The Sumac Centre is a self-managed social centre in Nottingham , UK. It provides resources, meeting spaces and workshops for groups and individuals, and supports campaigning for human rights , animal rights , the environment , and peace . It is part of the UK Social Centre Network and the radical catering group Veggies is based at the centre. It receives no regular funding , the core groups each pay rent that goes toward the mortgage and running costs. Some of the groups are run by volunteers . Its origins can to traced to the Rainbow Centre, which was established in 1984.
24-841: In April 1984,a group of people based in Nottingham associated with the Environmental Fact Shop, Friends of the Earth (FoE) and the Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament (CND) founded the Rainbow Centre Co-operative. The following year in September the co-operative rented premises at 180 Mansfield Road and set up the Rainbow Centre which was focused on peace and environmental issues. In 1988,
48-545: A difficulty of trying to extend a social welfare function consistently across different hypothetical ordinal utility functions even apart from justice. Utility maximization survives, even with the rise of ordinal-utility / Pareto theory, as an ethical basis for economic-policy judgments in the wealth-maximization criterion invoked in law and economics . Amartya Sen (1970), Kenneth Arrow (1983), Serge-Christophe Kolm (1969, 1996, 2000), and others have considered ways in which utilitarianism as an approach to justice
72-516: A dignified, productive and creative life that extends beyond simple economics. Models of economic justice frequently represent the ethical-social requirements of a given theory, whether "in the large", as of a just social order , or "in the small", as in the equity of "how institutions distribute specific benefits and burdens". That theory may or may not elicit acceptance. In the Journal of Economic Literature classification codes 'justice'
96-489: A low budget venture which has been put together using recycled materials and donated plants, containers, pots etc. In April 2024, the Sumac Centre celebrated its fortieth year (including Rainbow Centre) with a festival weekend. The Sumac Centre supports campaigning for human rights , animal rights , the environment , and peace . It is a secondary co-operative and a member of Radical Routes . The Sumac Centre
120-408: A particular country may name itself Friends of the Earth or an equivalent translated phrase in the national language, e.g., Friends of the Earth (US) , Friends of the Earth (EWNI) (England Wales and Northern Ireland), Amigos de la Tierra (Spain and Argentina). However, roughly half of the member groups work under their own names, sometimes reflecting an independent origin and subsequent accession to
144-499: Is a set of moral and ethical principles for building economic institutions , where the ultimate goal is to create an opportunity for each person to establish a sufficient material foundation upon which to have a dignified, productive, and creative life. ." Justice in economics is a subcategory of social justice and welfare economics . It is a "set of moral and ethical principles for building economic institutions". Economic justice aims to create opportunities for every person to have
168-422: Is a subarea of social choice theory , for example as to extended sympathy , and more generally in the work of Arrow, Sen, and others. A broad reinterpretation of justice from the perspective of game theory , social contract theory , and evolutionary naturalism is found in the works of Ken Binmore (1994, 1998, 2004) and others. Arguments on fairness as an aspect of justice have been invoked to explain
192-423: Is an annual report on the methods and impact of industrial animal agriculture . The publication consists of 27 short essays and, with the help of graphs, visualises facts about the production and consumption of meat. The Meat Atlas is jointly published by Friends of the Earth and Heinrich Böll Foundation . Economic justice Economic justice is a component of social justice and welfare economics . It
216-555: Is constrained or challenged by independent claims of equality in the distribution of primary goods , liberty, entitlements , opportunity , exclusion of antisocial preferences, possible capabilities , and fairness as non-envy plus Pareto efficiency . Alternate approaches have treated combining concern for the worst off with economic efficiency , the notion of personal responsibility and (de)merits of leveling individual benefits downward, claims of intergenerational justice , and other non- welfarist /Pareto approaches. Justice
240-520: Is scrolled to at JEL: D63 , wedged on the same line between ' Equity ' and ' Inequality ' along with 'Other Normative Criteria and Measurement'. Categories above and below the line are Externalities and Altruism . Some ideas about justice and ethics overlap with the origins of economic thought, often as to distributive justice and sometimes as to Marxian analysis. The subject is a topic of normative economics and philosophy and economics . In early welfare economics, where mentioned, 'justice'
264-505: Is the ExCom which employs the secretariat. At the same general meeting, overall policies and priority activities are agreed. In addition to work which is coordinated at the FoEI level, national member groups are free to carry out their own campaigns and to work bi- or multi-laterally as they see fit, as long as this does not go against agreed policy at the international level. The Meat Atlas
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#1732801646414288-642: The Sierra Club because of the latter's positive approach to nuclear energy . It became an international network of organizations in 1971 with a meeting of representatives from four countries: U.S. , Sweden , the UK and France . FoEI currently has a secretariat (based in Amsterdam , Netherlands ) which provides support for the network and its agreed major campaigns. The executive committee of elected representatives from national groups sets policy and oversees
312-598: The Earth Friends of the Earth International ( FoEI ) is an international network of grassroots environmental organizations in 73 countries. About half of the member groups call themselves "Friends of the Earth" in their own languages; the others use other names. The organization was founded in 1969 in San Francisco by David Brower , Donald Aitken, and Gary Soucie after Brower's split with
336-622: The Earth's most recent campaigns and legal battles was the " Shell Case ", led by Milieudefensie (Friends of the Earth Netherlands). In 2021, a court in the Netherlands ruled in a landmark case that the oil giant Shell must reduce its emissions in 2030 by 45% compared to 2019 levels. This was the first time that a company had been legally obliged to align its policies with the Paris Agreement . The member organization in
360-455: The FoE shop next door to the Rainbow Centre closed. The Rainbow Centre inherited some of the FoE literature and stock, which was added to the centre's library and shop. Veggies moved into the closed shop. They had started out by working from their members' homes, moving in meant they had their own kitchen . Veggies and the Rainbow Centre worked together, later Veggies took on the day-to-day running of
384-454: The Rainbow Centre. In 1989, as the lease for the next door premises at Mansfield Road became available, the Rainbow Centre expanded its library , and once again opened a shop. The Rainbow Centre was in a row of buildings that was poorly maintained by the landlord. The rent and building condition were a drain on the collective's finances and enthusiasm. To resolve these problems, in Autumn 2000,
408-693: The closure of the Diablo Canyon nuclear plant in California. FOEI also supports campaigns from the regions or member groups, such as the one on the consumption and intensive production of meat ( Meat Atlas ) by Friends of the Earth Europe . FOEI claims that it has been successful as it has eliminated billions in taxpayer subsidies to corporate polluters, reformed the World Bank to address environmental and human rights concerns, pushed
432-531: The current campaign priorities of Friends of the Earth International are: economic justice and resisting neoliberalism ; forests and biodiversity ; food sovereignty ; and climate justice and energy. The campaign priorities of FOEI are set at its bi-annual general meeting. Additionally, FOEI also plans campaigns in other fields, such as waste and overcomsumption, international financial institutions, ecological debt, mining and extractive industries , and opposition to nuclear power . FOEI has campaigned for
456-682: The debate on global warming to pressure the U.S. and U.K. to attempt the best legislation possible, stopped more than 150 destructive dams and water projects worldwide, pressed and won landmark regulations of strip mines and oil tankers and banned international whaling . Its critics claim that the organization tries only to obtain media attention (as by releasing the song "Love Song to the Earth"), but does not stay with locals to actually solve complicated problems, and that it prevents development in developing countries. They have also been critical of its policy to accept high levels of funding from companies and charities related to oil and gas. One of Friends of
480-546: The members of the Rainbow Centre and Veggies began to researching the possibility of buying a building of their own. In June 2001 they purchased, via a mortgage, a former Ukrainian social club in the Forest Fields , Nottingham. A year later, in June 2002, the renovation of the building was complete and the centre was reopened, having adopted the new name of the Sumac Centre. The centre has a garden maintained by volunteers,
504-472: The network, such as Pro Natura (Switzerland) , the Korean Federation for Environmental Movement , Environmental Rights Action (FOE Nigeria) and WALHI (FOE Indonesia). Friends of the Earth International (FoEI) is supported by a secretariat based in Amsterdam , and an executive committee known as ExCom. The ExCom is elected by all member groups at a general meeting held every two years, and it
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#1732801646414528-529: The work of the secretariat. In 2016, Uruguayan activist Karin Nansen was elected to serve as chair of the organization. Sri Lankan activist Hemantha Withanage has served as chair of FoEI since 2021. Friends of the Earth International is an international membership organisation, with members spread across the world. Its advocacy programs focus on environmental, economic and social issues, highlighting their political and human rights contexts. As per its website,
552-459: Was little distinguished from maximization of all individual utility functions or a social welfare function . As to the latter, Paul Samuelson (1947), expanding on work of Abram Bergson , represents a social welfare function in general terms as any ethical belief system required to order any (hypothetically feasible) social states for the entire society as "better than", "worse than", or "indifferent to" each other. Kenneth Arrow (1963) showed
576-489: Was one of the many organisations that undercover police officer Mark Kennedy infiltrated, between 2003 and 2010. The NG7 Foodbank was based at the centre from mid 2012 until it closed at end of 2014. It closed partly due to NG7 Foodbank feeling that the council were using foodbanks as a long term strategy to avoid providing funds for welfare assistance. 52°58′16″N 1°09′47″W / 52.971°N 1.163°W / 52.971; -1.163 Friends of
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