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35-871: Sumner Spaulding was born on June 14, 1892, in Ionia, Michigan . He attended the University of Michigan in Ann Arbor, Michigan , from 1911 to 1913, and graduated from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in Boston , Massachusetts , in 1916. He also studied in Mexico and Europe. Spaulding became an architect renowned in California. From 1928 to 1929, he designed the Lucien E. Frary Dining Hall on

70-653: A California Historical Landmark . He designed Lloyd's beach house in Santa Monica, California . In partnership with William Field Staunton, Jr. and Walter I. Webber, they designed the Malaga Cove Plaza, a shopping center in the community of Palos Verdes Estates from 1922 to 1924. They designed the fraternity house of Phi Kappa Sigma located at 10938 Strathmore Drive off the campus of UCLA in Westwood, Los Angeles in 1929. From 1928 to 1930, they designed

105-531: A Superior Court and Sheriff (as an officer of the court ), both located in a designated "shire town". Bennington County, Vermont has two shire towns; the court for "North Shire" is in the shire town Manchester , and the Sheriff for the county and court for "South Shire" are in the shire town Bennington. In 2024, Connecticut , which had not defined their counties for anything but statistical, historical and weather warning purposes since 1960, along with ending

140-410: A county seat may be an independent city surrounded by, but not part of, the county of which it is the administrative center; for example, Fairfax City is both the county seat of Fairfax County, Virginia and completely surrounded by Fairfax County, but the city is politically independent of the county. When the county seat is in the independent city, government offices such as the courthouse may be in

175-484: A household in the city was $ 38,289, and the median income for a family was $ 45,794. Males had a median income of $ 30,373 versus $ 22,332 for females. The per capita income for the city was $ 12,157. About 13.3% of families and 15.8% of the population were below the poverty line , including 22.0% of those under age 18 and 7.5% of those age 65 or over. The Ionia Correctional Facilities are major employers in Ionia. They are to

210-647: A major field of research in Chinese historical geography, especially from the 1960s to the 1980s. There are 1,355 counties in Mainland China out of a total of 2,851 county-level divisions. In Taiwan , the first counties were first established in 1661 by the Kingdom of Tungning . The later ruler Qing empire inherited this type of administrative divisions. With the increase of Han Chinese population in Taiwan,

245-510: A male householder with no wife present, and 37.4% were non-families. 30.6% of all households were made up of individuals, and 10.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.53 and the average family size was 3.12. The median age in the city was 32.3 years. 15.7% of residents were under the age of 18; 16.7% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 39.4% were from 25 to 44; 21.8% were from 45 to 64; and 6.4% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of

280-941: A shop for the Barrett Textile Corporation in Los Angeles. Additionally, they designed the Red Cross chapter house in Los Angeles. In 1945 Spaulding designed, and together with John Rex redesigned, the Midcentury modern style Case Study House No. 2, that was completed in 1947 in the Chapman Woods neighborhood of Pasadena . They also designed the Westchester High School located at 6550 West 80th Street in Westchester, Los Angeles in 1952. Spaulding taught architecture at

315-409: Is known as the seat of its county. Generally, the county legislature, county courthouse, sheriff's department headquarters, hall of records, jail and correctional facility are located in the county seat, though some functions (such as highway maintenance, which usually requires a large garage for vehicles, along with asphalt and salt storage facilities) may also be located or conducted in other parts of

350-419: Is land and 0.13 square miles (0.34 km ) is water. Ionia is between Michigan's capital, Lansing , and its second largest city, Grand Rapids . This climatic region is typified by large seasonal temperature differences, with warm to hot (and often humid) summers and cold (sometimes severely cold) winters. This region is also prone to dense and heavy fog, along with flooding (sometimes very damaging) due to

385-411: Is used in the U.S. state of Vermont and in several other English-speaking jurisdictions, such as Venezuela . In Canada , the provinces of Ontario , Quebec , New Brunswick , Prince Edward Island , and Nova Scotia have counties as an administrative division of government below the provincial level, and thus county seats. In the provinces of Prince Edward Island, New Brunswick, and Nova Scotia

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420-576: The Eli P. Clark Dormitory on the campus of Pomona College. In 1933, Spaulding designed ' Chartwell ', built in the style of a French chateau for engineer Lynn Atkinson , who commissioned the property but never lived there. The house, set in gardens designed by Henri Samuel , was later owned by Arnold Kirkeby and Jerry Perenchio . It was used as the filming location for The Beverley Hillbillies and Jerry Lewis's Cinderfella . In partnership with Clarence Gordon DeSwarte and John Leon Rex , they designed

455-564: The Republic of China took over. There are 13 county seats in Taiwan, which function as county-administered cities , urban townships , or rural townships . In most of the United States , a county is an administrative or political subdivision of a state that consists of a geographic area with specific boundaries and usually some level of governmental authority. The city, town, or populated place that houses county government

490-612: The University of Southern California in Los Angeles and at Scripps College in Claremont. Sumner Spaulding died at age 59 on 10 May 1952 in Los Angeles County , and is buried at Fort Rosecrans National Cemetery in San Diego . Ionia, Michigan Ionia ( / aɪ ˈ oʊ n j ə / eye- OH -nyə ) is the largest city in, and the county seat of, Ionia County , Michigan , United States. The population

525-517: The Eastern Han dynasty , the number of counties increased to above 1,000. About 1400 existed when the Sui dynasty abolished the commandery level (郡 jùn), which was the level just above counties, and demoted some commanderies to counties. In Imperial China, the county was a significant administrative unit because it marked the lowest level of the imperial bureaucratic structure; in other words, it

560-644: The Grand River that flows through the city, during the spring. According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Ionia has a humid continental climate , abbreviated "Dfb" on climate maps. As of the census of 2010, there were 11,394 people, 2,428 households, and 1,520 families living in the city. The population density was 2,129.7 inhabitants per square mile (822.3/km ). There were 2,775 housing units at an average density of 518.7 per square mile (200.3/km ). The racial makeup of

595-854: The Leibig Guest House and Farmer's Cottage in Encino, California , which won an Honor Award from the Southern California Chapter of the American Institute of Architects in January 1947. They designed the Behrendt House in North Hollywood, Los Angeles , which won an Honor Award from the Southern California Chapter of the American Institute of Architects in January 1947. In 1946, they designed

630-947: The United States, followed by Towson , the county seat of Baltimore County, Maryland . Likewise, some county seats may not be incorporated in their own right, but are located within incorporated municipalities. For example, Cape May Court House, New Jersey , though unincorporated, is a section of Middle Township , an incorporated municipality. In some states, often those that were among the original Thirteen Colonies , county seats include or formerly included "Court House" as part of their name, such as Spotsylvania Courthouse, Virginia . Most counties have only one county seat. However, some counties in Alabama , Arkansas , Georgia , Iowa , Kentucky , Massachusetts , Mississippi , Missouri , New Hampshire , New York , and Vermont have two or more county seats, usually located on opposite sides of

665-810: The campus of Pomona College in Claremont, California . He designed a building at 520 Midvale Avenue in Westwood, Los Angeles. Additionally, Spaulding teamed up with other architects for many buildings and houses. With Walter I. Webber, he designed the Catalina Casino in Avalon on Catalina Island , built 1928−1929. They also designed the Harold Lloyd Estate 'Greenacres', located at 1040 Angelo Drive in Beverly Hills, California , now

700-421: The city was 70.9% White , 25.0% African American , 0.7% Native American , 0.4% Asian , 1.6% from other races , and 1.4% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 7.7% of the population. There were 2,428 households, of which 37.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 38.9% were married couples living together, 17.8% had a female householder with no husband present, 5.9% had

735-544: The city was 71.08% White , 21.94% African American , 1.05% Native American , 0.65% Asian , 2.13% from other races , and 3.15% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 5.08% of the population. There were 2,421 households, out of which 37.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 43.6% were married couples living together, 15.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 36.6% were non-families. 30.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 11.5% had someone living alone who

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770-470: The city was 71.1% male and 28.9% female. 5,230 of Ionia's 11,394 residents (45.9%) are institutionalized in the state's various correctional facilities in the city. As of the census of 2000, there were 10,569 people, 2,421 households, and 1,534 families living in the city. The population density was 2,095.9 inhabitants per square mile (809.2/km ). There were 2,621 housing units at an average density of 519.8 per square mile (200.7/km ). The racial makeup of

805-418: The county, especially if it is geographically large. A county seat is usually an incorporated municipality . The exceptions include the county seats of counties that have no incorporated municipalities within their borders, such as Arlington County, Virginia , where the county seat is the entire county. Ellicott City , the county seat of Howard County, Maryland , is the largest unincorporated county seat in

840-420: The county. Examples include Harrison County, Mississippi , which has both Biloxi and Gulfport as county seats, and Hinds County, Mississippi , which has both Raymond and the state capital of Jackson . The practice of multiple county seat towns dates from the days when travel was difficult. There have been few efforts to eliminate the two-seat arrangement, since a county seat is a source of civic pride for

875-625: The independent city under an agreement, such as in Albemarle , or may in be enclaves of the county surrounded by the independent city, such as in Fairfax . Others, such as Prince William , have the courthouse in an enclave surrounded by the independent city and have the county government, the Board of Supervisors, in a different part of the county, far from the county seat. The following counties have their county seat in an independent city: Bedford

910-551: The number of counties also grew by time. By the end of Qing era, there were 11 counties in Taiwan. Protestant missionaries in China first romanized the term as hien . When Taiwan became a Japanese colony in 1895, the hierarchy of divisions also incorporated into the Japanese system in the period when Taiwan was under Japanese rule. By September 1945, Taiwan was divided into 8 prefectures ( 州 and 廳 ), which remained after

945-777: The state's area, has no borough government or borough seat. One borough, the Lake and Peninsula Borough , has its borough seat located in another borough, namely King Salmon in Bristol Bay Borough . In Louisiana , which is divided into parishes rather than counties, county seats are referred to as "parish seats". In New England , counties have served mainly as dividing lines for the states' judicial systems. Rhode Island has no county level of government and thus no county seats, and Massachusetts has dissolved many but not all of its county governments. In Vermont , Massachusetts , and Maine county government consists only of

980-723: The term "shire town" is used in place of county seat. County seats in China are the administrative centers of the counties in the People's Republic of China . Xian have existed since the Warring States period and were set up nationwide by the Qin dynasty . The number of counties in China proper gradually increased from dynasty to dynasty. As Qin Shi Huang reorganized the counties after his unification, there were about 1,000. Under

1015-416: The towns involved, along with providing employment opportunities. There are 33 counties with multiple county seats in 11 states: Alaska is divided into boroughs rather than counties; the county seat in these case is referred to as the "borough seat"; this includes six consolidated city-borough governments (one of which is styled as a "municipality"). The Unorganized Borough, Alaska , which covers 49% of

1050-624: The use of county seats in particular, will fully transition with the permission of the United States Census Bureau to a system of councils of government for the purposes of boundary definition and as county equivalents. Two counties in South Dakota , Oglala Lakota and Todd , have their county seat and government services centered in a neighboring county. Their county-level services are provided by Fall River County and Tripp County , respectively. In Virginia ,

1085-500: The west of downtown along Bluewater Highway and W Main Street, respectively. The city levies an income tax of 1 percent on residents and 0.5 percent on nonresidents. County seat A county seat is an administrative center, seat of government , or capital city of a county or civil parish . The term is in use in five countries: Canada , China , Hungary , Romania , and the United States . An equivalent term, shire town ,

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1120-641: Was 13,378 at the 2020 census . Every July it hosts what is said to be the world's largest free-admission fair, the Ionia Free Fair . The city is mostly within Ionia Township , with small portion extending into Easton Township and Berlin Township , but is politically autonomous of the townships. The city is named after Ionia , a historic region in Greece . Before Euro-American migration, this

1155-451: Was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.53 and the average family size was 3.16. In the city, the population was spread out, with 18.5% under the age of 18, 26.8% from 18 to 24, 34.1% from 25 to 44, 13.5% from 45 to 64, and 7.2% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 26 years. For every 100 females, there were 213.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 260.8 males. The median income for

1190-552: Was the location of an Odawa village. The leader of the Odawa here was Cobmoosa . His people planted crops here in 1833 but when Dexter and his associates arrived, they sold these crops to Dexter and relocated to the Flat River. In the 1850s, they were relocated to Oceana County. According to the United States Census Bureau , the city has a total area of 5.48 square miles (14.19 km ), of which 5.35 square miles (13.86 km )

1225-583: Was the lowest level that the government reached. Government below the county level was often undertaken through informal non-bureaucratic means, varying between dynasties. The head of a county was the magistrate , who oversaw both the day-to-day operations of the county as well as civil and criminal cases. The current number of counties mostly resembled that of the later years of the Qing dynasty . Changes of location and names of counties in Chinese history have been

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