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61-727: The Stratford Festival is a theatre festival which runs from April to October in the city of Stratford, Ontario , Canada. Founded by local journalist Tom Patterson in 1952, the festival was formerly known as the Stratford Shakespearean Festival , the Shakespeare Festival and the Stratford Shakespeare Festival . The festival was one of the first arts festivals in Canada and continues to be one of its most prominent. It

122-1028: A pride parade , drag show , family-friendly pride in the park event, and flag raisings. In November 2021, Stratford-Perth Pride launched its first annual Trans Pride Week - a week of celebrations honouring the trans and nonbinary community. Stratford is also home to the Stratford Pride Community Centre (SPCC). The SPCC is a physical space located in downtown Stratford for the 2SLGBTQIA+ community to visit during drop-in hours and attend social events. The SPCC also hosts Stratford's Winter Pride event which takes place in February of each year. Since 2021, Stratford District Secondary School (SDSS) and Stratford Intermediate School (SIS) has been putting their yearly budget toward including 2SLGBTQIA+ community to help those students feel included. Numerous visitors arrive in Stratford each week during

183-521: A series of paintings depicting the costumes from festival costume warehouse, having served as their Head of Scenic Art from 2007 to 2015. In March 2020, as preparations for the upcoming season were underway, the Festival was forced to announce performance cancellations and layoffs due to the COVID-19 pandemic . A month later, the entire 2020 season was put on hold and effectively cancelled. Just before

244-488: A Stratford-native journalist who wanted to revitalize his town's economy by creating a theatre festival dedicated to the works of William Shakespeare , as the town shares the name of Shakespeare's birthplace, Stratford-upon-Avon, England . Stratford was a railway junction and major locomotive shop, and was facing a disastrous loss of employment with the imminent elimination of steam power. Patterson achieved his goal after gaining encouragement from Mayor David Simpson and

305-503: A permanent theatre was slow but was helped significantly by donations from Governor General Vincent Massey and the Perth Mutual Insurance Company. The new Festival Theatre was dedicated on 30 June 1957, with seating for over 1,800 people; no seats are more than 65 feet from the stage. The design was deliberately intended to resemble a huge tent. That season's productions included Hamlet , Twelfth Night ,

366-851: A reporter for the True Canadian Romances Magazine. When Rex hears that Princess Aurora is an immigrant, he proposes to take her on a national tour. Aurora agrees, knowing that this would be a good way to find a husband, and instructs Rex about how to think like a Canadian citizen would ("Teach Me How to Think Canadian"). The Canadian government tour in Ottawa begins with a visit to the Governor General (played by Wilfred Hastings), who sings about attending to his generalities ("Governor Generalities"). Culturally speaking, he instructs his Culturality Squad (played by Elizabeth Heseltine, David Langstroth, and Donald Harvie) to take

427-564: A six-week season opening on 13 July 1953 with Richard III and then All's Well That Ends Well , both starring Alec Guinness. The 1954 season ran for nine weeks and included Sophocles’ Oedipus Rex and two Shakespeare plays, Measure for Measure and The Taming of the Shrew . Young actors during the first four seasons included several who went on to great success in subsequent years, Douglas Campbell , Timothy Findley , Don Harron , William Hutt and Douglas Rain . Fundraising to build

488-492: A successful agricultural area and has some auto parts manufacturing, but tourism is still the most significant aspect. According to an estimate by the Conference Board of Canada , it generates $ 140 million in economic activity, $ 65 million in taxes and 3,000 direct and indirect jobs. For the past few years however, the town has been working to attract more technical industries with former Mayor Dan Mathieson spearheading

549-527: A surplus of $ 3.1 million under the control of Cimolino and executive director Anita Gaffney. The target of a half million ticket sales for the season (a previous record) had not yet been reached, but had achieved a significant increase in the number of new patrons to the theatres. On 17 February 2015, AP News reported that the Stratford Shakespeare Festival plans to film all of Shakespeare's plays . Actors who have participated in

610-614: Is a satirical musical theatre production, first staged in Canada in the 1950s. Directed by Brian Macdonald , it was premiered in Montreal on February 7, 1957, by McGill University students. A revue , it tells the story of Princess Aurora Borealis (the contralto Ann Golden) of "Mukluko" ("near" Baffin Island ) who is searching for a husband, to help keep her country independent from Canada. The music combined elements of 1940s tunes,

671-677: Is also home to the Stratford Chef School, a prestigious culinary school and the focus of the Food Network Canada series Chef School . Founded in June 2009, the University of Waterloo Stratford School of Interaction Design and Business is part of the faculty of arts , established to provide programs that focus on digital media , digital technologies, content creation and user experience. September 2010 marked

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732-448: Is an industry partner of the University of Waterloo Stratford Campus . The 2024 season programmed by Artistic Director Antoni Cimolino has a theme of A World Elsewhere. 43°22′28″N 80°58′06″W  /  43.374336°N 80.968468°W  / 43.374336; -80.968468 Stratford, Ontario The area was settled by Europeans in 1832, and the town and river were named after Stratford-upon-Avon , England. Stratford

793-565: Is brought to a conclusion with a frantic rock-'n'-roll scene ("Eulogy to Elvis"), which suddenly gets interrupted by the arrival of a member of the Quebec Censorship Board (played by Donald Harvie), who hereby declares that the eulogy has become obscene, and decides that he must snip it ("Snip"). Not having paid duty to the vulgarity of contemporary 1950's music, the Princess finds refuge in the Governor General's company, and

854-586: Is governed by an elected city council, with a mayor and ten councilors, elected every four years. Sub-committees of council make recommendations to the standing committees of council that are then forwarded to city council for a final decision. The current mayor is Martin Ritsma. The city is served by the Stratford Police Service. The police board consists of two members of city council, a citizen appointed by council, and two citizens appointed by

915-643: Is home of the OHA Midwestern Junior B hockey team, the Stratford Warriors . The Warriors have produced notable NHL players such as Ed Olczyk , Craig Hartsburg , Garth Snow , Rob Blake , Chris Pronger , Nelson Emerson , Tim Taylor , Greg de Vries , Jeff Halpern , Rem Murray and Boyd Devereaux and won several Sutherland Cup championships. Stratford hosted Tim Hortons Hockey Day in Canada on January 30, 2010. Stratford used to also have an Intercounty Baseball League Team called

976-632: Is no service on public holidays. Public education in Stratford is provided by the Avon Maitland District School Board and Huron-Perth Catholic District School Board with both boards offering education in English, as well as French immersion up to grade eight (with the public Avon Maitland board also offering both languages through high school). The city has two secondary schools: Stratford District Secondary School, and St. Michael's Catholic Secondary School. Stratford

1037-561: Is not on a 400-series highway bit is at the junctions of Highways 7 (Ontario St.), 8 (Huron St.), and the former 19 (Now Perth Road 119, Mornington St.) and is connected to Highway 401 by expressways from Kitchener . Greyhound Canada provided daily service between London and Kitchener but the route was cancelled as of July 2011. The owners of Cherrey Bus Lines, Robin Hood Tours provides chartered bus service from Stratford to locations as far as Kincardine and Wingham . Within

1098-409: Is recognized worldwide for its productions of Shakespearean plays. The festival's primary focus is to present productions of William Shakespeare 's plays, but it has a range of theatre productions from Greek tragedy to Broadway musicals and contemporary works. In the early years of the festival, Shakespeare's works typically represented approximately one third of the offerings in the largest venue,

1159-592: Is the only Catholic high school in Stratford but is one of five Catholic schools in Stratford. Stratford is a member of the Stratford Sister Cities program which was created to promote friendship and cultural exchange between participating countries. Participation is restricted to places called "Stratford" that have a Shakespeare Theatre or Festival. A reunion is held every second year by a different member. The five principal sister cities of Stratford, Ontario, are: My Fur Lady My Fur Lady

1220-403: Is the type of walkable wholesome town Rodgers and Hammerstein might write a musical about." In addition to the festival, several annual events attract visitors. Stratford Summer Music, in its 17th year, runs for about a month. In 2016, the event, run by the town, offered 85 concerts, a third of them free or "pay what you can". The 2016 budget was $ 800,000 with funding provided by agencies such as

1281-517: Is the winter of our discontent / Made glorious summer by this son of York." Guinness and Irene Worth were among the cast of Stratford's inaugural performance of Richard III , working for expenses only. This first performances (like the entire first four seasons) took place in a concrete amphitheatre covered by giant canvas tent on the banks of the River Avon. The first of many years of Stratford Shakespeare Festival production history started with

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1342-402: Is very high year round. In the 2021 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada , Stratford had a population of 33,232 living in 14,743 of its 15,388 total private dwellings, a change of 5.6% from its 2016 population of 31,470 . With a land area of 30.02 km (11.59 sq mi), it had a population density of 1,107.0/km (2,867.1/sq mi) in 2021. The city is in

1403-528: The Festival Theatre . More recently, however, the festival's focus has shifted to encompass works by a more diverse range of playwrights. The success of the festival changed Stratford into a city where arts and tourism play important roles in the economy. The festival attracts many tourists from outside Canada, most notably British and American visitors. The Festival was founded as the Stratford Shakespearean Festival of Canada , by Tom Patterson,

1464-671: The Goderich-Exeter Railway provide freight links, and Via Rail Canada is the passenger carrier. VIA's rail service in Stratford is based from the Stratford railway station , and is situated on the Toronto–Sarnia segment of the Québec City-Windsor Corridor ; Via serves Stratford with two trains daily (one eastbound to Toronto Union Station , and one westbound to Sarnia via London ). It

1525-831: The Lieutenant Governor of Ontario . Stratford's first constable was hired in 1854. As of 2018, the Police Service has 56 sworn members and 22 civilians. Other areas of Perth County receive services from the Ontario Provincial Police , Perth County Detachment in Sebringville with satellite offices in Listowel and Mitchell. Historically, the city was a railway junction. Today, the Canadian National Railway , and

1586-1016: The Stratford Nationals , and a soccer team in the Kitchener and District Soccer League. House League sports are also available in the Stratford area. There is the Stratford Rotary Hockey League, Hoops For Fun Basketball, Stratford Minor Baseball, the Stratford Soccer House League and the Stratford Dragon Boat Club. It's the home of the Stratford Sabrecats , and Stratford is also home to the Black Swans rugby club. The Chess Federation of Canada has its administrative office in Stratford. The city

1647-568: The Toronto International Film Festival , impacted both the Stratford Film Festival's funding and its audience. The Stratford Summer Music Festival has been held for seven seasons and features indoor and outdoor performances by international, classical, and world music artists as well as young Canadian performers around downtown Stratford. The Stratford Concert Band, a local wind ensemble,

1708-643: The Avon Theatre, the Tom Patterson Theatre (originally Shakespeare 3 Company) and the Studio Theatre. The annual festival now draws hundreds of thousands of theatre goers and tourists to the area each year. Acclaimed actors including Alec Guinness , Christopher Plummer , Dame Maggie Smith , William Hutt, Martha Henry and William Shatner have performed at the festival. The Canadian novelist and playwright Timothy Findley performed in

1769-502: The Canadian government ends at the Governor General's annual Protocol Ball, which takes place at the evening of her 21st birthday. The Governor General's butler, Lilli and Morton (played by John MacLeod), make their observations about society ("Society Gets Higher Every Year"). Following their presentations, the debutantes pay tribute to the source of their high life ("The Debutantes' So-Glad-You-Can-Pay-For-Me-Dad Waltz"). Suddenly, decorum

1830-534: The Festival Theatre, the Avon Theatre, the Tom Patterson Theatre, and the Studio Theatre. Although the Festival's primary mandate is to produce the works of Shakespeare, its season playbills include contemporary works and at least one musical, as well as the classic repertory. The Stratford Festival Forum runs during the season, and features music concerts, readings from major authors, lectures, and discussions with actors or management. The Stratford Festival

1891-488: The May to October Festival season. National Geographic Traveler considers the theatres to be "nirvana" and also praises other aspects of the town. "During the festival—which stages everything from Shakespeare to Sondheim to new Canadian plays—you can stay in theater-themed B&Bs, hang out with actors post-show at local bars, go on backstage tours, and attend dozens of other events with other theater-mad folk. Stratford itself

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1952-909: The Ontario Cultural Attractions Fund. Smaller event are held in other months, including winter and the Swan Weekend in April, to attract off-season visitors. Fans of Stratford-born musician Justin Bieber frequently visit the town, and Stratford Tourism has produced a "Bieber-iffic Map" showing sites associated with his life in Stratford. In 2018, the Stratford Perth Museum opened "Steps to Stardom," an exhibit documenting Bieber's early career in Stratford. Some town locals are known to refer to Stratford as "the big S", drawing in fans year after year. Stratford

2013-405: The Princess in hand. They talk about their objective, which is to disseminate the nation ("Canadiana"). The Governor General's secretary, Lilli Brogida (played by Nancy Bacal) talks of her annoyance for preferring culture to a more informal relationship ("Honey Don't Be Highbrow"). Meanwhile, in the Governor General's office, Rex discovers his old fiancée, Constable Renfrew (played by July Tarlo) of

2074-708: The RCMP, whose current job is to guard the Governor-General. Rex and Constable describe their mutual feelings ("We Hate Each Other"). After visiting the Department of National Defence, the Princess's tour of the Canadian government culminates with the opening of Parliament, where she hears the members debating the issues with the official Canadian flag. The members, led by the Minister of Supply and Demand (played by John MacLeod), finally make their decision to leave

2135-414: The Shrew . Young actors during the first four seasons included several who went on to great success in subsequent years, Douglas Campbell , Timothy Findley , Don Harron , William Hutt and Douglas Rain . The new Festival Theatre was dedicated on 30 June 1957, with seating for over 1,800 people; none are more than 65 feet from the thrust stage . Over the years, additional theatrical venues were added:

2196-515: The Stratford Festival also staged the separate Stratford Film Festival , which was credited as one of the first North American film festivals ever to schedule international films. That festival collapsed after the 1976 launch of the Festival of Festivals, now known as the Toronto International Film Festival , impacted both the Stratford Film Festival's funding and its audience. In 2011, the visual artist, Chris Klein , started producing

2257-442: The cash they made by overcharging the constructors of the D.E.W. (distant early warning) line. Their celebration, however, is interrupted by Princess Aurora Borealis (played by Ann Golden), who is searching for a husband in order to keep her country independent from Canada. She is then sent south to find a husband in Canada ("Into a New World"). Upon her arrival in Canada, Princess Aurora meets Rex Hammerstein (played by Jim Hugessen),

2318-403: The city uses a transit-on-demand model in which riders book pickup and dropoff locations by either calling, using an app, or accessing the city's website. There are special school routes in the morning and afternoon that are intended for students at the two local high schools and the intermediate school. The four routes in the morning and the afternoon serve over 400,000 students a year. There

2379-463: The city, Stratford Transit provides the local bus service, which runs every half-hour six days a week. The Stratford Municipal Airport (CYSA) is located just north of the city and provides only general aviation, with the closest full service airports in Waterloo ( Region of Waterloo International Airport ) and London ( London International Airport ). All bus routes in Stratford begin and end at

2440-558: The contemporary 1950s rock and roll era and a degree of jazz, while the lyrics reflected the political events of the times. It was co-written and produced by James de Beaujeu Domville , Timothy Porteous , Donald MacSween , Galt MacDermot , Harry Garber and Roy Wolvin . Later in 1957 the production played at the Stratford Festival , and toured Canada during the rest of the year and into 1958. 402 performances were given, across 82 locations. An original cast recording

2501-471: The effort. The Royal Bank of Canada opened a $ 300 million data centre here, Starwood Hotels is experimenting with a new type of call centre, and the University of Waterloo has opened a satellite campus with about 500 students specializing in digital media and information technology, and as the home of the technology forum Canada 3.0 and various technology companies. The Stratford Shakespeare Festival began in 1953 when, on July 13, actor Alec Guinness spoke

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2562-411: The festival has helped Sara Topham launch her career in acting, performing from 2000 to 2011; and a young, unknown Christopher Walken appeared in Stratford's 1968 stage productions of Romeo and Juliet and A Midsummer Night's Dream , portraying Romeo and Lysander respectively. Long-serving Artistic Director Richard Monette retired in 2007 after holding the position for fourteen seasons. He

2623-1505: The festival include Alan Bates , Brian Bedford , Domini Blythe , Barbara Bryne , Martha Burns , Jackie Burroughs , Zoe Caldwell , Douglas Campbell , Len Cariou , Brent Carver , Patricia Conolly , Susan Coyne , Jack Creley , Jonathan Crombie , Hume Cronyn , Henry Czerny , Cynthia Dale , Brian Dennehy , Colm Feore , Megan Follows , Maureen Forrester , Lorne Greene , Dawn Greenhalgh, Paul Gross , Alec Guinness , Amelia Hall, Uta Hagen , Julie Harris , Don Harron , Martha Henry , William Hutt , Frances Hyland , Charmion King , Andrea Martin , Barbara March , James Mason , Roberta Maxwell , Eric McCormack , Seana McKenna , Loreena McKennitt , Richard Monette , John Neville , Stephen Ouimette , Lucy Peacock , Nicholas Pennell , David J. Phillips , Amanda Plummer , Christopher Plummer , Sarah Polley , Douglas Rain , Kate Reid , Jason Robards , Alan Scarfe , Paul Scofield , Goldie Semple , William Shatner , Maggie Smith , Jessica Tandy , Peter Ustinov , Christopher Walken , Al Waxman , Irene Worth , Geraint Wyn Davies and Janet Wright . Female directors at Stratford have included Pam Brighton, Zoe Caldwell , Marigold Charlseworth, Donna Feore , Jill Keiley, Pamela Hawthorne, Martha Henry , Jeannette Lambermont, Diana Leblanc , Marti Maraden , Weyni Mengesha , Carey Perloff , Lorraine Pintal , Vanessa Porteous, Susan H. Schulman , Djanet Sears , Kathryn Shaw , Jennifer Tarver. From 1956 to 1961 and 1971 to 1976,

2684-578: The first lines of the first play produced by the festival. The performances during the first four seasons took place in a concrete amphitheatre covered by giant canvas tent on the banks of the River Avon. The first of many years of Stratford Shakespeare Festival production history started with a six-week season, opening on 13 July 1953, with Richard III and then All's Well That Ends Well both starring Alec Guinness. The 1954 season ran for nine weeks and included Sophocles' Oedipus Rex and two Shakespeare plays, Measure for Measure and The Taming of

2745-418: The first season, and had an ongoing relationship with the festival, eventually moving to Stratford in 1997. From 1956 to 1961 and 1971 to 1976, the Stratford Festival also staged the separate Stratford Film Festival , which was credited as one of the first North American film festivals ever to schedule international films. That festival collapsed after the 1976 launch of the Festival of Festivals, now known as

2806-520: The local council, and the Stratford Shakespearean Festival became a legal entity on October 31, 1952. Already established in Canadian theatre, Dora Mavor Moore helped put Patterson in touch with British actor and director Tyrone Guthrie , first with a transatlantic telephone call. On July 13, 1953, actor Alec Guinness spoke the first lines of the first play produced by the festival, a production of Richard III : "Now

2867-558: The major employer for many years, employing 40% of the population. Stratford has a humid continental climate type ( Köppen : Dfb). The highest temperature ever recorded in Stratford was 38.9 °C (102 °F) in July 1936. The coldest temperature ever recorded was −35 °C (−31 °F) in January 1882. Stratford has warm summers that are lengthy by Canadian standards with cool nights and long, cold, and snowy winters. Precipitation

2928-568: The market centre for the eastern Huron Tract began. By 1834 a tavern, sawmill and grist mill had opened, and by 1835 a post office, called Stratford, was operating. The Smith's Canadian Gazetteer of 1846 describes Stratford as follows: "Stratford contains about 200 inhabitants. Post Office, post three times a-week. Professions and Trades.—Two physicians and surgeons, one grist and saw mill, one tannery, three stores, one brewery, one distillery, one ashery, two taverns, two blacksmiths, one saddler, two wheelwrights, three shoemakers, two tailors. Settlement

2989-408: The new Stratfest@Home web streaming service. In April 2021, the Festival announced a season of plays and cabarets, with most productions being held under large canopies at the Festival and Tom Patterson Theatres. Only one late-opening production was held indoors at the Studio Theatre with reduced capacity. The theme for the 2021 season was metamorphosis. In May of 2022, the Festival officially opened

3050-428: The official opening of the Stratford campus. This location offers undergraduate, graduate and advanced education programs and research opportunities as well as opportunities for research and commercialization. The building was founded in 1963 under the name Stratford Northwestern. The name was changed in 2020 along with Stratford Intermediate School (formerly known as Stratford Central). Founded in 1990, St. Michael

3111-477: The rebuilt Tom Patterson Theatre . Designed by Toronto-based architect, Siamak Hariri , the building overlooks the Avon river and sits on the site of the previous Tom Patterson space. The project cost an estimated 100 million dollars (CAD) and was funded by private donations with support from both provincial and federal governments. The Festival traditionally runs from April to October, and has four permanent venues:

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3172-619: The satirical My Fur Lady , The Turn of the Screw and Ibsen's Peer Gynt . The Festival Theatre's thrust stage was designed by British designer Tanya Moiseiwitsch to resemble both a classic Greek amphitheatre and Shakespeare's Globe Theatre . It has since become a model for other stages in North America and Great Britain. Tony Award -nominee Scott Wentworth has performed in the festival's stage productions on numerous occasions since 1985, beginning with The Glass Menagerie ;

3233-555: The season's cancellation, Cimolino announced that all productions that had been filmed as part of the Stratford Festival On Film series would be streamed online for free, with a different production being shown each week. Throughout the summer of 2020, the Festival produced four web series which, along with all the filmed productions and other Stratford documentaries and interviews, were launched in October 2020 on

3294-580: The solution to Louis St. Laurent, the Prime Minister of Canada at the time ("...And Howe!"). Act II starts off with a public student meeting, whose occupants explain about the coming week ("Next Week Is Work Week"). After listening to a rant about Canadian poetry, Princess Aurora is taken to the Kappa Kappa Kappa female organization, where the girls from the women's residents teach her a dance ("Royal Victoria Rag"). The Princess's tour of

3355-491: The transit terminal located on Downie Street, close to the downtown core. The terminal is home to eight bus bays and public washrooms. There are six regular routes that run Monday to Saturday from 08:00 to 22:00. There is an additional industrial route that serves the Wright Business Park in the south end and industrial zones in the east end. There is bus service on Sundays, but there are no set routes. Instead,

3416-565: The two fall in love with each other. The Ball ends with the Princess in the arms of the Governor General ("I'm for Love"). Back north in Mukluko, preparations made by its citizens and the Canadian Delegation for the union ceremony between the two countries was unexpectedly interrupted by the arrival of the Governor General's party, and the announcement of His Excellence's marriage to Princess Aurora. This ceremony of political union

3477-836: Was founded as the Grand Trunk Railway Employees Band, and renamed the Canadian National Railway Employees' Band in 1907. The band performs free outdoor concerts at the Kiwanis Pavilion Bandshell in Upper Queen's Park throughout the summer. Stratford is home to year-round 2SLGBTQIA+ programming and events. Since 2018, Stratford has been home to pride festivities during the month of June (for Pride Month ). Planned and implemented by Stratford-Perth Pride, pride month in Stratford typically includes

3538-461: Was incorporated as a town in 1859 and as a city in 1886. The first mayor was John Corry Wilson Daly . The swan has become a symbol of the city. Each year, twenty-four white swans are released into the Avon River. The town is noted for the Stratford Festival , which performs Shakespearean plays and other genres from May to October. In 1832, the development of an area called "Little Thames" as

3599-818: Was made in June 1957. James Domville, producer, was 25 years later head of the National Film Board, Brian MacDonald was choreographer of Les Grands Ballets Canadiens, Timothy Porteous was chairman of the Canada Council, James Hugessen, male lead, was Associate Chief Justice of the Quebec Superior Court and librettist Donald MacSween was director of the National Arts Centre in Ottawa. The show starts off with Mukluko (located near Baffin Island)'s Eskimo citizens celebrating

3660-435: Was replaced with an artistic team consisting of General Director Antoni Cimolino and Artistic Directors Marti Maraden , Des McAnuff , and Don Shipley . On March 12, 2008, it was announced that Shipley and Maraden would be stepping down, leaving Des McAnuff as sole Artistic Director. In 2013, Des McAnuff was replaced by Antoni Cimolino as Artistic Director. In 2012, the Festival had a deficit of $ 3.4 million, but by 2015 had

3721-509: Was slow until the early 1850s when the railway arrived. Furniture manufacturing and railway locomotive repairs were the most important parts of the local economy by the twentieth century. In 1933 a general strike , started by the furniture workers and led by the Communist Workers' Unity League , marked the last time the army was deployed to break a strike in Canada. The Grand Trunk Railway (later CNR) locomotive repair shops were

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