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39-554: The Sumatra Kula cocktail was created by Donn Beach, also known as "the beachcomber" because of his Don the Beachcomber chain of restaurants, and may have been one of his very first drinks, allegedly gaining notoriety after he served it to a reporter from the New York Tribune . A book co-authored by his ex-wife Phoebe Beach claims it was his very first original mixed drink and sold for 25 cents. The drink as appearing on

78-438: A "decent minimum" for those unable to work. He used the word "civilization" in a pejorative sense; as such, "Fourier's contempt for the respectable thinkers and ideologies of his age was so intense that he always used the terms philosopher and civilization in a pejorative sense. In his lexicon civilization was a depraved order, a synonym for perfidy and constraint ... Fourier's attack on civilization had qualities not to be found in

117-408: A French philosopher , an influential early socialist thinker, and one of the founders of utopian socialism . Some of his views, held to be radical in his lifetime, have become mainstream in modern society. For instance, Fourier is credited with having originated the word feminism in 1837. Fourier's social views and proposals inspired a whole movement of intentional communities . Among them in

156-466: A complete change in the social institutions: distribution of the social product according to need, assignment of functions according to individual faculties and inclinations, constant mutation of functions, short work periods, and so on. But the possibility of "attractive labor" ( travail attrayant ) derives above all from the release of libidinal forces . Fourier assumes the existence of an attraction industrielle which makes for pleasurable co-operation. It

195-444: A corps of fairies who would soon cure them of their lovesickness, and visitors could consult the card-index of personality types for suitable partners for casual sex. He also defended homosexuality as a personal preference for some people. Anarchist Hakim Bey describes Fourier's ideas as follows: In Fourier's system of Harmony all creative activity including industry, craft, agriculture, etc. will arise from liberated passion—this

234-774: A diverse array of revolutionary thinkers and writers. Fourier was born in Besançon , France, on 7 April 1772. The son of a small businessman, Fourier was more interested in architecture than in his father's trade. He wanted to become an engineer, but the local military engineering school accepted only sons of noblemen. Fourier later said he was grateful that he did not pursue engineering because it would have taken too much time away from his efforts to help humanity. When his father died in 1781, Fourier received two-fifths of his father's estate, valued at more than 200,000 francs . This enabled Fourier to travel throughout Europe at his leisure. In 1791 he moved from Besançon to Lyon , where he

273-506: A few weeks later. Tribune editor Whitelaw Reid purchased the paper following Greeley's death. In 1886, with Reid's support, the Tribune became the first publication in the world to be printed on a linotype machine , which was invented by a German immigrant, inventor Ottmar Mergenthaler . This technique allowed it to exceed the standard newspaper size of only eight pages while still speeding up printing time per copy, thereby increasing

312-576: A large readership, with a circulation of approximately 200,000 during the 1850s. This made the paper the largest circulation daily in New York City—gaining commensurate influence among voters and political decision-makers in the process. During the Civil War Greeley crusaded against slavery, lambasting Democrats while calling for a mandatory draft of soldiers for the first time in the U.S. This led to an Irish mob attempting to burn down

351-428: A later cocktail menu from his Hollywood location depicts it as being served in a tall curved glass accompanied by a leafy garnish and selling for 85 cents. The drink was not typically ordered at other types of bars but began gaining attention again during the 21st century resurgence in tiki culture . Named in part in reference to Sumatra , some also believe that the word "kula" may be a separate and generic reference to

390-567: Is also sometimes mistakenly referred to as a Sumatra cooler , either an intentional play on words or a misunderstanding between similarly sounding "kula" and "cooler" drinks on Beach's menus (such as the Q.B. Cooler ). Regardless, the Sumatra Kula would not be a typical "cooler" drink, as it does not contain any form of sparkling water or other carbonated beverage. Like many tiki drinks, multiple variations existed as popular cocktails whose ingredients were not known were "estimated" and given

429-414: Is based on the attraction passionnée in the nature of man, which persists despite the opposition of reason, duty, prejudice. This attraction passionnée tends toward three principal objectives: the creation of "luxury, or the pleasure of the five senses"; the formation of libidinal groups (of friendship and love); and the establishment of a harmonious order, organizing these groups for work in accordance with

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468-497: Is the famous theory of "attractive labor." Fourier sexualizes work itself—the life of the Phalanstery is a continual orgy of intense feeling, intellection, & activity, a society of lovers & wild enthusiasts. Fourier supported women's rights . He believed that all important jobs should be open to women on the basis of skill and aptitude rather than closed on account of gender. He spoke of women as individuals, not as half

507-459: The "Kula exchange" , which is a reciprocal exchanging of social gifts. Beach traveled on the cheap through places where Kula was practiced such as Papua New Guinea, making the claim both plausible and speculative. In addition to being an explorer of the south pacific, Beach also traveled heavily both as a rum-runner and when he served overseas in France and Italy during World War II. The cocktail

546-564: The New-York Tribune . Greeley sponsored a host of reforms, including pacifism and feminism and especially the ideal of the hardworking free laborer. Greeley demanded reforms to make all citizens free and equal. He envisioned virtuous citizens who would eradicate corruption. He talked endlessly about progress, improvement, and freedom, while calling for harmony between labor and capital. Greeley's editorials promoted social democratic reforms and were widely reprinted. They influenced

585-605: The Tribune building in lower Manhattan during the Draft Riots . Greeley ran for president as the nominee of the Liberal Republican Party (and subsequently the Democratic Party ) in the 1872 election against incumbent Ulysses S. Grant in his bid for a second term. Greeley was unsuccessful and, soon after the defeat, checked into Dr. George C.S. Choate's Sanitarium , where he died only

624-607: The 1840s through the 1860s it was the dominant newspaper first of the American Whig Party , then of the Republican Party . The paper achieved a circulation of approximately 200,000 in the 1850s, making it the largest daily paper in New York City at the time. The Tribune ' s editorials were widely read, shared, and copied in other city newspapers, helping to shape national opinion. It was one of

663-525: The French nationalists). Fourier was one of the writers to argue that Jews were disloyal and would not make good French citizens. Like others, he placed great significance on the religious restrictions prohibiting Jews from eating at the same table as non-Jews: he confined himself to sitting down at table and drinking; he refused to eat any of the dishes, because they were prepared by Christians. Christians have to be very patient to tolerate such impertinence. In

702-579: The Jewish religion it denotes a system of defiance and aversion for other sects. Now, does a sect which wishes to carry its hatred as far as the table of its protectors, deserve to be protected? The influence of Fourier's ideas in French politics carried forward into the 1848 Revolution and the Paris Commune by followers such as Victor Considerant . "When, as a consequence of human improvement", said I, "the globe shall arrive at its final perfection,

741-469: The Mediterranean in a future phase of Perfect Harmony. Fourier said Jews were "the leprosy and the ruin of the body politic". He criticized the government for being weak and "prostrate" when confronted with what he called a "secret and indissoluble league" of Jews. Post-Medieval antisemitic rhetoric often accused Jews of being unable to assimilate into a unitary national culture (highly valued by

780-894: The United States were the community of Utopia, Ohio ; La Reunion near present-day Dallas, Texas ; Lake Zurich, Illinois ; the North American Phalanx in Red Bank, New Jersey ; Brook Farm in West Roxbury, Massachusetts ; the Community Place and Sodus Bay Phalanx in New York State; Silkville, Kansas , and several others. In Guise , France, he influenced the Familistery of Guise  [ fr ; de ; pt ] . Fourier later inspired

819-474: The course of events. He saw a world full of strife, chaos, and disorder. Fourier is best remembered for his writings on a new world order based on unity of action and harmonious collaboration. He is also known for certain utopian pronouncements, such as that the seas would lose their salinity and turn to lemonade , and a coincidental view of climate change , that the North Pole would be milder than

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858-443: The development of the individual "passions" (internal and external "play" of faculties). Fourier believed that there were 12 common passions, which resulted in 810 types of character, so the ideal phalanx would have 1,620 people. One day there would be six million of these, loosely ruled by a world " omniarch ", or (later) a World Congress of Phalanxes . He had a concern for the sexually rejected; jilted suitors would be led away by

897-509: The end of his life, Fourier advocated the return of Jews to Palestine with the assistance of the Rothschilds . John K. Roth and Richard L. Rubenstein see Fourier as motivated by economic and religious antisemitism rather than the racial antisemitism that emerged later in the century. Fourier characterized poverty (not inequality) as the principal cause of disorder in society, and proposed to eradicate it by sufficiently high wages and

936-632: The first papers in the North to send reporters, correspondents, and illustrators to cover the campaigns of the American Civil War . It continued as an independent daily newspaper until 1924, when it merged with the New York Herald . The resulting New York Herald Tribune remained in publication until 1966. Among those who served on the paper's editorial board were Bayard Taylor , George Ripley , and Isidor Lewi . The Tribune

975-801: The free-labor ideology of the Whigs and the radical wing of the Republican Party, especially in promoting the free-labor ideology. Before 1848 he sponsored an American version of Fourierist socialist reform, but backed away after the failed revolutions of 1848 in Europe. To promote multiple reforms, Greeley hired a roster of writers who later became famous in their own right, including Margaret Fuller , Charles Anderson Dana , George William Curtis , William Henry Fry , Bayard Taylor , George Ripley , Julius Chambers , and Henry Jarvis Raymond , who later co-founded The New York Times . In 1852–62,

1014-554: The human couple. Fourier saw that "traditional" marriage could potentially hurt woman's rights as human beings and thus never married. Writing before the advent of the term "homosexuality", he held that both men and women have a wide range of sexual needs and preferences, which may change throughout their lives, including same-sex attraction and androgénité . He argued that all sexual expressions should be enjoyed as long as people are not abused, and that "affirming one's difference" can actually enhance social integration. Fourier's concern

1053-400: The keys to social success. He believed that a society that cooperated would see an immense improvement in its productivity. Workers would be recompensed for their labor according to their contribution. Fourier saw such cooperation occurring in communities he called "phalanxes", based upon structures called Phalanstères or "grand hotels". These buildings were four-level apartment complexes where

1092-511: The late nineteenth century are available on the Library of Congress ' website . The original paper articles from the newspaper's morgue are kept at The Center for American History at the University of Texas at Austin . Charles Fourier François Marie Charles Fourier ( / ˈ f ʊr i eɪ , - i ər / ; French: [ʃaʁl fuʁje] ; 7 April 1772 – 10 October 1837) was

1131-533: The overall number of copies that could be printed. Under Reid's son, Ogden Mills Reid , the paper acquired and merged with the New York Herald in 1924 to form the New York Herald Tribune . The New York Herald Tribune continued to be run by Ogden M. Reid until his death in 1947. Copies of the New-York Tribune are available on microfilm at many large libraries and online at the Library of Congress . Also, indices from selected years in

1170-404: The paper retained Karl Marx as its London-based European correspondent. Friedrich Engels also submitted articles under Marx's by-line. Marx resented much of his time working for the Tribune , particularly the many edits and deadlines they imposed upon him, and bemoaned the "excessive fragmentation of [his] studies", noting that since much of his work was reporting on current economic events, "I

1209-419: The richest had the uppermost apartments and the poorest had ground-floor residences. Wealth was determined by one's job; jobs were assigned based on interest and desire. There were incentives: jobs people might not enjoy doing would receive higher pay. Fourier considered trade , which he associated with Jews, the "source of all evil", and advocated that Jews be forced to perform farm work in the phalansteries. By

Sumatra Kula - Misplaced Pages Continue

1248-559: The same name at competing bars. At the Alila Bar in Bali tangerine juice and triple-sec was added. The Tiki Ti adds fassionola , a passion fruit syrup sometimes credited to Beach. New York Tribune The New-York Tribune (from 1914: New York Tribune ) was an American newspaper founded in 1841 by editor Horace Greeley . It bore the moniker New-York Daily Tribune from 1842 to 1866 before returning to its original name. From

1287-504: The stupefaction of "deceitful and degrading duties." He began writing. His first book was published in 1808 but sold few copies. After six years, it fell into the hands of Monsieur Just Muiron, who eventually became Fourier's patron. Fourier produced most of his writings between 1816 and 1821. In 1822, he tried to sell his books again but with no success. Fourier died in Paris in 1837. Fourier declared that concern and cooperation are

1326-478: The writing of any other social critic of his time." For Herbert Marcuse "The idea of libidinal work relations in a developed industrial society finds little support in the tradition of thought, and where such support is forthcoming it seems of a dangerous nature. The transformation of labor into pleasure is the central idea in Fourier's giant socialist utopia." Fourier insists that this transformation requires

1365-455: Was compelled to become conversant with practical detail which, strictly speaking, lie outside the sphere of political economy". Engels wrote "It doesn't matter if they are never read again.". In the same correspondence Marx disparagingly referred to the publication as a "blotting paper vendor". Nevertheless, Engels cited this career as a positive achievement of Marx's during a eulogy given at his funeral. Edgar Allan Poe 's poem " Annabel Lee "

1404-476: Was created by Horace Greeley in 1841 with the goal of providing a straightforward, trustworthy media source. Greeley had previously published a weekly newspaper, The New Yorker (unrelated to the later modern magazine of the same name), in 1833 and was also publisher of the Whig Party 's political organ, Log Cabin . In 1841, he merged operations of these two publications into a new newspaper that he named

1443-459: Was employed by the merchant M. Bousquet. Fourier's travels also brought him to Paris, where he worked as the head of the Office of Statistics for a few months. From 1791 to 1816 Fourier was employed in Paris, Rouen , Lyon, Marseille , and Bordeaux . As a traveling salesman and correspondence clerk, his research and thought was time-limited: he complained of "serving the knavery of merchants" and

1482-490: Was first published in the newspaper as part of his October 9, 1849, obituary, "Death of Edgar A. Poe", by Rufus Griswold . In addition, Poe's "The Bells" was published in the October 17, 1849, issue as "Poe's Last Poem". Founded in a time of civil unrest, the paper joined the newly formed Republican Party in 1854, named it after the party of Thomas Jefferson , and emphasized its opposition to slavery. The paper generated

1521-411: Was to liberate every human being, in two senses: through education and by liberating human passion. Fourier felt that "civilized" parents and teachers saw children as little idlers. But he himself believed that children as early as age two and three were very industrious. He listed children's dominant tastes as including: Fourier was deeply disturbed by the disorder of his time and wanted to stabilize

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