the outcome of a process initiated by the creation of the public body Cornish Language Partnership , which identified a need to agree on a single standard orthography in order to end previous orthographical disagreements, secure government funding, and increase
2573-753: The Diocese of Truro was established. A new rural deanery of St Austell was established in 1875. The style of worship of the parish church is in the Evangelical tradition of the Church of England . The two chapels-of-ease are All Saints, Pentewan , and St Levan's, Higher Porthpean . In the 19th century the following parishes were created out of St Austell parish: St Blazey (1845); Charlestown (1846), Treverbyn (1847) and Par (1846 out of St Blazey and Tywardreath). Standard Written Form The Standard Written Form or SWF ( Cornish : Furv Skrifys Savonek ) of
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2656-606: The Odeon Leicester Square opened in Leicester Square, London , which became the chain's flagship cinema. Another 35 Odeons also opened in 1937, with the chain concentrating on bigger cities. They also took over County Cinemas and George Singleton Cinemas in Scotland. Odeon Theatres Limited was formed to consolidate the chain of 250 cinemas into one public company. In 1938, Deutsch sold an interest in
2739-602: The Odeon, Leicester Square in London , opened in 1937. Odeon then became part of the Rank Organisation who continued their ownership of the circuit for a further sixty years. Through a number of sales and acquisitions in the early 2000s the company was purchased by Terra Firma , which merged Odeon and UCI Cinemas to form Odeon UCI Cinemas Group. Most UCI cinemas then took the Odeon brand name in 2006. Terra Firma/UCI sold
2822-593: The Priory of Tywardreath by the Cardinhams : this continued until 1535. There was originally a Norman church here, of which some remains may be seen. The present church is of the 15th century and is large because the mediaeval parish was also a large one: the tower is impressive. All four outside walls bear sculptural groups in carved niches: the Twelve Apostles in three groups on the north, east and south;
2905-486: The Second World War and, having been a bingo hall, has since been converted into a conference venue. In 1932, Deutsch acquired more sites and planned the construction of a chain of cinemas; commissioning Weedon to design his future buildings, with five opening in 1933. Each Odeon cinema had a character different from most other cinemas in the UK, often having a unique and spectacular interior. George Coles
2988-436: The depression in the local metal mining industry, and increased the population of the town considerably. This meant that more shops and businesses took root, providing more jobs and improving trade. This, along with other factors, led to St Austell becoming one of the ten most important commercial centres of Cornwall. The town was a noted centre of Methodism . By 1839 The West Briton recorded 37 non-conformist chapels in
3071-514: The unitary authority created as part of the 2009 structural changes to local government in England . The six former Districts and the former Cornwall County Council were abolished and replaced by Cornwall Council on 1 April 2009. Also on 1 April 2009, four new parishes were created for the St Austell area. They are: Before this date the area had been an unparished area . St Austell is
3154-539: The 18th century turned it into a town. St Austell is named after the 6th-century Cornish saint, St Austol , a disciple of St Mewan. In a Vatican manuscript there is a 10th-century list of Cornish parish saints. This includes Austoll, which means that the church and village existed at that time, shortly after 900. St Austell is not mentioned in Domesday Book (1086). However, A. L. Rowse , in his book St. Austell: Church, Town, and Parish , cites records which show
3237-493: The 1920s, and the word is actually Ancient Greek ᾨδεῖον, Ōideion, meaning "a place for singing". The word " Nickelodeon " was coined in 1888 and was widely used to describe small cinemas in the United States starting from 1905. The first cinema opened by Deutsch was located in Brierley Hill , Staffordshire , England in 1928. The building has long since been demolished, but as of 2006, the former UCI cinema (built in
3320-467: The 1970s to residential developments in the area. Pevsner remarks in his guide to Cornwall that the following buildings are notable: Local TV coverage is provided by BBC South West and ITV West Country . Television signals are received from the Caradon Hill and local relay TV transmitters. Local radio stations are BBC Radio Cornwall on 95.2 FM, Heart West on 105.1 FM, and CHAOS Radio ,
3403-644: The 1980s as an AMC multiplex) at the Merry Hill Shopping Centre in Brierley Hill was refurbished as an Odeon cinema. However, its style is more functional than that of original Odeon cinemas. The first cinema that opened under the Odeon brand was in 1930, located in Perry Barr , Birmingham. It was designed by Harry Weedon using maritime-inspired Art Deco architecture. The frontage was remodelled following damage sustained during
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3486-592: The Holy Trinity above the Annunciation and below that the Risen Christ between two saints on the west. The tower can be dated to between 1478 and 1487 by the arms of Bishop Courtenay, and the walls are faced in Pentewan stone . The tower and other parts of the church have an interior lining of granite On the south side of the church, a formerly separate chantry has been incorporated into the church when it
3569-563: The Irish assets of Storm Cinemas, and as with the existing UCI chain, would be contracting the running of the cinemas to Odeon. On 31 May 2011, Odeon announced that it had bought back the UCI chain in Ireland (including the Storm Cinemas-branded locations) from Entertainment Enterprises. Odeon rebranded all of its Irish cinemas under the Odeon brand during 2012; the first rebranded cinema reopened on 27 March 2012. In February 2007,
3652-595: The Irish cinemas were sold to an Irish group, Entertainment Enterprises, in September 2006. This transaction went unreported in the Irish media. It also stated that the cinemas remained part of the Odeon chain under a management contract. Rank /Odeon previously ran cinemas in Ireland (including the flagship, the Savoy Cinema in O'Connell Street ) until 1982, when they were purchased by Ward Anderson . In April 2008, Entertainment Enterprises announced that it purchased
3735-544: The North of England and Scotland. The town's bus station faces the entrance to the railway station to offer an easy interchange between buses and trains. National Express coach services call here, a dedicated link operates to the Eden Project , and local buses operate to villages such as Fowey and Mevagissey . The town can be accessed by the A390 which by-passes the town to the south on its way from Liskeard to Truro , or by
3818-441: The Odeon chain, and while they initially retained the UCI brand name, evidence of the merger became apparent, for example when booking tickets by credit card, the name "Odeon" appeared. The Odeon in-house film review magazine, Onscreen , was now also distributed in the UCI cinemas, retaining the Odeon logo font throughout. In August 2007, UCI launched a new Irish website with an identical layout to odeon.co.uk. This website stated that
3901-544: The RLC period, e.g. Cornish : gonn "I know". ^6 The distribution of [s] and [z] differs in each variety of Cornish. Some rules are common to almost all speakers, e.g. final s and medial s between vowels or a sonorant and a vowel are usually [z] , whereas other rules are specific to certain varieties, e.g. RMC speakers usually realise initial s as [s] whereas RLC tend to prefer [z] (except in such clusters as sk , sl , sn , sp and st ). The mutation of [s] to [z] found in some varieties of Cornish
3984-721: The UK became home to Europe's first DCI-compliant fully digital multiplex cinemas with the launch of Odeon Hatfield and Odeon Surrey Quays (in London), with a total of 18 digital screens. In 2007 Odeon acquired ten cinemas in Italy. It is now the largest cinema chain in Europe. In March 2012, the Odeon and UCI Cinemas Group under Terra Firma's control reported a £70 million loss for the year 2011, as posted on Companies House . In 2015, Terra Firma announced that it planned to sell Odeon and UCI Cinemas for around £1 billion. In April 2015,
4067-551: The UK market leader Pearl & Dean , which it eventually overtook. Rank Screen Advertising was later rebranded as Cinema Media before being taken over by Carlton Communications and became Carlton Screen Advertising. In 2008, Odeon, along with rival chain Cineworld , bought back the company and today it is known as Digital Cinema Media . The company operates a website and mobile apps for iOS and Android , allowing customers to book tickets in advance of performances. They ceased
4150-622: The UK. The Odeon Marble Arch showed Bwana Devil in 3D in March 1953. Later in the year, Odeon showed Tonight We Sing in widescreen at the Odeon Leicester Square and demonstrated CinemaScope at the Odeon Tottenham Court Road to the trade and to the public with The Robe at the Odeon Leicester Square. In January 1959, Rank restructured its exhibition operation and combined the best Gaumonts and
4233-541: The United States. The agreement meant that Cornish became officially accepted and funded, with support from the UK government and the European Union . In June 2009, the Gorsedh Kernow voted overwhelmingly to adopt the Standard Written Form. In 2013, the SWF was reviewed in a process intended to identify problems and issues with the orthography. A small number of changes were made to the SWF, which made
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#17327729060284316-464: The best Odeons for a new "Rank" release, while the rest of their cinemas were given a new "National" release. With the continuing decline in attendance and cinema numbers, the National release died on its feet and henceforth there were two release patterns, Rank and ABC . There was no reason to perpetuate the Gaumont name, and in towns that lost their Odeon, the Gaumont was usually renamed Odeon within
4399-608: The business to J. Arthur Rank , who was in the process of forming the Rank Organisation . In 1939, they acquired most of the small UK cinema operations of Paramount Pictures , including key sites in Birmingham , Glasgow , Leeds , Liverpool and Newcastle upon Tyne . By the time of Deutsch's death in December 1941, the chain had 258 cinemas throughout Britain, including 142 specially built. After his death, his wife sold his shares to Rank, giving Rank control of both Odeon and
4482-427: The churchyard which was found buried in the ground on the manor of Treverbyn in 1879. This cross was erected in the churchyard on a new base in 1879. Another cross is in the grounds of a house originally known as Moor Cottage. This house was built in 1819; the cross was brought from Hewas in the parish of Ladock . The parish of St Austell was part of the archdeaconry of Cornwall and Diocese of Exeter until 1876 when
4565-491: The cinema, citing high ticket prices, high food prices, inattentive staff, sound bleeding through from the cinema next door, and displaying adverts on how piracy was killing film. The complaint eventually went viral, with over 275,000 'Likes' and over 23,000 comments as of 3 September 2012, as well as receiving attention from the national media, including a programme feature on BBC Radio 4 . On 29 April 2020, Odeon Cinemas, alongside its parent company AMC Theatres , announced
4648-638: The clay tips around St Austell. St Austell is home to several public houses , numerous high street retailers, and several independent shops, many of which cater for tourists. The town has a small museum which is situated in St Austell Market House . A Brewery Museum and Visitor Centre is situated on the site of the St Austell Brewery in Trevarthian Road. The town has two weekly newspapers: Radio St Austell Bay
4731-820: The company agreed to sell its cinemas in Gerrards Cross , Esher , Muswell Hill and Barnet to its smaller rival Everyman Cinemas for £7.1 million. In July 2016, the company was bought for $ 921 million by the American company AMC Theatres , which is owned by Chinese conglomerate Wanda Group . The deal received approval from the European Commission on 17 November 2016, and was completed on 30 November 2016. In 2018, AMC Theatres bought Norwegian chain SF Kino and renamed it Odeon Kino . On 17 March 2020, Odeon closed all of its theatres due to
4814-510: The company to AMC Theatres in November 2016. Ironically, UCI was originally formed through the merger of AMC UK and Cinema International Corporation in 1989. Odeon Cinemas was created in 1928 by Oscar Deutsch . Odeon publicists liked to claim that the name of the cinemas was derived from his motto, "Oscar Deutsch Entertains Our Nation", but it had been used for cinemas in France and Italy in
4897-555: The first time: the cinema is technically advanced and the first purpose-built cinema in Cornwall for over 60 years. The Torchlight Carnival was revived in November 2009 as a direct result of public demand through a survey conducted with local residents. The Torchlight Procession has become an important event in the town's calendar, heralding in the Winter celebrations and drawing thousands of people from across Cornwall and Devon. The event
4980-433: The grammar school, and Penrice Academy ; together with Brannel School which is situated in the nearby village of St Stephen-in-Brannel . Several of these are joining an academy trust called CELT (Cornwall Education and Learning Trust). Cornwall College St Austell is a Further & Higher Education institution incorporating the former St Austell Sixth Form Centre and Mid Cornwall College of Further Education. The college
5063-399: The greatest tin mine in the world. Around 1760 the Land's End to Plymouth road went through the town. Along with William Cookworthy 's discovery of china clay at Tregonning Hill in west Cornwall, and the same mineral, found in greater quantity in Hensbarrow downs north of St Austell, the town became more prominent. China clay mining soon took over from tin and copper mining as
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#17327729060285146-416: The head Guard must ride on the leading vehicle, unless it be a bonnet end one, in which case he must ride in the first low sided vehicle from it, to keep a good look out, and be prepared to give a signal to the Driver either by Day or Night, as may be required". Train services today operate west to Truro and Penzance , and east to Plymouth and London . There are also CrossCountry services on most days to
5229-520: The largest cinema chain in Europe. As a condition of the merger (imposed by the Office of Fair Trading ), Odeon's Newcastle upon Tyne , Sutton Coldfield , Poole , Quinton , Hemel Hempstead and Bromley cinemas were sold to Empire Cinemas . Many smaller, older cinemas such as Odeon Grimsby on Freeman Street were closed to keep market share within legal limits. The remaining UCI cinemas, including Thefilmworks brands, were rebranded as Odeon by early November 2005. UCI cinemas in Ireland have also joined
5312-513: The main centre of the china clay industry in Cornwall and employs around 2,200 people as of 2006, with sales of £195 million. The St Austell Brewery , which celebrated its 150th anniversary in 2001, supplies cask ale to pubs in Cornwall and other parts of the country. Its flagship beer is St Austell Tribute ; a number of other ales are brewed but are less commonly sold outside Cornwall. St Austell Brewery's first public house, The Seven Stars Inn, purchased in 1863, still stands on East Hill in
5395-608: The original Specification but as [ʏ] in the updated online dictionary. Reduced to [ɪ] when unstressed. ^10 Changed to [ɪʊ] when stressed and word-final or before gh . In a small number of words, u can represent [ʊ] when short or [uː] or [ɪʊ] when long in TC and RLC. The 2013 Review recommends these be spelt optionally as ù and û respectively in "dictionaries and teaching materials". ^11 Can be pronounced [ɛ, eː] and therefore spelt e in TC and RLC. ^1 Loanword spelt with aw are often pronounced [ɒ(ː)] in TC and RLC . ^2 Used as
5478-524: The orthography easier for learners and went some way to reducing the spelling difference between dialects. In 2021, a third edition of the SWF was published by the Akademi Kernewek , incorporating the decisions of the 2014 review and work over the subsequent decade. The Standard Written Form recognises Revived Middle Cornish ( RMC ), Tudor Cornish ( TC ), and Revived Late Cornish ( RLC ) as variants of equal standing on which it bases its system. The original 2008 Specification states that "[t]he orthography as
5561-446: The principal industry in the area, and this eventually contributed enormously to the growth of the town. The china clay industry really only came into its own during the mid-19th to early 20th centuries, at a time when the falling prices of tin and other metals forced many mines to close down or convert to clay mining. The success and high profitability of the industry attracted many families whose breadwinner had been put out of work by
5644-401: The pronunciation [ɛʊ] . ^1 Used solely in words whose status as borrowings is in no doubt. ^2 In certain borrowed words, such as Cornish : fondacyon RMC [fɔnˈdasjɔn] , RLC [fənˈdæʃjɐn] "foundation". ^3 TC speakers realise dh as [θ] and v as [f] word-finally in an unstressed syllable. RLC speakers may not even realise these sounds at all, although this
5727-424: The return of Peacocks to St Austell following the demolition of its old store to make way for the new development. Bonmarché, Peacocks and Wilko have since closed. It was announced in October 2008 that the developer David McLean Developments had gone into administration and concern was expressed that this could jeopardise the completion of the project. The new White River Cinema opened its doors in December 2008 for
5810-429: The rival Gaumont-British chain, which the Rank Organisation had acquired earlier in the year. In July 1942, Odeon acquired a second tranche of the Paramount chain, including the Paramount Theatre in Tottenham Court Road , later renamed the Odeon Tottenham Court Road. In 1948, Rank merged the management and booking operations of Odeon and Gaumont. In 1953, Odeon brought 3D films , widescreen and CinemaScope to
5893-629: The short version of long o [ɔː/oː] , or [ɤ] , the short counterpart to oo [oː/uː] . When representing [ɤ] , the 2013 Review suggests o could be written as ò for clarity in "dictionaries and teaching materials". ^6 Used as a variant graph by RLC speakers in a few words where RMC and TC speakers use long a , [aː] and [æː] respectively. After the 2013 Review, used solely in Cornish : boas "be", Cornish : broas "big", Cornish : doas "come", Cornish : moas "go", and their derivatives. ^7 Used in word only when both Kernewek Kemmyn (KK) writes oe and RLC realises
5976-525: The short-lived Trenance Valley line . The independent narrow gauge Pentewan Railway ran from West Hill to the coast at Pentewan . The Cornish Main Line in St Austell is quite renowned for its viaducts in the Gover Valley and Trenance areas of the town. The original timber structure was designed by Isambard Kingdom Brunel , it was 115 feet (35 m) high, 720 feet (220 m) long on 10 piers; it
6059-451: The sound [uː] . Therefore, oo does not always correspond to KK, e.g. SWF Cornish : loor , KK Cornish : loer "moon" both [loːr] , but SWF Cornish : hwor [ʍɔːr] , KK Cornish : hwoer [hwoːr] "sister". This is because evidence suggests the second group of words with o underwent a different phonological development to the first group with oe . ^8 Pronounced solely as [uː] in RLC. ^9 Given as [y] in
6142-556: The town but has closed as a public house; the building is let by the Brewery at 'minimal rent' to a charity providing an educational facility for young people. Tregonissey House, the site of the company's first steam brewery, built in 1870, can also be seen in Market Hill. A brewery museum and visitor centre is open to the public on the present brewery site in Trevarthian Road. As in much of Cornwall and neighbouring counties, tourism
6225-741: The town centre site to complete the preparation, with the Filmcentre which was originally an Odeon cinema dating back to 1936, being demolished in late September/early October. In October 2007, the South West of England Regional Development Agency (SWRDA) announced the new development would be named White River Place . It was also announced that 50% of shop units had been leased to High Street stores, with New Look , Peacocks , Bonmarché and Wilko opening new stores. This would mean New Look relocating from its current premises in Fore Street and
6308-429: The town. Work began in 1963 on a brutalist-style pedestrian precinct which included shops, offices, and flats. The design was by Alister MacDonald & Partners and the materials reinforced concrete with some stone facing. In the 2000s this area of the town had become very outdated, and underwent a £75 million redevelopment process. In August 2007, developers David McLean and demolition team Gilpin moved onto
6391-506: The use of Cornish in Cornwall . The new form was agreed in May 2008 after two years of negotiations, and was influenced by all the previous orthographies. The negotiating teams comprised members of all the main Cornish language groups, Kesva an Taves Kernewek , Kowethas an Yeth Kernewek , Agan Tavas , and Cussel an Tavas Kernuak , and received input from experts and academics from Europe and
6474-664: Was also one of their principal architects, remodelling a partially complete assembly hall in Portslade and designing his first purpose-built cinema in Upper Wickham Lane, Welling , Kent which opened on 22 October 1934 and closed on 22 October 1960. It is currently a bingo club in the Mecca chain. It featured central linear lighting, a feature that became characteristic of his work. 15 other Odeon cinemas opened in 1934. In 1935, Deutsch commissioned John Maltby (1910–1980),
6557-465: Was extended. (The chantry itself was abolished in 1543.) There are holy wells at Menacuddle and Towan. A new organ was placed on the north side of the chancel in 1880 and the first recital was held on 22 April. The organ was built by Messrs Bryceson Brothers and Ellis and cost circa £600. The church is dedicated to the Holy Trinity , is Grade I listed, and seats 300. There is a Cornish cross in
6640-529: Was initially proposed in 2003. The arms of St Austell are Argent a saltire raguly Gules. St Austell is in the parliamentary constituency of St Austell and Newquay which was created in 2010 by the Boundary Commission for England (increasing the number of seats in Cornwall from five to six). Before 2010 it was in the Truro and St Austell seat. The main local authority is Cornwall Council ,
6723-711: Was later provided nearby in Eliot Road, next to the railway's new goods yard. The network was progressively extended over the next twenty years, after which time the services were transferred to the Western National Omnibus Company, formed in 1929 to free the railway company from its bus services and avoid complaints about its transport monopoly. Western National has now become part of the FirstGroup and operates as Kernow . St Austell has three comprehensive schools, Poltair School , formerly
6806-525: Was replaced by a stone viaduct in 1899. There was a siding located west of the viaduct. In the early years trains from St Austell had to push wagons over the tall, curving viaduct to shunt this siding. The Great Western Railway 's instructions stated that: "Trucks may be pushed from St Austell to the Siding, but when this is done the speed of the Train between the two places must not exceed 8 miles an hour, and
6889-486: Was sold again in 1984 to Cineplex Corporation , forming Cineplex Odeon , then later became known as Loews Cineplex Entertainment . It also owned fifty per cent of an Australian subsidiary, Greater Union Organisation, based in Sydney , with dozens of cinemas across Australia. The Rank Organisation's share of Greater Union Organisation was sold to Amalgamated Holdings Ltd., an Australian company, also in 1984. Greater Union
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