A fleet or naval fleet is a large formation of warships – the largest formation in any navy – controlled by one leader. A fleet at sea is the direct equivalent of an army on land.
69-540: A carrier battle group ( CVBG ) is a naval fleet consisting of an aircraft carrier capital ship and its large number of escorts , together defining the group. The CV in CVBG (Cruiser Voler ) is the United States Navy hull classification code for an aircraft carrier . The first naval task forces built around carriers appeared just prior to and during World War II . The Imperial Japanese Navy (IJN)
138-627: A carrier strike group (CSG) normally consists of 1 aircraft carrier, 1 guided missile cruiser (for air defense), 2 LAMPS - capable warships (focusing on anti-submarine and surface warfare), and 1–2 anti-submarine destroyers or frigates . The large number of CSGs used by the United States reflects, in part, a division of roles and missions allotted during the Cold War, in which the United States assumed primary responsibility for blue-water operations and for safeguarding supply lines between
207-485: A dock landing ship (LSD), an amphibious transport dock (LPD), a Marine expeditionary unit , AV-8B Harrier II or, more recently Lockheed Martin F-35B Lightning II aircraft, CH-53E Super Stallion and CH-46E Sea Knight helicopters or, more recently, MV-22B tiltrotors. Cruisers, destroyers and attack submarines are deployed with either an Expeditionary Strike Group or a Carrier Strike Group. During
276-502: A green-water navy , having enough frigates and auxiliaries to operate far out at sea, while depending on land-based air support, and, with the large amphibious squadron, they will have significant brown-water navy capabilities. In April 2018, the Dutch Government approved a multi-year investment program and allocated funds for the 2018–2030 period, including: Together with the United States and several other NATO members,
345-512: A replenishment oiler . A surface action group is "a temporary or standing organization of combatant ships, other than carriers, tailored for a specific tactical mission". Since its origins, the viability of the carrier battle group has been dependent on its ability to remain at sea for extended periods. Specialized ships were developed to provide underway replenishment of fuel (for the carrier and its aircraft), ordnance, and other supplies necessary to sustain operations. Carrier battle groups devote
414-609: A "statute of admiralty" issued by Maximilian, King of the Romans (future Holy Roman Emperor Maximilian I), and his son Philip the Fair , the ruler of Burgundian lands (a minor at that time) on 8 January 1488. The Netherlands navy was involved in several wars against other European powers from the late 16th century, initially for independence against Spain in European waters, later for shipping lanes, trade and colonies in many parts of
483-672: A carrier battle group was part of Argentina 's efforts against British armed forces during the Falklands War . This was the last conflict so far in which opposing belligerents employed aircraft carriers, although Argentina made little use of its sole carrier, ARA Veinticinco de Mayo , which was originally built in the United Kingdom as HMS Venerable and later served with the Royal Netherlands Navy (1948–1968). The United States Sixth Fleet assembled
552-541: A considerable number of minesweepers . As a member of NATO , the Netherlands developed its security policy in close cooperation with other members. The establishment of the Warsaw pact in 1955 intensified the arms race between West and East. Technical innovations rapidly emerged, the introduction of radar and sonar were followed by nuclear weapon systems and long-range missiles. The geopolitical situation allowed for
621-625: A deck landing on board HNLMS Rotterdam for the first time as part of an initial study into the possibilities for wider use of the helicopters as these will be upgraded to the AH-64E standard which has specific features for maritime operations. The Dutch amphibious support ship HNLMS Johan de Witt and the JSS HNLMS Karel Doorman are designed to handle Royal Netherlands Air Force CH-47F Chinook helicopters but still require additional anti corrosion measures (part of
690-700: A fixed military strategy. Beginning in 1965, the Dutch Navy joined certain permanent NATO squadrons like the Standing Naval Force Atlantic . The constituent parts of the Royal Netherlands Navy are: Contains all surface combatants, replenishment ships, and amphibious support ships. Houses the submarines and a support vessel. Contains various minehunters. The Hydrographic Service is responsible for relevant hydrographic surveys. Provides healthcare to personnel of
759-438: A fleet tanker off the east coast of the United States. The deployment was in preparation for the first operational deployment in 2021, which is expected to involve HMS Queen Elizabeth alongside four Royal Navy escorts, two support ships and a submarine. Under current plans, a Royal Navy carrier strike group will typically comprise a Queen Elizabeth -class aircraft carrier, two air defence destroyers, two anti-submarine frigates,
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#1732771926838828-740: A force of three carrier battle groups and a battleship during the Lebanese Civil War in 1983. Daily reconnaissance flights were flown over the Bekaa Valley and a strike was flown against targets in the area resulting in loss of an A-6 Intruder and an A-7 Corsair . Carrier battle groups routinely operated in the Gulf of Sidra inside the " Line of Death " proclaimed by Libya resulting in aerial engagements in 1981, 1986 and 1989 between U.S. Navy Tomcats and Libyan Su-22 aircraft, SA-5 surface-to-air missiles and MiG-23 fighters. During
897-420: A great deal of planning to efficiently conduct underway replenishment to minimize the time spent conducting replenishment. The carrier can also provide replenishment on a limited basis to its escorts, but typically a replenishment ship such as a fast combat support ship (AOE) or replenishment oiler (AOR) pulls alongside a carrier and conducts simultaneous operations with the carrier on its port side and one of
966-540: A major investment in the development of a new carrier class—the Gerald R. Ford -class aircraft carriers (formerly designated CVN-X, or the X Carrier)—to replace the existing Nimitz -class aircraft carriers . The new Ford -class carriers are designed to be modular and are easily adaptable as technology and equipment needed on board changes. Naval fleet In the modern sense, fleets are usually, but not necessarily, permanent formations and are generally assigned to
1035-560: A naval blockade on East Pakistan. Air strikes were carried out initially on shipping in the harbors of Chittagong and Cox's Bazar , sinking or incapacitating most ships there. Further strikes were carried out on Cox's Bazar from 60 nautical miles (110 km) offshore. On the evening of 4 December, the air group again struck Chittagong harbor. Later strikes targeted Khulna and the Port of Mongla . Air strikes continued until 10 December 1971. The first attempted use of anti-ship missiles against
1104-467: A particular ocean or sea . Most fleets are named after that ocean or sea, but the convention in the United States Navy is to use numbers. A fleet is typically commanded by an admiral , who is often also a commander in chief . Still, many fleets have been or are commanded by vice admirals or rear admirals . Most fleets are divided into several squadrons , each under a subordinate admiral. Those squadrons, in turn, are often divided into divisions. In
1173-537: A reserve group). Admiral Kuznetsov has been observed sailing together with a Kirov -class battlecruiser (CBGN), Slava -class cruiser (CG), Sovremenny -class destroyer (ASuW), Udaloy -class destroyer (ASW) and Krivak I/II FFG (ASW) . These escorts, especially the heavily armed Kirov -class battlecruiser, use advanced sensors and carry a variety of weaponry. During Admiral Kuznetsov ' s deployment to Syria in November 2016 on her first combat tour,
1242-689: A single formation was revived. During the Cold War, the main role of the CVBG in case of conflict with the Soviet Union would have been to protect Atlantic supply routes between the United States and its NATO allies in Europe, while the role of the Soviet Navy would have been to interrupt these sea lanes, a fundamentally easier task. Because the Soviet Union had no large carriers of its own,
1311-483: A situation of dueling aircraft carriers would have been unlikely. However, a primary mission of the Soviet Navy's attack submarines was to track every allied battle group and, on the outbreak of hostilities, sink the carriers. Understanding this threat, the CVBG expended enormous resources in its own anti-submarine warfare mission. In the late 20th and early 21st centuries, most uses of carrier battle groups by
1380-558: A submarine, solid stores ship and a fleet tanker, however the composition varies depending on the operational tasking. While Queen Elizabeth' s initial deployment will be as part of an all-British carrier group, it is envisaged in the longer term that the UK's carriers will usually form the centre of a multi-national operation – in 2018, it was announced that the British and Dutch governments had come to an agreement that would see escort vessels of
1449-458: A total of 20 ships (including two of its three light cruisers) and 2,500 sailors killed in the course of the campaign. The Dutch navy had suffered from years of underfunding and came ill-prepared to face an enemy with more and heavier ships with better weapons, including the Long Lance -torpedo, with which the cruiser Haguro sank the light cruiser HNLMS De Ruyter . After the war,
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#17327719268381518-714: Is Italy's first carrier. The battle group based in Taranto called COMFORAL is formed by the carrier Giuseppe Garibaldi , two Durand de la Penne -class destroyers , two support ships Etna and Elettra , and three amphibious/support ships ( San Giusto , San Marco and San Giorgio ). After 2010, the Italian battle group will be formed by the new Italian aircraft carrier Cavour , 5–6 new warships (including destroyers Horizon and frigates FREMM), one new support ship, some minehunters and new submarines (the COMFORAL will be
1587-643: Is currently building a third carrier , as well as a nuclear-powered fourth carrier planned for construction and expected to be completed by the late 2020s. China is also building a new larger class of air defense destroyers, the Type 055 . The only serving French carrier is the Charles de Gaulle , which also serves as the flagship of the Marine Nationale. The carrier battle group of the Force d'Action Navale
1656-557: Is known as the Groupe Aéronaval (GAN) and is usually composed, in addition to the aircraft carrier, of: This group is commanded by a rear admiral ( contre-amiral , in French) on board the aircraft carrier. The commanding officer of the air group (usually a capitaine de frégate —equivalent to commander) is subordinate to the commanding officer of the aircraft carrier, a senior captain. The escort destroyers (called frigates in
1725-617: Is the modified Kiev -class aircraft carrier Admiral Gorshkov , INS Vikrant is the first indigenous aircraft carrier built in India. India plans to have three carrier battle groups by 2035, each centered on Vikrant , Vikramaditya and INS Vishal , another planned carrier. As of 2023, the Indian Navy operates two carrier battle groups centred on INS Vikramaditya and INS Vikrant. The Indian Navy's carrier battle group centred on Viraat consisted of two destroyers, usually of
1794-930: Is under the operational control of the Navy and is commanded by the commander of the Navy in the Caribbean . The main naval base, Nieuwe Haven Naval Base is situated in Den Helder , North Holland . Secondary bases are situated around Den Helder, as well as in Amsterdam , and Willemstad on the Caribbean island of ( Curaçao ), Usage rights are also in place for port facilities in Rotterdam , Vlissingen and Eemshaven . The Netherlands Marine Corps has barracks in Rotterdam, Doorn , Texel and Den Helder, as well as in
1863-720: The Delhi class (previously Rajput s ), two or more frigates, usually of the Brahmaputra , Godavari or Nilgiri classes, and one support ship. The Carrier Battle Group (CBG) led by INS Vikramaditya includes Kolkata-class destroyers , Talwar-class frigates and INS Deepak among others. While the independent CBG of INS Vikrant is not operationalised, it is expected to consist of Delhi-class destroyers , Nilgiri-class frigates and Kamorta -class corvettes and INS Shakti . The CVS–ASW (Aircraft Carrier with Anti-Submarine Warfare) Italian aircraft carrier Giuseppe Garibaldi
1932-540: The Age of Sail , fleets were divided into van, center, and rear squadrons, named after each squadron's place in the line of battle . In more modern times, the squadrons are typically composed of homogeneous groups of the same class of warship , such as battleships or cruisers . Since many smaller navies contain a single fleet, the term the fleet is often synonymous with the navy . Multinational fleets are not uncommon in naval history. For example, several nations made up
2001-679: The Battle of the Coral Sea and Midway. By 1943, however, large numbers of fleet and light carriers became available, which required larger formations of three or four carriers. These groups eventually formed the Fast Carrier Task Force , which became the primary battle unit of the U.S. Third and Fifth Fleets . With the construction of the large " supercarriers " of the Cold War era , the practice of operating each carrier in
2070-697: The EU Naval Force Operation Atalanta , combating Somali piracy forces in the Gulf of Aden, Arabian Sea, and Indian Ocean since 2009. The last vessel was sent in 2018; since then the Navy has only contributed staff and advisors to the mission. With the creation of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization , the military focus was on the army and air force; it was not until the Korean War (1950–53) that
2139-587: The Holy League fleet at the Battle of Lepanto in 1571, and a Franco-Spanish fleet faced the British Royal Navy at the Battle of Trafalgar in 1805. In modern times, NATO has formed standing combined fleets and operations from several national navies such as Operation Active Endeavour . Modern fleets combine surface warships , submarines , support ships, and ship-based aircraft to conduct naval operations at sea. Generally understood to be
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2208-553: The Royal Netherlands Navy operating as part of the UK Carrier Strike Group. Command of the UK carrier strike group is the responsibility of Commander United Kingdom Carrier Strike Group . A June 2020 National Audit Office report however provided a critical review of the forthcoming Carrier Strike Group, especially noting the delay to the Crowsnest system. In modern United States Navy carrier air operations ,
2277-465: The blue water , or oceanic, green water or littoral versus the brown water or coastal/riverine forces. The fleets of larger navies are usually divided into smaller numbered or named fleets based on geographic operating areas or administrative groupings of the same type of ships. Modern fleets are usually administrative units. Individual task forces are formed to conduct specific operations. In fictional literary works and/or media, most notably in
2346-714: The 17th century, the navy of the Dutch Republic (1581–1795) was one of the most powerful naval forces in the world and played an active role in the Anglo-Dutch Wars , the Franco-Dutch War , and wars against Spain and several other European powers. The Batavian Navy of the later Batavian Republic (1795–1806) and Kingdom of Holland (1806–1810) played an active role in the Napoleonic Wars , though mostly dominated by French interests. After
2415-573: The 1986 clashes, three carrier battle groups deployed to the Gulf of Sidra and ultimately two of them conducted strikes against Libya in Operation El Dorado Canyon . During the international military intervention in the 2011 Libyan civil war , the French Navy deployed its aircraft carrier, Charles de Gaulle , off Libya . The Charles de Gaulle was accompanied by several frigates as Forbin , Dupleix , Aconit ,
2484-513: The 4x Phalanx CIWS and 4x Sea Sparrow launchers, each with 8 missiles carried by the Nimitz -class, Admiral Kuznetsov is well armed for both air-defence and offensive operations against hostile shipping. As one of the pioneers of aircraft carriers, the Royal Navy has maintained a carrier strike capability since the commissioning of HMS Argus (I49) in 1918. However, the capability
2553-563: The Caribbean at Suffisant on Curaçao, and Savaneta on Aruba . Officers of the Nederland Navy are trained at the Royal Naval Institute ( Koninklijk Instituut voor de Marine ), which is part of the Netherlands defence academy ( Nederlandse Defensie Academie ) in Den Helder . Around 100-120 people start training every year. The Royal Netherlands Navy currently operates 7 main classes of vessels: Note: in
2622-684: The Dutch Navy is testing and updating its ships for Tactical ballistic missile defense capability. Although tests conducted concerning the capability of the APAR ( Active Phased Array Radar ) have been very successful, in 2018 the Dutch Government approved plans to acquire the SM-3 missiles for integration into the existing weapon suite of the LCF frigates. The four LCF ships will be fitted out with eight SM-3 missiles each (they are provisioned for this VLS extension) through Foreign Military Sales (under discussion between
2691-826: The French denomination) are commanded by more junior captains. France also operates three Mistral -class amphibious assault ships. While incapable of operating fixed-winged aircraft, they function as helicopter carriers and form the backbone of France's amphibious force. These ships are typically escorted by the same escorts the Charles De Gaulle uses. Indian Navy has operated all types of aircraft carriers including CATOBAR configured Vikrant , STOVL configured Viraat and STOBAR configured Vikramaditya and Vikrant (2013) and CBGs centered on them. The Indian Navy has been operating carrier battle groups since 1961, with its first carrier battle group formed around
2760-755: The German U24 of the conventional 206 class which in 2001 "sank" USS Enterprise during the exercise JTFEX 01-2 in the Caribbean Sea by firing flares and taking a photograph through its periscope or the Swedish Gotland which managed the same feat in 2006 during JTFEX 06-2 by penetrating the defensive measures of Carrier Strike Group 7 undetected and snap several pictures of USS Ronald Reagan . However, carriers have been called upon to be first responders even when conventional land-based aircraft were employed. During Desert Shield,
2829-616: The Pacific Theatre. A small force of submarines based in Western Australia sank more Japanese ships in the first weeks after Japan joined the war than the entire British and American navies together during the same period, an exploit which earned Admiral Helfrich the nickname "Ship-a-day Helfrich". The aggressive pace of operations against the Japanese was a contributing factor to both the heavy losses sustained and
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2898-549: The Royal Navy embedded personnel and ships with partner navies, in particular the United States Navy . In 2017, the first Queen Elizabeth -class aircraft carrier HMS Queen Elizabeth entered service followed by her sister ship HMS Prince of Wales in 2019. The first carrier strike group took to sea in September 2019 as part of an exercise known as Westlant 19 . HMS Queen Elizabeth and her air group of F-35B Lightning jets operated alongside two surface escorts and
2967-638: The Royal Netherlands Navy frigates are interchangeable with destroyers as there is no separate class The Royal Netherlands Navy classifies the De Zeven Provinciën -class as frigates, but internationally they are most comparable to destroyers (due to their size and weapon capability) platform for Sea Based Anti-Ballistic Missile defence Since the retirement of the Westland Lynx, the Royal Netherlands Air Force fills
3036-455: The Royal Netherlands Navy is HNLMS ( His/Her Netherlands Majesty's Ship ). The Netherlands navy itself uses the prefixes Zr.Ms. ( Dutch : Zijner Majesteits , lit. 'His Majesty's') when a King is on the throne, and Hr.Ms. ( Dutch : Harer Majesteits , lit. 'Her Majesty's') when there is a Queen. This happens automatically at end of the monarch's reign. The modern Netherlands Navy dates its founding to
3105-626: The Royal Netherlands Navy. Two squadrons equipped with NH90 NFH helicopter based at De Kooy Airfield . Command of the Royal Netherlands Navy that is responsible for national defense and international law enforcement in the Dutch Caribbean . Although the Netherlands Coastguard is not an official part of the Navy, it is under its operational control. Also the Dutch Caribbean Coast Guard
3174-587: The U.S. Navy sortied additional carriers to augment the on-station assets, eventually maintaining six carriers for Desert Storm . Although the U.S. Air Force sent fighters such as the F-16 to theater in Desert Shield, they had to carry bombs with them as no stores were in place for sustained operations, whereas the carriers arrived on scene with full magazines and had support ships to allow them to conduct strikes indefinitely. The Global War on Terror has shown
3243-557: The United States and Europe, while the NATO allies assumed responsibility for less costly brown - and green-water operations. The CSG has replaced the old term of carrier battle group (CVBG or CARBATGRU). The US Navy maintains 11 carrier strike groups, 10 of which are based in the United States and one that is forward deployed in Yokosuka , Japan. An expeditionary strike group is composed of an amphibious assault ship ( LHA / LHD ),
3312-538: The United States as well as that of other Western nations have been in situations where their use has been uncontested by other comparable forces. During the Cold War, an important battle scenario was an attack against a CVBG using numerous anti-ship missiles . British and French carrier battle groups were involved in the 1956 Suez Crisis . During the Indo-Pakistani War of 1971 , India used its carrier strike group centered on INS Vikrant to impose
3381-606: The ability to perform radical trajectory changes to avoid anti-missile systems. It is also noted that CVBGs were designed for Cold War scenarios, and are less useful in establishing control of areas close to shore. It is argued however that such missiles and arsenal ships pose no serious threat as they would be eliminated due to increasing improvement in ship defenses such as Cooperative Engagement Capability (CEC), DEW technology and missile technology. Additionally, carrier battle groups proved to be vulnerable to diesel-electric submarines owned by many smaller naval forces . Examples are
3450-506: The carrier was escorted by a pair of Udaloy-class destroyers and a Kirov-class battlecruiser en route, while additional Russian Navy warships met her off Syria. Admiral Kuznetsov is designed specifically to sail alone and carries greater firepower than her U.S. counterparts. This includes 12x SS-N-19 'Shipwreck' (long range, high speed, sea-skimming ) SSMs, 24x VLS units loaded with 192 SA-N-9 'Gauntlet' SAMs , and 8x Kashtan CIWS with dual 30 mm guns, and 8x AK-630 CIWS. Compared to
3519-583: The escorts on its starboard side. The advent of the helicopter provides the ability to speed replenishment by lifting supplies at the same time that fueling hoses and lines are delivering other goods. There is debate in naval warfare circles as to the viability of carrier battle groups in 21st century naval warfare. Proponents of the CVBG argue that it provides unmatched firepower and force projection capabilities. Opponents argue that CVBGs are increasingly vulnerable to arsenal ships and cruise missiles , especially those with supersonic or even hypersonic flight and
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#17327719268383588-454: The establishment of the modern Kingdom of the Netherlands, it served an important role in protecting Dutch colonial rule , especially in Southeast Asia, and would play a minor role in World War II , especially against the Imperial Japanese Navy . Since World War II, the Royal Netherlands Navy has taken part in expeditionary peacekeeping operations. It often participates in European Union and NATO operations. An international prefix for ships of
3657-498: The flexibility and responsiveness of the carrier on multiple occasions when land-based air was not feasible or able to respond in a timely fashion. After the 11 September terrorist attacks on the U.S., carriers immediately headed to the Arabian Sea to support Operation Enduring Freedom and took up station, building to a force of three carriers. Their steaming location was closer to the targets in Afghanistan than any land-based assets and thereby more responsive. The USS Kitty Hawk
3726-412: The gap of the Lynx's amphibious task with Airbus AS-532U2 Cougar helicopters. The Cougar's main task is to support the Royal Netherlands Marine Corps on board of the LPD's and JSS. Other tasks are to provide Medical air transport to and from these ships, but also support SOF units in amphibious missions and trainings. In 2012 an AH-64D Apache attack helicopter from the Royal Netherlands Air Force made
3795-431: The greater number of successes scored as compared to the British and Americans in the region. But during the relentless Japanese offensive of February through April 1942 in the Dutch East Indies, the Dutch navy in Asia was virtually annihilated, particularly in the Battle of the Java Sea (27 February 1942) in which the commander, Karel Doorman, went down with his fleet along with 1,000 sailors. The Navy sustained losses of
3864-411: The navy got more recognition. The government allowed the creation of a balanced fleet consisting of two naval squadrons. Apart from the aircraft carrier HNLMS Karel Doorman the Dutch navy consisted of two light cruisers (two De Zeven Provinciën class ), 12 destroyers (four Holland class , eight Friesland class ), eight submarines , six frigates ( van Speijk -class frigates ), and
3933-423: The now decommissioned INS Vikrant . INS Viraat was an updated Centaur -class light carrier originally built for the Royal Navy as HMS Hermes , which was laid down in 1944 and commissioned in 1959. It was purchased by India in May 1987, and was decommissioned in March 2017. India commissioned INS Vikramaditya in 2013 followed by the new INS Vikrant in 2022. INS Vikramaditya
4002-403: The ongoing upgrade of the CH-47F). In 2024 the fleet of the Royal Netherlands Navy consists of these ships: The total tonnage will be approx. 140,000 tonnes. Next to these ships a lot of other smaller vessels remain in the navy. With these changes the Royal Netherlands Navy will have 10 large oceangoing vessels ranging from medium/low to high combat action ships. The renewed Dutch Navy will be
4071-563: The period when the American navy recommissioned all four of its Iowa -class battleships , it sometimes used a similar formation centered on a battleship , referred to as a battleship battle group. It was alternately referred to as a surface action group. The battleship battle group typically consisted of one modernized battleship , one Ticonderoga -class cruiser , one Kidd -class destroyer or Arleigh Burke -class destroyer, one Spruance -class destroyer, three Oliver Hazard Perry -class frigates and one auxiliary ship such as
4140-400: The realm of science fiction , the term 'fleet' has also been used for a group of space-faring vessels used for interstellar travel. Royal Netherlands Navy The Royal Netherlands Navy (Dutch: Koninklijke Marine ) is the maritime service branch of the Netherlands Armed Forces . It was founded on 8 January 1488, making it the third-oldest naval force in the world . During
4209-402: The relations between the Netherlands and its colonies changed dramatically. The establishment of the Republic of Indonesia , two days after the Japanese surrender, thwarted the Dutch plans for restoring colonial authority. After four years of conflict the Netherlands acknowledged the independence of Indonesia. Part of the Dutch Navy was next stationed in Netherlands New Guinea until that, too,
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#17327719268384278-519: The replenishment tanker Meuse and two Rubis -class nuclear attack submarines. China plans to set up several carrier battle groups in the future . At present China's two aircraft carriers, the Liaoning and Shandong , use Type 055 destroyers for area air defence with anti-submarine warfare , Type 052C or Type 052D destroyers for air defense , Type 054A frigates for anti-submarine and anti-ship warfare , 1–2 Type 093 nuclear attack submarines , and 1 Type 901 supply ship. China
4347-407: The world Dutch naval units were responsible for transporting troops, for example during Operation Dynamo at Dunkirk and on D-Day , they escorted convoys and attacked enemy targets. Dutch submarines scored some victories, including one on a Kriegsmarine U-boat U-95 in the Mediterranean Sea , which was sunk by O 21 , but during the war the Dutch Navy suffered heavy losses, particularly in
4416-520: The world, notably during the Anglo-Dutch Wars . During the 17th century the Dutch States Navy was one of the most powerful navies in the world. As an organization, the Dutch navy consisted of five separate admiralties (three of them in Holland , and one each in Friesland and Zeeland ), each with its own ships, personnel, shipyards, command structures and revenues. At the start of WW2 the Dutch had five cruisers, eight destroyers, 24 submarines, and smaller vessels, along with 50 aircraft. The Netherlands
4485-405: Was adapted to be a support base for special operations helicopters. Carriers were used again in Operation Iraqi Freedom and even provided aircraft to be based ashore on occasion and have done so periodically when special capabilities are needed. This precedent was established during World War II in the Battle of Guadalcanal . Regardless of the debate over viability, the United States has made
4554-416: Was conquered in 1940 by Nazi Germany in a matter of days, and two Dutch light cruisers and one destroyer leader and three destroyers that were under construction were captured in their shipyard . For the rest of the war, the Dutch navy was based in Allied countries: the Dutch navy had its headquarters in London , and smaller units in Ceylon (modern day Sri Lanka ) and Western Australia . Around
4623-427: Was temporarily lost between 2010 and 2018, following the retirement of the Invincible -class aircraft carrier and Harrier GR9s . During this period, the Royal Navy worked to regenerate its carrier strike capability based on the Carrier-Enabled Power Projection (CEPP) concept by ordering two Queen Elizabeth -class aircraft carriers and the F-35B Lightning to operate from them. To maintain its skills and experience,
4692-588: Was the first to assemble many carriers into a single task force, known as the Kido Butai . This task force was used with devastating effect in the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor . The Kido Butai operated as the IJN's main carrier battle group until four of its carriers were sunk at the Battle of Midway . In contrast, the United States Navy deployed its large carriers in separate formations, with each carrier assigned its own cruiser and destroyer escorts. These single-carrier formations would often be paired or grouped together for certain assignments, most notably
4761-515: Was turned over to the Indonesian government in 1962. This followed a campaign of infiltrations by the Indonesian National Armed Forces , supported by modern equipment from the Soviet Union , that was nevertheless successfully repulsed by the Dutch navy. These infiltrations took place after the order of President Sukarno to integrate the territory as an Indonesian province. The Navy has participated in joint European Union naval operations and exercises. Ten separate Dutch vessels have contributed to
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