Sutter Health is a not-for-profit integrated health delivery system headquartered in Sacramento , California . It operates 24 acute care hospitals and over 200 clinics in Northern California .
85-460: Sutter Hospital Association was founded in 1921 as a response to the 1918 flu pandemic . Named for nearby Sutter's Fort , its first hospital opened in 1923. Later known as Sutter Community Hospitals, the organization eventually merged with several struggling hospitals in the surrounding area. The organization takes its name from one of Sacramento ’s original European settlements, Sutter's Fort, built by California pioneer John Sutter . In response to
170-507: A biblical framing in July 1918, using an interrogative from Exodus 16 in ancient Hebrew : "One thing is for certain—the doctors are at present flabbergasted; and we suggest that rather than calling the disease influenza they should for the present until they have it in hand, say Man hu —'What is it?'" Outbreaks of influenza-like illness were documented in 1916–17 at British military hospitals in Étaples , France , and just across
255-472: A "technical" pandemic that principally affected those 26 years of age and younger. While some natural explanations, such as the virus remaining in some frozen state for 20 years, have been proposed to explain this unprecedented phenomenon, the nature of influenza itself has been cited in favor of human involvement of some kind, such as an accidental leak from a lab where the old virus had been preserved for research purposes. Following this miniature pandemic,
340-399: A Bayesian probabilistic reasoning system based on the medical history and differential diagnosis approaches used in clinical medicine. A doctor would input the patient's signs, symptoms, and findings, and the system would provide a ranked list of probabilistic conditions. A visual display would also indicate how each data point entered had contributed to the relative statistical weighting of
425-786: A late peak between January–April 1920. Mexico experienced a fourth wave between February and March. In South America, Peru experienced "asynchronous recrudescent waves" throughout the year. A severe third wave hit Lima , the capital city, between January and March, resulting in an all-cause excess mortality rate approximately four times greater than that of the 1918–1919 wave. Ica similarly experienced another severe pandemic wave in 1920, between July and October. A fourth wave also occurred in Brazil, in February. Korea and Taiwan , both colonies of Japan at this time, also experienced pronounced outbreaks in late 1919 and early 1920. By mid-1920,
510-819: A major outbreak of the illness spread among people who had attended the parade. From Europe, the second wave swept through Russia in a southwest–northeast diagonal front, as well as being brought to Arkhangelsk by the North Russia intervention , and then spread throughout Asia following the Russian Civil War and the Trans-Siberian railway , reaching Iran (where it spread through the holy city of Mashhad ), and then later India in September, as well as China and Japan in October. The celebrations of
595-651: A major training ground for troops of the American Expeditionary Forces , to other U.S. Army camps and Europe, becoming an epidemic in the Midwest , East Coast , and French ports by April 1918, and reaching the Western Front by the middle of the month. It then quickly spread to the rest of France, Great Britain, Italy, and Spain and in May reached Wrocław and Odessa . After the signing of
680-583: A popular song from a zarzuela . Spanish flu ( gripe española ) is now a common name in Spain, but remains controversial there. Othering derived from geopolitical borders and social boundaries. In Poland it was the ' Bolshevik disease', while the Bolsheviks referred to it as the ' Kirghiz disease'. Some Africans called it a 'white man's sickness', but in South Africa , white men also used
765-423: A profit in wartime), Otjiherero : 'kaapitohanga' (disease which passes through like a bullet), and Persian : nakhushi-yi bad (disease of the wind). This outbreak was also commonly known as the 'great influenza epidemic', after the 'great war', a common name for World War I before World War II . French military doctors originally called it 'disease 11' ( maladie onze ). German doctors downplayed
850-460: A public information campaign before the end of the summer, and Britain began preparations in the autumn with the manufacture of vaccine. In Japan, the flu broke out again in December and spread rapidly throughout the country, a fact attributed at the time to the coming of cold weather. Pandemic-related measures were renewed to check the spread of the outbreak, and health authorities recommended
935-667: A result of the lifting of the ban on public gatherings. Pandemic interventions, such as bans on public gatherings and the closing of schools, were reimposed in many places in an attempt to suppress the spread. There was "a very sudden and very marked rise in general death rate" in most cities in January 1919; nearly all experienced "some degree of recrudescence" of the flu in January and February. Significant outbreaks occurred in cities including Los Angeles , New York City, Memphis , Nashville , San Francisco , and St. Louis . By 21 February, with some local variation, influenza activity
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#17327976356231020-617: A strict maritime quarantine had shielded the country through the latter part of 1918. It assumed epidemic proportions first in Melbourne , peaking in mid-February. The flu soon appeared in neighboring New South Wales and South Australia and then spread across the country throughout the year. New South Wales experienced its first wave of infection between mid-March and late May, while a second, more severe wave occurred in Victoria between April and June. Land quarantine measures hindered
1105-633: Is fundamentally the same condition as the influenza of this present pandemic." This " purulent bronchitis " is not yet linked to the same A/H1N1 virus, but it may be a precursor. In 1918, ' epidemic influenza ' ( Italian : influenza , influence), also known at the time as 'the grip' ( French : la grippe , grasp), appeared in Kansas in the U.S. during late spring, and early reports from Spain began appearing on 21 May. Reports from both places called it 'three-day fever' ( fiebre de los tres días ). Many alternative names are exonyms in
1190-503: Is in town," making 'the Spanish lady' another common name. The outbreak did not originate in Spain (see below ), but reporting did, due to wartime censorship in belligerent nations. Spain was a neutral country unconcerned with appearances of combat readiness , and without a wartime propaganda machine to prop up morale ; so its newspapers freely reported epidemic effects, including King Alfonso XIII 's illness, making Spain
1275-498: Is supported by a medical knowledge base built and reviewed by doctors that references the scientific medical literature, textbooks, regional epidemiology, disease models, and case reports including a range of several thousand common and rare diseases. At the end of their assessment the user is presented with a "triage" recommendation that suggests the level of urgency required and directs users to care options ranging from self-care at home to immediately seeking emergency care. In addition
1360-506: The 1918 flu pandemic , community leaders constructed the first Sutter Hospital in the vicinity of the fort, replacing an old adobe house that had previously served as a makeshift hospital. Sutter Medical Center, Sacramento occupies this site today. Other Sutter Health hospitals date back to the 1800s and were some of Northern California's earliest healthcare providers. For example, California Pacific Medical Center in San Francisco
1445-506: The 1977 Russian flu and the 2009 Swine flu pandemics. This pandemic was known by many different names—some old, some new—depending on place, time, and context. The etymology of alternative names historicises the scourge and its effects on people who would only learn years later that invisible viruses caused influenza . The lack of scientific answers led the Sierra Leone Weekly News ( Freetown ) to suggest
1530-516: The Armistice of 11 November 1918 also caused outbreaks in Lima and Nairobi , but by December the wave was mostly over. The second wave of the 1918 pandemic was much more deadly than the first. The first wave had resembled typical flu epidemics; those most at risk were the sick and elderly, while younger, healthier people recovered easily. October 1918 was the month with the highest fatality rate of
1615-645: The Boston Navy Yard and Camp Devens (later renamed Fort Devens ), about 30 miles west of Boston, other U.S. military sites were soon afflicted, as were troops being transported to Europe. Helped by troop movements, it spread over the next two months to all of North America, and then to Central and South America , also reaching Brazil and the Caribbean on ships. In July 1918, the Ottoman Empire saw its first cases in some soldiers. From Freetown,
1700-553: The English Channel at Aldershot , England . Clinical indications in common with the 1918 pandemic included rapid symptom progression to a "dusky" heliotrope cyanosis of the face. This characteristic blue-violet cyanosis in expiring patients led to the name 'purple death'. The Aldershot physicians later wrote in The Lancet , "the influenza pneumococcal purulent bronchitis we and others described in 1916 and 1917
1785-654: The Treaty of Brest-Litovsk (March 1918), Germany started releasing Russian prisoners of war, who then brought the disease to their country. It reached North Africa, India, and Japan in May, and soon after had likely gone around the world as there had been recorded cases in Southeast Asia in April. In June an outbreak was reported in China . After reaching Australia in July, the wave started to recede. The first wave of
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#17327976356231870-571: The ethnophaulism 'kaffersiekte' (lit. negro disease). Japan blamed sumo wrestlers for bringing the disease home from a match in Taiwan by calling it 'sumo flu' ( Sumo Kaze ), even though three top wrestlers died there. World Health Organization 'best practices' first published in 2015 now aim to prevent social stigma by no longer associating culturally significant names with new diseases, listing "Spanish flu" under "examples to be avoided". Many authors now eschew calling this
1955-469: The first of these post-1918 pandemics , in 1957, the virus was totally displaced by the novel H2N2 , the reassortant product of the human H1N1 and an avian influenza virus, which thereafter became the active influenza A virus in humans. In 1977, an influenza virus bearing a very close resemblance to the seasonal H1N1, which had not been seen since the 1950s, appeared in Russia and subsequently initiated
2040-628: The influenza A virus . The earliest documented case was March 1918 in the state of Kansas in the United States, with further cases recorded in France, Germany and the United Kingdom in April. Two years later, nearly a third of the global population, or an estimated 500 million people, had been infected in four successive waves. Estimates of deaths range from 17 million to 50 million, and possibly as high as 100 million, making it one of
2125-528: The 'Spanish grip'. And wherefore Spanish? …this epidemic was not born in Spain, and this should be recorded as a historic vindication." But before this letter could be published, The Serbian Newspaper ( Corfu ) said, "Various countries have been assigning the origin of this imposing guest to each other for quite some time, and at one point in time they agreed to assign its origin to the kind and neutral Spain…" French press initially used 'American flu', but adopted 'Spanish flu' in lieu of antagonizing an ally. In
2210-607: The European Union's Medical Device Regulation ( Regulation (EU) 2017/745 , EU-MRR). [2] [3] The company operates a quality management system certified under ISO 13485 , and in the UK has passed UKCA marking assessment. Ada has been compared to WebMD , Babylon's GP at Hand app, and Your.MD . In October 2017, when three apps were tested with symptoms from asthma , shingles , alcohol-related liver disease , and urinary tract infection , Ada performed very well; it asked about
2295-568: The Marin Healthcare District. Sutter Health doctors and hospitals provide a variety of clinical services including cancer care, complementary medicine, diabetes care, heart care, children's health, home health/hospice, mental health care, orthopedics, pregnancy and childbirth, sleep disorders, transplant services, and weight loss surgery (bariatrics). Sutter Health affiliates have been nationally recognized for cardiac care, neonatology, transplant care, and neurosurgery. Until
2380-733: The Patient Advocate, and The Leapfrog Group . Sutter Health-affiliated hospitals and medical groups have been recognized by several independent healthcare quality organizations. For example: In 2014, the Brookings Institution and The Atlantic wrote about Sutter Health's nationally recognized Advanced Illness Management program, which improves quality of life for patients with advanced, chronic illness, reduces unnecessary hospitalizations, and makes care more cost-effective. In 2015, NPR in Los Angeles reported that
2465-441: The Spanish flu, instead using variations of '1918–19/20 flu/influenza pandemic'. Some language endonyms did not name specific regions or groups of people. Examples specific to this pandemic include: Northern Ndebele : 'Malibuzwe' (let enquiries be made concerning it), Swahili : 'Ugonjo huo kichwa na kukohoa na kiuno' (the disease of head and coughing and spine), Yao : 'chipindupindu' (disease from seeking to make
2550-696: The Sutter Health network doctors are standardizing treatment and testing options to make care more consistent and help reduce overall costs for patients while maintaining care quality. In 2020, 60 minutes ran a story about the effects of Sutter and the dramatic cost increases. In 2004, Sutter Health implemented a systemwide policy for charity care and health care discounts for uninsured and underinsured patients. In 2006 Sutter Health expanded its policy to offer automatic discounts to uninsured patients. Later, along with several other health systems, it reached settlement agreements in class-action lawsuits related to
2635-503: The United States as early as late November 1918, with the Public Health Service issuing its first report of a "recrudescence of the disease" being felt in "widely scattered localities" in early December. This resurgent activity varied across the country, however, possibly on account of differing restrictions. Michigan , for example, experienced a swift resurgence of influenza that reached its peak in December, possibly as
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2720-421: The United States subsided as swiftly as it had appeared, reaching a peak in early February. "An epidemic of considerable proportions marked the early months of 1920", the U.S. Mortality Statistics would later note; according to data at this time, the epidemic resulted in one third as many deaths as the 1918–1919 experience. New York City alone reported 6,374 deaths between December 1919 and April 1920, almost twice
2805-914: The advent of managed care, and other financial pressures fueled an increase in hospital and physician organization mergers, acquisitions, and affiliations. By 1995, Sutter Health had grown to include 18 affiliated hospitals, seven medical foundations (physician organizations), and numerous outpatient care centers throughout Northern California. In 1986, Pacific Presbyterian Medical Center in San Francisco , Mills-Peninsula Hospital in San Mateo , and Marin General Hospital in Greenbrae created an affiliation known as California Healthcare System (CHS). Berkeley-based Alta Bates Corporation (now known as Alta Bates Summit Medical Center ) joined CHS in 1992,
2890-413: The aim of improving the quality, access, and cost of healthcare delivery." A 2019, retrospective study evaluated Ada DX in rare disease diagnosis. Ada's top suggestion matched the confirmed diagnosis in 89% of cases (83 of 93 cases). In more than 56% of cases, Ada provided correct disease suggestions earlier than the time of clinical diagnosis. More than 33% of patients could have been identified as having
2975-525: The app lists a number of "possible causes" that suggest medical conditions that might be causing the problem. Ada's software is available in English (US and UK), German , Spanish , Portuguese , Swahili , Romanian , and French . [1] Ada's product available to healthcare enterprise clients, and the Ada consumer app (i.e. downloadable from app stores) are both CE-certified Class IIa medical devices under
3060-544: The apparent locus of the epidemic. The censorship was so effective that Spain's health officials were unaware its neighboring countries were similarly affected. In an October 1918 "Madrid Letter" to the Journal of the American Medical Association , a Spanish official protested, "we were surprised to learn that the disease was making ravages in other countries, and that people there were calling it
3145-534: The billing of uninsured patients. In 2014, the United Food and Commercial Workers (UFCW) union & Employers Benefit Trust (UEBT) filed a class action antitrust lawsuit against Sutter Health. In 2018, the Attorney General of California filed a lawsuit against Sutter Health, alleging antitrust. The Attorney General and UFCW ultimately settled their combined cases out of court in December 2019. Under
3230-409: The claim that young adults had a high mortality during the pandemic has been contested. Malnourishment, overcrowded medical camps and hospitals, and poor hygiene , exacerbated by the war, promoted bacterial superinfection , killing most of the victims after a typically prolonged death bed. The 1918 Spanish flu was the first of three flu pandemics caused by H1N1 influenza A virus ; the others being
3315-560: The country were soon to follow. Certain pandemic restrictions, such as the closing of schools and theaters and the staggering of business hours to avoid congestion, were reimposed in cities like Chicago, Memphis, and New York City. As they had during the epidemic in fall 1918, schools in New York City remained open, while those in Memphis were shuttered as part of more general restrictions on public gatherings. The fourth wave in
3400-399: The deadliest pandemics in history . The pandemic broke out near the end of World War I , when wartime censors in the belligerent countries suppressed bad news to maintain morale , but newspapers freely reported the outbreak in neutral Spain , creating a false impression of Spain as the epicenter and leading to the "Spanish flu" misnomer. Limited historical epidemiological data make
3485-474: The disease was regarded as being milder than it had been the year before, albeit more infectious. Despite its rapid peak at the beginning of the year, the outbreak persisted throughout the winter, before subsiding in the spring. In the United States, there were "almost continuously isolated or solitary cases" of flu throughout the spring and summer months of 1919. An increase in scattered cases became apparent as early as September, but Chicago experienced one of
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3570-716: The disease was soon misnamed 'Spanish influenza'. In a 2 June 1918 The Times of London dispatch titled, "The Spanish Epidemic," a correspondent in Madrid reported over 100,000 victims of, "The unknown disease…clearly of a gripal character," without referring to "Spanish influenza" directly. Three weeks later The Times reported that, "Everybody thinks of it as the 'Spanish' influenza to-day." Three days after that an advertisement appeared in The Times for Formamint tablets to prevent "Spanish influenza". When it reached Moscow, Pravda announced, " Ispánka (the Spanish lady)
3655-449: The disease, a novel one in 1918, assumed a more familiar nature, coming to represent at least one form of the "seasonal flu". The virus, H1N1, remained endemic, occasionally causing more severe or otherwise notable outbreaks as it gradually evolved over the years. The period since its initial appearance in 1918 has been termed a "pandemic era", in which all flu pandemics since its emergence have been caused by its own descendants. Following
3740-467: The editors of the U.S. Public Health Service 's academic journal Public Health Reports . Within days of the 4 March first case at Camp Funston, 522 men at the camp had reported sick. By 11 March 1918, the virus had reached Queens , New York. Failure to take preventive measures in March/April was later criticized. As the U.S. had entered World War I, the disease quickly spread from Camp Funston,
3825-461: The first major outbreaks of the flu beginning in the middle of January. The Public Health Service announced it would take steps to "localize the epidemic", but the disease was already causing a simultaneous outbreak in Kansas City and quickly spread outward from the center of the country in no clear direction. A few days after its first announcement, PHS issued another assuring that the disease
3910-539: The first quarter of 1918. However, the first wave caused a significant disruption in the military operations of World War I , with three-quarters of French troops, half the British forces, and over 900,000 German soldiers sick. The second wave began in the second half of August 1918, probably spreading to Boston , Massachusetts and Freetown , Sierra Leone , by ships from Brest , where it had likely arrived with American troops or French recruits for naval training. From
3995-459: The first time just in October 1918, experienced a severe second wave, with mortality peaking in August 1919. Montevideo similarly experienced a second outbreak between July and September. The third wave particularly affected Spain, Serbia , Mexico and Great Britain, resulting in hundreds of thousands of deaths. It was in general less severe than the second wave but still much more deadly than
4080-415: The flu lasted from the first quarter of 1918 and was relatively mild. Mortality rates were not appreciably above normal; in the United States ~75,000 flu-related deaths were reported in the first six months of 1918, compared to ~63,000 deaths during the same time period in 1915. In Madrid, Spain, fewer than 1,000 people died from influenza between May and June 1918. There were no reported quarantines during
4165-555: The form of a true "third wave". Hong Kong experienced another outbreak in June, as did South Africa during its fall and winter months in the Southern Hemisphere . New Zealand also experienced some cases in May. Parts of South America experienced a resurgence of pandemic activity throughout 1919. A third wave hit Brazil between January and June. Between July 1919 and February 1920, Chile , which had been affected for
4250-571: The geographic origin of the Spanish flu. However, several theories have been proposed. Ada Health Ada Health was founded in 2011, by Dr. Claire Novorol, Professor Martin Hirsch, and Daniel Nathrath. Ada Health is a provider of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning tools. The company has headquarters in Berlin , with offices in Boca Raton , London , and Toronto . Ada
4335-522: The initial first wave. In the Northern Hemisphere, fears of a "recurrence" of the flu grew as fall approached. Experts cited the history of past flu epidemics, such as that of 1889–1890, to predict that such a recurrence a year later was not unlikely, though not all agreed. In September 1919, U.S. Surgeon General Rupert Blue said a return of the flu later in the year would "probably, but by no means certainly," occur. France had readied
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#17327976356234420-558: The jersey sponsor of the San Jose Earthquakes . In 2019, the Sacramento River Cats stadium was renamed Sutter Health Park . Sutter Health consists of 24 acute care hospitals and five medical foundations, plus specialized centers for surgery, cancer care, cardiac care, rehab, and home care. In 2010, Marin General Hospital (now MarinHealth Medical Center) left Sutter Health to operate independently under
4505-485: The last quarter of 1918 alone. Pandemic activity persisted, in general, into 1919 in many places. This persistence in activity is possibly attributable to climate, specifically in the Northern Hemisphere , where it was winter and thus the usual time for influenza activity. The pandemic nonetheless continued into 1919 largely independent of region and climate. Cases began to rise again in some parts of
4590-577: The most important symptoms and provided the best diagnoses. It produced diagrams showing which of the symptoms for each disease were present, the strength of the link, and a diagram of the percentage of people likely to have that diagnosis. In September 2020, Broadband Commission for Sustainable Development issued a report identifying Ada as one of the AI solutions that have the "potential to address existing health inequalities and provide medical expertise to clinicians, health workers, and patients alike – all with
4675-425: The number of the first wave in spring 1918. Other U.S. cities including Detroit, Milwaukee, Kansas City, Minneapolis, and St. Louis were hit particularly hard, with death rates higher than all of 1918. The Territory of Hawaii experienced its peak of the pandemic in early 1920, recording 1,489 deaths from flu-related causes, compared with 615 in 1918 and 796 in 1919. Poland experienced a devastating outbreak during
4760-431: The opening of UCSF Benioff Children's Hospital 's pediatric emergency department in 2013, Sutter ran the only pediatric emergency department in San Francisco. Scout by Sutter Health is a 12-week, nonclinical program targeted at people aged 12 to 26 designed to help them deal with anxiety, depression, and stress. It has weekly screenings for anxiety and depression. Personalized content is determined by their responses to
4845-905: The pandemic continued to spread through West Africa along the coast, rivers, and the colonial railways, and from railheads to more remote communities, while South Africa received it in September on ships bringing back members of the South African Native Labour Corps returning from France. From there it spread around southern Africa and beyond the Zambezi , reaching Ethiopia in November. On 15 September, New York City saw its first fatality from influenza. The Philadelphia Liberty Loans Parade , held in Philadelphia , Pennsylvania , on 28 September 1918 to promote government bonds for World War I, resulted in 12,000 deaths after
4930-406: The pandemic was largely considered to be "over" by the public as well as governments. Though parts of Chile experienced a third, milder wave between November 1920 and March 1921, the flu seemed to be mostly absent through the winter of 1920–1921. In the United States, for example, deaths from pneumonia and influenza were "very much lower than for many years". Seasonal Influenza after the end of
5015-484: The pandemic's geographic origin indeterminate, with competing hypotheses on the initial spread. Most influenza outbreaks disproportionately kill the young and old, with a higher survival rate in-between, but this pandemic had unusually high mortality for young adults. Scientists offer several explanations for the high mortality, including a six-year climate anomaly affecting migration of disease vectors with increased likelihood of spread through bodies of water. However,
5100-499: The pandemic, began to be reported again from many places in 1921. Influenza continued to be felt in Chile, where a post pandemic fourth wave affected seven of its 24 provinces between June and December 1921. The winter of 1921–1922 was the first major reappearance of seasonal influenza in the Northern Hemisphere after the pandemic ended, in many parts its most significant occurrence since the main pandemic in late 1918. Northwestern Europe
5185-476: The potential for digital tools to aid in faster and more accurate decision-making for doctors, she founded a digital health network for medical professionals called "Doctorpreneurs". It was through this network that she met her co-founders in Berlin. Ada's first product, "Ada DX" was originally a clinical decision support technology aimed at assisting doctors in accurately diagnosing rare diseases. The system used
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#17327976356235270-598: The practice of making new infectious diseases seem foreign. This pattern was observed even before the 1889–1890 pandemic , also known as the 'Russian flu', when the Russians already called epidemic influenza the 'Chinese catarrh', the Germans called it the 'Russian pest', while the Italians in turn called it the 'German disease'. These epithets were re-used in the 1918 pandemic, along with new ones. Outside Spain,
5355-419: The probable conditions suggested. In 2016, the business pivoted from supporting doctors directly to supporting patients experiencing a new health problem with a browser-based online tool and smartphone app, commonly referred to as a "symptom checker" called Assess. Users enter their demographics, medical history, and interact with a chatbot that asks them about the symptoms, duration of illness, and severity of
5440-431: The problems they are experiencing. The Assess tool is available for a wide variety of patients, including children, pregnant people, those with mental health concerns, and the elderly. The probabilistic reasoning software supporting the software dynamically adjusts the questions asked to the user based on their previous answer, while also trying to ask as few questions as possible to prevent fatigue. This reasoning software
5525-516: The reemerged H1N1 became endemic once again but did not displace the other active influenza A virus, H3N2 (which itself had displaced H2N2 through a pandemic in 1968 ). For the first time, two influenza A viruses were observed in cocirculation. This state of affairs has persisted even after 2009, when a novel H1N1 virus emerged, sparked a pandemic , and thereafter took the place of the seasonal H1N1 to circulate alongside H3N2. Despite its name, historical and epidemiological data cannot identify
5610-490: The same year that saw the creation of California Pacific Medical Center , formed through a merger of Pacific Presbyterian and Children's Hospital of San Francisco. In January 1996, California Healthcare System merged with Sutter Health. The new century brought advances in healthcare technology. Sutter Health was among the first health systems in the United States to install barcode medication safety technology and an electronic intensive care unit. In 2016, Sutter Health became
5695-479: The screenings. Modules are also sent to caregivers, mostly parents. Exercises are offered. Nonclinical guides are provided by Boston-based Docent Health. In 2022, Ada Health was integrated into the program. Sutter Health doctors and hospitals participate in voluntary and mandatory programs that publicly report patient satisfaction, cost, utilization, and quality of care measures. These include Hospital Compare , California Healthcare Foundation , California Office of
5780-461: The severity by calling it 'pseudo influenza' (Latin: pseudo , false), while in Africa, doctors tried to get patients to take it more seriously by calling it 'influenza vera' (Latin: vera , true). A children's song from the 1889–90 flu pandemic was shortened and adapted into a skipping-rope rhyme popular in 1918. It is a metaphor for the transmissibility of 'Influenza', where that name
5865-431: The spread of the disease, resulting in varied experiences of exposures and outbreaks among the various states. Queensland was not infected until late April; Western Australia avoided the disease until early June, and Tasmania remained free from it until mid-August. Out of the six states, Victoria and New South Wales experienced generally more extensive epidemics. Each experienced another significant wave of illness over
5950-534: The spring of 1918, British soldiers called it 'Flanders flu', while German soldiers used ' Flandern-Fieber ' (Flemish fever), both after a famous battlefield in Belgium where many soldiers on both sides fell ill. In Senegal it was named 'Brazilian flu', and in Brazil , 'German flu'. In Spain it was also known as the 'French flu' ( gripe francesa ), or the 'Naples Soldier' ( Soldado de Nápoles ), after
6035-531: The striking workers for a week. In 2016, Sutter Health told Berkeley's mayor that Sutter Health plans to close Alta Bates in 2030. Sutter claimed that it is infeasible to do seismic upgrades that would be required to keep the hospital open. The City of Berkeley is conducting a study to assess the impact of closing Alta Bates on the region; a summary presented by Berkeley's mayor Jesse Arreguin and Berkeley Councilmember Sophie Hahn on May 20, 2024 highlighted impacts to people of color, Medi-Cal and Medicare patients, and
6120-761: The terms of the settlement, Sutter was not required to admit wrongdoing, but will pay plaintiffs $ 575 million in damages, and has agreed to significantly change its anti-competitive business practices. Sutter Health's physician organizations, hospitals, home health, and other services have nearly 60 locally negotiated collective bargaining agreements with more than one dozen different labor unions. Approximately 13,700 employees have elected to work under labor union contracts. In April of 2022 over 8,000 nurses and other healthcare workers in 15 Northern California Sutter Health facilities represented by California Nurses Association and affiliates struck for one day, asking for "safer staffing levels" and other contract demands. Sutter locked out
6205-524: The uninsured especially. A February 2024 article is here: https://www.berkeleyside.org/2024/02/28/berkeley-to-fund-study-on-alta-bates-closure-impact-local-health-needs 1918 flu pandemic The 1918–1920 flu pandemic , also known as the Great Influenza epidemic or by the common misnomer Spanish flu , was an exceptionally deadly global influenza pandemic caused by the H1N1 subtype of
6290-418: The use of masks. The epidemic intensified in the latter part of December before swiftly peaking in January. Between October 1919 and 23 January 1920, 780,000 cases were reported across the country, with at least 20,000 deaths recorded by that date. This apparently reflected "a condition of severity three times greater than for the corresponding period of" 1918–1919, during Japan's first epidemic. Nonetheless,
6375-473: The whole pandemic. In the United States, ~292,000 deaths were reported between September–December 1918, compared to ~26,000 during the same time period in 1915. The Netherlands reported over 40,000 deaths from influenza and acute respiratory disease. Bombay reported ~15,000 deaths in a population of 1.1 million. The 1918 flu pandemic in India was especially deadly, with an estimated 12.5–20 million deaths in
6460-567: The winter months, with its capital Warsaw reaching a peak of 158 deaths in a single week, compared to the peak of 92 reached in December 1918; however, the 1920 epidemic passed in a matter of weeks, while the 1918–1919 wave had developed over the entire second half of 1918. By contrast, the outbreak in western Europe was considered "benign", with the age distribution of deaths beginning to take on that of seasonal flu . Five countries in Europe (Spain, Denmark, Finland, Germany and Switzerland) recorded
6545-507: The winter. The second epidemic in New South Wales was more severe than the first, while Victoria saw a third wave that was somewhat less extensive than its second, more akin to its first. The disease also reached other parts of the world for the first time in 1919, such as Madagascar , which saw its first cases in April; the outbreak had spread to practically all sections of the island by June. In other parts, influenza recurred in
6630-578: Was clipped to the apheresis 'Enza': I had a little bird, its name was Enza. I opened the window, and in-flu-enza. The pandemic is conventionally marked as having begun on 4 March 1918 with the recording of the case of Albert Gitchell, an army cook at Camp Funston in Kansas , United States, despite there having been cases before him. The disease had already been observed 200 miles (320 km) away in Haskell County as early as January 1918, prompting local doctor Loring Miner to warn
6715-415: Was affected by "a substantial recrudescent wave" of influenza between January and April 1919. Portugal experienced a resurgence in pandemic activity that lasted from March to September 1919, with the greatest impact being felt on the west coast and in the north of the country; all districts were affected between April and May specifically. Influenza entered Australia for the first time in January 1919 after
6800-479: Was established in 2011 by Dr. Claire Novorol (a clinician), Professor Martin Hirsch (an expert in artificial intelligence ) and Daniel Nathrath (an entrepreneur). Dr. Novorol, a provider in the UK's National Health Service, found inspiration for the company in clinical genetics, after successfully diagnosing a baby with a rare genetic condition through her searches in medical literature and scientific databases at Addenbrooke's Hospital , Cambridge . Upon recognizing
6885-516: Was formed out of the successive hospital and medical school mergers dating back to the city's earliest days of organized medicine. The predecessor of today's Sutter Santa Rosa Regional Hospital opened its doors to residents of Sonoma County in 1866. Many of the health care facilities that eventually became part of the Sutter Health network were created as charitable hospitals by community members in cities coping with growing populations, epidemics, fires, floods and earthquakes. Government cutbacks,
6970-634: Was not until later in the winter and into the spring that a clearer resurgence appeared in Europe. A significant third wave had developed in England and Wales by mid-February, peaking in early March, though it did not fully subside until May. France also experienced a significant wave that peaked in February, alongside the Netherlands. Norway , Finland , and Switzerland saw recrudescences of pandemic activity in March, and Sweden in April. Much of Spain
7055-533: Was particularly affected. All-cause mortality in the Netherlands approximately doubled in January 1922 alone. In Helsinki , a major epidemic (the fifth since 1918) prevailed between November and December 1921. The flu was also widespread in the United States, its prevalence in California reportedly greater in early March 1922 than at any point since the pandemic ended in 1920. In the years after 1920,
7140-414: Was reported to have been declining since mid-January in all parts of the country. Following this "first great epidemic period" that had commenced in October 1918, deaths from pneumonia and influenza were "somewhat below average" in the large cities of the United States between May 1919 and January 1920. Nonetheless, nearly 160,000 deaths were attributed to these causes in the first six months of 1919. It
7225-498: Was under the control of state health authorities and that an outbreak of epidemic proportions was not expected. It became apparent within days of the start of Chicago's explosive growth in cases that the flu was spreading in the city at an even faster rate than in winter 1919, though fewer were dying. Within a week, new cases in the city had surpassed its peak during the 1919 wave. Around the same time, New York City began to see its own sudden increase in cases, and other cities around
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