133-589: Livermore is a city in Alameda County, California . With a 2020 population of 87,955, Livermore is the most populous city in the Tri-Valley , giving its name to the Livermore Valley . It is located on the eastern edge of California's San Francisco Bay Area , making it the easternmost city in the area. Livermore was a railroad town named for Robert Livermore , a local rancher who settled in
266-494: A Boot Hill called the Oak Knoll Cemetery, Livermore's first public cemetery, but it was formally abandoned after becoming less popular and being devastated by natural disasters in the 1900s, and is now used for athletics at Granada High School . During the late 19th century and early 20th century, the Livermore Valley attracted the creation of sanitariums due to the warm climate and clean air. From 1894 to 1960,
399-540: A semi-arid climate because of its relatively low annual precipitation, due to being in the rain shadow of the western portions of the Diablo Range . Livermore features hot, dry summers and cool winters with occasional rainfall. The valley's passes direct the normal west to east flow of air through the valley. Usually there is a strong evening wind in the summer that brings cool air off the Pacific Ocean into
532-408: A Mediterranean climate, gravelly soil, warm days and cool nights, it was a good location to grow wine grapes. By 1880 the wheat and barley fields were being replaced by vineyards. As well as the main products of the town, extensive chromite deposits were found nearby and exploited for a time. Magnesite deposits were exploited on Red Mountain , near the end of Mines Road. The Remillard Brick Company
665-582: A capital budget of $ 3,870,971. LARPD serves an area that encompasses about 115,000 people. The extensive gravel deposits around Livermore have led to extensive gravel extraction that is still ongoing. Shadow Cliffs Park along Stanley Boulevard west of Livermore is a popular 266-acre (108 ha) park that includes an 80-acre (32 ha) lake in an old Kaiser Industries gravel pit and is used extensively today for swimming, boating, and fishing. Alameda County, California Alameda County ( / ˌ æ l ə ˈ m iː d ə / AL -ə- MEE -də )
798-476: A community of young families and commuters from the greater Bay Area. The North Livermore district is north of the Union Pacific Railroad that cuts through downtown. The South Livermore district, including areas of unincorporated land, has over 40 wineries. Livermore has a seasonal local farmers market on Thursdays. The first Camp Wonder , a summer camp for children with special medical needs,
931-767: A front mosaic by Maria Alquilar . The official city flower is the Livermore tarplant , an endangered plant that only grows near Livermore. The city is noted for one world record. A 120+ year old 4-watt light bulb, called the Centennial Light, housed in the Livermore-Pleasanton Fire Department Firehouse Six, is still burning. Originally installed by Augustus Donner Wilson, the bulb has been maintained through successive generations until his great-great-granddaughter Alissa Wilson. It glows dimly, but still functions as
1064-417: A household in the city was $ 49,109, and the median income for a family was $ 58,757. Males had a median income of $ 40,410 versus $ 31,258 for females. The per capita income for the city was $ 27,133. About 4.4% of families and 7.8% of the population were below the poverty line, including 6.5% of those under age 18 and 4.8% of those age 65 or over. According to the city's 2015 Comprehensive Annual Financial Report,
1197-487: A light bulb. The Guinness Book of World Records , Ripley's Believe It or Not! , and General Electric have concluded that the bulb has been burning continuously since 1901 with the exception of power failures and the three times it was disconnected for moves to new stations. The light bulb was manufactured by the Shelby Electric Company and was hand blown with a carbon filament. Radio station KKIQ
1330-683: A light coating of snow to Monterey. In March 2006, a total of 3.2 inches (8.1 cm) fell in Monterey, including 2.2 inches (0.056 m) on March 10, 2006. The snowfall on January 21, 1962, of 1.5 inches (0.038 m), is remembered for delaying the Bing Crosby golf tournament in nearby Pebble Beach . The record lowest temperature was 26 °F (−3.3 °C) on December 24, 1998, and January 13, 2007. Annually, there are an average of 1.3 days with highs that reach or exceed 90 °F or 32.2 °C and an average of 1.5 days with lows at or below
1463-438: A lone dweller who is over 64. The average household size was 2.13 and the average family size was 2.82. The age distribution is as follows: 16.6% under the age of 18, 13.1% from 18 to 24, 33.8% from 25 to 44, 21.7% from 45 to 64, and 14.9% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females, there were 96.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 96.1 males. The median income for
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#17327872983081596-523: A new mission in Carmel the next year to gain greater independence from Fages. The existing wood and adobe church remained in service to the nearby soldiers and became the Royal Presidio Chapel . Monterey became the capital of the "Province of Both Californias" in 1777, and the chapel was renamed the Royal Presidio Chapel . The original church was destroyed by fire in 1789 and replaced by
1729-474: A population of 27,810. The population density was 2,364.0 inhabitants per square mile (912.7/km ). The racial makeup of Monterey was 21,788 (78.3%) White , 777 (2.8%) African American , 149 (0.5%) Native American , 2,204 (7.9%) Asian , 91 (0.3%) Pacific Islander , 1,382 (5.0%) from other races , and 1,419 (5.1%) from two or more races. There were 3,817 people (13.7%) of Hispanic or Latino origin, of any race. The Census reported that 25,307 people (91.0% of
1862-413: Is 17.11 inches (435 mm), with most occurring between October and April; little to no precipitation falls during the summer. There is an average of 72.1 days with measurable precipitation annually. Average temperatures in Monterey are similar to average temperatures found in other parts of the world with oceanic climates, including Puerto Williams , Chile , Ushuaia , Argentina , much of New Zealand ,
1995-655: Is State Route 1: all residents exposed to levels greater than 65 CNEL—about 1,600 people—live near State Route 1 or one of the principal arterial streets. Monterey's climate is regulated by its proximity to the Pacific Ocean, resulting in a warm-summer Mediterranean climate ( Köppen climate classification : Csb ) although with temperatures resembling an oceanic climate . The city's average high temperatures range from 58.2 °F (14.6 °C) in December to 68.2 °F (20.1 °C) in September. Average annual precipitation
2128-558: Is a county located in the U.S. state of California . As of the 2020 census , the population was 1,682,353, making it the 7th-most populous county in the state and 21st most populous nationally. The county seat is Oakland . Alameda County is in the San Francisco Bay Area , occupying much of the East Bay region. The Spanish word alameda means either "a grove of poplars...or a tree lined street". The name
2261-598: Is a city in Monterey County on the southern edge of Monterey Bay on the U.S. state of California 's Central Coast . Founded on June 3, 1770, Monterey was the second permanent settlement (after San Diego ) established by Spanish explorers in what is now California. It functioned as the capital of Alta California under both Spain (1804–1821) and Mexico (1822–1846). During this period, Monterey hosted California's first theater, public building, public library, publicly funded school, printing press, and newspaper. It
2394-581: Is a special district within Alameda County created to distribute water, but it is not operated by Alameda County administrators. It is operated by an elected board of directors. Alameda County Superior Court operates in twelve separate locations throughout the county, with its central René C. Davidson Courthouse located in Oakland near Lake Merritt . Most major criminal trials and complex civil cases are heard at this location or in courtrooms within
2527-546: Is absent for a meeting, the vice president shall be responsible. A Board election occurs every two years for these positions. Supervisor Carson is serving currently as president; Supervisor Miley is vice president. The county's law enforcement is overseen by an elected Sheriff/Coroner and an elected District Attorney. The Sheriff supervises the deputies of the Alameda County Sheriff's Office , whose primary responsibilities include policing unincorporated areas of
2660-520: Is an early example of Monterey Colonial architecture. The Old Custom House , the historic district and the Royal Presidio Chapel are also National Historic Landmarks. The Cooper-Molera Adobe is a National Trust Historic Site. Colton Hall , built in 1849 by Walter Colton , originally served as both a public school and a government meeting place. Monterey hosted California's first constitutional convention in 1849, which composed
2793-519: Is at 26 feet (8 m) above sea level. The 2020 census recorded a population of 30,218. Monterey and the surrounding area have attracted artists since the late 19th century. Many celebrated painters and writers have lived in the area. Until the 1950s there was an abundant fishery . Monterey's present-day attractions include the Monterey Bay Aquarium , Cannery Row , Fisherman's Wharf , California Roots Music and Arts Festival , and
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#17327872983082926-633: Is below the national average of 12.8% (including Black Hispanics). The Black population peaked in the 1980 Census at 18.4%. Alameda county has the 2nd highest percentage of Black residents in California after Solano County at 13.4%. If Hispanics are treated as a separate category from race, Alameda County's population was 30.4% White , 30.9% Asian , 22.3% Hispanic-Latino , 10.3% Black or African American , 0.5% Some Other Race, 0.3% Native American and Alaskan Native , 0.8% Pacific Islander and 4.4% from two or more races . Asian Americans are now
3059-618: Is found in Monterey's oak-forest and chaparral habitats. The chaparral, found mainly on the city's drier eastern slopes, hosts such plants as manzanita , chamise and ceanothus . Additional species of interest (that is, potential candidates for endangered species status) are the Salinas kangaroo rat and the silver-sided legless lizard. There is a variety of natural habitat in Monterey: littoral zone and sand dunes; closed-cone pine forest ; and Monterey Cypress . There are no dairy farms in
3192-538: Is geographically situated at a similar latitude within California as Death Valley — one of the hottest areas in the world. During winter, snow occasionally falls in the higher elevations of the Santa Lucia Mountains and Gabilan Mountains that overlook Monterey, but snow in Monterey itself is extremely rare. A few unusual events in January 1962, February 1976, and December 1997 brought
3325-496: Is land and 3.3 sq mi (8.5 km ) (28.05%) is water. Sand deposits in the northern coastal area comprise the sole known mineral resources. The city has several distinct districts, such as New Monterey , Del Monte , and Cannery Row . Local soil is Quaternary Alluvium . Common soil series include the Baywood fine sand on the east side, Narlon loamy sand on the west side, Sheridan coarse sandy loam on hilly terrain, and
3458-509: Is licensed in Livermore and broadcasts in the Tri-Valley area. The Independent is a local newspaper founded in September 1963. It is located in the Bank of Italy Building. The Livermore Area Recreation and Park District (LARPD) is a special independent park district that was created by the vote of the public in 1947 and runs the parks and other facilities in the city of Livermore and most of
3591-671: Is now Monterey harbor on December 16, and named it Puerto de Monterrey , in honor of the Conde de Monterrey , then the viceroy of New Spain . Monterrey is an alternate spelling of Monterrei , a municipality in the Galicia region of Spain from which the viceroy and his father (the Fourth Count of Monterrei) originated. Some variants of the city's name are recorded as Monte Rey and Monterey. Monterey Bay had been described earlier by Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo as La Bahia de los Pinos (Bay of
3724-410: Is still known as the Livermore Valley today. Robert Livermore died in 1858. The first significant settlement in the valley was Laddsville , a small settlement of about 75 which had grown up around the hotel established by Alponso Ladd around 1864 on 160 acres of land he bought. After the hotel and a house were initially built, another home, a blacksmith , a saloon , and a general store followed in
3857-620: Is the local government for all unincorporated areas, and provides services such as law enforcement to some incorporated cities under a contract arrangement. It is composed of the elected five-member Alameda County Board of Supervisors (BOS) as the county legislature, several other elected offices and officers including the Sheriff , the District Attorney , Assessor , Auditor-Controller/County Clerk/Recorder , Treasurer/Tax Collector , and numerous county departments and entities under
3990-469: The Atlantic coast of Spain , southeastern Alaska and the western coast of Norway . Summers in Monterey are often cool and foggy. The cold surface waters cause even summer nights to be unusually cool for the latitude; this is in distinct contrast to the much warmer summer days and nights of the U.S. east coast. The extreme moderation of summer temperatures is further underlined by the fact that Monterey
4123-641: The Bay Miwok to the north and the Valley Yokuts to the east. Four tribelets , the Yulien, Ssaoam, Ssouyn, and the Pelnen occupied the valley floor with territory extending into the hills. Semi-permanent villages were located near water drainages at the valley floor within the current urban limits of Livermore with seasonal camps in the surrounding uplands. A Spanish expedition led by Pedro Fages skirted
Livermore, California - Misplaced Pages Continue
4256-617: The Diablo Range , containing the county's highest peaks, cover the very sparsely populated southeast portion of the county. The Hayward Fault , a major branch of the San Andreas Fault to the west, runs through the most populated parts of Alameda County, while the Calaveras Fault runs through the southeastern part of the county. The areas near the Bay itself have a maritime warm-summer Mediterranean climate , whereas behind
4389-564: The Hayward Fault . The county seat was then re-established in the town of Brooklyn from 1872 to 1875. Brooklyn is now part of Oakland , which has been the county seat since 1873. Much of what is now an intensively urban region was initially developed as a trolley car suburb of San Francisco in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. The Key System moved commuters to and from the Key System Mole , where ferries bridged
4522-754: The Livermore Naval Air Station . The primary mission of the base was to train Navy pilots for World War II . This facility operated until it was decommissioned in 1946 after the end of the war. On January 5, 1951, the Bureau of Yards and Docks, U.S. Navy , formally transferred the former NAS Livermore in its entirety to the Atomic Energy Commission (AEC) for use by the University of California's Radiation Laboratory. In 1952,
4655-677: The Livermore Sanitarium was in operation for the treatment of alcoholism and mental disorders; and from 1918 to around 1960, the Arroyo del Valle Sanitarium was in operation in the town for the treatment of tuberculosis . The city once had a slogan "Live Longer with Livermore". In 1909, the Livermore Carnegie Library and Park opened, taking advantage of a Carnegie library grant. As the city grew and larger libraries were needed, other libraries were built, and
4788-578: The Monterey Regional Airport , State Route 1 and major arterial streets such as Munras Avenue, Fremont Street, Del Monte Boulevard, and Camino Aguajito. While most of Monterey is a quiet residential city, a moderate number of people in the northern part of the city are exposed to aircraft noise at levels in excess of 60 dB on the Community Noise Equivalent Level (CNEL) scale. The most intense source
4921-499: The San Jose–San Francisco–Oakland, CA Combined Statistical Area . The county was formed on March 25, 1853, from a large portion of Contra Costa County and a smaller portion of Santa Clara County . The county seat at the time of the county's formation was located at Alvarado , now part of Union City . In 1856, it was moved to San Leandro , where the county courthouse was destroyed by the devastating 1868 quake on
5054-489: The Western Pacific Railroad , which in September 1869 placed a station on the land William Mendenhall had donated. The land for the tracks had already been signed over by Robert Livermore from his ranch in 1855, as surveyors had determined it was the best place to build. The original railroad tracks went from Alameda Terminal to Sacramento over the nearby Altamont Pass in the east and Niles Canyon on
5187-417: The census of 2000, there were 1,443,741 people, 523,366 households, out of which 32.6% had children under the age of 18 living within them, 47.0% married couples living together, 13.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 35.2% were non-families. 26.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 7.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size
5320-536: The hackerspace Robot Garden, which provides public access on weekends. One of California's oldest wine regions, the Livermore Valley American Viticultural Area (AVA) played a pivotal role in shaping California's wine industry. In the 1840s, California pioneers looking for outstanding vineyard sites began planting grapes in the region. Robert Livermore planted the first commercial vines in the 1840s. After California joined
5453-514: The "most important silva ever", and encouraged Samuel F.B. Morse (a century younger than the inventor Samuel F. B. Morse ) of the Del Monte Properties Company to explore the possibilities of preserving the unique forest communities. The dune area is no less important, as it hosts endangered species such as the vascular plants Seaside birds beak , Hickman's potentilla and Eastwood's Ericameria . Rare plants also inhabit
Livermore, California - Misplaced Pages Continue
5586-497: The $ 1.00-$ 3.00 their hides could bring. Livermore's ranch became a popular "first day" stopping point for prospectors and businessmen leaving San Francisco or San Jose and headed for Sacramento and the Mother Lode gold country. Most horse traffic went by way of Altamont Pass just east of Livermore. Because Livermore would offer food and shelter to those passing by, the valley eventually became known as "Livermore's Valley", and
5719-675: The 1880s. Charles Wetmore went to France in 1878 when he was appointed a delegate for the California Viticultural Association to the Paris Exposition. Wetmore was able in 1882 to obtain Semillon, Sauvignon Blanc, and Muscat de Bordelais cuttings from one of the most prestigious vineyards in France, Chateau Yquem. These superior clones helped revitalize the California wine industry. In 1889 Wetmore won
5852-523: The 1950s when the local fishery business collapsed due to overfishing . A few of the old fishermen's cabins from the early 20th century have been preserved as they originally stood along Cannery Row . The city has a noteworthy history as a center for California painters in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Such painters as Arthur Frank Mathews , Armin Hansen , Xavier Martinez , Rowena Meeks Abdy and Percy Gray lived or visited to pursue painting in
5985-689: The 1990s when many people in Bay Area moved farther away from the urban core. The Livermore Valley is located within the Diablo Range , one of several parts of the California Coast Ranges that surround the San Francisco Bay Area . The Livermore Valley has an east–west orientation with mountain passes on the west and east connecting the Bay Area and the Central Valley . The passes are used by railroads and highways to connect
6118-617: The ACFD over the years. 1993 brought in the Castro Valley and Eden Consolidated FD, and the County Fire Patrol. San Leandro joined in 1995, Dublin in 1997, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory in 2002, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory in 2007, The Alameda County Regional Emergency Communications Center in 2008, and Newark and Union City in 2010. Emeryville joined the ACFD in 2012. The Alameda County Water District
6251-610: The Berwick Canyon, Seaside, Tularcitos and Chupines faults. Monterey Bay's maximum credible tsunami for a 100-year interval has been calculated as a wave nine feet (2.7 m) high. The considerable undeveloped area in the northwest part of the city has a high potential for landslides and erosion. The city is adjacent to the Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuary , a federally protected ocean area extending 276 mi (444 km) along
6384-498: The California campus of Sandia National Laboratories opened across East Avenue from LLNL. Both LLNL and Sandia are technically on U.S. government property just outside the city's jurisdiction limits, but with employment at LLNL at about 6,800 and Sandia/California at about 1,150 they are Livermore's largest employers. A number of historic buildings from the 1800s were razed in the 1960s to build fast food and other modern structures in their place. The town grew rapidly in population in
6517-492: The California site of Sandia National Laboratories , the second largest employer in Livermore (employing about 3%). It also describes itself as being focused on "national security". It is managed and operated by a subsidiary of Honeywell International . In 2010, the two National Laboratories, along with other stakeholders, including the University of California, Berkeley , UC Davis , and regional cities, partnered to create
6650-779: The Charter of the County of Alameda. Much of the Government of California is in practice the responsibility of county governments such as the Government of Alameda County, while municipalities such as the City of Oakland and the City of Berkeley provide additional, often non-essential services. The County government provides countywide services such as elections and voter registration, law enforcement, jails, vital records, property records, tax collection, and public health. In addition it
6783-797: The County Administration Building across the street. In the California State Assembly , Alameda County is split between five districts: In the California State Senate , the county is split between three districts: In the United States House of Representatives , the county is split between four districts: Since 1932, Alameda County has been a stronghold of the Democratic Party, with Dwight Eisenhower being
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#17327872983086916-601: The Livermore Valley and into the Altamont range. The Livermore-Amador Valley from 1800 to about 1837 was primarily used as grazing land for the Mission San Jose's growing herds of cattle, sheep and horses. The valley helped San Jose Mission emerge as one of the more wealthy Spanish enclaves. As a result of the secularization of the mission system, in 1839, two large ranchos were created that encompassed
7049-455: The Livermore Valley in the late summer. This can bring high humidity, monsoon clouds, and, much less commonly, thunderstorms. Snow is very rare, but light dustings do occur on the surrounding hills and occasionally in the valley, such as in 2023, 2021, and 2009. The 2010 United States Census reported that Livermore had a population of 80,968. The population density was 3,216.1 inhabitants per square mile (1,241.7/km). The homeowner vacancy rate
7182-603: The Livermore Valley; Rancho Las Positas and Rancho Valle de San Jose . Many Native groups left the San Jose Mission during this period and reestablished themselves in communities in the East Bay, including the Livermore Valley . Because indigenous food resources there were depleted, they tried to support themselves by working as laborers. But as the population grew thanks to the Gold Rush which started in 1848 and
7315-521: The Livermore valley as it heads towards the much hotter Central Valley . This wind is strong enough with an average summer wind speed of about 9 miles per hour (14 km/h) and predictable enough to encourage the use of the wind turbines in the Altamont Pass between the cities of Livermore and Tracy. The period from June to September is extremely dry and is characterized by clear skies. On rare occasion, subtropical moisture occasionally surges into
7448-638: The Mexican government completed the center section in 1827, and the United States government finished the lower end in 1846. On November 24, 1818, Argentine corsair Hippolyte Bouchard landed 7 km (4.3 mi) away from the Presidio of Monterey in a hidden creek . The fort's resistance proved ineffective, and after an hour of combat the Argentine flag flew over it. The Argentines took
7581-531: The Pines). Despite the explorations of Cabrillo and Vizcaino, and despite Spain's frequent trading voyages between Asia and Mexico, the Spanish did not make Monterey Bay into a settled permanent harbor before the 18th century because it was too exposed to rough ocean currents and winds. Despite Monterey's limited use as a maritime port, the encroachments of other Europeans near California in the 18th century prompted
7714-441: The Spanish monarchy to try to better secure the region. As a result, it commissioned the Portola exploration and Alta California mission system. In 1769, the first European land exploration of Alta California , the Spanish Portolá expedition , traveled north from San Diego . They sought Vizcaíno's Port of Monterey, which he had described as "a fine harbor sheltered from all winds" 167 years earlier. The explorers failed to recognize
7847-406: The United States nuclear arsenal. The Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) is the largest employer in Livermore, as of 2022, employing about 15% of the population. LLNL's defining responsibility is to "ensure the safety, security and reliability of the nation’s nuclear deterrent," but it also does a wide variety of other research, including co-discovering livermorium . Livermore is also
7980-420: The United States. In addition, many historic "firsts" occurred in Monterey. These include First theater in California , brick house, publicly funded school, public building, public library, and printing press (which printed The Californian , California's first newspaper.) Larkin House, one of Monterey State Historic Park 's National Historic Landmarks , built in the Mexican period by Thomas Oliver Larkin ,
8113-411: The annual Monterey Jazz Festival . Long before the arrival of Spanish explorers, the Rumsen Ohlone tribe, one of seven linguistically distinct Ohlone groups in California, inhabited the area now known as Monterey. They subsisted by hunting, fishing and gathering food on and around the biologically rich Monterey Peninsula . Researchers have found a number of shell middens in the area and, based on
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#17327872983088246-432: The archaeological evidence, concluded the Ohlone's primary marine food consisted of various types of mussels and abalone . A number of midden sites have been located along about 12 miles (19 km) of rocky coast on the Monterey Peninsula from the current site of Fishermans' Wharf in Monterey to Carmel. The city is named after Monterey Bay . The bay's name was given by Sebastián Vizcaíno in 1602. He anchored in what
8379-529: The area in the 1840s. It is the home of the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory , for which the chemical element livermorium is named (and thus, placing the city's name in the periodic table ). It is also the California site of Sandia National Laboratories , which is headquartered in Albuquerque, New Mexico . Its south side is home to local vineyards , and its downtown district is being redeveloped as of 2024. The United States Census Bureau defines an urban area of Tri-Valley-area cities, with Livermore as
8512-402: The beginning of October) and camped near a small lagoon which has rather muddy water, but abounds in pasture and firewood." Gaspar de Portolá returned by land to Monterey the next year, having concluded that he must have been at Vizcaíno's Port of Monterey after all. The land party was met at Monterey by Junípero Serra , who traveled by sea. Portolá erected the Presidio of Monterey to defend
8645-432: The chaparral: Hickman's onion, Yadon's piperia ( Piperia yadonii ) and Sandmat manzanita. Other rare plants in Monterey include Hutchinson's delphinium , Tidestrom lupine , Gardner's yampah and Knotweed , the latter perhaps already extinct. Monterey's noise pollution has been mapped to define the principal sources of noise and to ascertain the areas of the population exposed to significant levels. Principal sources are
8778-401: The city for six days, during which they stole the cattle and burned the fort, the artillery headquarters, the governor's residence and the Spanish houses. The town's residents were unharmed. Mexico gained independence from Spain in 1821, but the civil and religious institutions of Alta California remained much the same until the 1830s, when the secularization of the missions converted most of
8911-432: The city of Monterey; the semi-hard cheese known as Monterey Jack originated in nearby Carmel Valley, California , and is named after businessman and land speculator David Jacks . The closed-cone pine habitat is dominated by Monterey pine , Knobcone pine and Bishop pine , and contains the rare Monterey manzanita . In the early 20th century the botanist Willis Linn Jepson characterized Monterey Peninsula's forests as
9044-471: The city was 80.8% White, 10.9% Hispanic, 7.4% Asian, 2.5% African American, 0.6% Native American, 0.3% Pacific Islander, 3.9% from other races, and 4.5% from two or more races. There were 12,600 households, out of which 21.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 39.5% were married couples living together, 8.4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 48.6% were non-families. 37.0% of all households consisted of individuals, and 11.0% had
9177-410: The city, including the Greenville Fault , Tesla Fault and the Livermore Fault. The soil is primarily gravel with excellent drainage. The gravel is used in several gravel extraction sites outside the city. The gravelly soil and Mediterranean climate increases the flavor concentration in the grapes planted in the soil. Livermore has a hot-summer Mediterranean climate ( Csa ), although it is close to
9310-434: The coast. Sometimes this sanctuary is confused with the local bay which is also termed Monterey Bay. Soquel Canyon State Marine Conservation Area , Portuguese Ledge State Marine Conservation Area , Pacific Grove Marine Gardens State Marine Conservation Area , Lovers Point State Marine Reserve , Edward F. Ricketts State Marine Conservation Area and Asilomar State Marine Reserve are marine protected areas established by
9443-409: The county and cities within the county which contract with the Sheriff's Office for police services; providing security and law enforcement for county buildings including courthouses, the county jail and other county properties; providing support resources, such as a forensics laboratory and search and rescue capabilities, to other law enforcement agencies throughout the county; and serving the process of
9576-570: The county on the north. Stanislaus County borders the county on the easternmost end of its southern boundary for 250 feet (76 m). A 2014 analysis by The Atlantic found Alameda County to be the fourth most racially diverse county in the United States, in terms of closest to equal representation of each racial and ethnic group,—behind Aleutians West Census Area and Aleutians East Borough in Alaska, and Queens County in New York—as well as
9709-438: The county was $ 55,946, and the median income for a family was $ 65,857 (these figures had risen to $ 66,430 and $ 81,341 respectively as of a 2007 estimate ). Males had a median income of $ 47,425 versus $ 36,921 for females. The per capita income for the county was $ 26,680. About 7.7% of families and 11.0% of the population were below the poverty line , including 13.5% of those under age 18 and 8.1% of those age 65 or over. In 2000,
9842-679: The county's Superior Court system. The District Attorney's office is responsible for prosecuting all criminal violations of the laws of the state of California, the county, or its constituent municipalities, in the Alameda County Superior Court. The current Sheriff is Yesenia Sanchez , who was elected in 2022, succeeding Greg Ahern , who had served in the post for 16 years. The Sheriff's Office operates two jails: Santa Rita Jail in Dublin , and Glenn E. Dyer Detention Facility in downtown Oakland . In 2009, Nancy E. O'Malley
9975-454: The documents necessary to apply to the United States for statehood . Today Colton Hall houses a small museum, while adjacent buildings serve as the seat of local government, and the Monterey post office (opened in 1849). Pioneer Francis Doud built Doud House in the 1860s, situated at the present-day 117 Van Buren Street. The house is one of the earliest and most well-preserved examples of an early wood frame residences in Monterey. Monterey
10108-512: The farming, winegrowing and ranching traditions that have existed in the valley since the time of Robert Livermore, but now largely reflects a suburban population. Since 1918, Livermore has each June hosted the Livermore Rodeo , called the "World's Fastest Rodeo", that claims it has more riders per hour than any other event of its type. There are several wine-tasting tours of the many Livermore area wineries that occur periodically throughout
10241-474: The freezing mark. Combining the records for Monterey and Monterey WFO, the wettest "rain year" on record has been from July 1997 to June 1998 with 47.15 inches or 1,197.6 millimetres of precipitation, and the driest from July 2013 to June 2014 with 7.67 inches or 194.8 millimetres. The most precipitation in one month was 13.73 inches or 348.7 millimetres in February 1998. The record maximum 24-hour precipitation
10374-484: The gap across San Francisco Bay . The historical progression from Native American tribal lands to Spanish then Mexican ranches, then to farms, ranches, and orchards, then to multiple city centers and suburbs, is shared with the adjacent and closely associated Contra Costa County . The Government of Alameda County is defined and authorized under the California Constitution , California law , and
10507-515: The government established Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), named after physicist Ernest O. Lawrence , as the site of a second laboratory for the study of nuclear energy like the research being done at the Los Alamos National Laboratory . The laboratory was run by the University of California . Edward Teller was a co-founder of LLNL and was both its director and associate director for many years. In 1956,
10640-562: The grand prize for his first pressing (1884) in the 1889 Paris Exposition. Wetmore shared these cuttings with other growers, including C. H. Wente, who used the Chateau Yquem grape cuttings to eventually produce their Chateau Wente wine. According to the city's 2022 Annual Comprehensive Financial Report, the top employers in Livermore are: Gillig Corporation , a large manufacturer of buses, moved its factory to Livermore in May 2017 and, at
10773-516: The i-GATE (Innovation for Green Advanced Transportation Excellence) National Energy Systems Technology (NEST) Incubator, part of the Central Valley. The 15,000-square-foot (1,400 m) i-GATE NEST campus was created to stimulate large-scale, high-tech business development drawn by the two labs. Initial focus of the campus was solar energy, fuel cells , biofuels , LED lighting, and other related technologies. i-GATE shares its facilities with
10906-558: The income of the town of Livermore mainly came from wheat. The city also developed as a place for the shipping and processing of products of the valley, including cattle, roses, and white wines, the last especially prominent after the 1880s. Some other contributors to the town's prosperity were coal and oil deposits in the surrounding hills. Coal was first found in Harrisville, and in 1875 the Livermore Coal Company
11039-600: The largest denominational group was the Catholics (with 306,437 adherents). The largest religious bodies were the Catholic Church (with 306,437 members) and Judaism (with 32,500 members). Racial Makeup of Alameda County (2019) Racial Makeup of Alameda County excluding Hispanics from racial categories (2019) NH=Non-Hispanic Racial Makeup of Hispanics in Alameda County (2019) According to 2019 US Census Bureau estimates, Alameda County's population
11172-866: The largest racial/ethnic group at 30.9% (excluding Asian Hispanics). White Non-Hispanic Americans are the largest minority group at 30.4% of the population. By ethnicity, 22.3% of the total population is Hispanic-Latino (of any race) and 77.7% is Non-Hispanic (of any race). If treated as a category separate from race, Hispanics are the third largest minority group in Alameda County. The largest ancestry group of Hispanics in Alameda County (2018) are of Mexican descent (72.9% of Hispanics) followed by Salvadoran descent (5.5% of Hispanics), Guatemalan descent (3.9%), Puerto Rican descent (3.4%), Spaniard descent (2.0%), Nicaraguan descent (1.7%), Peruvian descent (1.4%), Cuban descent (1.2%), Colombian descent (1.1%), and those of other Hispanic ethnicity or of mixed Hispanic ethnicity (6.9%). The following table includes
11305-758: The mission pasture lands into private land grant ranchos . In 1834, the San Carlos Cemetery was officially opened and interred many of the early local families. Monterey was the site of the Battle of Monterey on July 7, 1846, during the Mexican–American War . It was on this date that John D. Sloat , Commodore in the United States Navy , raised the U.S. flag over the Monterey Custom House and claimed California for
11438-430: The most diverse county in California. The 2020 census shows Alameda as having one of the highest Asian percentages and being the only county in the continental US, along with neighboring Santa Clara County, California , to have an Asian plurality - consisting largely of Chinese, Indian and Filipino ancestry. The 2010 United States Census reported that Alameda County had a population of 1,510,271. The population density
11571-433: The mountains, summers are significantly warmer. The climate charts below are for Oakland and inland Livermore . The City and County of San Francisco, California , borders the county on the west, and has a small land border with the city of Alameda, California due to land filling. Santa Clara County borders the county on the south. San Joaquin County borders the county on the east. Contra Costa County borders
11704-543: The number of incidents reported and the rate per 1,000 persons for each type of offense. The Alameda County Office of Education oversees seventeen K–12 school districts and one K–8 district in Alameda County. In all, there are approximately 10,000 teachers serving 225,000 students. The ACOE also services three community college districts with a total enrollment of approximately 55,000 students. Monterey, California Monterey ( / ˌ m ɒ n t ə ˈ r eɪ / MON -tə- RAY ; Spanish : Monterrey )
11837-491: The only Republican presidential nominee to have carried the county since. Prior to 1932, the county had been a Republican stronghold. Piedmont resident William F. Knowland was the Republican U.S. Senate Leader from 1953 to 1959. Even when Ronald Reagan won the national popular vote by an 18.3% margin in 1984 , Walter Mondale won Alameda County by a larger margin. In 2004 it voted for John Kerry , who won over 75% of
11970-534: The only surviving building from the original Monterey Presidio. The city was originally the only port of entry for all taxable goods in California. All shipments into California by sea were required to go through the Custom House , the oldest governmental building in the state and California's Historic Landmark Number One. Built in three phases, the Spanish began construction of the Custom House in 1814,
12103-599: The original site was converted into a historic center and park. The community was primarily agricultural until 1945, and transitioned to a suburb as a result of construction of the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory in 1952 and the Sandia National Laboratories in 1956, and population overflow from the rest of the bay area. In 1942, the U.S. government bought 692 acres (280 ha) of ranch land, and built
12236-499: The pale Tangair sand on hills supporting closed-cone pine habitat. The city is in a moderate to high seismic risk zone, the principal threat being the active San Andreas Fault approximately 26 miles (42 km) to the east. The Monterey Bay fault, which tracks three miles (4.8 km) to the north, is also active, as is the Palo Colorado fault seven miles (11 km) to the south. Also nearby, minor but potentially active, are
12369-460: The place when they came to it on October 1, 1769. The party continued north as far as San Francisco Bay before turning back. On the return journey, they camped near one of Monterey's lagoons on November 27, still not convinced they had found the place Vizcaíno had described. Franciscan missionary Juan Crespí noted in his diary, "We halted in sight of the Point of Pines (recognized, as was said, in
12502-526: The population) lived in households, 2,210 (7.9%) lived in non-institutionalized group quarters, and 293 (1.1%) were institutionalized. There were 12,184 households, out of which 2,475 (20.3%) had children under the age of 18 living in them, 4,690 (38.5%) were opposite-sex married couples living together, 902 (7.4%) had a female householder with no husband present, 371 (3.0%) had a male householder with no wife present. 4,778 households (39.2%) were made up of individuals, and 1,432 (11.8%) had someone living alone who
12635-418: The population) lived in owner-occupied housing units and 15,849 people (57.0%) lived in rental housing units. As of the census of 2000, there were 29,674 people, 12,600 households, and 6,476 families residing in the city. The population density was 3,516.9 inhabitants per square mile (1,357.9/km ). There were 13,382 housing units at an average density of 1,586.0 per square mile (612.4/km ). The racial makeup of
12768-551: The port and, on June 3, 1770, Serra founded the Cathedral of San Carlos Borromeo inside the presidio enclosure. Portolá returned to Mexico, replaced in Monterey by Captain Pedro Fages , who had been third in command on the exploratory expeditions. Fages became the second governor of Alta California, serving from 1770 to 1774. Serra's missionary aims soon came into conflict with Fages and the soldiers, so he relocated and built
12901-496: The present sandstone structure. It was completed in 1794 by Indian labor. In 1840, the chapel was rededicated to the patronage of Saint Charles Borromeo . The cathedral is the oldest continuously operating parish and the oldest stone building in California. It is also the oldest (and smallest) serving cathedral along with St. Louis Cathedral in New Orleans, Louisiana . It is the only existing presidio chapel in California and
13034-465: The principal city: the Livermore– Pleasanton – Dublin , CA urban area had a 2020 population of 240,381, making it the 167th largest in the United States . The valley and upland areas, where contemporary Livermore is located, was home to Chochenyo speaking peoples. As a group, these people are considered Ohlone Costonoan with distinct cultural affiliation in contrast to and closely bordering
13167-530: The same year. The first schoolhouse was built in 1866. Livermore's founder, William Mendenhall , was another landowner in the Livermore Valley, having bought 650 acres of the Santa Rita grant and 608 acres of the Rancho Valle de San José . In 1869, he set aside 100 acres (40 ha) of his land for a townsite , creating a new town which he named Livermore, after his friend Robert Livermore. Livermore
13300-407: The sixth highest "no" vote, by percentage, of all California counties, and was the second largest county, by total voter turnout, to vote against it. According to the U.S. Census Bureau , the county has a total area of 821 square miles (2,130 km ), of which 739 square miles (1,910 km ) is land and 82 square miles (210 km ) (10%) is water. The San Francisco Bay borders the county on
13433-489: The state of California in Monterey Bay. Like underwater parks, these marine protected areas help conserve ocean wildlife and marine ecosystems. The California sea otter , a threatened subspecies, inhabits the local Monterey Bay marine environment, and a field station of The Marine Mammal Center is located in Monterey to support sea rescue operations in this section of the California coast. The rare San Joaquin kit fox
13566-458: The style of either En plein air or Tonalism . Many noted authors have also lived in and around Monterey, including Robert Louis Stevenson , John Steinbeck , Ed Ricketts , Robinson Jeffers , Robert A. Heinlein , and Henry Miller . More recently, Monterey has been recognized for its significant involvement in post-secondary learning of languages other than English and its major role in delivering translation and interpretation services around
13699-437: The summer. Livermore has a strong blue-collar element, as well as many professionals who work at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory and other work sites in the high tech industries within the Bay Area. One of the largest districts in Livermore is Springtown, the northeast area of the city north of Interstate 580 . Originally conceived as a retirement community in the early 1960s, Springtown has slowly transformed into
13832-617: The supervision of the County Administrator. In addition, several entities of the government of California have jurisdiction conterminous with Alameda County, such as the Alameda County Superior Court . The current supervisors are: The Board elects a president who presides at all meetings of the Board and appoints committees to handle work involving the major programs of the county. If the president
13965-603: The third highest-income midsize city, behind only the California cities of Newport Beach ($ 97,428) and Livermore's western neighbor, Pleasanton ($ 101,022). As of October 2019, there were 53,792 registered voters in Livermore; of these, 21,158 (39.93%) are Democrats , 15,061 (28.00%) are Republicans , and 14,499 (26.95%) are independents/decline to state . The Livermore area is the home of two US Department of Energy National Laboratories . The laboratories are known worldwide, and attract significant attention both for their scientific research and for their major roles in developing
14098-609: The time of the move, the company estimated its employment at the new facility to be 800 initially and 850 after the filling of then-open positions. Livermore's largest employers, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory and Sandia National Laboratory are United States Department of Energy National Laboratories , located inside the city limits since 2011, and are included in the above table. Architectural Glass and Aluminum moved its headquarters to Livermore in 2013, with 80 employees. They expanded and changed to 100% employee ownership in 2015. Livermore's culture retains some vestiges of
14231-590: The town had grown and a fire company, churches, a bank, and a library were built. Livermore was officially incorporated by the state as a city in April 1876. During Livermore's early years, before and after it was incorporated, it was well known for large hotels that graced the downtown street corners, before new buildings replaced them. A telephone line connected Livermore to Arroyo Valley by 1886, and electric lights were introduced by 1888. By 1890 Livermore had over 20 miles (32 km) of streets. Livermore originally had
14364-652: The two regions. Livermore Valley is about 15 miles (24 km) long (east to west) and 10 miles (16 km) wide (north to south). Watercourses draining the city of Livermore include Arroyo Mocho , Arroyo Valle , Arroyo Seco and Arroyo Las Positas . The principal aquifer underlying the city is the Mocho Subbasin . According to the United States Census Bureau , the city has a total area of 25.2 square miles (65 km), over 99% of it land. Several local seismic areas of activity lie near
14497-415: The unincorporated areas of eastern Alameda County. LARPD has its own, five-person board of directors that is elected by the citizens to staggered four-year terms. As of 2013, LARPD operates 42 facilities over 1,842 acres (745 ha), with 1,432 acres (580 ha) open space. It runs an extensive selection of classes on a wide variety of subjects. The 2012-2013 operating budget of LARPD was $ 16,393,564 plus
14630-431: The union as the 31st state in 1850, pioneer winemakers C. H. Wente, a first-generation immigrant from Germany (founder of Wente Vineyards ), James Concannon, a first generation Irishman (founder of Concannon Vineyard ), and Charles Wetmore, a Portland, Maine-born pioneer of California (founder of Cresta Blanca Winery ), recognized the area's winegrowing potential and bought land, planted grapes and founded their wineries in
14763-517: The valley was also used as a staging area for raids on Mission San Jose by neighboring tribes in this early period and beyond. During the first seven years of the 1800s, five hundred and two individuals were baptized at Mission San Jose from the four tribelets in the Livermore Valley. In this time, Spanish military conducted raids throughout the East Bay using the valley as a natural corridor for movement. Deaths from measles outbreaks were recorded in Mission San Jose in 1806 which forced recruiting beyond
14896-408: The vote. Every city and town voted Democratic. George H.W. Bush in 1988 was the last Republican to break 30% of the county's vote and Ronald Reagan in 1984 was the last to break 40% of the vote (carrying 40.01%). On November 4, 2008, Alameda County voted 61.92% against Proposition 8 , which won statewide, and which amended the California Constitution to ban same-sex marriage . The county garnered
15029-407: The west. After it was destroyed by a fire in 1871, Laddsville gradually merged into Livermore. The railroad significantly accelerated Livermore's growth, and the incorporation of Laddsville into the city added impetus; the city was officially incorporated by the state on April 1, 1876. At the time the town had a population of about 830 people in 234 buildings. It had 13 saloons. In the early days,
15162-531: The west. The crest of the Berkeley Hills forms part of the northeastern boundary and reaches into the center of the county. A coastal plain several miles wide lines the bay; and is Oakland's most populous region. Livermore Valley lies in the eastern part of the county. Amador Valley abuts the western edge of Livermore Valley and continues west to the Pleasanton Ridge. The ridges and valleys of
15295-580: The western edge of Livermore Valley in 1772. Shortly afterwards, the Spanish Mission of San Jose was founded in 1797 on the slopes of what is modern day Fremont. Mission San Jose viewed the people and land stretching to the east as under their control. Livermore Valley was called the Valley of San Jose by the Friars and actively recruited native peoples of the valley into the mission system. In contrast,
15428-504: The workers on the railroad, it became more and more difficult to find work; by 1906, there were only 28 individuals left, and by 1914 most of the remaining population was gone. Robert Livermore (1799–1858), the namesake of the town, was a British citizen who had jumped from a British merchant sailing ship stopping in Monterey, California . In 1839, the 48,000-acre (19,000 ha) Rancho Las Positas grant, which includes most of Livermore,
15561-560: The world. In November 1995, California Governor Pete Wilson proclaimed Monterey "the Language Capital of the World". On June 7, 2021, the macOS Monterey operating system was presented at Apple's Worldwide Developers Conference (WWDC2021) and named after the Monterey region. According to the United States Census Bureau , the city has an area of 11.7 sq mi (30.4 km ), of which 8.5 sq mi (21.9 km )
15694-399: Was 1.5%; the rental vacancy rate was 4.8%. 56,967 people (70.4% of the population) lived in owner-occupied housing units and 23,491 people (29.0%) lived in rental housing units. According to the 2010 census information, Livermore is the third wealthiest midsize (between 65,000 and 249,999 people) city in the nation. In 2005, the median household income in Livermore was $ 96,632, which ranked it
15827-570: Was 2,047.6 inhabitants per square mile (790.6/km ). The racial makeup of Alameda County was 649,122 (43.0%) White , 190,451 (12.6%) African American , 9,799 (0.6%) Native American , 394,560 (26.1%) Asian (9.7% Chinese, 5.5% Filipino, 4.8% Indian, 2.0% Vietnamese, 1.2% Korean, 0.8% Japanese, 2.2% Other Asian), 12,802 (0.8%) Pacific Islander , 162,540 (10.8%) from other races , and 90,997 (6.0%) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 339,889 persons (22.5%): 16.4% Mexican, 0.8% Puerto Rican, 0.2% Cuban, 5.1% Other Hispanic. As of
15960-410: Was 2.71 and the average family size was 3.31. In the county, the population was spread out, with 24.6% under the age of 18, 9.6% from 18 to 24, 33.9% from 25 to 44, 21.7% from 45 to 64, and 10.2% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 34 years. For every 100 females there were 96.60 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 94.00 males. The median income for a household in
16093-464: Was 3.55 inches or 90.2 millimetres on December 11, 2014. The 2020 United States Census reported that Monterey had a population of 30,218 people, with 12,912 households. The racial makeup of Monterey was 71.9% White, 3.7% African American, 0.9% Native American, 7.3% Asian, 0.3% Pacific Islander, and 7.9% from two or more races. Hispanics or Latinos of any race made up 19.0% of the population. The 2010 United States Census reported that Monterey had
16226-403: Was 36.9 years. For every 100 females, there were 101.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 100.6 males. There were 13,584 housing units at an average density of 1,154.7 per square mile (445.8/km ), of which 4,360 (35.8%) were owner-occupied, and 7,824 (64.2%) were occupied by renters. The homeowner vacancy rate was 2.0%; the rental vacancy rate was 6.5%. 9,458 people (34.0% of
16359-689: Was 38.8% White (30.4% Non-Hispanic White and 8.4% Hispanic White ), 10.7% Black or African American , 31.1% Asian , 11.5% Some Other Race, 0.8% Native American and Alaskan Native , 0.8% Pacific Islander and 6.4% from two or more races . The White population continues to remain the largest racial category in Alameda County and includes the 37.7% of Hispanics who self-identify as White. The remainder of Hispanics self-identify as Other Race (49.2%), Multiracial (8.7%), American Indian and Alaskan Native (1.9%), Black (1.5%), Asian (0.9%), and Hawaiian and Pacific Islander (0.2%). The Black population continues to decline and at 10.7% (including Black Hispanics )
16492-416: Was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.08. There were 5,963 families (48.9% of all households); the average family size was 2.81. The population was spread out, with 4,266 people (15.3%) under the age of 18, 3,841 people (13.8%) aged 18 to 24, 8,474 people (30.5%) aged 25 to 44, 6,932 people (24.9%) aged 45 to 64, and 4,297 people (15.5%) who were 65 years of age or older. The median age
16625-415: Was also in Livermore in 1885, and was producing an extensive line of bricks and employing over 100 men. Private grade schools were operating in Livermore from the 1860s on. The Livermore Collegiate Institute was founded in 1870, and Union High School (later called Livermore High School ) graduated its first class of students in 1896. There was an old bullfight ring that survived until at least 1870. By 1876
16758-416: Was appointed Alameda County district attorney after Tom Orloff retired. She served two terms and did not run for reelection in 2022. Pamela Price was elected as district attorney in 2022. The Alameda County Fire Department (ACFD) was formed on July 1, 1993, as a dependent district, with the Board of Supervisors as its governing body. Municipal and specialized fire departments have been consolidated into
16891-427: Was formed. Extensive deposits of coal were also mined in the nearby Corral Hollow, which was briefly the largest coal producer in California between 1895 and 1905. The ghost towns of Tesla and Carnegie were satellite towns of Livermore at the time. Livermore's wine industry grew after the 1880s, and it became notable for wineries like Wente Vineyards , Concannon Vineyards , and Cresta Blanca Winery . Since it has
17024-470: Was incorporated in 1890. Thomas Albert Work built several of the buildings in Monterey, including the three-story Del Mar hotel in 1895, at the corner of Sixteenth, and in 1900, bought into the First National Bank in Monterey, acquiring it in 1906. He was president of the bank for more than 20 years. Monterey had long been famous for the abundant fishery in Monterey Bay. That changed in
17157-736: Was made to ranchers Robert Livermore and Jose Noriega . In the early 1840s Livermore moved his family from the Sunol Valley to the Rancho Las Positas grant, as the second non-native family to settle in the Livermore valley area. In 1847, after the Americans took control of California and gold was discovered in 1848, he started making money by selling California longhorn cattle to the thousands of hungry California Gold Rush miners who soon arrived. The non-Indian population skyrocketed, and cattle were suddenly worth much more than
17290-444: Was opened in Livermore in 2001. In 2019, a local LGBT organization, Livermore Pride, was founded. On its leadership team is Brittni Kiick, the city's vice mayor and first openly LGBTQ+ councilmember. Livermore was one of 10 cities to be awarded an All-America City Award during the annual National Civic League ceremony for 2021. The theme of the 2021 awards was "Building Equitable and Resilient Communities." The Livermore Public Library has
17423-548: Was originally the only port of entry for all taxable goods in California. In 1846, during the Mexican–American War of 1846–1848, the United States Flag was raised over the Customs House . After Mexico ceded California to the U.S. at the end of the war, Monterey hosted California's first constitutional convention in 1849. The city occupies a land area of 8.466 sq mi (21.93 km ) and City Hall
17556-531: Was originally used to describe the Arroyo de la Alameda; the willow and sycamore trees along the banks of the river reminded the early Spanish explorers of a road lined with trees. Although a strict translation to English might be "Poplar Grove Creek", the name of the principal stream that flows through the county is now simply " Alameda Creek ". Alameda County is part of the San Francisco–Oakland–Berkeley, CA Metropolitan Statistical Area , and
17689-433: Was platted and registered on November 4, 1869, as a railroad town . By that time, the valley had already become known as Livermore's Valley. He had first met Livermore while marching through the valley with John C. Fremont 's California Battalion in 1846 as they were recruited to occupy the surrendering Californio towns captured by the U.S. Navy 's Pacific Squadron . He also donated 20 acres (8.1 ha) of this land to
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