45-633: Surendranagar is an administrative district in Saurashtra region of Gujarat state in India. It has a population of approximately 1.7 million people. Surendranagar , along with the twin city of Wadhwan , has a total of 400,000 inhabitants, and is known as "Camp". Surendranagar district takes its name from its headquarters Surendranagar. Originally it was the place where the British political agent for Wadhwan lived and became known as Wadhwan Camp. After
90-718: A Thanedar during the reign of Ahmad Shah I . Dhandhalapur was ruled first by the Babarias, but in 1790 they were displaced by the Khadvads. Lakhtar was founded when a son of the Raja of Halvad received the village from the chief of Dhrangadhra . The rulers of Limbdi claimed descent from Harpaldev. Thangadh was originally ruled by the Babariyas . They were ousted by the Parmars, who migrated from Tharparkar and were given land by
135-717: A drastic change resulting in raising water tables in Saurashtra. However, in 2019, the region was hit with a severe drought, affecting 20 districts in Gujarat, and water had to be brought in by tanker from the Sardar Sarovar Dam on the Narmada River . Municipality A municipality is usually a single administrative division having corporate status and powers of self-government or jurisdiction as granted by national and regional laws to which it
180-400: A municipality has jurisdiction may encompass: Powers of municipalities range from virtual autonomy to complete subordination to the state . Municipalities may have the right to tax individuals and corporations with income tax , property tax , and corporate income tax , but may also receive substantial funding from the state. In some European countries, such as Germany, municipalities have
225-599: A period of time, since the Mahabharata and Vedic period , this region is mentioned again as Surastrene, or Saraostus in the first century CE Periplus of the Erythraean Sea : "Beyond the gulf of Baraca is that of Barygaza and the coast of the country of Ariaca, which is the beginning of the Kingdom of Nambanus and of all India. That part of it lying inland and adjoining Scythia is called Abiria , but
270-444: A total of 640 ). Its population growth rate over the decade 2001–2011 was 15.89%. Surendranagar has a sex ratio of 929 females for every 1000 males, and a literacy rate of 73.19%. The divided district had a population of 1,585,268, of which 464,892 (29.33%) lived in urban areas. The divided district had a sex ratio of 929 females per 1000 males. Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes made up 168,183 (10.61%) and 21,151 (1.33%) of
315-435: Is a hub of cotton and ginning activities in India, with a large number of ginning and pressing units. It is one of the largest producers of quality Shankar cotton in world. The Surendranagar Cotton Oil and Oilseeds Association Ltd., (Government of India recognised) is a world-famous futures trading exchange for cotton. It was established in 1964 and is the first Cotton Future Trading Exchange in India. Surendranagar City
360-586: Is a major trade and processing centre for agricultural products, cotton, salt, pharmaceuticals, chemicals and plastics, textile bearings, ceramics, and sanitary ware. Nearly 25 percent of India's salt supply comes from mining in the Surendranagar area. There are miles of Agar ( Salt pans ), especially in the Kharaghoda area. High-quality salt is produced in Zinzuwada, a desert area. Surendranagar
405-464: Is also home to a big textile and clothing market, specialising in saris . Large clothing showrooms are located in the city on Jawahar Road and Vithal Press Road. According to the 2011 census Surendranagar district has a population of 1,756,268, with 909,917 males and 846,351 females roughly equal to the nation of The Gambia or the US state of Nebraska . This gives it a ranking of 274th in India (out of
450-574: Is bound on the south and south-west by the Arabian Sea, on the north-west by the Gulf of Kutch and on the east by the Gulf of Khambhat . From the apex of these two gulfs, the Little Rann of Kutch and Khambhat , waste tracts half salt morass half sandy desert, stretch inland towards each other and complete the isolation of Kathiawar, except one narrow neck which connects it on the north-east with
495-458: Is considered to be a candidate for status of Municipal Corporation for a long time but due to some political reasons it never happen. It has the second highest number of educational institutes per capita. Many newspapers are published from Surendranagar in Gujarat. Many small and medium enterprises and industries are present, including confectionery , ceramics , pharmaceuticals , engineering plastics, bearings and salt production. Wadhwan City
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#1732771907888540-401: Is from Sanskrit सौराष्ट्र ( saurāṣṭra , transl. from Saurashtra ), the vṛddhi form of सुराष्ट्र ( surāṣṭra , transl. Saurashtra ), derived from सु ( su , transl. good ) + राष्ट्र ( rāṣṭra , transl. nation ). Thus the name literally means "good nation." Referred to as Saurashtra and as some other names as well over
585-598: Is located at Kanakaditya Temple at Kasheli near Pawas in Ratnagiri district of Maharashtra . The location of other 11 idols are currently unknown. The Saurashtra region comprises the south western part of modern Gujarat state and the districts included in this region are: The region also historically encompassed the Diu district of the Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu union territory. The name "Saurashtra" itself
630-403: Is made up with 100 languages so there isn't one original word. According to few experts, the name Saurashtra is derived from Saura Rashtra. In Sanskrit, Saura means Sun and Rashtra means country. It means, country of Sun, and there were 12 sun temples in ancient times in this region. Due to continued Islamic invasions, the idols of deities of these temples were moved to other places, one of those
675-511: Is mentioned in the Junagadh Rock inscription dating 150 CE, attributed to Rudradaman I . Prior to this, during the rule of Ashoka (268–232 BCE), the region was under Yavana Tushaspa, and governed by Pushyagupta during Chandragupta Maurya 's reign (322BC – 298BC). From the 8th to 11th century, Brahmin merchants from Saurashtra region started migrating towards Southern India due to the frequent Muslim invasions , these merchants upon
720-467: Is subordinate. The term municipality may also mean the governing body of a given municipality. A municipality is a general-purpose administrative subdivision, as opposed to a special-purpose district . The English word is derived from French municipalité , which in turn derives from the Latin municipalis , based on the word for social contract ( municipium ), referring originally to
765-773: Is unclear, but most likely follows the same pattern as the other districts of Saurashtra. The district was probably ruled by the Mauryas, then Indo-Greeks. Afterwards it was ruled by the Western Satraps, and then by the Gurjara-Pratiharas. Eventually the Chaulukyas took over, and after they were destroyed by the Delhi Sultanate, it became part of their empire. In 1407, the governors of Gujarat declared their independence, and Surendranagar became part of
810-625: The Gujarat Sultanate . After 1573, Gujarat was annexed into the Mughal Empire and Surendranagar became part of the Gujarat Subah . However, on the group control of the district rested with numerous kings and landlords with estates of various sizes, and this continued until the British period. There were several states in the district during the British period: states such as Dhrangadhra , Wadhwan, and Limbdi were ruled by
855-452: The 20th century. Water resources and its related dynamics have influenced the region and its agro-economy to a certain extent. It is found that water was easily available in the region 10 to 15 years ago. Ashvin A. Shah, a US-based engineering consultant who conducted a survey in 1998 on water availability in the region, says, "The presence of 700,000 dugwells in Saurashtra region indicates the presence of extensive groundwater aquifers throughout
900-750: The Late Stone Age were found in Sejakpur in Sayla taluk in 1957–58. Near Rangpur in 1931 was found a Harappan site, the first Harappan site found in Gujarat and evidence that the Indus Valley civilization extended to Saurasthra. In fact, Rangpur was the first site found that lasted longer than the Harappan civilization itself. However, it seems Rangpur was not a major commercial centre since no seals were found here. The early history of this district
945-621: The Latin communities that supplied Rome with troops in exchange for their own incorporation into the Roman state (granting Roman citizenship to the inhabitants) while permitting the communities to retain their own local governments (a limited autonomy). A municipality can be any political jurisdiction , from a sovereign state such as the Principality of Monaco , to a small village such as West Hampton Dunes, New York . The territory over which
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#1732771907888990-570: The Vaghelas of Wadhwan . After the Parmars came the Kathis, who made Than their headquarters. However Kartalab Khan, governor of Gujarat, dispersed the Kathis and destroyed their Surya temple. Than remained in Muslim hands until the fading of Mughal power, when the jhala of Halvad took it over. In the past, Surendranagar was used by colonialists as a hill station , because of its dry environment that
1035-500: The agent left in 1946, Wadhwan Camp was renamed after Surendrasinhji Jorawarsinhji (1922–1983), then-ruler of Wadhwan, and became known as Surendranagar. Even today the city is still called the 'Camp' locally from its old name. The district overall, when the various princely states had been merged, was known as 'Jhalavad', the land of the Jhala Rajputs, who held many of the states. Their name derives from an apocryphal incident in
1080-611: The coast is called Syrastrene. It is a fertile country, yielding wheat and rice and sesame oil and clarified butter, cotton and the Indian cloths made therefrom, of the coarser sorts. Very many cattle are pastured there, and the men are of great stature and black in colour. The metropolis of this country is Minnagara , from which much cotton cloth is brought down to Barygaza . In earliest foreign mention, Egyptian mathematician, geographer, astrologer Claudius Ptolemy and Greek manuscript Periplus both call this region "Surastrene" The region
1125-534: The community living in the area and the common interest. These include terms: The same terms "Gemeente" (Dutch) or "Gemeinde" (German) may be used for church congregations or parishes, for example, in the German and Dutch Protestant churches. In Greece, the word Δήμος ( demos ) is used, also meaning 'community'; the word is known in English from the compound democracy (rule of the people). In some countries,
1170-400: The constitutional right to supply public services through municipally-owned public utility companies . Terms cognate with "municipality", mostly referring to territory or political structure, are Spanish municipio (Spain) and municipalidad (Chile), Catalan municipi , Portuguese município . In many countries, terms cognate with "commune" are used, referring to
1215-503: The first in the country to be merged into the union of India. The capital of Saurashtra was Rajkot . Uchharangray Navalshankar Dhebar, who later went on to become President of the Indian National Congress between 1955 and 1959, became Saurashtra's first Chief Minister. He was succeeded by Rasiklal Umedchand Parikh on 19 December 1954. On 1 November 1956, Saurashtra was merged into Bombay state . In 1960 Bombay state
1260-589: The former Junagadh State, were merged to form the state of Saurashtra on 15 February 1948. Initially, it was named United State of Kathiawar , which was renamed to Saurashtra State in November 1948. The exercise took up a lot of Shri Vallabhbhai Patel's time to convince the local princes and petty subas (totalling 222 in Saurashtra alone). However, Maharaja Krishnakumar Sinhji of Bhavnagar State readily extended to offer his large and royal empire of Bhavnagar / Gohilwar to Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel, and Bhavnagar became
1305-461: The historical region of Saurashtra are now known as the Saurashtra people . Several historians believe that it was Saurashtrian textile merchants who introduced idly to South India during the 10th and 12th centuries. There are even claims that a mix of rice and urad dal ground together and later steamed to form cakes had its origins in Gujarat . This was called Iddada . For a long time,
1350-402: The invitation of Chola , Pandya , Vijayanagara , Nayak and Thanjavur Maratha Kings set up mercantile silk-weaving guilds throughout Southern India and were involved in the trade of silk clothes and diamonds to the royal families of ancient South India, as the silk became the attire of royal families after the period of Gupta dynasty . These Brahmins who trace their ancestry to
1395-429: The jhala Rajputs, formerly known as Makwanas. They claim descent from Harpaldev, son of Kesar Makwana whose wife was daughter of celebrated Chaulukya ruler Karandev solanki. Harpaldev received 1800 villages from Karandev solanki for his valour. The state of Bajana was founded by Malik Haider Khan, a Jat leader driven out of Sindh who was given land by the Gujarat sultans. Dasada was ruled by Multani Maliks descended from
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1440-538: The mainland of Gujarat. The peninsula is sometimes referred to as Kathiawar after the Kathi Darbar , which once ruled most of the region. However, Saurashtra is not entirely synonymous with Kathiawar, since a small portion of the historical Saurashtra region extends beyond the Kathiawar peninsula. Sorath forms the southern portion of the peninsula. "Sau" means 100 and "rasthra" means languages and Sourasthra
1485-460: The name Sorath referred to this region. From the 9th to 14th century Chudasama Rajput ruled Sorath with their capitals Vanthali and Junagadh alternatively. The Chudasama Rajputs ruled Sorath longer than any others, until the Sorath area came under Muslim rule. Sorath, a Muslim name of Saurashtra, was initially one of ten prants , but by the colonial age it was one of only four surviving ones,
1530-504: The others being absorbed. The salute state Junagadh (alias "Junagarh" or the "Old Fort"), founded during British rule, and its neighbouring states were controlled by the Western India States Agency (WISA). In 1947, Junagadh's Muslim ruler desired to accede his territory to Pakistan, but the predominantly Hindu population rebelled. After India's independence in 1947, 217 princely states of Kathiawar, including
1575-465: The palace of Harpaldev, their ancestor. A wild elephant had burst into a courtyard where his children were playing, but their mother managed to fend off the elephant and rescue the children. As she held them, they received the name 'Jhala'from the Gujarati word Jhalavun (to hold). Several small-scale archaeological expeditions in the district have found only a few traces of prehistoric man. Tools from
1620-411: The population respectively. Hindus are 1,455,009 (91.78%) while Muslims are 104,495 (6.59%) and Jains 22,679 (1.43%). Caste wise residents include Brahmin , Rajput , Patels , Koli , Vankar as well as significant numbers of Bharvad , Rabari , Luhar Suthar , Kansara , Mochi and Sathwara . At the time of the 2011 Census of India , Gujarati was the predominant language, spoken by 98.77% of
1665-457: The population. Raj-Rajeshwari Temple, on National Highway Number 8 near Limbdi, is a large area of residences, hospitals, and schools. The temple features an exhibition of yoga performed by Rishiji . This temple has temples to three major gods— Brahma , Vishnu , and Mahesh —inside. It is the only such temple in Gujarat. The temple is noted for its architecture. (lack of info. Cannot find it via googlemap) Trimandir - A very big temple known as
1710-475: The queen of Khengara , Ranakdevi. He attacked Junagadh and killed Ra'Khengar to claim the fort and the queen, but she refused and fled. She escaped from the city towards the River Bhogaavo. After a long chase, she gave up and instead of becoming the queen of Junagadh she sacrificed her life by forming sati on the banks of Bhogavo River, near the city of Wadhwan . However, before she died she cursed that
1755-461: The region. This means there is one well for fewer than 20 people or one well every 300 metres". Amri Saurashtra went through severe droughts over the years to the extent that people could no longer grow crops, nor did they have drinking water available. There has been in recent times a campaign to take up rain water harvesting. Significantly, the Check dam campaign from the late 1990s brought almost
1800-580: The river would not flow beyond that spot. There is a temple in honour of Ranakdevi on the banks of the river. Saurashtra (region) Saurashtra , also known as Kathiawar , is a peninsular region of Gujarat , India, located on the Arabian Sea coast. It covers about a third of Gujarat state, notably 11 districts of Gujarat, including Rajkot District . It was formerly a state of India before it merged with Bombay state . In 1961 it separated from Bombay and joined Gujarat. Saurashtra peninsula
1845-559: The ‘Trimandir’ by Param Pujya Dada Bhagwan houses Lord Simandhar Swami , Shiv Swaroop, Krishna Bhagwan, other celestial deities. The famous kund known as "Gangavo" is located in Dedadara village. It was built in the 11th century. Main Jain Temple, which is in the heart of the city, of Sri Vasupujyaswami Bhahvan is more than 100 years old. According to legend, during the siege of Junagadh, Jayasimha Siddharaja fell in love with
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1890-434: Was believed in contemporary medicine to be beneficial for some physical as well as mental ailments. Surendranagar's dry air is still believed to be the best place in Gujarat to cure tuberculosis patients. District capital Surendranagar, which lies under Municipality body is suffering from poor condition of roads and the two Causeways which join both the sides of city divided by Bhogavo River . Municipality body of city
1935-543: Was divided along linguistic lines into the new states of Gujarat and Maharashtra . The territory of Saurashtra, including Junagadh and all of Sorath, became part of the state of Gujarat . The first postage stamps of the state were issued for Princely State of Junagadh in 1864. They consisted of three lines of Hindi script in colourless letters on black, and were produced by hand-stamping with watercolor ink. A second issue in 1868 used coloured letters, printed in black or red on several colours of paper. The issue of 1877
1980-462: Was reissued reading "POSTAGE AND REVENUE". The Indian province of Saurashtra did not design any of its own stamps, but before adopting the stamps of India, Saurashtra issued a court fee stamp overprinted for postal use, then created more one anna stamps by surcharging three stamps of the 1929 issue. Saurashtra has been a flourishing region and rich in natural resources since ancient times, while having gone through several droughts especially during
2025-513: Was the first to include Latin letters; the circular design included the inscription "SORUTH POSTAGE" at the top, and "ONE ANNA OF A RUPEE" (or "FOUR ANNAS...") at the bottom. Some of these were surcharged in 1913–14, followed by redesigned stamps in 1914. A set of eight stamps in 1929 included pictures of Junagadh, the Gir lion , and the Kathi horse in addition to the nawab. In 1937 the one anna value
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