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68-647: In 1944 Maria and Goffredo Bellonci started to host a literary salon at their home in Rome. These Sunday gatherings of writers, artists and intellectuals grew to include many of the most notable figures of Italian cultural life. The group became known as the Amici della Domenica , or ‘Sunday Friends’. In 1947 the Belloncis, together with Guido Alberti, owner of the firm which produces the Strega liqueur, decided to inaugurate

136-650: A metahistorical novel . Furthermore, contrasting this depiction of Isabella with her previous appearances in Bellonci's works (e.g. in Lucrezia Borgia ), Bellonci was able to show how subjective and ideologically malleable historical interpretation may be. Bellonci was actively involved in the promotion of Italian culture. Along with her husband and Guido Alberti , she established the literary Premio Strega in 1947. She recounted its history in her 1971 book Come un racconto. Gli anni del Premio Strega . She

204-683: A brother Leo and a sister, Gianna. From 1913, she studied at the Liceo Umberto, graduating in 1921. She married the journalist Goffredo Bellonci in 1928. Following the Second World War, the Belloncis established a salon at their residence, the Amici della domenica ( Friends of Sunday ) inviting Italian literates to discuss the promotion of Italian culture. Bellonci's husband died in August 1964. Bellonci died on 13 May 1986 in Rome. Aged 19, Bellonci wrote Clio e le amazzoni ,

272-595: A centre of culture, started a school for girls, and turned her ducal apartments into a museum containing the finest art treasures. This was not enough to satisfy Isabella, already in her mid-sixties, so she returned to political life and ruled Solarolo , in Romagna until her death on 13 February 1539. She was buried beside her husband in the Church of Santa Paola in Mantua, but the remains were stolen. Isabella’s appearance

340-571: A dress for Beatrice. After the death of his wife, which took place in 1497, Ludovico came to allude to a secret relationship with Isabella, claiming that it was out of jealousy of his wife that the Marquis Francesco played a double game between him and the Lordship of Venice. The rumor was however promptly denied by his father Ercole. Others instead defined Beatrice's attitude towards her sister as "complexed second child" because in

408-511: A few thousand Alemannic mercenaries). Moreover, Isabella had already had a mishap with some Genoese soldiers who, upon entering the city in 1492, surrounded her to appropriate her mount and harness, according to custom. So she later told her husband: "I was never more afraid; and they tore all the harness to pieces, and took off the bridle before I could dismount, despite the fact that the governor interposed him and that I voluntarily offered it to him. I lost heart, although among so many partisans I

476-478: A gentleman. After their first few encounters she began to enjoy his company and she spent the next few years getting to know him and preparing to be the Marchioness of Mantua. During their courtship, Isabella treasured the letters, poems, and sonnets he sent her as gifts. Ten years later, on 11 February 1490, at age 15, she married Francesco by proxy . By then, he had succeeded to the marquisate. Besides being

544-618: A high-ranking prostitute, to Francis, saying to do it "for a good cause and to avoid greater evil", that is to say to preserve her brother-in-law and sister from the terrible malfrancese, but perhaps also to ingratiate herself with him. In October Francis wrote to his wife sorry that she was not there with them to see the army before it was disbanded, but it does not seem that he had urged her to come, probably because he had at heart his safety (the camps were dangerous places, where violent fights often broke out, and Beatrice herself had been saved on one occasion by Francis, when she risked being raped by

612-410: A letter to his mother dating back to his visit to Pavia in August 1492, when, speaking of Beatrice, he wrote: "she is not a greater than me, but she is much bigger!"; in a similar way she also expressed herself to her husband, not being able yet to know, perhaps, that the sister's coarseness was due to the incipient pregnancy (she was at the fourth-fifth month). These frictions were perhaps also linked to

680-589: A novel that remained unpublished, but which circulated in Italian literary circles and introduced her to her future husband Goffredo Bellonci. Bellonci's literary debut was in 1939 with the acclaimed biography of Lucrezia Borgia , published in Italian by Mondadori, and translated into twelve languages. This and her subsequent works on historical subjects, based on rich and detailed research of extant primary documents, were lauded for their vivid reconstructions and psychological motivations of their characters from which

748-589: A prisoner of the Venetians, accused his wife of not loving him and of having indeed been the cause of his ruin, referring to her by letter as "that whore of my wife". Isabella d'Este is famous as the most important art patron of the Renaissance ; her life is documented by her correspondence, which remains archived in Mantua (approximately 28,000 letters received and copies of approximately 12,000 letters written). In painting she had numerous famous artists of

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816-634: A prize for fiction, the winner being chosen by the Sunday friends. The activities of the Bellonci circle and the institution of the prize were seen as marking a tentative return to ‘normality’ in Italian cultural life: a feature of the reconstruction which followed the years of Fascism, war, occupation and liberation. The first winner of the Strega, elected by the Sunday Friends, was Ennio Flaiano , for his first and only novel Tempo di uccidere , which

884-538: A result of encounters with prostitutes. Isabella played an important role in Mantua during troubled times for the city. When her husband was captured in 1509 and held hostage in Venice, she took control of Mantua's military forces and held off the invaders until his release in 1512. In the same year, 1512, she was the hostess at the Congress of Mantua, which was held to settle questions concerning Florence and Milan. As

952-410: A ruler, she appeared to have been much more assertive and competent than her husband. When apprised of this fact upon his return, Francesco was furious and humiliated at being surpassed by his wife's superior political ability. This caused their marriage to break down irrevocably. As a result, Isabella began to travel freely and live independently from her husband until his death on 19 March 1519. After

1020-528: Is extremely well documented. Isabella was born on Tuesday, 19 May 1474 at nine o'clock in the evening. Isabella's mother, Eleanor of Naples , wrote a letter to her friend Barbara Gonzaga describing the details of Isabella's birth in Ferrara . Eleanor was the daughter of Ferdinand I , the Aragonese King of Naples, and Isabella of Clermont . One year later, on 29 June 1475, her sister Beatrice

1088-452: Is her Balzo as headwear – documented as her invention in letters circa 1509 and visible several times in portraits of other ladies in the 1520s/30s. Despite her significant art patronage that included a number of portraits, there are very few surviving portraits that may be identified as Isabella, especially when compared to her sister Beatrice . It is known that the elderly Isabella preferred idealized paintings and even waived sitting as

1156-526: Is not certain and could be the almost homonymous Galeazzo Visconti, Count of Busto Arsizio , a courtier also dear to the dukes. Between the two immediately ignited a dispute, destined to last for months, on who was the best paladin, Orlando or Rinaldo: Galeazzo supported the first, the sisters d'Este the second. Galeazzo, who exercised a strong fascination, soon managed to convert them both to Orlando's faith, but Isabella, once back in Mantua, returned to prefer Rinaldo, so that Galeazzo remembered her as "I alone

1224-658: Is set in Africa during the Second Italo-Abyssinian War . It has been translated into English as The Short Cut . Maria Bellonci published a history of the Strega prize, titled Come un racconto gli anni del premio Strega , in 1971. Since the death of Maria Bellonci in 1986, the prize has been administered by the Fondazione Maria e Goffredo Bellonci . The members of the now 400-strong prize jury, drawn from Italy’s cultural elite, are still known as

1292-524: The Duchess invites the S.V. to take these little kisses In fact, it does not seem that Beatrice had any conflicting feelings towards Isabella, nor that she saw with a bad eye the complicity between the latter and her husband Ludovico. The Moro in fact, who was of generous nature, often gave Isabella even very expensive gifts: once he sent her fifteen arms of a fabric so precious as to cost forty ducats on her arm – an amazing sum – saying that he had already made

1360-476: The Imperial soldiers. Her huge place was the only place safe from attacks, because her son Ferrante Gonzaga was a general in the invading army and she herself had good relationship with the emperor. When she left Rome, she managed to acquire safe passage for all the refugees who had sought refuge in her home. Once Rome became stabilized following the sacking, she left the city and returned to Mantua. She made it

1428-543: The Marquess, Francesco was captain general of the armies of the Republic of Venice . Isabella became his wife amid a spectacular outpouring of public rejoicing and a grand celebration that took place on 15 February. She brought the sum of 3,000 ducats as her marriage portion, as well as valuable jewelry, dishes, and a silver service. Prior to the magnificent banquet which followed the wedding ceremony, Isabella rode through

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1496-567: The Moro from his perverse policy. These judgments were not separated from a blatant contempt for the second daughter, as in the case of Alessandro Luzio , who writes: "The luck that made play of this Sforza, making him pass from the brightest heights to the darkest abysses of misery, had in April 1480 exchanged a beneficial star for a sinister meteor". In truth, other historians, including Rodolfo Renier himself, Luzio's colleague, judged that Beatrice

1564-565: The S. V., when I come for her this summer", and lamented the lack of "his sweet company". Isabella's presence was in fact much desired in Milan, not only by Galeazzo but also by her sister, Ludovico and the other courtiers, however the Marquise was able to go there a few times, as her husband Francesco was wary of sending it to her, judging that in that court too many "madness" were committed, and perhaps also out of jealousy of Ludovico. Despite

1632-515: The Sunday Friends. For a book to be considered, it must have the support of at least two Friends. This initial long list is whittled down at a first ballot to a short list of five. The second round of voting, followed by the proclamation of the victor, takes place on the first Thursday in July in the nymphaeum of the Villa Giulia , Rome. Telecom Italia have joined Liquore Strega as sponsors of

1700-482: The absence of her husband Francesco II Gonzaga and during the minority of her son Federico . She was a prolific letter-writer and maintained a lifelong correspondence with her sister-in-law Elisabetta Gonzaga . Isabella grew up in a cultured family in the city-state of Ferrara . She received a fine classical education and she met many famous humanist scholars and artists. Due to the vast amount of extant correspondence between Isabella and her family and friends, her life

1768-458: The affection, Isabella began to feel envy for her sister Beatrice, first for the very fortunate marriage that had touched her and for the enormous riches, then for the two sons in perfect health who were born to her a short time later, while she seemed unable to have children, and in this aroused the concerns of her mother Eleonora, who continually exhorted her in letters to be as close as possible to her husband. A certain hatred can also be seen in

1836-446: The age of six, Isabella was betrothed to the eight years older Francesco , the heir to the Marquess of Mantua. The Duke of Milan requested her hand in marriage for his son, Ludovico, two weeks later. Instead, her sister, Beatrice was betrothed to Ludovico and became the Duchess of Milan. Her dowry amounted to 25,000 ducats . Although he was not handsome, Isabella admired Francesco for his strength and bravery; she also regarded him as

1904-537: The battle, booty that however Francesco had already sent to his wife in Mantua. He wrote to his wife to give it to his sister-in-law, but Isabella replied that she was not so willing to cede this honor to her sister and, with the excuse that she lacked a mule, begged her husband to invent some expedient. Beatrice replied that it was not her intention to steal the booty from her sister, but that she only wanted to see it all together and then return it to her. Meanwhile, it occurred to her to procure "a femina de partito", that is,

1972-423: The composers Bartolomeo Tromboncino and Marco Cara and she played the lute. Unusually, she employed women as professional singers at her court, including Giovanna Moreschi , the wife of Marchetto Cara . In the architecture field, she could not afford new palaces, however she commissioned architects such as Biagio Rossetti and Battista Covo . She was also considered an icon of her time in fashion. Famous

2040-418: The court. Besides her extensive knowledge of history and languages, she could also recite Virgil and Terence by heart. Isabella was also a talented singer and musician, and was taught to play the lute by Giovanni Angelo Testagrossa . In addition to these accomplishments, she was also an innovator of new dances, having been instructed in the art of dance by Ambrogio, a Jewish dancing master. In 1480, at

2108-543: The death of her husband, Isabella ruled Mantua as regent for her son Federico . She began to play an increasingly important role in Italian politics, steadily advancing Mantua's position. She was instrumental in promoting Mantua to a Duchy, which was obtained by wise diplomatic use of her son's marriage contracts. She also succeeded in obtaining a cardinalate for her son Ercole . She further displayed shrewd political acumen in her negotiations with Cesare Borgia , who had dispossessed Guidobaldo da Montefeltro , duke of Urbino ,

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2176-451: The difficulty in procreating a male heir. In truth, Francesco for his part was always very proud of his daughters and never showed himself disappointed, indeed from the beginning he declared himself in love with the firstborn Eleonora, despite the absolute disappointment of Isabella who refused her daughter, who was then very lovingly educated by her sister-in-law Elisabetta, who because of her husband's impotence never had children. When in 1496

2244-501: The fact that Ludovico had initially asked for Isabella's hand, in 1480, and that this had not been possible because, only a few days earlier, Duke Ercole had officially promised it to Francesco Gonzaga. Despite everything, in 1492 she was very close to Beatrice in a difficult moment of her pregnancy, that is when she was suddenly struck by an attack of malarial fevers, and in 1495 she went again to Milan to assist her sister in her second birth and also baptized her nephew Francesco. In

2312-485: The hardness of the keys". However, they were united by the desire to excel in everything. In the last two hundred years historians and writers were divided in preference for one or the other: many - such as Francesco Malaguzzi Valeri and Maria Bellonci - regretted that Ludovico had not, only briefly, married Isabella, fantasizing about the splendors that Isabella would be able to bring to Milan, in conditions of greater well-being than to Mantua, and how he could distract

2380-405: The husband of her sister-in-law and good friend Elisabetta Gonzaga in 1502. As a widow, Isabella at the age of 45 became a "devoted head of state". Her position as a Marquise required her serious attention, therefore she was required to study the problems faced by a ruler of a city-state. To improve the well-being of her subjects she studied architecture, agriculture, and industry, and followed

2448-422: The letter of congratulations to Isabella for the birth of little Eleonora - who, being female, incredibly disappointed her mother - she added the greetings of her little son Hercules to "soa cusina", despite not having the child yet turned one year of age, something that historians such as Luciano Chiappini interpreted as a sort of mockery, of "refined malice", "a slap given with grace and grace". In fact, if Isabella

2516-483: The main streets of Ferrara astride a horse draped in gems and gold. In 1491 Isabella went with a small entourage to Brescello and from there to Pavia, to accompany her sister Beatrice who was married to Ludovico il Moro . On this occasion she saw Galeazzo Sanseverino again —- as she had known him as a child in Ferrara —- with whom she began a large, and at times humorous, exchange of letters. However, his identity

2584-431: The most important sculptors and medallists of her time, i.e. Michelangelo , Pier Jacopo Alari Bonacolsi (L'Antico), Gian Cristoforo Romano , and Tullio Lombardo . She also collected ancient Roman art. For what concerns writers , she was in contact with Pietro Aretino , Ludovico Ariosto , Pietro Bembo , Baldassare Castiglione , Mario Equicola , Gian Giorgio Trissino , and others. In music Isabella sponsored

2652-402: The notorious Lucrezia Borgia became the mistress of Francesco. At about the same time, Isabella had given birth to a daughter, Ippolita, and she continued to bear him children throughout Francesco and Lucrezia's long, passionate affair, which was more sexual than romantic. Lucrezia had previously made overtures of friendship to Isabella which the latter had coldly and disdainfully ignored. From

2720-473: The other two children remained in Naples for many years: Beatrice was adopted by her grandfather , and her little brother Ferrante was left under the tutelage of their uncle Alfonso . Due to her outstanding intellect, she often discussed the classics and the affairs of state with ambassadors. In addition, she was personally acquainted with the painters, musicians, writers, and scholars who lived in and around

2788-468: The principles that Niccolò Machiavelli had set forth for rulers in his book The Prince . In return, the people of Mantua respected and loved her. Isabella left Mantua for Rome in 1527. She was present during the catastrophic Sack of Rome , when she converted her house the Palazzo Colonna , into an asylum for approximately 2,000 people (including clerics, nobles and common citizens) fleeing

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2856-666: The prize. In 2006, the sixtieth year of the Strega Prize, a special award was made to the Constitution of Italy , a document which was drawn up and approved in 1946, the year of the Strega’s inauguration. The award was received by former President of the Italian Republic Oscar Luigi Scalfaro . Maria Bellonci Maria Villavecchia Bellonci (30 November 1902 – 13 May 1986)

2924-491: The public obtained a credible picture of history stripped of legends and accretions over the centuries. She concentrated on the great Renaissance families: Borgias , Estes , Gonzagas and Sforzas . Especially welcomed was her focus on women in the Renaissance and their interactions with power. Although these works were written in the genre of historical fiction, they were fully documented histories. By 1972, Bellonci

2992-595: The second daughter Margherita was born, Isabella was so angry that she wrote to her husband, who was then fighting the French in Calabria, a letter in which she blamed him, declaring that she did nothing but reap the fruits of his sown. Francis replied that he was instead very happy with the birth of his daughter – who, however, he did not have time to know, having died in swaddling clothes – and indeed forbade anyone to show discontent with it. Only in 1500 their son Federico

3060-536: The summer of 1494, on the occasion of the descent of the French into Italy, Beatrice invited her sister to Milan to kiss Gilbert of Montpensier and others of the royal house, according to the custom French. Secretary Benedetto Capilupi reported: The Duchess says that when the Duke of Orliens came, she had to dress colorfully, dance and be kissed by the Duke, who wanted to kiss all the bridesmaids and women of account. [...] Coming Count Delfino or someone else of royal blood,

3128-405: The time Lucrezia had first arrived in Ferrara as Alfonso's intended bride, Isabella, despite having acted as hostess during the wedding festivities, had regarded Lucrezia as a rival, whom she sought to outdo at every opportunity. Francesco's affair with Lucrezia, whose beauty was renowned, caused Isabella much jealous suffering and emotional pain. The liaison ended when he contracted syphilis as

3196-403: The time of her wedding, Isabella was said to have been pretty, slim, graceful, and well-dressed. Her long, fine hair was dyed a fashionable pale blonde and her eyes were described as "brown as fir cones in autumn, scattered laughter". Isabella's relationship with her husband over the years often proved to be tense, at times very tense, both for the political differences between the two and for

3264-530: The time work for her, including Giovanni Bellini , Giorgione , Leonardo da Vinci , Andrea Mantegna (court painter until 1506), Perugino , Raphael , Titian , Antonio da Correggio , Lorenzo Costa (court painter from 1509), Dosso Dossi , Francesco Francia , Giulio Romano , and many others. For instance her ' Studiolo ' in the Ducal Palace, Mantua , was decorated with allegories by Mantegna, Perugino, Costa, and Correggio. In parallel she contracted

3332-433: The truth”, and said of Titian’s portrait that “we doubt that at the age he represents us we were ever of the beauty it contains.” In 1534, in the same year that Titian’s portrait was painted, Titian’s friend, Pietro Aretino, mocked her appearance, calling her “the monstrous Marchioness of Mantua, with ebony teeth and ivory eyelashes, dishonestly ugly and ultra-dishonestly tarted up.” Despite her desplays of modesty, Isabella

3400-438: The two women became close friends. They enjoyed reading books, playing cards, and travelling about the countryside together. Once they journeyed as far as Lake Garda during one of Francesco's absences. Isabella had met the French king in Milan in 1500 on a successful diplomatic mission that she had undertaken to protect Mantua from French invasion. Louis had been impressed by her alluring personality and keen intelligence. It

3468-536: The wisest and most fortunate of women". The poet Ariosto deemed her the "liberal and magnanimous Isabella". Author Matteo Bandello wrote that she was "supreme among women", and the diplomat Niccolò da Correggio entitled her "The First Lady of the world". Judgments less imbued with praise, indeed very harsh, were instead expressed by Pope Julius II in disagreement with Isabella's conduct, even went so far as to call her "that ribald whore". A not dissimilar judgment had also expressed her husband Francesco himself who, now

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3536-750: The “living paragon of female beauty.” The real Bembo praised Isabella’s “beautiful and charming hand and pure, sweet voice” in a letter addressed to her. The alleged beauty of Isabella attracted the attention of the king of France, Charles VIII , who asked the chaplain Bernardino of Urbino about her features and attempted to arrange a meeting with her. However, this meeting never took place as shortly after he returned to France. Isabella herself frequently diminished her own appearance; commenting on his portrait she told Francia that he had “made us far more beautiful by your art than nature ever made us.” Likewise she told Trissino that “your praises of us far exceed

3604-719: Was a columnist in periodicals such as Il punto (1958–64), and Il Messaggero (1964-70). Many of these articles were compiled and republished in Pubblici segreti (two volumes, 1965 and 1989). Her collection of articles on Italian cities was republished posthumously in Segni sul muro ( Signs on the wall , 1989). Bellonci was inspired by Stendhal and translated some of his work into Italian: Vanina Vanini e altre cronache italiane (1961), La duchessa di Paliano (1994). Among her other translations are Alexandre Dumas ' I tre moschettieri (1977) and Emile Zola 's Nana (1955). Bellonci

3672-407: Was a patron of the arts as well as a leader of fashion and her innovative style of dressing was emulated by many women. The poet Ariosto labeled her as the "liberal and magnanimous Isabella", while author Matteo Bandello described her as "supreme among women". Diplomat Niccolò da Correggio went even further by hailing her as "The First Lady of the world". She served as the regent of Mantua during

3740-475: Was afraid of some misfortune. Finally, helped, I freed myself from their hands ". Having also received different educations, the two sisters were the opposite of each other: Isabella, more like her mother, was sweet, graceful and a lover of tranquility; Beatrice, more like her father, was impetuous, adventurous and aggressive. Beatrice loved to shoot crossbow , Isabella had "the hand so light that we cannot play well [the clavichord], when we have to strain it for

3808-426: Was also known to lose herself infront of a mirror. Isabella was worried about her weight from an early age. As an adult she discussed her weight with those close to her frequently. In 1499 she sent a portrait by Giovanni Santi to her brother Ludovico Sforza, complaining that it did not resemble her very much “for being a little fatter than me.” Ludovico replied that he liked the portrait very much of her and that it

3876-423: Was always the daughter most loved by her parents, Beatrice had been ceded to her grandfather, and only with the birth of the firstborn had she obtained her own revenge. Other mischief between sisters dates back to the weeks immediately following the battle of Fornovo: Beatrice, who was at the siege of Novara together with the Marquis Francesco, wanted to see the booty stolen from the tent of King Charles VIII during

3944-511: Was an Italian writer, historian and journalist, known especially for her biography of Lucrezia Borgia . She and Guido Alberti established the Strega Prize in 1947. Bellonci was born Maria Villavecchia in Rome on 30 November 1902. Her father, Gerolamo Vittorio Villavecchia, was a professor of chemistry, and came from an aristocratic Piedmontese family, while her mother, Felicita Bellucci, came from Umbria. She had three younger siblings,

4012-708: Was awarded the Viareggio Prize in 1939 for Lucrezia Borgia . In 1979, she won the Premio San Gerolamo for her literary oeuvre. She was posthumously awarded the Strega prize in 1986 for Rinascimento privato . Isabella d%27Este Isabella d'Este (19 May 1474 – 13 February 1539) was the Marchioness of Mantua and one of the leading women of the Italian Renaissance as a major cultural and political figure. She

4080-432: Was beginning to experiment with the form. For the first time, in the compendium Tu vipera gentile , she introduced fictional characters in order to propel the historical narrative. Similarly, her final novel Rinascimento Privato ( Private Renaissance ) which came out in 1985, was written in the first person by the protagonist Isabella d'Este ; she added fictional characters to describe historical events, in essence creating

4148-451: Was born, and in 1476 and 1477 two brothers, Alfonso and Ferrante , were born. In 1479 and 1480 two more brothers were born; Ippolito and Sigismondo . Of all the children born into the family, Isabella is believed to have been the favourite. In the year of her brother Ferrante's birth, Isabella was among the children of the family who travelled to Naples with her mother. When her mother returned to Ferrara, Isabella accompanied her, while

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4216-536: Was born. In his capacity of captain general of the Venetian armies, Francesco often was required to go to Venice for conferences that left Isabella in Mantua on her own at La Reggia , the ancient palace that was the family seat of the Gonzagas. She did not lack company, however, as she passed the time with her mother and with her sister, Beatrice. Upon meeting Elisabetta Gonzaga, her 18-year-old sister-in-law,

4284-471: Was enough to make her change her mind and cry out Rolando! Rolando! ", invited her to follow her sister's example and swore that he would convert her a second time, as soon as they met again. Isabella jokingly replied that she would then bring a frog to offend him, and the dispute went on for a long time. On 11 February, speaking to her about the amusements he had with Beatrice, he wrote to her: "I will also strive to improve in order to give greater pleasure to

4352-434: Was frequently written about in her lifetime. Mario Equicola said that “her eyes were black and sparkling, her hair yellow, and her complexion one of dazzling brilliancy.” Similarly Gian Giorgio Trissino ’s I Ritratti has a fictionalized Pietro Bembo describe Isabella’s “rippling golden hair that flowed in thick masses over her shoulders,” in a passage that, according to art historian Sally Hickson, identifies Isabella as

4420-537: Was from this tragic loss, for which she proved inconsolable, that Isabella undertook to support her brother-in-law's cause with her husband Francesco, who was against him. So he continued to do until the fall of the Sforza, in 1499, when he suddenly changed sides and declared himself to be "good French". As the couple had known and admired one another for many years, their mutual attraction deepened into love. Reportedly, marriage to Francesco caused Isabella to "bloom". At

4488-465: Was the most suitable wife for Ludovico, since she knew, with her own audacity, to instill courage in her insecure consort, and acquired political depth already in her early youth, so much so as to be decisive in situations of greatest danger, while Isabella could boast a role in this sense only in the years of maturity. The different fate of the two sisters certainly weighed in these judgments: Isabella lived sixty-five years, Beatrice died at twenty-one. It

4556-731: Was very similar to her, although "somewhat more fat", unless Isabella had "grown fatter after we saw her." In 1509 she complained to her husband that “if she had more to do with running the state she would not have grown fat”, while in 1511 her sister Lucrezia complained about an early draft of the Francia portrait that made her look too thin. Her face became damaged and prematurely aged by Venetian ceruse . During her lifetime and after her death, poets, popes, and statesmen paid tribute to Isabella. Pope Leo X invited her to treat him with "as much friendliness as you would your brother". The latter's secretary Pietro Bembo described her as "one of

4624-471: Was while she was being entertained by Louis, whose troops occupied Milan, that she offered asylum to Milanese refugees including Cecilia Gallerani , the refined mistress of her sister Beatrice's husband, Ludovico Sforza , Duke of Milan, who had been forced to leave his duchy in the wake of French occupation. Isabella presented Cecilia to King Louis, describing her as a "lady of rare gifts and charm". A year after her 1502 marriage to Isabella's brother Alfonso,

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