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93-645: Star Wars Rebels is an American 3D animated science fiction television series produced by Lucasfilm Animation and set in the Star Wars universe. It takes place 14 years after Star Wars: Episode III – Revenge of the Sith (2005) and progresses toward the events of the original Star Wars film (1977). It depicts the Galactic Empire hunting down the last of the Jedi while a fledgling rebellion against

186-464: A 3D model is intended to be a solid color, it must be painted with " textures " for realism. A bone/joint animation system is set up to deform the CGI model (e.g., to make a humanoid model walk). In a process known as rigging , the virtual marionette is given various controllers and handles for controlling movement. Animation data can be created using motion capture , or keyframing by a human animator, or

279-667: A 3D model kit of the Ghost ship, and a preview of season 1. The Complete Season One of Star Wars Rebels was released by Walt Disney Studios Home Entertainment on DVD and Blu-ray on September 1, 2015, in America, and in Germany on September 10, 2015. The Season 1 collection contains the expanded version of Spark of Rebellion with the Darth Vader / Grand Inquisitor prologue shown on ABC-TV. The Complete Season Two of Star Wars Rebels

372-400: A character's arms can have a skeleton applied, and the joints can have transformation and rotation keyframes set. The movement of the arm joints will then cause the arm shape to deform. 3D animation software interpolates between keyframes by generating a spline between keys plotted on a graph which represents the animation. Additionally, these splines can follow bezier curves to control how

465-599: A combination of the two. 3D models rigged for animation may contain thousands of control points — for example, "Woody" from Toy Story uses 700 specialized animation controllers. Rhythm and Hues Studios labored for two years to create Aslan in the movie The Chronicles of Narnia: The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe , which had about 1,851 controllers (742 in the face alone). In the 2004 film The Day After Tomorrow , designers had to design forces of extreme weather with

558-460: A computer - such fluid simulation . 'CG' Animators can break physical laws by using mathematical algorithms to cheat mass , force and gravity , and more. Fundamentally, computer-generated animation is a powerful tool which can improve the quality of animation by using the power of computing to unleash the animator's imagination. This is because Computer Generated Animation allows for things like onion skinning which allows 2D animators to see

651-492: A computer and an animation software. Some impressive animation can be achieved even with basic programs; however, the rendering can require much time on an ordinary home computer. Professional animators of movies, television and video games could make photorealistic animation with high detail. This level of quality for movie animation would take hundreds of years to create on a home computer. Instead, many powerful workstation computers are used; Silicon Graphics said in 1989 that

744-431: A computer animation called " Kitty " was created with BESM -4 by Nikolai Konstantinov, depicting a cat moving around. In 1971, a computer animation called "Metadata" was created, showing various shapes. An early step in the history of computer animation was the sequel to the 1973 film Westworld , a science-fiction film about a society in which robots live and work among humans. The sequel, Futureworld (1976), used

837-414: A concept artist takes commitment, vision, and a clear understanding of the role. While it is necessary to have the skills of a fine artist, a concept artist must also be able to work under strict deadlines in the capacity of a graphic designer . Some concept artists may start as fine artists, industrial designers, animators, or even special effects artists. Interpretation of ideas and how they are realized

930-415: A highly polished piece is needed in a short amount of time. Concept art has always had to cover many subjects, being the primary medium in film poster design since the early days of Hollywood , but the two most widely covered areas are science fiction and fantasy . Since the recent rise of its use in video game production, concept art has expanded to cover genres from fantasy to realistic depending on

1023-477: A new similar image but advanced slightly in time (usually at a rate of 24, 25, or 30 frames/second). This technique is identical to how the illusion of movement is achieved with television and motion pictures . To trick the visual system into seeing a smoothly moving object, the pictures should be drawn at around 12 frames per second or faster (a frame is one complete image). With rates above 75 to 120 frames per second, no improvement in realism or smoothness

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1116-504: A process known as tweening . However, in 3D computer animation, this is done automatically, and is called interpolation . Finally, the animation is rendered and composited . Before becoming a final product, 3D computer animations only exist as a series of moving shapes and systems within 3d software, and must be rendered . This can happen as a separate process for animations developed for movies and short films, or it can be done in real-time when animated for videogames. After an animation

1209-509: A raster graphic alternative to animated GIF files that enables multi-level transparency not available in GIFs. Computer animation uses different techniques to produce animations. Most frequently, sophisticated mathematics is used to manipulate complex three-dimensional polygons , apply " textures ", lighting and other effects to the polygons and finally rendering the complete image. A sophisticated graphical user interface may be used to create

1302-404: A similar manner to those who use the commercial grade equipment. The realistic modeling of human facial features is both one of the most challenging and sought after elements in computer-generated imagery. Computer facial animation is a highly complex field where models typically include a very large number of animation variables. Historically speaking, the first SIGGRAPH tutorials on State of

1395-414: A simplified representation of a character's anatomy, which is analogous to a skeleton or stick figure . They are arranged into a default position known as a bind pose , or T-Pose. The position of each segment of the skeletal model is defined by animation variables, or Avars for short. In human and animal characters, many parts of the skeletal model correspond to the actual bones, but skeletal animation

1488-769: Is a career path which involves separate workflows, and different software and tools. The combination of all or some 3D computer animation disciplines is commonly referred to within the animation industry as the 3D animation pipeline. 2D computer graphics are still used for stylistic, low bandwidth, and faster real-time renderings . Computer animation is essentially a digital successor to stop motion techniques, but using 3D models, and traditional animation techniques using frame-by-frame animation of 2D illustrations. For 2D figure animations, separate objects (illustrations) and separate transparent layers are used with or without that virtual skeleton. In 2D computer animation, moving objects are often referred to as " sprites ." A sprite

1581-422: Is a digital successor to stop motion and traditional animation . Instead of a physical model or illustration, a digital equivalent is manipulated frame-by-frame. Also, computer-generated animations allow a single graphic artist to produce such content without using actors, expensive set pieces, or props . To create the illusion of movement, an image is displayed on the computer monitor and repeatedly replaced by

1674-458: Is also used to animate other things, with facial features (though other methods for facial animation exist). The character "Woody" in Toy Story , for example, uses 712 Avars (212 in the face alone). The computer does not usually render the skeletal model directly (it is invisible), but it does use the skeletal model to compute the exact position and orientation of that certain character, which

1767-437: Is an image that has a location associated with it. The location of the sprite is changed slightly, between each displayed frame, to make the sprite appear to move. The following pseudocode makes a sprite move from left to right: Computer-assisted animation is usually classed as two-dimensional ( 2D ) animation and is also known as digital ink and paint. Drawings are either hand drawn (pencil to paper) or interactively drawn (on

1860-544: Is attended by thousands of computer professionals each year. Developers of computer games and 3D video cards strive to achieve the same visual quality on personal computers in real-time as is possible for CGI films and animation. With the rapid advancement of real-time rendering quality, artists began to use game engines to render non-interactive movies, which led to the art form Machinima . CGI short films have been produced as independent animation since 1976. Early examples of feature films incorporating CGI animation include

1953-517: Is eventually rendered into an image. Thus by changing the values of Avars over time, the animator creates motion by making the character move from frame to frame. There are several methods for generating the Avar values to obtain realistic motion. Traditionally, animators manipulate the Avars directly. Rather than set Avars for every frame, they usually set Avars at strategic points (frames) in time and let

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2046-512: Is not always to emulate live action as closely as possible, so many animated films instead feature characters who are anthropomorphic animals, legendary creatures and characters, superheroes, or otherwise have non-realistic, cartoon-like proportions. Computer animation can also be tailored to mimic or substitute for other kinds of animation, like traditional stop-motion animation (as shown in Flushed Away or The Peanuts Movie ). Some of

2139-510: Is not composed solely of rendering). A workstation typically costs $ 2,000 to $ 16,000 with the more expensive stations being able to render much faster due to the more technologically advanced hardware that they contain. Professionals also use digital movie cameras , motion/ performance capture , bluescreens , film editing software , props, and other tools used for movie animation. Programs like Blender allow for people who can not afford expensive animation and rendering software to be able to work in

2232-451: Is not only used to develop the work but also to show the project's progress to directors, clients, and investors. Once the development of the work is complete, concept art may be reworked and used for advertising materials. A concept artist is an individual who generates a visual design for an item, character, or area that does not yet exist. This includes, but is not limited to, film, animation, and more recently, video game production. Being

2325-407: Is perceivable due to the way the eye and the brain both process images. At rates below 12 frames per second, most people can detect jerkiness associated with the drawing of new images that detracts from the illusion of realistic movement. Conventional hand-drawn cartoon animation often uses 15 frames per second in order to save on the number of drawings needed, but this is usually accepted because of

2418-711: Is possible with traditional animation , while still retaining the stylistic elements of traditionally drawn characters or objects. Examples of films produced using computer-assisted animation are the rainbow sequence at the end of The Little Mermaid (the rest of the films listed use digital ink and paint in their entirety), The Rescuers Down Under , Beauty and the Beast , Aladdin , The Lion King , Pocahontas , The Hunchback of Notre Dame , Hercules , Mulan , Tarzan , We're Back! A Dinosaur's Story , Balto , Anastasia , Titan A.E. , The Prince of Egypt , The Road to El Dorado , Spirit: Stallion of

2511-505: Is put into the final product. The term was used by the Walt Disney Animation Studios as early as the 1930s. Concept art usually refers to world-building artwork used to inspire the development of media products, and is not the same as storyboard , though they are often confused. Concept art is developed through several iterations. Multiple solutions are explored before settling on the final design. Concept art

2604-426: Is recorded to a computer using video cameras and markers and that performance is then applied to the animated character. Each method has its advantages and as of 2007, games and films are using either or both of these methods in productions. Keyframe animation can produce motions that would be difficult or impossible to act out, while motion capture can reproduce the subtleties of a particular actor. For example, in

2697-595: Is rendered, it can be composited into a final product. For 3D models, attributes can describe any characteristic of the object that can be animated. This includes transformation (movement from one point to another), scaling, rotation, and more complex attributes like blend shape progression (morphing from one shape to another). Each attribute gets a channel on which keyframes can be set. These keyframes can be used in more complex ways such as animating in layers (combining multiple sets of key frame data), or keying control objects to deform or control other objects. For instance,

2790-452: Is required, but the types of characters required exceed what can be done throughout the conventional costuming. 3D computer animation combines 3D models of objects and programmed or hand "keyframed" movement. These models are constructed out of geometrical vertices, faces, and edges in a 3D coordinate system. Objects are sculpted much like real clay or plaster, working from general forms to specific details with various sculpting tools. Unless

2883-548: Is then used to in a two-level structure – the PAD-PEP mapping and the PEP-FAP translation model. Realism in computer animation can mean making each frame look photorealistic , in the sense that the scene is rendered to resemble a photograph or make the characters' animation believable and lifelike. Computer animation can also be realistic with or without the photorealistic rendering . One trend in computer animation has been

Star Wars Rebels - Misplaced Pages Continue

2976-485: Is to use procedural tools such as 4D noise . Noise is any algorithm that plots pseudo-random values within a dimensional space. 4D noise can be used to do things like move a swarm of bees around; the first three dimensions correspond to the position of the bees in space, and the fourth is used to change the bee's position over time. Noise can also be used as a cheap replacement for simulation . For example, smoke and clouds can be animated using noise. Node-based animation

3069-485: Is useful for animating organic and chaotic shapes. By using nodes, an animator can build up a complex set of animation rules that can be applied either to many objects at once, or one very complex object. A good example of this would be setting the movement of particles to match the beat of a song. There are many different disciplines of 3D animation, some of which include entirely separate artforms. For example, hair simulation for computer animated characters in and of itself

3162-534: Is where the concept artist's individual creativity is most evident, but subject matter is often beyond their control. Many concept artists work in a studio or from home remotely as freelancers. Working for a studio has the advantage of an established salary. In the United States, the average annual gross salary for a concept artist in video game industry was $ 60,000-$ 70,000 a year in 2017. In 2024, entry level concept art positions ranged from $ 60,000-$ 95,000, with

3255-421: Is with these  Rebels  in a thrilling conclusion that plays to its characters' strengths while serving up plenty of galactic spectacle." On Metacritic , the first season has a weighted average score of 78 out of 100 based on 4 critics, indicating "generally favorable reviews". IGN and Variety in particular had strong praise for the pilot film, Spark of Rebellion , with their only criticism being

3348-899: The Ghost takes part in the climactic battle over Scarif. The Ghost also appears in the 2019 film Star Wars: The Rise of Skywalker during the final battle over Exegol. The voice of Freddie Prinze Jr. as Kanan Jarrus can also be heard in the film as one of the voices of Jedi past who provide Rey with encouragement to defeat Emperor Palpatine . The Grand Inquisitor and Fifth Brother appear in Obi-Wan Kenobi , portrayed by Rupert Friend and Sung Kang , respectively. The Purrgil appear in The Mandalorian season 3 episode " Chapter 17: The Apostate ". Zeb makes his live action debut in season three episode, " Chapter 21: The Pirate ", voiced again by Steven Blum . Sabine Wren, Ezra Bridger, and Hera Syndulla made their live-action debut in

3441-493: The Star Wars timeline, inserting a ragtag group of lovable characters into a galactic adventure that all ages can enjoy." Seasons 2 and 3 have received a 100% score based on 6 reviews for season 2 and 6 reviews for season 3, with an average rating of 7.40/10 for season 2 and 9/10 for season 3. Season 4 has received a 100% score based on 10 reviews with an average rating of 9.20/10, the website's critics consensus reads, "The Force

3534-477: The 2006 film Pirates of the Caribbean: Dead Man's Chest , Bill Nighy provided the performance for the character Davy Jones . Even though Nighy does not appear in the movie himself, the movie benefited from his performance by recording the nuances of his body language, posture, facial expressions, etc. Thus motion capture is appropriate in situations where believable, realistic behavior and action

3627-522: The 2020 video game Star Wars: Squadrons , providing voice work and motion capture for the character. Characters in Star Wars Rebels have taken influence from Biblical, Hebrew, and Greco-Roman mythological names. Star Wars writers have often used biblical names for Jedi while giving galactic Imperial characters Roman names. In 2015 an interview was conducted with Dave Filoni and Simon Kinberg where Kinsberg stated that they wanted to connect to

3720-479: The 3D wire-frame imagery, which featured a computer-animated hand and face both created by University of Utah graduates Edwin Catmull and Fred Parke . This imagery originally appeared in their student film A Computer Animated Hand , which they completed in 1972. Developments in CGI technologies are reported each year at SIGGRAPH , an annual conference on computer graphics and interactive techniques that

3813-644: The Cimarron and Sinbad: Legend of the Seven Seas . Early digital computer animation was developed at Bell Telephone Laboratories in the 1960s by Edward E. Zajac, Frank W. Sinden, Kenneth C. Knowlton, and A. Michael Noll. Other digital animation was also practiced at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory . In 1967, a computer animation named "Hummingbird" was created by Charles Csuri and James Shaffer. In 1968,

Star Wars Rebels - Misplaced Pages Continue

3906-510: The Empire emerges. The visual style of the series is inspired by the original Star Wars trilogy concept art by Ralph McQuarrie . The series features new characters, along with some from the original trilogy and from the previous animated series, Star Wars: The Clone Wars (2008–2020). The series comprises four seasons. The series premiered as a one-hour television film , Spark of Rebellion , on October 3, 2014, on Disney Channel prior to

3999-845: The Inquisitor, the main villain of the series, was shown at the convention. In its April 2014 announcement of the Star Wars Legends decision, Lucasfilm explained that Star Wars Rebels would be part of the new Star Wars canon and would incorporate elements introduced in Legends , such as the Inquisitor, the Imperial Security Bureau and Sienar Fleet Systems. The first two episodes, titled Spark of Rebellion , premiered on October 3, 2014, on Disney Channels worldwide and on Family Channel in Canada. In Australia,

4092-487: The Middle East and Africa, Spark of Rebellion premiered on October 11 and the series debuted on October 18 on Disney XD. Siege of Lothal premiered on October 10, followed the official season premiere on October 17. In Southeast Asia, Spark of Rebellion premiered on Disney XD on October 4 and the series officially started on November 29. Siege of Lothal premiered on October 3 on Disney XD and Disney Channel , and

4185-710: The Spectres unite aboard a light freighter called the Ghost and begin to conduct covert operations against Imperial forces on and around the planet Lothal and on other planets that are menaced by the Empire. The series was announced in May 2013, with a one-hour special set to debut in fall 2014 before airing as a full series on Disney XD . The announcement came two months after the cancellation of Star Wars: The Clone Wars . Simon Kinberg , Dave Filoni and Greg Weisman were announced as executive producers . Concept art from

4278-731: The United States, the one-hour special garnered 2.74 million viewers on Disney Channel and 2.40 million viewers on ABC (excluding Boston, whose local station WCVB preempted it for a Steve Harvey special). Worldwide, it delivered a total of 6.5 million viewers. On Disney Channel, the first and second episodes delivered 2.33 million and 1.92 million viewers, respectively. The third and fourth episodes garnered 2.32 million and 1.84 million, respectively. The fifth, sixth and seventh episodes were watched by 1.43 million, 1.30 million and 1.60 million viewers, respectively. The eighth and ninth episodes got 1.92 and 1.44 million viewers, respectively. In Canada,

4371-514: The animation and arrange its choreography. Another technique called constructive solid geometry defines objects by conducting Boolean operations on regular shapes, and has the advantage that animations may be accurately produced at any resolution. Some notable producers of computer-animated feature films include: Concept art Concept art is a form of visual art used to convey an idea for use in film , video games , animation , comic books , television shows , or other media before it

4464-467: The animation industry's needs typically caused graphical innovations in workstations. Graphics workstation computers use two to four processors, and they are a lot more powerful than an actual home computer and are specialized for rendering. Many workstations (known as a " render farm " ) are networked together to effectively act as a giant computer, resulting in a computer-animated movie that can be completed in about one to five years (however, this process

4557-481: The appearance of the Wookiees in the film, being cited as not all that impressive compared to the rest of the animation. SyFy Wire calls the series "Pure fun", further stating that it "captures the awe and joy of A New Hope " and is "thematically ambitious" with a "dramatic edge". Emily Ashby of Common Sense Media called the series "exciting" with cartoon violence and "positive messages." Ashby also argued that

4650-535: The art in Facial Animation in 1989 and 1990 proved to be a turning point in the field by bringing together and consolidating multiple research elements and sparked interest among a number of researchers. The Facial Action Coding System (with 46 "action units", "lip bite" or "squint"), which had been developed in 1976, became a popular basis for many systems. As early as 2001, MPEG-4 included 68 Face Animation Parameters (FAPs) for lips, jaws, etc., and

4743-537: The average salary at about $ 112,000. Digital media production, including the television and video game industries, has grown substantially in the 21st century. From 2009 to 2012, the value of the United States video game industry jumped from $ 19 million to $ 37 billion, and from 2008 to 2016, the value of the mobile game industry in China increased from 240 million yuan to 37.48 billion yuan. The need for concept artists in this rapidly growing industry has skyrocketed; 65% of

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4836-433: The computer interpolate or tween between them in a process called keyframing . Keyframing puts control in the hands of the animator and has roots in hand-drawn traditional animation . In contrast, a newer method called motion capture makes use of live action footage. When computer animation is driven by motion capture, a real performer acts out the scene as if they were the character to be animated. Their motion

4929-438: The computer) using different assisting appliances and are positioned into specific software packages. Within the software package, the creator places drawings into different key frames which fundamentally create an outline of the most important movements. The computer then fills in the "in-between frames", a process commonly known as Tweening . Computer-assisted animation employs new technologies to produce content faster than

5022-586: The effort to create human characters that look and move with the highest degree of realism. A possible outcome when attempting to make pleasing, realistic human characters is the uncanny valley , the concept where the human audience (up to a point) tends to have an increasingly negative, emotional response as a human replica looks and acts more and more human. Films that have attempted photorealistic human characters, such as The Polar Express , Beowulf , and A Christmas Carol have been criticized as "disconcerting" and "creepy". The goal of computer animation

5115-636: The field has made significant progress since then and the use of facial microexpression has increased. In some cases, an affective space , the PAD emotional state model , can be used to assign specific emotions to the faces of avatars . In this approach, the PAD model is used as a high level emotional space and the lower level space is the MPEG-4 Facial Animation Parameters (FAP). A mid-level Partial Expression Parameters (PEP) space

5208-493: The field of special effects ) skyrocketed during the modern era of U.S. animation . Films like Avatar (2009) and The Jungle Book (2016) use CGI for the majority of the movie runtime, but still incorporate human actors into the mix. Computer animation in this era has achieved photorealism, to the point that computer-animated films such as The Lion King (2019) are able to be marketed as if they were live-action. In most 3D computer animation systems, an animator creates

5301-414: The fifth episode in flashbacks. Ray Stevenson and Sharmila Devar reprise their roles as Gar Saxon and Ursa Wren, respectively in the seventh season of Star Wars: The Clone Wars . Freddie Prinze Jr. and Vanessa Marshall reprise their roles as younger versions of Kanan Jarrus (then still going by his original name, Caleb Dume) and Hera Syndulla in three episodes of Star Wars: The Bad Batch , with

5394-511: The final days of the Galactic Civil War, hunting down the weakened Imperial forces after the battle of Endor and the death of Emperor Palpatine. From April 1, 2015, through March 16, 2016, Marvel Comics published a 12-issue comic series, titled Kanan , and set during the events of the first season. Written by former executive producer of the series Greg Weisman and illustrated by Pepe Larraz, Jacopo Camagni and Andrea Broccardo,

5487-471: The final product. Concept art ranges from stylized to photorealistic depending on the needs of the project. Artists working on a project often produce a large turnover in the early 'blue sky' stage of production. This provides a broad range of interpretations, most being in the form of sketches , speed paints , and 3D overpaints. Later pieces, such as matte paintings , are produced as realistically as required. Concept artists will often have to adapt to

5580-519: The first season. Weisman left the show after the first season. Filoni was also the supervising director for the first two seasons, a role he relinquished after accepting a promotion that expanded his creative role into overseeing all Lucasfilm Animation projects; he chose Justin Ridge to succeed him for the third season. Filoni re-assumed the role for the fourth season. Rebels has been generally well-received with several award wins and nominations. The show

5673-426: The flow of their work all at once, and interpolation which allows 3D animators to automate the process of inbetweening . For 3D computer animations, objects (models) are built on the computer monitor (modeled) and 3D figures are rigged with a virtual skeleton . Then the limbs, eyes, mouth, clothes, etc. of the figure are moved by the animator on key frames . Normally, the differences between key frames are drawn in

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5766-408: The following five months. A few days after the series finale was aired, IDW Publishing released the seventh issue of the long-running Star Wars Adventures multi-era comic book series, which contained the first of a two-part comic arc, set between the second and third season, in which the Spectres embark on a mission to save a rare endangered bird from Imperial custody. The second part appeared in

5859-465: The former also making brief non-speaking cameo appearances in the seventh season of The Clone Wars and the series Tales of the Jedi . The Grand Inquisitor also appeared in the fourth episode of its sequel, Tales of the Empire , with Jason Isaacs reprising his role as the character. On September 2, 2014, Del Rey Books published Star Wars: A New Dawn , a prequel novel by John Jackson Miller telling

5952-698: The game development industry's staff are artists. As such, there is a push for countries across the world to increase the availability of art education so that local artists have the skills to capitalize on the booming media industry. The art education community has made changes, offering new courses in art universities order better prepare students for the digital art field. Certain educators are pushing to move away from historic art education towards more standardized, industry-paced approaches that will better prepare students for this modern workforce. Other programs are pushing to create artist workshops in order to train artists in digital software. Concept art has embraced

6045-628: The game's levels in the mobile versions and are required to play the full campaign in the Windows Store version. Additionally, several of the characters from the series are playable in other games such as Disney Infinity 3.0 , Angry Birds Star Wars II , Roblox (as virtual accessories and gears), Lego Star Wars: The Force Awakens and The Skywalker Saga (as downloadable content only), Star Wars: Galactic Defense , Star Wars: Force Arena and Star Wars: Galaxy of Heroes . Vanessa Marshall reprises her role as Hera Syndulla for

6138-410: The gap by giving amateurs access to professional animations as clip art . The oldest (most backward compatible) web-based animations are in the animated GIF format, which can be uploaded and seen on the web easily. However, the raster graphics format of GIF animations slows the download and frame rate, especially with larger screen sizes. The growing demand for higher quality web-based animations

6231-497: The help of video references and accurate meteorological facts. For the 2005 remake of King Kong , actor Andy Serkis was used to help designers pinpoint the gorilla's prime location in the shots and used his expressions to model "human" characteristics onto the creature. Serkis had earlier provided the voice and performance for Gollum in J. R. R. Tolkien 's The Lord of the Rings trilogy. Computer animation can be created with

6324-526: The live-action films Star Trek II: The Wrath of Khan and Tron (both 1982), and the Japanese anime film Golgo 13: The Professional (1983). VeggieTales is the first American fully 3D computer-animated series sold directly (made in 1993); its success inspired other animation series, such as ReBoot (1994) and Transformers: Beast Wars (1996) to adopt a fully computer-generated style. The first full-length computer-animated television series

6417-761: The long-standing basic principles of animation , like squash and stretch , call for movement that is not strictly realistic, and such principles still see widespread application in computer animation. The popularity of websites that allow members to upload their own movies for others to view has created a growing community of independent and amateur computer animators. With utilities and programs often included free with modern operating systems , many users can make their own animated movies and shorts. Several free and open-source animation software applications exist as well. The ease at which these animations can be distributed has attracted professional animation talent also. Companies such as PowToon and Vyond attempt to bridge

6510-541: The more complex vector graphic animations had a slower frame rate due to complex rendering compared to some of the raster graphic alternatives. Many of the GIF and Flash animations were already converted to digital video formats, which were compatible with mobile devices and reduced file sizes via video compression technology. However, compatibility was still problematic as some of the video formats such as Apple's QuickTime and Microsoft Silverlight required plugins. YouTube

6603-489: The next issue, which was released on March 28, 2018. A side-scrolling run-and-gun game based on the show's first season, titled Star Wars Rebels: Recon Missions , was released by Disney Mobile on iOS , Android and Windows Store in early 2015, before being discontinued on July 28, 2016, due to the limitations of the support team . Ezra Bridger is the only playable character, with other characters available via in-app purchases , which also grant early access to most of

6696-586: The novel A New Dawn , and the novel series Thrawn . Characters, storylines, and elements introduced in the series would also appear in subsequent Star Wars media. The series' storyline continues in the Disney+ live-action series Ahsoka . Fourteen years after the fall of both the Galactic Republic and the Jedi Order and the rise of the Galactic Empire , a motley group of rebels called

6789-529: The original films by using the biblical naming scheme seen in the films. Both Caleb and Ezra are historically Hebrew names, with Ezra translating to "helper". Characters with Roman names include Clone Captain Rex which translates to "King" in Latin (although that character was created for The Clone Wars ) along with Sabine Wren, Admiral Brom Titus and Admiral Kassius Konstantine. 3D animation Computer animation

6882-504: The premiere of the series on October 13 on Disney XD . The second season premiered on June 20, 2015, with a one-hour television film, The Siege of Lothal . The third season premiered on September 24, 2016, with the television film, Steps Into Shadow . The fourth and final season premiered on October 16, 2017, with another one-hour television film, Heroes of Mandalore . Its final episode aired on March 5, 2018. Dave Filoni , Simon Kinberg , and Greg Weisman served as executive producers of

6975-426: The same way paint would blend on a canvas; proficiency with traditional media is often paramount to a concept artist's ability to use painting software. Popular programs for concept artists include Photoshop and Corel Painter . Others include Manga Studio, Procreate and ArtRage . Most concept artists have switched to digital media because of ease of editing and speed. A lot of concept work has tight deadlines where

7068-525: The second episode was watched by 274,500 viewers, making it the most-watched broadcast ever on the network. In the United Kingdom, the film was the highest-rated broadcast that week, with 81,000 viewers. On the review aggregation website Rotten Tomatoes , the first season has received a 92% positive score, based on 13 reviews with an average rating of 8.20/10, the website's critics consensus reads, " Rebels adds new dimension to an unexplored sector of

7161-472: The second season was released on October 24. In the United Kingdom and Ireland, the series debuted on October 16 on Disney XD . Siege of Lothal premiered on July 18, 2015, followed by the second-season debut on October 17. Star Wars Rebels: Spark of Rebellion was released by Walt Disney Studios Home Entertainment on DVD in the US at all retailers on October 14, 2014. DVD bonus features include character shorts,

7254-473: The series Ahsoka , portrayed by Natasha Liu Bordizzo , Eman Esfandi, and Mary Elizabeth Winstead , respectively. Dave Filoni and Lars Mikkelsen reprise their roles as Chopper and Grand Admiral Thrawn . Clancy Brown reprises his role as Ryder Azadi , the governor of Lothal. Vinny Thomas appears as Jai Kell, who was previously voiced by Dante Basco . Evan Whitten appears as Jacen Syndulla: Hera and Kanan Jarrus's son. Temuera Morrison appears as Rex in

7347-575: The series has a "broad appeal for kids and adults" particularly those interested in Star Wars. Graeme Virtue of The Guardian wrote that the series was inspired by the television Space Western Firefly . Chopper and the Ghost appear in the 2016 film Rogue One: A Star Wars Story . Hera's surname is called on a loudspeaker at the Rebel base on Yavin IV, where Chopper can briefly be seen. In addition,

7440-591: The series premiered on October 17 on Disney XD . The Siege of Lothal premiered on June 28, 2015, and the second season debuted on October 18. In Canada, the series premiered on October 19 on the DHX-owned Disney XD . However, due to DHX Media losing the rights to Disney content, the show was later moved to Disney Channel . The second season premiered on November 7, and it was moved to the Corus-owned Disney XD channel on December 1. In

7533-518: The series, including a first look at the Ghost , was shown at the Star Wars Celebration that July. In September 2013, The Hollywood Reporter reported that Freddie Prinze Jr. , Vanessa Marshall , Taylor Gray and David Oyelowo were being cast as the series leads. At the 2013 New York Comic Con , it was revealed that the series would take place 14 years after Revenge of the Sith and 5 years before A New Hope . An image of

7626-452: The spline curves relative to the keyframes. Using interpolation allows 3D animators to dynamically change animations without having to redo all the in-between animation. This also allows the creation of complex movements such as ellipses with only a few keyframes. Lastly, interpolation allows the animator to change the framerate, timing, and even scale of the movements at any point in the animation process. Another way to automate 3D animation

7719-537: The story is centered on Kanan having flashbacks to his days as a Padawan in the Jedi Temple and the Clone Wars . The other members of the Ghost crew also appear. In the summer of 2017, Marvel announced that a comic book miniseries adaptation of Zahn's Thrawn novel was being planned, scheduled to be released in early 2018. The first issue was released on February 14, 2018, with new issues being released over

7812-484: The story of how Kanan and Hera met (set about six years before the series). One of the first canon Star Wars novels to be released by Disney Publishing Worldwide and Del Rey Books, It includes a foreword by Dave Filoni. In 2017, a new novel, entitled Thrawn , was released. The book marked the entrance of Grand Admiral Thrawn into the current canon. It was written by the character's original creator, Timothy Zahn . A sequel to Thrawn , titled Thrawn: Alliances ,

7905-409: The style of the studio they are hired for. The ability to produce multiple styles is valued in a concept artist. Concept art is a broad field, including specializations on a wide range of fictional and nonfiction subjects, such as character design, environment design, set design, and more industrial applications like retail design, architecture design, fashion design, and object design. Specialization

7998-801: The stylized nature of cartoons. To produce more realistic imagery, computer animation demands higher frame rates. Films seen in theaters in the United States run at 24 frames per second, which is sufficient to create the illusion of continuous movement. For high resolution, adapters are used. Computer-generated animation is an umbrella term for three-dimensional ( 3D ) animation, and 2D computer animation. These also include subcategories like asset driven , hybrid, and digital drawn animation. Creators animate using code or software instead of pencil-to-paper drawings. There are many techniques and disciplines in computer generated animation, some of which are digital representations of traditional animation - such as key frame animation - and some of which are only possible with

8091-408: The use of digital technology . Raster graphics editors for digital painting have become more easily available, as well as hardware such as graphics tablets , enabling more efficient working methods. Prior to this, any number of traditional mediums such as oil paints , acrylic paints , markers and pencils were used. Many modern paint packages are programmed to simulate the blending of color in

8184-520: Was ReBoot , which debuted in September 1994; the series followed the adventures of characters who lived inside a computer. The first feature-length computer-animated film is Toy Story (1995), which was made by Disney and Pixar : following an adventure centered around anthropomorphic toys and their owners, this groundbreaking film was also the first of many fully computer-animated movies. The popularity of computer animation (especially in

8277-636: Was also relying on the Flash plugin to deliver digital video in the Flash Video format. The latest alternatives are HTML5 compatible animations. Technologies such as JavaScript and CSS animations made sequencing the movement of images in HTML5 web pages more convenient. SVG animations offered a vector graphic alternative to the original Flash graphic format, SmartSketch . YouTube offers an HTML5 alternative for digital video. APNG (Animated PNG) offered

8370-509: Was met by a vector graphics alternative that relied on the use of a plugin . For decades, Flash animations were a common format, until the web development community abandoned support for the Flash Player plugin. Web browsers on mobile devices and mobile operating systems never fully supported the Flash plugin. By this time, internet bandwidth and download speeds increased, making raster graphic animations more convenient. Some of

8463-585: Was nominated for the Critics' Choice Television Award for Best Animated Series and the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Children's Program . Rebels became the first recipient of the Saturn Award for Best Animated Series on Television , winning for its final two seasons. A number of tie-in media have been released to expand upon the series' lore such as the comic book series Kanan ,

8556-530: Was released by Walt Disney Studios Home Entertainment on DVD and Blu-ray on August 30, 2016, in North America. The Complete Season Three of Star Wars Rebels was released on DVD and Blu-Ray on August 29, 2017. The Complete Season Four is announced to be released on DVD and Blu-ray on November 15, 2018, in Germany, and July 31, 2018, in the United States. The series is also available on the Disney+ streaming service, which launched on November 12, 2019. In

8649-569: Was released on July 24, 2018. It explored Thrawn's partnerships with Darth Vader and Anakin Skywalker. Another Thrawn novel, Thrawn: Treason was released on July 23, 2019. It takes place during the events of Star Wars Rebels ' fourth season. Hera Syndulla would go on to appear in Alexander Freed's Star Wars: Alphabet Squadron novel trilogy, as a general of the recently christened New Republic's eponymous starfighter squadron in

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