The Supreme Council of Antiquities ( SCA ; Arabic : المجلس الأعلى للآثار , romanized : al-Majlis al-Aʻlá lil-Āthār ) was established in 1994 and it was responsible for the conservation, protection, and regulation of all antiquities and archaeological excavations in Egypt. a department of the Egyptian Ministry of Culture from 1994 to 2011. Originally part of the Egyptian Ministry of Culture, the Supreme Council of Antiquities became part of the independent department of the Ministry of State for Antiquites (MSA) in 2011. In 2022, the department was folded into the Ministry of Antiquities and Tourism.
37-642: Supreme Council may refer to: Culture [ edit ] Supreme Council of Antiquities , part of the Egyptian Ministry of Culture Supreme Council of Ethnic Hellenes , a non-profit organisation in Greece established in 1997 Freemasonry [ edit ] Supreme Council, Scottish Rite (Southern Jurisdiction, USA) Supreme Council, Scottish Rite, Northern Jurisdiction, USA Religion [ edit ] Islamic Supreme Council of America ,
74-762: A Muslim religious organization in the United States Supreme Islamic Shia Council , Lebanese Shia high authority in Lebanon Supreme Muslim Council , the highest body in charge of Muslim community affairs in Palestine under British control Sangha Supreme Council , the governing body of the Buddhist order of Thailand Military [ edit ] Supreme Defence Council (Bahrain) , Bahrain's highest defense authority Supreme War Council ,
111-473: A central command created by British Prime Minister David Lloyd George to coordinate Allied military strategy during World War I Supreme War Council (Japan) , a council that was established during the development of representative government in Meiji period Japan Politics and government [ edit ] Belarus [ edit ] Supreme Council of Belarus , the first National Parliament of Belarus in
148-419: A dynamic agency: reflecting the value of the past to the present. The concept appeared sound, but the value, both metaphorical and literal, of the antiquities 'industry' to Egypt indicated that, if anything, even more support and protection should be given. This led to the upgrade, firstly to a Supreme Council in 1994, then - in 2011 - to a full Ministry of State, devoted exclusively to a judicious development of
185-484: A judicial body for trying certain impeachment cases Kazakhstan [ edit ] Supreme Council of Kazakhstan , the first National Parliament of Kazakhstan in the post-Soviet era Kyrgyzstan [ edit ] Supreme Council (Kyrgyzstan) , the parliament of Kyrgyzstan Latvia [ edit ] Supreme Council of Latvia , the first National Parliament of Latvia in the post-Soviet era Lithuania [ edit ] Supreme Council of Lithuania ,
222-585: A military junta 1961–1963 Ukraine and Crimea [ edit ] Verkhovna Rada , Supreme Council of Ukraine, the parliament of Ukraine Verkhovna Rada of Crimea , Supreme Council of Crimea, the parliament of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea, Ukraine Ukrainian Supreme Liberation Council , a Ukrainian political organisation formed in July 1944 Supreme Ruthenian Council United States [ edit ] Supreme Executive Council of
259-488: A resolution, in which restoration of the independence of the Republic of Lithuania was declared null and void. Congress passed this resolution with 1,463 people's deputies voted for, 98 voted against and 128 abstentions. Economic blockade has suspended the country's economic growth and the foreign states would not recognize the independence of Lithuania. But on 6 September 1991, after failed 1991 Soviet coup d'état attempt ,
296-536: A selection of the less important pieces to sell before they were included in the Bulaq collection. Gradually, the director introduced the official sale of antiquities in order to increase the financial resources of the Department of Antiquities and especially of the excavations. From June 1884, the sale of various objects and mummies is duly registered in the account books. It represents an important source of income for
333-510: Is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Supreme Council of Antiquities Although the name of the organization has changed over the years, the purpose and function of it has remained consistent. The first government body was the Department of Antiquities, established in 1858. This became the Egyptian Antiquities Organisation in 1971. As part of
370-811: The Act of the Re-Establishment of the State of Lithuania . On March 12, the Supreme Council adopted Resolution, that declared USSR universal military service law of 12 October 1967, invalid within the Republic of Lithuania. The council also nationalized all the assets of the USSR, that were located in Lithuania. But just three days later, on 15 March, the Soviet Congress of People's Deputies adopted
407-632: The Bulaq Museum rather than from locals. The decree of 16 May 1883 stipulated that the antiquities of the Bulaq Museum, or those that might be kept there or in other museums established in the future, were the property of the Egyptian state and for this reason were "inaliénables, insaisissables et imperscriptibles" (inalienable, unseizable, indispensable). Nevertheless, probably in the same year, Maspero, assisted by Emil Brugsch , began to make
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#1732758577637444-569: The Republic of Lithuania (officially known as Supreme Council of the Republic of Lithuania ), was the supreme governing body, elected in 1990. Its first meeting was held on 10 March 1990, and its last on 11 November 1992. As outlined in the Provisional Basic Law of the Republic of Lithuania (1990), the Supreme Council had the following powers: From the outset, the work of the Supreme Council on 11 March 1990, Lithuania adopted
481-727: The bust of Nefertiti , which it claimed was removed from the country by deceit; previously it had asked for the return of the Rosetta Stone from the British Museum and the Dendara Zodiac from the Louvre . The SCA consists of a team of experts whose aim is to protect Egypt and its history. The goals of the organization include conservation, preservation, excavations, and research of Egypt, its history, monuments, artifacts, and its peoples. In addition to these goals,
518-698: The Commonwealth of Pennsylvania , a council of the Pennsylvania State government prior to the adoption of the 1790 constitution United Arab Emirates [ edit ] Federal Supreme Council of the United Arab Emirates Uzbekistan [ edit ] Supreme Council of Uzbekistan , the first National Parliament of Uzbekistan in the post-Soviet era Yemen [ edit ] Supreme Political Council , an executive body formed by Houthi Ansarullah and
555-1164: The General People's Congress to rule Yemen Other uses [ edit ] Supreme Council for Women , Bahrain's advisory body to the government on women's issues Supreme Council of ICT of Iran , the main council in Iran for ICT affairs Supreme National Security Council , the National Security Council of the Islamic Republic of Iran Supreme Economic Council , established at the Paris Peace Conference in February 1919 Supreme Petroleum Council See also [ edit ] Supreme Electoral Council (disambiguation) Supreme Military Council (disambiguation) Supreme People's Council (disambiguation) Revolutionary Council (disambiguation) Soviet (disambiguation) Supreme Soviet The Big Four (World War I) ,
592-702: The Minister of Culture, The SCA is directed through the Administrative Council by the Secretary-General. The SCA was the only agent permitted to restore or preserve Egyptian monuments. It defined the boundaries around archaeological sites and required foreign archaeologists working in Egypt to report all discoveries and finds to the SCA before publication. This somewhat controversial rule led to
629-523: The Soviet federal government has officially recognised independence of Lithuania and other Baltic states, and lifted blockade. In the first half of 1992, parliament's majority changed. Until the end of 1991, the United Sąjūdis parliamentary group held majority. Its members by late 1991 and early 1992 gradually switched to other parliamentary groups (e. g. Seventh/Moderates' parliamentary group). This led to
666-693: The autonomous administrative authority in Romania Siam [ edit ] Supreme Council of State of Siam (now defunct), a body of advisors to King Prajadhipok of Siam from 1925 to 1932 Russia and the Soviet Union [ edit ] Supreme Privy Council , a body of advisors to Catherine I Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union , the national legislature of the former Soviet Union Supreme Soviet of Russia , former national legislature of Russia (1938–1993) South Korea [ edit ] Supreme Council for National Reconstruction ,
703-481: The best interest of Egypt. Nevertheless, he did provide the infrastructure that was required and his energy and determination gave the body the strong foundation of an identity and a credibility. Mariette was followed by Gaston Maspero , whose biggest contribution was the examination of the mummy of Ramses II in 1884. This event was witnessed by the Khedive and other high officials. The mummy of this great conqueror
740-482: The expulsion of some archaeologists from Egypt, but reduced the theft of archaeological finds dramatically and notified the authorities to set up security around new finds. The SCA was also responsible for the recovery of antiquities previously stolen or illegally exported from Egypt: between 2002 and 2008, it retrieved 3,000 artefacts. It became embroiled in a dispute with the Egyptian Museum of Berlin over
777-467: The first National Parliament of Lithuania in the post-Soviet era Moldova [ edit ] Supreme Council (Transnistria) , the parliament of Transnistria Poland [ edit ] Supreme National Council , the central civil government of Poland loyal to the Kościuszko Insurrection, created 1794 Romania [ edit ] Supreme Council of National Defence (Romania) ,
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#1732758577637814-644: The four top Allied powers of the World War I, also known as the Council of Four Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Supreme Council . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Supreme_Council&oldid=1168771737 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description
851-456: The great figures. The height from the lowest of the steps was found to be one hundred feet, and the space between the paws was found to be thirty-five feet long and ten feet wide. Here there was formerly an altar; and a stele of Thutmosis IV . was discovered, recording a dream in which he was ordered to clear away the sand that even then was gathering round the site of the Sphinx." By the 1970s,
888-573: The nation's heritage. Sale room in the Egyptian Museum In January 1881, Gaston Maspero succeeded Mariette as director of the Antiquities service ( Service des Antiquités d'Egypte ). In August of the same year, Amelia Edwards wrote to Maspero that thefts and robberies would probably decrease if the museum offered certified objects for sale, and that travellers would prefer to buy their ‘souvenirs’ at regulated prices at
925-565: The opinion that the objects sold to public institutions were more important than those sold to private collectors or dealers, we can see from the register of the sale room that the latter were also able to acquire very important objects. All of these works could subsequently be legally exported. Many objects that are now kept in private collections or public museums originated here. Director: Director: Secretary-General: Minister of State: Supreme Council %E2%80%93 Reconstituent Seimas The Supreme Council – Restoration Seimas of
962-470: The organization also was used to help promote tourism and to bring attention to the fight to have artifacts returned to Egypt. In the 21st century they also face the difficult task of keeping monuments safe from those who wish to destroy the Pharanoic monuments. The position may entail also, as was done by Zahi Hawass for many years, to stimulate tourism to Egypt, with charm and charisma. Sayed Tawfik
999-486: The post-Soviet era Georgia [ edit ] Supreme Council of the Republic of Georgia , the first National Parliament of the Republic of Georgia in the post-Soviet era Supreme Council of the Autonomous Republic of Adjara , a local parliament in Adjara, Georgia Iraq [ edit ] Islamic Supreme Council of Iraq , an Iraqi political party Lebanon [ edit ] Supreme Council (Lebanon) ,
1036-401: The renewed interest, in 1858 the Department of Antiquites was established, and its first Conservator was Mariette. In 1859, the Department of Antiquities was created and was in existence for more than a century. Although Mariette was the director of the organization, he was also French, and his loyalty was to France. This created situations where Mariette made decisions that were not always in
1073-613: The sale room in the Egyptian Museum until 1979, selling original ancient Egyptian artworks and other artefacts there. From a packing list as well as from other sources, such as the pages of the register of the sale room or the museums' inventories and archives, which have already been checked or reconciled, it can be deduced that the objects sold were: Reliefs, architectural elements, offering tables, coffins, complete or fragmentary statues, statue heads or torsos, headrests, capitals (mostly Coptic), canopic jars , as well as stone or glass vessels, ushabtis , weights, amulets and scarabs . Despite
1110-640: The service. Maspero himself buys small objects from the Antiquities Service for his personal collection. Many of them are now in the Egyptian collection of the Institut d'Egyptologie Victor Loret in Lyon. The official sale of antiquities initiated by Maspero proved to be very lucrative for the Service des Antiquités d'Egypte (Antiquities service). For this reason, a sale room ( Salle de ventes )
1147-548: The signs of wounds present in the mummy, it is certain that he had died in battle. In the same season the mummy of Seti I . was unbandaged, and also that of an anonymous prince." "The next season the work of clearing away the sand from around the Great Sphinx was vigorously prosecuted by Grébaut. In the beginning of the year 1887, the chest, the paws, the altar, and plateau were all made visible. Flights of steps were unearthed, and finally accurate measurements were taken of
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1184-479: The value of Antiquities to Egypt was well-understood: both as a permanent advertisement for its tourist industry, and as an instrument of cultural prestige, imbuing a sense of pride in the post-colonial era, and maintaining morale during the numerous internal and external conflicts affecting Egypt since its independence. After more than a century of existence, the Department of Antiquities was therefore renamed in 1971.The new title sounded less bureaucratic, and suggested
1221-685: Was an Egyptologist who served from 1989–1990, when the body was called the Egyptian Antiquities Organization. At the end of 2011, Dr. Mohamed Ibrahim Aly was named antiquities minister and he promised to give new life to the body, by bringing in young archeologists and restarting projects which had been put on hold. In the 1850s, Auguste Mariette made several discoveries at Saqqara , which revived interest into Ancient Egypt, their culture, and their monuments. and revived an interest in Egyptology . In response to
1258-552: Was his frame built upon the same colossal plan. The height of the body was less, and the shoulders not so wide. In the same season Maspero also discovered an ancient Egyptian romance known as the story of Sinuhe in a tomb in Thebes. A fragment on papyrus had been preserved at the Egyptian Museum of Berlin, but the whole romance was now decipherable." "Professor Maspero resigned his office of directorship on June 5, 1886, and
1295-502: Was opened in 1892 in the palace of Ismail Pasha in Giza , which became the seat of the Egyptian Museum in the last decade of the 19th century. It was located in room 91 on the ground floor, directly accessible from the outside. When the Egyptian Museum moved to Tahrir, in the early years of the 20th century, the sale room was located in room 56 on the ground floor, accessible from the western entrance. The Egyptian state continued to operate
1332-701: Was succeeded in the superintendency of excavations and Egyptian archaeology by M. Eugène Grébaut . In the same month Grébaut started upon the work of unbandaging the mummy of the Theban king Seqenenra Tao , of the Seventeenth Dynasty . It was under this monarch that a revolt against the Hyksos , or Shepherd Kings, had originated, in the course of which the Asiatics were expelled from Egypt. The history of this king has always been considered legendary, but from
1369-517: Was well preserved, revealing a giant frame and a face expressive of sovereign majesty, indomitable will, and the pride of the Egyptian king of kings. He then unbandaged the mummy of Ahmose-Nefertari , wife of King Ahmose I . of the Eighteenth Dynasty , beside which, in the same sarcophagus, had been discovered the mummy of Ramses III . The physiognomy of this monarch is more refined and intellectual than that of his warlike predecessor; nor
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