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58-561: The forest is located primarily in eastern Tuolumne County , adjacent to the northwestern part of Yosemite National Park , but parts of it extend (in descending order of forestland area) into Southern Alpine County , Northern Mariposa County and Eastern Calaveras County . Forest headquarters are located in Sonora, California . There are local ranger district offices in Groveland , Hathaway Pines , and Pinecrest . The Emigrant Wilderness

116-521: A bench," sculpted by Jim Callahan, was unveiled at Sonoma Plaza in June 2017, with a plaque describing in English and Spanish the many roles Vallejo played as a Spanish, Mexican, and American leader. Actor George J. Lewis was cast as General Vallejo in the 1956 episode "The Bear Flag," on the syndicated television anthology series Death Valley Days , hosted by Stanley Andrews . The segment focused on

174-455: A captain who served under Hernan Cortés and an admiral, Alonso Vallejo, said to be the commander of the ship which brought Columbus back to Spain as a prisoner in 1500. However, these ancestors were probably only a family mythology. Ignacio himself had been a well considered sergeant ( sargento distinguido ) at the Presidio of Monterey , who eventually served as Alcalde of San José . As

232-614: A group of soldiers against the Miwoks , under chief Estanislao . After a three-day battle, Vallejo's troops forced the Miwok to flee to Mission San José , seeking refuge with the padres. In 1831 Vallejo participated in the "emergency installation" of Pío Pico as acting Governor. Vallejo became the Commander of the Presidio of San Francisco in 1833, oversaw the secularization of Mission San Francisco Solano . Mission San Francisco Solano

290-423: A household in the county was $ 38,725, and the median income for a family was $ 44,327. Males had a median income of $ 35,373 versus $ 25,805 for females. The per capita income for the county was $ 21,015. About 8.1% of families and 11.4% of the population were below the poverty line , including 16.2% of those under age 18 and 4.0% of those age 65 or over. The Government of Tuolumne County is established and defined by

348-631: A permanent return to Sacramento. Vallejo, the city that was named after the General, was once home of the Coast Miwok as well as Suisunes and other Patwin Native American tribes. There are three confirmed Native American sites located in the rock outcrops in the hills above Blue Rock Springs Park. The California Archaeological Inventory has indicated that the three Indian sites are located on Sulphur Springs Mountain. General Vallejo

406-424: A teenager, Mariano, his nephew Juan Bautista Alvarado (1809–1882), and José Castro (1808–1860) received special instruction from Governor Pablo Vicente de Solá . The boys received government documents and newspapers from Mexico City, as well as access to the governor's personal library. Vallejo then worked as a clerk for English merchant William Hartnell , who taught Vallejo English, French, and Latin . Vallejo

464-565: Is in California's 5th congressional district , represented by Republican Tom McClintock . In the state legislature Tuolumne is in the 8th Assembly district, which is held by Republican Jim Patterson and the 4th Senate district, which is held by Republican Marie Alvarado-Gill. The population ranking of the following table is based on the 2010 census of Tuolumne County. † county seat Mariano Vallejo Don Mariano Guadalupe Vallejo (July 4, 1807 – January 18, 1890)

522-682: Is in the history books as a person who "fought for the rights of the Native Americans", but also one who would "go out on raids into Indian territory to bring back new workers". Although the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo formally protected the legal rights of Mexicans now part of the United States, a long legal challenge to Vallejo's land title cost him thousands of dollars in legal fees and finally deprived him of almost all his land and farm animals. Most Californios could not afford

580-938: Is located entirely within its boundaries. Portions of the Carson-Iceberg Wilderness , including the Dardanelles Cone , and the Mokelumne Wilderness are also within the Stanislaus National Forest. It contains 78 lakes and 811 miles (1,305.2 km) of rivers and streams. It has 1,100 miles (1,770.3 km) of non-motorized trails and 2,859 miles (4,601.1 km) of roads, 188 miles (302.6 km) of which are paved. The forest contains some 139,000 acres (560 km) of old growth , which includes Lodgepole Pine ( Pinus contorta ), Jeffrey Pine ( Pinus jeffreyi ) and White Fir ( Abies concolor ). The proximity of

638-506: Is water. A California Department of Forestry document reports Tuolumne County's 1,030,812 acres (4,171.55 km ) include federal lands such as Yosemite National Park, Stanislaus National Forest , Bureau of Land Management lands, and Indian reservations. Notable landforms in the county include Table Mountain . Special districts in Tuolumne County include: Tuolumne County Transit bus routes radiate from Sonora to serve most of

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696-519: The 1st Battalion of Native Cavalry, California Volunteers , and he served as far east as Arizona, but did not have a battlefield role in the Civil War . He resigned in 1865 after the war and returned to his ranch in Napa. Encarnacion Vallejo (1809–1902), the General's sister, married John B.R. Cooper , who was the grantee of Rancho Nicasio and other properties. María Paula Rosalia Vallejo (1811–1889),

754-566: The County of Tuolumne , is a county located in the U.S. state of California . As of the 2020 census , the population was 55,620. The county seat and only incorporated city is Sonora . Tuolumne County comprises the Sonora, CA Micropolitan Statistical Area . The county is in the Sierra Nevada region. The northern half of Yosemite National Park is located in the eastern part of

812-915: The Merced River along the southern boundary. Two ski resorts, Dodge Ridge and Bear Valley , operate here under a special use permit. The Rim Fire was ignited on the Stanislaus National Forest in August 2013, and eventually grew to become the third-largest fire in California history. The fire was named after the Rim of the World Vista on California State Route 120 , where the fire was initially reported. Tuolumne County, California 38°01′N 119°56′W  /  38.02°N 119.94°W  / 38.02; -119.94 Tuolumne County ( / t u ˈ ɒ l əm i / ), officially

870-627: The Presidio of Sonoma to counter the Russian presence at Fort Ross . Vallejo transferred most of the soldiers from San Francisco to Sonoma, and began construction of his two-story Casa Grande adobe on the town plaza. He formed an alliance with Sem-Yeto, also known as Chief Solano of the Suisunes tribe, providing Vallejo with over a thousand Suisunes allies during his conflicts with other tribes. Governor Figueroa died in September 1835, and

928-687: The U.S. Navy submarine USS  Mariano G. Vallejo  (SSBN-658) were named in his honor. Vallejo's Rancho Petaluma Adobe is now preserved in the Petaluma Adobe State Historic Park as a National Historic Landmark . His home in Sonoma, California , where he and his wife lived for more than 35 years, now serves as a museum and cultural center as part of the Sonoma State Historic Park . A "life-size bronze likeness of" General Vallejo "sitting on

986-459: The census of 2000, there were 54,501 people, 21,004 households, and 14,240 families residing in the county. The population density was 9/km (23/sq mi). There were 28,336 housing units at an average density of 5/km (13/sq mi). The racial makeup of the county was 89.5% White , 2.1% Black or African American , 1.8% Native American , 0.7% Asian , 0.2% Pacific Islander , 2.9% from other races , and 2.8% from two or more races. 8.2% of

1044-539: The "Free State of Alta California", while Alvarado was named Governor. The Federal Government in Mexico City would later endorse Vallejo and Alvarado's actions and confirm their new positions. In 1840, Isaac Graham allegedly began agitating for a Texas-style revolution in California, in March issuing a notice for a planned horse race that was loosely construed into being a plot for revolt. Alvarado notified Vallejo of

1102-633: The 'Bear Flag,' they thought that they were dealing with robbers and took the steps they thought most effective for the protection of their lives and property. Vallejo, his French secretary Victor Prudon, his brother Salvador Vallejo , and their brother-in-law Jacob P. Leese were taken as prisoners to John C. Frémont 's camp in the Central Valley . Vallejo was confident that the insurgents were acting under Fremont's orders and had no reason to doubt that as soon as he met Fremont (whom he regarded as his friend), he and his companions would be released, so

1160-586: The California Constitution and is a five-member elected Board Of Supervisors who serve four year elected terms. The government provides services such as elections and voter registration, law enforcement, jails, vital records, property records, tax collection, public health, and social services. The Board is government for all unincorporated areas. Sonora is the only incorporated city in Tuolumne County. The Tuolumne County Sheriff provides court protection, jail administration, and coroner services for

1218-693: The Chapel of the Presidio of San Diego . Francisca, born August 23, 1815, in San Diego, was one of twelve children of Joaquin Carrillo and María Ygnacia López . The Carrillo family of California was one of the leading families in San Diego. When Vallejo settled in Sonoma, his widowed mother-in-law, María Ygnacia López de Carrillo, was granted the nearby Rancho Cabeza de Santa Rosa in what is now Santa Rosa, California , and settled there with her children. By

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1276-501: The General's sister, married Jacob P. Leese grantee of Rancho Huichica and other properties. José de Jesús Vallejo (1798–1882), the General's elder brother, was the grantee of Rancho Arroyo de la Alameda . María Isidora Vallejo (1792–1830), the General's sister, married Mariano de Jesús Soberanes. Their daughter María Ygnacia Soberanes married Dr. Edward Turner Bale grantee of Rancho Carne Humana . On March 6, 1832, Mariano Vallejo married Francisca Benicia Carrillo (1815–1891) in

1334-574: The General's younger brother, received his commission in the Mexican army in 1835, and was appointed Captain of militia at Sonoma in 1836. In 1838 he was grantee of Rancho Napa ; in 1839 of Salvador's Ranch, and in 1844 he and his brother Antonio Juan Vallejo (1816–1857) were grantees of Rancho Lupyomi . Salvador Vallejo also claimed Rancho Yajome . In 1863 he was commissioned a Major in the Union Army by Governor Stanford . Major Vallejo organized

1392-507: The Mexican authorities and Governor Alvarado (who feared his uncle was plotting to overthrow him), John Sutter purchased the fort. This economic and military setback confirmed Vallejo's belief that it would be better if California was no longer ruled from Mexico City . Although both France and the United Kingdom expressed interest in acquiring Alta California, Vallejo believed the best hope for economic and cultural development lay with

1450-463: The Presidio, Governor Gutiérrez surrendered on November 5, 1836. On November 7, Alvarado wrote to his uncle Mariano, informing Vallejo he had claimed to be acting under Vallejo's orders and asking him to come to Monterey to take part in the government. Vallejo came to Monterey as a hero, and on November 29, the diputación promoted Vallejo from alférez to colonel and named him Comandante General of

1508-660: The Southwest and Northeast corners of the county respectively. The following table includes the number of incidents reported and the rate per 1,000 persons for each type of offense. The 2010 United States Census reported that Tuolumne County had a population of 55,365. The racial makeup of Tuolumne County was 48,274 (87.2%) White , 1,143 (2.1%) African American , 1,039 (1.9%) Native American , 572 (1.0%) Asian , 76 (0.1%) Pacific Islander , 2,238 (4.0%) from other races , and 2,023 (3.7%) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 5,918 persons (10.7%). As of

1566-673: The Stanislaus National Forest to the San Francisco Bay Area makes it a popular recreation destination. The volcanic and granite formations in the wilderness exist alongside heavy cattle grazing. Whitewater rafting and kayaking can be found in the wild and scenic Tuolumne River and Cherry Creek . Other rivers flowing out of the Stanislaus include the Clavey River , the Stanislaus River , as well as

1624-441: The United States. In November 1841, Vallejo was meeting with José Castro at Mission San José when he was informed of the arrival in California of an immigrant party led by John Bidwell and John Bartleson. Half of the group was staying with Dr. John Marsh north of Mount Diablo , while the rest had continued on to San José . They were arrested before reaching the pueblo for illegally entering Mexico and brought to Vallejo at

1682-721: The county. The name Tuolumne is of Native American origin and has been given different meanings, such as Many Stone Houses, The Land of Mountain Lions, and Straight Up Steep, the latter an interpretation of William Fuller , a native Chief. Mariano Vallejo , in his report to the first California State Legislature , said that the word is "a corruption of the Native American word talmalamne which signifies 'cluster of stone wigwams.'" The name may mean "people who dwell in stone houses," i.e., in caves. Tuolumne County Boundaries One of California's original 27 counties, Tuolumne

1740-508: The county. In Columbia, a connection can be made to Calaveras County Transit. There is no public transportation into or out of Tuolumne County that connects to any of the closest metropolitan areas. Yosemite Area Regional Transportation System (YARTS) makes a single daily round trip from Sonora into Yosemite Valley during the summer months. Columbia Airport and Pine Mountain Lake Airport are both general aviation airports located in

1798-536: The early morning of June 14, 1846, Mariano Guadalupe Vallejo was taken prisoner by a ragtag band of Americans, led by William B. Ide , who had decided to emulate the Texans by revolting against California's Mexican government. They later made and raised an improvised flag featuring a grizzly bear that some viewers mistook for a pig. Instead of resisting, Vallejo, who favored the American takeover of California, invited

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1856-670: The entire county. It provides patrol and detective services for the unincorporated areas of the county. Within the city limits of Sonora, patrol and detective services are served by the Sonora Police Department. Tuolumne county tends to vote Republican in Presidential and congressional elections. The last Democrat to win the county was Bill Clinton in 1992 . In the 2008 presidential election , 14,988 votes were counted for John McCain with former president Barack Obama receiving 11,532 votes. Tuolumne County

1914-523: The establishment of Alpine County to the northeast. With the State's Adoption of the Political Code in 1872 the current boundaries of Tuolumne County were largely established as shown in the maps below. According to the U.S. Census Bureau , the county has a total area of 2,274 square miles (5,890 km ), of which 2,221 square miles (5,750 km ) is land and 54 square miles (140 km ) (2.4%)

1972-437: The fort. After agreeing to remain neutral during the remainder of the war with Mexico, Mariano was released on August 2, 1846, after "John Murphy had arrived at Sutter's Fort with Stockton's new orders on August 1," and arrived at Casa Grande a day or two later, weighing only 96 pounds. Salvador Vallejo and Jacob P. Leese were released about a week later. By the time of his release, Mariano was still uncertain about his stance in

2030-485: The immigrants detained in the mission and to give Marsh passports for those camped on his rancho. In 1842, the Federal Government replaced Vallejo and his nephew Alvarado with Manuel Micheltorena as both civil and military Governor of Alta California. Micheltorena arrived with the batallón fijo , a force of 300 pardoned criminals, who out of desperation at not being paid began to loot the population. In

2088-593: The legal expenses to claim their lands, which were thus lost to wealthy Americans and the flood of immigrants, beginning with the Gold Rush , which left the Californios outnumbered and unable to protect their political power. At some time prior to 1869, Vallejo gave the Mexican land grant Rancho Suscol to his daughter, Epifania Guadalupe Vallejo, April 3, 1851, as a wedding present, when she married General John B. Frisbie . Jose Manuel Salvador Vallejo (1813–1876),

2146-690: The mission church later was torn down. In need of a church for the town he made, in 1840 Vallejo had a small chapel built where the original parish church was. He founded the town of Sonoma , and was granted Rancho Petaluma by Governor José Figueroa in 1834. In 1835 he was appointed Comandante of the Fourth Military District and Director of Colonization of the Northern Frontier, the highest military command in Northern California . Vallejo began construction of

2204-487: The mission. Vallejo's orders from Mexico City were clear. Americans entering Mexico without valid passports were to be sent back to the United States. However, after the Graham affair, Vallejo was reluctant to deport another group of Americans , especially those with skills useful for colonizing the northern frontier. These reasons, coupled with his disillusionment with the Mexican government , led Vallejo to grant passports to

2262-541: The nearby city of Benicia is named after his wife (née Francisca Benicia Carrillo ). Mariano Vallejo was born in Monterey, California , the eighth of thirteen children and third son of Ignacio Vicente Ferrer Vallejo (1748–1832) and María Antonia Lugo (1776–1855). There is controversy over Vallejo's exact date of birth. According to Vallejo, and his family bible, he was born on 7 July 1807. His baptismal certificate, however, signed by Fr. Baltasar Carnicer states that he

2320-446: The population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. 94.7% spoke English and 3.5% Spanish as their first language. There were 21,004 households, out of which 26.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 54.4% were married couples living together, 9.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 32.2% were non-families. 26.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 11.70% had someone living alone who

2378-484: The prospect of being sent to Sutter's Fort did not worry him much. However, Frémont ordered they be kept prisoners in Sutter's Fort . Conditions for the prisoners were good, until Frémont discovered they were well fed and allowed to walk around the fort several times a day. He replaced the jailer, instructing the replacement to treat them "no better than any other prisoner". Mariano contracted malaria while being held at

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2436-533: The rebels inside his quarters in the Casa Grande for a meal and drinks. The Americans proceeded to get drunk while negotiating with Vallejo a letter of capitulation that guaranteed that neither Vallejo nor his family would be taken prisoner, which he unopposedly signed. However, when the agreement was presented to those outside they refused to endorse it. Rather than releasing the Mexican officers under parole they insisted they be held as hostages. Although Vallejo

2494-638: The remaining prisoners and began a court martial against Castro. Also assisting in the release of those caught up in the Graham Affair was American traveler Thomas J. Farnham . In 1841, Graham and 18 of his associates returned to Monterey, with new passports issued by the Mexican Federal Government. Also in 1841, the Russians at Fort Ross offered to sell the post to Vallejo. After several months of negotiations and delays by

2552-592: The situation, and in April the Californian military began arresting American and English immigrants, eventually detaining about 100 in the Presidio of Monterey. At the time, there were fewer than 400 foreigners from all nations in the department. Vallejo returned to Monterey and ordered Castro to take 47 of the prisoners to San Blas by ship, to be deported to their home countries. Under pressure from British and American diplomats, President Anastasio Bustamante released

2610-591: The sons of the Great Republic, whose enterprising spirit had filled us with admiration. Ill-advisedly, however, as some say, or dominated by a desire to rule without let or hindrance, as others say, they placed themselves under the shelter of a flag that pictured a bear, an animal that we took as the emblem of rapine and force. This mistake was the cause of all the trouble, for when the Californians saw parties of men running over their plains and forests under

2668-538: The state's Constitutional Convention , he was elected as a member of the first session of the State Senate in 1850. In 1843, he had been deeded title to Rancho Suscol . In 1850, he offered to donate 156 acres (0.6 km ) of that land to the new state government on which to build a capitol away from its cramped quarters in San Jose and also offered to pay for a considerable amount of the construction. The offer

2726-497: The time of his death on January 18, 1890, Vallejo led a modest lifestyle on the last vestige of his once vast landholdings at his Lachryma Montis home in Sonoma, California . A few days after the first anniversary of her husband's death, Francisca Benicia Carrillo de Vallejo died on January 30, 1891. He is interred at the Mountain Cemetery in Sonoma . The city of Vallejo, California , founded by his son-in-law, and

2784-555: The war. Because of his belief that California would thrive better with the United States, and that at this time, the Americans were in complete control of the northern area of California, he eventually sided with them. At his home, he showed his allegiance by burning his Mexican uniform in a dignified manner . Once the United States defeated Mexico in the war, Vallejo proved his allegiance to his new country by persuading wealthy Californios to accept American rule. An influential member of

2842-454: Was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.36 and the average family size was 2.82. In the county, the population was spread out, with 20.7% under the age of 18, 7.6% from 18 to 24, 25.3% from 25 to 44, 27.9% from 45 to 64, and 18.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 43 years. For every 100 females there were 111.50 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 112.20 males. The median income for

2900-529: Was a Californio general, statesman, and public figure. He was born a subject of Spain , performed his military duties as an officer of the Republic of Mexico , and shaped the transition of Alta California from a territory of Mexico to the U.S. state of California . He served in the first session of the California State Senate . The city of Vallejo, California , is named after him, and

2958-529: Was accepted by the new state legislature and signed into law by Governor John McDougall , convening in Vallejo , as the new city was named, for the first time in 1851. However, construction lagged, and state bureaucrats were confronted with inadequate, leaky buildings and a soggy location. Within three years, the state legislature and newly elected Governor John Bigler had authorized the capital's relocation three more times, to Sacramento , Benicia and finally

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3016-408: Was baptized on 5 July 1807, and born the previous night (4 July 1807). Other sources state a birthdate of 7 July 1808. Mariano Guadalupe Vallejo's parents were at Santa Barbara Mission February 18, 1791. His paternal grandparents were Gerónimo Vallejo and Antonia Gómez, and his maternal grandparents were Francisco Lugo and Juana María Rita Martínez. His father's great grandfather, Pedro Vallejo,

3074-497: Was organized in 1850. Prior to the official naming of counties by the state, Tuolumne was sometimes referred to as Oro County. The original lines of Tuolumne County were not long established. In 1854 and 1855 the portion of Tuolumne County that extended west into the San Joaquin Valley was reorganized as Stanislaus County. In 1864 a number of the original counties including Tuolumne contributed lands that would lead to

3132-470: Was replaced by Nicolás Gutiérrez , who was unpopular with the Californio population, resulting in an uprising headed by Juan Alvarado the next year. Alvarado tried to persuade Vallejo to join the uprising, but he declined to become involved. One hundred-seventy Californios led by José Castro and fifty Americans led by Isaac Graham marched on Monterey. After the rebels fired a single cannon shot into

3190-468: Was said to have served as viceroy of New Spain, although his name does not appear on the list of viceroys . Other documents show his paternal great grandfather to be Jose Inocencio Vallejo y Olvera Gordivar instead. Born 1656 in Tapatitlan de Morelos and died in 1770, father of Juan Lucas Vallejo de Cornejo y Ramirez (1688-1713), father of Geronimo Vallejo. Earlier Vallejo ancestors were said to include

3248-429: Was serving as the personal secretary to the new Governor of California, Luis Argüello , when news of Mexico's independence reached Monterey. Argüello enrolled Vallejo as a cadet in the Presidio company in 1824. After being promoted to corporal , Argüello appointed Vallejo to the diputación , the territorial legislature . He was promoted to alférez (equal to a modern army second lieutenant), and in 1829, Vallejo led

3306-476: Was sympathetic to the advent of American rule, he deemed the perpetrators of the Bear Flag Revolt to be mere lowlife rabble. As he wrote in his five-volume history, if the men who hoisted the ' Bear Flag ' had raised the flag that Washington sanctified by his abnegation and patriotism, there would have been no war on the Sonoma frontier, for all our minds were prepared to give a brotherly embrace to

3364-511: Was taken over by General Mariano Guadalupe Vallejo. At first he gave some of the land to the native mission workers as ordered. But later he transferred all the land and building to own Rancho Petaluma Adobe of 44,000 acres in the Petaluma Valley. Vallejo laid out the town of Sonoma in 1835. He had a large plaza made in front of the old mission chapel. But then he took tiles from the church roof and put them on his own house. In poor shape

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