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37-477: Gold dredges in Alaska had a stacker that was a fixed part of the dredge. It carried over-size material to the tailings pile. Stackers are nominally rated for capacity in tonnes per hour (tph). They normally travel on a rail between stockpiles in the stockyard. A stacker can usually move in at least two directions: horizontally along the rail and vertically by luffing (raising and lowering) its boom. Luffing of

74-534: A 70-year-old dredge (as seen in the popular TV series, Gold Rush , on the Discovery channel.). As of 2016, this is the only operating large dredge in the Klondike. However, he is currently working on fixing up a second dredge 33% larger than the first one. In Season 7 Episode 20, titled Dredge vs Washplant, it was shown that in a 2-day test the running costs of the dredge were approximately 25% of those of running

111-413: A much larger scale. Gold dredges are an important tool of gold miners around the world. They allow profitable mining at relatively low operational costs. Even though the concept is simple in principle, dredges can be engineered in different ways allowing to catch different sizes of gold specimen. Hence the efficiency of gold dredges differs greatly depending on its specifications. By the mid to late 1850s

148-638: A popular form of gold mining. Advances in technology allow a small dredge to be carried by a single person to a remote location and profitably process gravel banks on streams that previously were inaccessible to the giant dredges of the 1930s. Today dredges are versatile and popular consisting of both floating surface dredges that use a vacuum to suck gravel from the bottom and submersible dredges. Large dredges are still operating in several countries of South America (Peru, Brasil, Guyana, Colombia), Asia (Russia, China, Mongolia Papua-New Guinea) and Africa (Sierra Leone). In 2015, gold miner Tony Beets reconstructed

185-504: A single cone tends to cause size segregation, with coarser material moving out towards the base. In raw cone ply stacking, additional cones are added next to the first cone. In chevron stacking, the stacker travels along the length of the stockpile adding layer upon layer of material. Stackers and reclaimers were originally manually controlled, with no means of remote control. Modern machines are typically semi-automatic or fully automated, with parameters remotely set. The control system used

222-470: A trailing cable. There are basically two types of cable trailing: power cord rotating drum (PCRD) and control cable rotating drum (CCRD). Pendulum adjustments are made to ensure the proper alignment of these cables while the stacker is travelling. Gold dredge A gold dredge is a placer mining machine that extracts gold from sand, gravel, and dirt using water and mechanical methods. The original gold dredges were large, multi-story machines built in

259-512: A washplant and feeding it with heavy equipment. Environmental impact studies show no clear positive benefits from suction dredging and potential negative impacts on stream systems. Small scale suction dredging in rivers and streams remains a controversial land management topic and the subject of much political turmoil. Folsom, California Folsom is a city in Sacramento County, California , United States. The population

296-676: Is also a pedestrian bridge over East Bidwell Street that opened on November 6, 2010, as part of a new segment on the Humbug-Willow Creek Trail called the Johnny Cash Trail and a Johnny Cash Bridge crossing over near the intersection of Folsom Lake Crossing and East Natoma that was unveiled on October 4, 2014. In the California State Legislature , Folsom is in the 1st Senate District , represented by Republican Brian Dahle , and in

333-403: Is called tailings . The rocks deposited behind the dredge (by the stacker) are called "tailing piles." The holes in the screen were intended to screen out rocks (e.g., 3/4 inch holes in the screen sent anything larger than 3/4 inch to the stacker). The basic concept of retrieving gold via placer mining has not changed since antiquity. The concept is that the gold in sand or soil will settle to

370-741: Is located in Folsom and offers a bike trail, sports facilities and a water park. Bike trails include Humbug-Willow Creek Trail, Folsom Rail Trail, Folsom Lake Trail, and Oak Parkway Trail. Folsom is the endpoint of the American River Bike Trail , which starts in Sacramento. Bridges located in Folsom include the Lake Natoma Crossing; the Rainbow Bridge, a historic truss bridge; and Folsom Lake Crossing. There

407-628: Is part of the Sacramento − Arden-Arcade − Roseville Metropolitan Statistical Area . At the 2010 census Folsom had a population of 72,203. The population density was 2,971.2 inhabitants per square mile (1,147.2/km ). The racial makeup of Folsom was 53,627 (74.3%) White, 4,140 (5.7%) African American, 427 (0.6%) Native American, 9,000 (12.5%) Asian, 173 (0.2%) Pacific Islander, 1,818 (2.5%) from other races, and 3,018 (4.2%) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 8,064 persons (11.2%). The census reported that 65,243 people (90.4% of

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444-487: Is typically a programmable logic controller , with a human-machine interface for display, connected to a central control system . Other than stacking, a stacker has three basic movements: The conveyor belts used in stackers may be made of fabric or metal wire, depending upon the material to be handled. They are driven by pulleys, which in turn are driven by DC motors . The motors and gear are coupled by fluid coupling . Most stackers are electrically powered by way of

481-909: The 7th Assembly District , represented by Republican Josh Hoover . Located within California's 3rd congressional district , Folsom is represented in the U.S. House of Representatives by Republican Kevin Kiley . Folsom Lake College is a public community college which is part of the Los Rios Community College District . Folsom Cordova Unified School District operates public schools in Folsom and Rancho Cordova. The 3 high schools are Folsom High School , Vista del Lago High School , and Cordova High School . The 4 middle schools are Folsom Middle School, Sutter Middle School, Mills Middle School, and Mitchell Middle School. The Sacramento Regional Transit District extended

518-671: The Livermore family made an agreement with the state to donate land for the prison in exchange for prison labor. They planned to build a hydro-electric dam from the American River for a sawmill. Though the sawmill did not work out, the Livermores soon realized that the natural force of running water could provide enough power to transmit to Sacramento, and the Folsom Powerhouse , now a National Historic Landmark ,

555-653: The United States Census Bureau , the city has a total area of 34 square miles (88 km ), of which, 31.9 square miles (83 km ) of it is land and 2.4 square miles (6.2 km ) of it (9.69%) is water. Folsom is located in the foothills of the Sierra Nevada. Carpenter Hill in Folsom has the highest elevation in Sacramento County. Folsom's climate is characterized by long, hot, dry summers and cool, rainy winters. Folsom

592-752: The light rail train system to Folsom via an extension to the Gold Line in October 2005, providing direct service to Downtown Sacramento . Regional Transit also operates the Folsom Stage Line, a public bus service within the city of Folsom. In February 2020, 75 project customers, including the City of Folsom, received permanent federal water contracts for the Central Valley Project. The song " Folsom Prison Blues " by Johnny Cash

629-579: The poverty line , including 4.1% of those under age 18 and 4.3% of those age 65 or over. According to the city's 2020 Comprehensive Annual Financial Report, the top employers in the city are: The total Folsom labor force is 35,500. Approximately 59.6% of the total adult population asset, of around 59,740. The city operates the Folsom Public Library, located in the Georgia Murray Building. Livermore Community Park

666-938: The Molyneaux River, and in West Coast rivers like the Grey River (where the last gold dredge worked until 2004). A New Zealand born mining entrepreneur, Charles Lancelot Garland , bought the technology to New South Wales, Australia, launching the first dredge there, in March 1899, resulting in a major revival of the alluvial gold mining industry. Gold dredges also operated, extensively, in Victoria and in Queensland. Dredges were also used to mine placer deposits of other minerals, such as tin ore . In later years, some dredges were electrically powered. A gold dredge

703-467: The age of 18 living with them, 61.7% were married couples living together, 8.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 27.2% were non-families. 21.8% of households were one person and 7.1% were one person aged 65 or older. The average household size was 2.61 and the average family size was 3.08. The age distribution was 24.2% under the age of 18, 6.6% from 18 to 24, 39.0% from 25 to 44, 21.4% from 45 to 64, and 8.8% 65 or older. The median age

740-424: The boom minimises dust by reducing the distance that material such as coal needs to fall to the top of the stockpile. The boom is luffed upwards as the height of the stockpile increases. Some stackers can rotate the boom. This allows a single stacker to form two stockpiles, one on either side of the conveyor . Stackers are used to stack in different patterns, such as cone stacking and chevron stacking. Stacking in

777-407: The bottom because gold is heavy/dense, and dirt, sand and rock will wash away, leaving the gold behind. The original methods to perform placer mining involved gold panning, sluice boxes, and rockers. Each method involves washing sand, gravel and dirt in water. Gold then settles to the bottom of the pan, or into the bottom of the riffles of the sluice box. The gold dredge is the same concept but on

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814-409: The buckets dump the material into a steel rotating cylinder (a specific type of trommel called "the screen") that is sloped downward toward a rubber belt (the stacker ) that carries away oversize material (rocks) and dumps the rocks behind the dredge. The cylinder has many holes in it to allow undersized material (including gold) to fall into a sluice box. The material that is washed or sorted away

851-705: The easily accessible placer gold in California was gone, but much gold remained. The challenge of retrieving the gold took a professional mining approach to make it pay: giant machines and giant companies. Massive floating dredges scooped up millions of tons of river gravels, as steam and electrical power became available in the early 1900s. The last giant gold dredge in California was the Natomas Number 6 dredge operating in Folsom, California that ceased operations on 12 Feb 1962 as cost of operation began exceeding

888-448: The first half of the 1900s. Small suction machines are currently marketed as "gold dredges" to individuals seeking gold: just offshore from the beach of Nome, Alaska , for instance. A large gold dredge uses a mechanical method to excavate material (sand, gravel, dirt, etc.) using steel "buckets" on a circular, continuous "bucketline" at the front end of the dredge. The material is then sorted/sifted using water. On large gold dredges,

925-599: The most southern point of Folsom Lake . Folsom is home to Folsom Lake College , Folsom High School , Vista del Lago High School and a historic downtown district. Folsom is also home to the largest private employer in the Sacramento area, Intel . The Folsom Plan Area allows the construction of 11,000 homes resulting in 25,000 additional residents enlarging the city of Folsom by one-third. The planned community development area of 3,250 acres (1,320 ha) south of Highway 50 includes additional housing, schools and parks along with office and commercial buildings. According to

962-424: The occupied units 17,442 (69.9%) were owner-occupied and 7,509 (30.1%) were rented. The homeowner vacancy rate was 1.9%; the rental vacancy rate was 5.2%. 47,982 people (66.5% of the population) lived in owner-occupied housing units and 17,261 people (23.9%) lived in rental housing units. At the 2000 census there were 51,884 people in 17,196 households, including 12,518 families, in the city. The population density

999-629: The population) lived in households, 188 (0.3%) lived in non-institutionalized group quarters, and 6,772 (9.4%) were institutionalized. There were 24,951 households, 9,796 (39.3%) had children under the age of 18 living in them, 14,399 (57.7%) were opposite-sex married couples living together, 2,195 (8.8%) had a female householder with no husband present, 1,006 (4.0%) had a male householder with no wife present. There were 1,150 (4.6%) unmarried opposite-sex partnerships , and 137 (0.5%) same-sex married couples or partnerships . 5,788 households (23.2%) were one person and 1,930 (7.7%) had someone living alone who

1036-497: The terminus of the Gold Line of Sacramento Regional Transit District 's light rail service in 2005. A few former gold-rush era towns are located within the city limits of Folsom, including Prairie City , Salmon Falls , and Mormon Island . Folsom included a significant Chinese American community when it was first incorporated , but arsonists burned Folsom's Chinatown in March 1886, driving Chinese Americans out of town. The establishment of Folsom Prison came in 1880, when

1073-462: The town called Granite City, mostly occupied by gold miners seeking their fortune in the Sierra Nevada foothills. Though few amassed a great deal of wealth, the city prospered due to Joseph Folsom's lobbying to get a railway to connect the town with Sacramento . Joseph died in 1855, and Granite City was later renamed Folsom in his honor. The railway was abandoned in the 1980s but opened up as

1110-459: The value of the gold recovered. Many of these large dredges still exist today in state-sponsored heritage areas ( Sumpter Valley Gold Dredge ), or tourist attractions ( Dredge No. 4 National Historic Site of Canada). Gold dredges were used in New Zealand from the 1860s, although the earlier dredges were of primitive design and not very successful. Much of the New Zealand dredge technology

1147-437: Was 2,386.7 inhabitants per square mile (921.5/km ). There were 17,968 housing units at an average density of 826.5 per square mile (319.1/km ). The racial makeup of the city was 77.89% Caucasian, 5.99% African American, 0.58% Native American, 7.19% Asian, 0.19% Pacific Islander, 4.71% from other races, and 3.43% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 9.47%. Of the 17,196 households 39.1% had children under

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1184-417: Was 36 years. For every 100 females, there were 123.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 131.0 males. According to a 2007 estimate, The median household income was $ 87,542, and the median family income was $ 109,032. Males had a median income of $ 60,616 versus $ 42,434 for females. The per capita income for the city was $ 30,210. About 2.6% of families and 7.3% of the population were below

1221-593: Was 65 or older. The average household size was 2.61. There were 17,600 families (70.5% of households); the average family size was 3.13. The age distribution was 17,570 people (24.3%) under the age of 18, 5,344 people (7.4%) aged 18 to 24, 23,022 people (31.9%) aged 25 to 44, 19,358 people (26.8%) aged 45 to 64, and 6,909 people (9.6%) who were 65 or older. The median age was 37.6 years. For every 100 females, there were 114.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 117.9 males. There were 26,109 housing units at an average density of 1,074.4 per square mile, of

1258-399: Was 80,454 at the 2020 census , up from 72,203 residents at the 2010 census . The Nisenan tribe of Native Americans had long inhabited the area. The Gold Rush of 1849 brought violence, disease and overwhelming loss for the tribes. Joseph Libbey Folsom purchased Rancho Rio de los Americanos from the heirs of San Francisco merchant William Alexander Leidesdorff , and laid out

1295-582: Was developed locally. The first really successful bucket dredge for gold mining was that of Choie Sew Hoy, also known as Charles Sew Hoy , in 1889. This dredge was able work river banks and flats, as well as the bottoms of streams. It became the prototype for many similar dredges, and led to a boom in gold dredging in the South Island ; in Otago rivers like the Shotover River , Clutha River and

1332-471: Was opened. At the time it was opened, it had the longest overhead run of electricity (22 miles) in the country. The powerhouse operated until 1952. Folsom Dam was built in 1956, providing flood control and water rights for the Sacramento Valley and created Folsom Lake . The dam is located on the southwest corner of the lake. The lake is an estimated 4.8 miles (7.7 km) from Granite Bay to

1369-481: Was working at Porcupine Flat, near Maldon, Victoria , until 1984. From Australia, in turn, gold dredging technology spread to New Guinea, at the time an Australian territory, in the 1930s. Due to the remote locations of the goldfields and absence of roads in New Guinea, parts of dredges were carried to site by air and the dredge was assembled there. In the late 1960s and through today, dredging has returned as

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