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44-731: The formation was established on 5 May 2014 in Mykolaiv during the 2014 pro-Russian unrest in Ukraine , which led to separatist movements in southern and eastern regions of Ukraine . Volunteers for the Battalion had to be aged 18 to 50 years. In May 2014, its task was to man roadblocks on the outskirts of Mykolaiv. On 11 July 2014, they began operating in Luhansk Oblast during the war in Donbass . The unit updates its equipment through

88-612: A gas turbine construction. The complex is located in the city of Mykolaiv , Ukraine and is part of the Ukrainian Defense Industries (Ukroboronprom) state corporation. The idea of creating a factory in production of steam turbines in Ukraine arose soon after World War II . On July 9, 1946 the Soviet government adopted a decision on establishing of the factory in Mykolaiv , while the city authorities found

132-483: A charity foundation, obtaining a Kamaz truck. and bulletproof vests . Their main task in the ATO zone included the neutralization of separatist reconnaissance and sabotage units. On 16 August 2014, 49 soldiers of the special battalion returned to Mykolaiv from the ATO zone . On 1 September 2014, the battalion left Lutuhyne following its capture by separatists. On 16 September 2014, a detachment of battalion again went to

176-660: A major Jewish centre of the Russian Empire in the 19th century. During the course of the 19th century, the Czarist governments largely banned Jews from living east of the Dnieper River . In 1866 restrictions were lifted and the Jewish community of Mykolaiv developed rapidly but years later Jews suffered in the pogroms of May 1881 and April 1899. The Lubavitcher Rebbe, Menachem Mendel Schneerson (the seventh leader in

220-459: A media outcry and public protests, all three attackers were charged with her murder. During the Euromaidan protests of 2013–2014, Mykolayiv was the scene of anti- Yanukovich protests. After the victory of Euromaidan, the situation calmed down somewhat until 7 April 2014, when some pro-Russians tried to take over the local administration building. Pro-Ukrainians stopped them from taking over

264-804: A spot in the southeastern suburbs of the city near a military airfield Kulbakine. The preparatory works started out in March 1948, while the construction stretched out for the next five years. Initially the factory was called the Southern Turbine Plant. Following the annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation , the Ukrainians refused to supply the Russian Navy with marine gas turbines from Zorya-Mashproekt, and so NPO Saturn has been commissioned to design new engines for

308-564: Is 10 °C (50 °F). The lowest average temperature is in January −3.1 °C (26 °F), the highest in July 22.3 °C (72 °F). Mykolaiv has an average of 472 mm (19 in) of precipitation per year, with the lowest precipitation in October, and the most in July. Mykolaiv has mild snow cover every year. Average relative humidity is 73% for the year; the lowest humidity

352-611: Is a city and a hromada (municipality) in southern Ukraine . Mykolaiv is the administrative center of Mykolaiv Raion ( district ) and Mykolaiv Oblast ( province ). The city of Mykolaiv, which provides Ukraine with access to the Black Sea , is the location of the most downriver bridge crossing of the Southern Bug river. This city is one of the main shipbuilding centers of the Black Sea. Aside from three shipyards within

396-513: Is a large park on the peninsula just north of the city center, on the north side of the Inhul river. The city is known under two names, which differ in Ukrainian and Russian; there are several transliterations of each name. The Ukrainian name of the city is Миколаїв, transliterated as Mykolaiv . The Russian name, Никола́ев, transliterates as Nikolaev or as Nikolayev . The city's founding

440-524: Is capable of building large navy ships. Other important industries are mechanical engineering , power engineering , metallurgy and food industry. Mykolaiv was closed to foreign visitors until the late 1980s due to the large number of secret Soviet Navy projects that took place in the city (as well as due to its military air base, turbine factory and military port). The majority of the Soviet Navy's surface ships, including its only aircraft carrier,

484-620: Is headquartered in Mykolaiv. The company has its own maritime fleet and shipyard, the Nibulon Shipyard , and also developed its own river fleet to transport grain to export terminals. In January 2017, the Mykolaiv Development Agency released a promo video of the city's investment potential. The Mykolaiv Armored Factory (owned by Ukroboronprom ) has been a large repair facility for Ukraine's military since

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528-699: Is in August (60%); the highest in December (86%). The lowest cloud are seen in August; the highest are in December. The prevailing winds come from the North; the least frequent source of wind is the Southeast. The maximum wind speed is in February, the lowest is from July through September. In January, the average wind speed is 4.1 m/s (meters per second); in July, the average is 3.1 m/s. Distribution of

572-705: The Admiral Gorshkov and Admiral Grigorovich -class frigates. During the Russian invasion of Ukraine , the factory began assembling anti-tank hedgehog barriers to assist in the defense of Mykolaiv . Employees formed a territorial defense unit to maintain law and order within the factory. The factory was shelled on 13 March. Bharat Forge , an Indian company, bought a 51% share in Zorya Mashproekt India Private Limited. On 9 May 2023, Kalyani Strategic Systems, which

616-435: The ATO zone . On 2 January 2016, the ex-commander of the disbanded Mykolaiv PPS battalion, Lieutenant Colonel Mykhailo Moshchanets became the battalion's commander. It was again deployed to the ATO zone for law enforcement and maintenance of public order, replacing the personnel who were stationed there for a long time. On 4 September 2016, joint infantry patrol units were established in Mykolaiv encompassing personnel of

660-639: The Imperial Russian Navy moved it to Sevastopol , near the southern tip of the Crimean Peninsula . During the Crimean War (1853-1856), Mykolaiv became the main rear base to support Russia's efforts in the war. Most businesses that were created in the city belonged to the military-industrial complex, and, consequently, Mykolaiv was closed to foreigners for many decades. By the late 19th century, Mykolaiv's port ranked third in

704-690: The Order of the Red Banner of Labour on 31 December 1970, for successfully fulfilling its assignments for the development of industrial production, in the USSR's five-year economic plan. On 25 March 2022 Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy awarded Mykolaiv the title of Hero City of Ukraine due to the Battle of Mykolaiv . Mykolaiv is divided into four urban districts : Mykolaiv adopted its current coat of arms on 26 September 1997. Its design came from

748-687: The Southern Russia campaign of 1918-1919 by the Allies of World War I during the Allied intervention in the Russian Civil War . In 1920, Soviet power was established. In 1926 there were 21,786 Jews (about 20.8% of the total population) in Mykolaiv. In the course of Operation Barbarossa Mykolaiv was occupied on 16 August 1941 by German invaders. In September, German forces massacred over 35,000 non-combatants, many of them Jews, in

792-461: The air , and groundwater ; drinking water quality, noise , waste management , and conservation of biological diversity in the city. One of Mykolaiv's most urgent problems is the disposal of solid household waste . The city has 18 preserved sites, totaling about 12 km (5 sq mi): The city's climate is moderately continental- cold semi arid steppe climate with cold winters and warm to hot summers. Mykolaiv's average temperature

836-402: The Battalion to take part in operations against increasing crime rates in the city. On 29 July 2017, the battalion was again deployed to the ATO zone to take part in operations against illegal weapons and drugs, separatists and their collaborators. Following the Russian invasion of Ukraine , the battalion took part in the Battle of Mykolaiv , during which on 26 February 2022, two personnel of

880-577: The Bug". Archaeologists have found proof of ancient settlements on the territory of Mykolaiv. In 2018, archaeologists discovered a sunken Ancient Greek ship near the Mykolaiv region, dating from the fifth century BC, the period of Greek colonization of the Northern Black Sea. Researchers stated: "This Ancient Greek ship is one of the oldest known in the Northern Black Sea." The city has long had close associations with shipbuilding . The area

924-768: The Central Administrative-Territorial Commission of the VUTSIK considered and rejected the petition of the Odesan executive committee. Perhaps the members of the Soviet-Ukraine government thought that the name sounded too obsequious. Information regarding the alleged renaming of Mykolaiv was disseminated by German maps of the 1920s and 1930s, as well as in German encyclopedic publications in 1927 and 1932, which show Vernoleninsk on

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968-621: The Chabad-Lubavitch dynasty) was born in Mykolaiv on 18 April 1902. The town was occupied in 1918 by German troops who were commanded by Field Marshal Hermann von Eichhorn . It was subsequently occupied in 1919 by French and Greek troops who had been attached to the French-commanded Armée d'Orient (1915–1919) in the course of the Greek Ukrainian campaign  [ ru ] - which formed part of

1012-564: The Kulbakino army base (in the Mykolaiv Oblast, outside of the city of Mykolaiv). Previously for many years after World War II the city had been home to the 92nd Guards Motor Rifle Division, the former 92nd Guards Rifle Division . The 79th Airmobile Brigade is based in the city. Zoria-Mashproekt Zorya-Mashproekt ( Ukrainian : ДП НВКГ «Зоря» — «Машпроект» ) is a research and production complex that specializes in

1056-653: The Russian Empire (after Saint Petersburg and Odesa ) in trade with foreign countries. Grain-export suppliers of the steppe region (of Ukraine and Southern Russia) were the greatest in the Russian Empire. Mykolaiv had become a great industrial center in the Southern Ukraine. Jews started to settle in Mykolaiv in the late 18th century. By being in the area west of the Dnieper which was where Jews were legally allowed to reside (the Pale of Settlement ), Mykolaiv became

1100-673: The Soviet Ukrainian government—the All-Ukrainian Central Executive Committee (VUTSIK)—to rename the city of Mykolaiv to Vernoleninsk ("Faithful to Lenin"). As the city of Mykolaiv was a district center of the Odesan province, presumably, the petition would have been initiated by the Odesa city council, but documentary evidence of this so far has not been identified. On 15 April 1924 the Plenum of

1144-607: The USSR part of the European maps. The city was designated as Mykolaiv in publications of the same map in other languages. To distinguish Mykolaiv from the much smaller west Ukraine city of Mykolaiv in Lviv Oblast , the latter is sometimes called "Mykolaiv on the Dniester" after the major river that it is situated on, while the former is located on the Southern Bug , another major river, and may also be called "Mykolaiv on

1188-602: The USSR, with three shipyards: Black Sea , 61 Kommunara , and Okean . The asteroid 8141 Nikolaev (1982 SO4) was discovered in 1982 by Nikolai Chernykh at the Crimean Astrophysical Observatory and was named in honor of the city. In March 2012, Mykolaiv gained international notoriety for lawlessness and police corruption following the rape and murder of Oksana Makar . Her three attackers were apprehended, but two were released because of family connections to local government officials. After

1232-423: The administration building and destroyed the pro-Russian camp not far from it, after which the situation in the city became calm. Until 18 July 2020, Mykolaiv was incorporated as a city of oblast significance . It also served as the administrative center of Mykolaiv and Vitovka Raions even though it did not belong to any of these raions. In July 2020, as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, which reduced

1276-541: The aircraft carrier Kuznetsov , were built in Mykolaiv. In May 2011, Ukrainian President Viktor Yanukovych visited Mykolaiv and said that Ukraine was serious about reviving and further developing its shipbuilding industry in the Mykolaiv region. One of the largest industrial businesses in the city is the Mykolaiv Aluminia Factory (formerly part of Rusal and currently owned by Glencore ), which produces aluminium oxide (alumina), raw material for

1320-616: The battalion (Yury Volodymyrovych Kravchenko and Yaroslav Mykolayovych Lukyanenko) were killed in action. On 5 May 2022, the battalion was reformed into the Tavr Battalion which in 2023, became the fourth battalion as part of the Tsunami Regiment of the Liut Brigade . On 31 March 2023, Major Volodymyr Voloshyn, of the Tavr Battalion died as a result of vehicle accident, while on duty. In the liberated Kherson Oblast ,

1364-699: The beginning of the Russo-Ukrainian War . Engineers at the plant designed an armored ambulance based on the BTR-70 to be used by the Ukrainian Armed Forces. Mykolaiv, being an important strategic city in southern Ukraine has a significant Ukrainian military presence, including the shipyards that build Ukraine's surface navy ships, the Mykolaiv Ukrainian Navy base, the "MARP" aircraft repair factory (Mykolaiv), and

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1408-480: The city after Saint Nicholas , the patron of seafarers, on whose day (6 December) he had obtained victory at the siege of Ochakov in 1788. The name Nikolaev is known from the legal order (writ) Number 1065 by Prince Potemkin to Mikhail Faleev  [ ru ] dated 27 August 1789. In 1920, after the establishment of Soviet power , the Odesa provincial council (of laborers and peasants' deputies) petitioned

1452-478: The city and its region. During the occupation, an underground partisan sabotage group, the Mykolaiv Center, conducted guerilla activities. On 28 March 1944 the city was liberated, in part because of Soviet Senior Lieutenant Konstantin F. Olshansky 's marines and their daring raid during which the majority of his troops were killed. In the post-war period Mykolaiv became one of the shipbuilding centers of

1496-590: The city, there are a number of research centers specializing in shipbuilding such as the State Research and Design Shipbuilding Center , Zoria-Mashproekt and others. As of 2022, the city has a population of 470,011 (2022 estimate). Mykolaiv holds the honorary title Hero City of Ukraine . The city serves as a transportation hub for Ukraine, containing a sea port , commercial port, river port, highway , railway junction , and airport . Much of Mykolaiv's land area consists of parks. Park Peremohy ( Victory )

1540-410: The city. Mykolaiv is the administrative center of Mykolaiv Oblast ( region ), as well as that of Mykolaiv Raion . It hosts the administration of Mykolaiv urban hromada , one of the hromadas of Ukraine. Mykolaiv is located in a primarily flat terrain area, the fertile, grain-producing steppe region of southern Ukraine . The nearest mountains to Mykolaiv are 300 km (186 mi) south, at

1584-521: The northeast corner of Mykolaiv. This has created several long and narrow peninsulas just north of Mykolaiv, and the main part of Mykolaiv is itself on a peninsula at a 180-degree bend in the Southern Bug River. The area of the city is 260 km (100 sq mi). Mykolaiv is in the second time zone ( Eastern European Time ). Mykolaiv has environmental issues , which is common in many cities in Ukraine, such as pollution of water ,

1628-405: The number of raions of Mykolaiv Oblast to four, the city of Mykolaiv was merged into Mykolaiv Raion. In February and March 2022, during the Russian invasion of Ukraine , Russian military forces attacked Mykolaiv and placed it under siege . Ukrainian forces barred Russian forces from the city, though Russian artillery continued to shell it . By July, half of the pre-war population had left

1672-498: The one adopted in 1883, by removing the symbol of Kherson province to which Mykolaiv didn't belong anymore. Mykolaiv adopted its current flag on 2 July 1999 and its anthem on 11 September 2004. Mykolaiv is a major shipbuilding center of Ukraine since the time of both the Russian Empire (1721–1917) and the now defunct Soviet Union (1922–1991) and an important river port . The city has three major shipyards one of which

1716-601: The personnel of the Tavr Battalion came under attack by Russian forces by artillery, killing a soldier of the battalion (Yury Khyzhinsky) and wounding four others. In June 2024, the Battalion took part in the Battle of Chasiv Yar . Despite the Russian shelling and numerous assaults, the battalion held its positions preventing a Russian capture. Mykolaiv Mykolaiv ( Ukrainian : Миколаїв , IPA: [mɪkoˈlɑjiu̯] ; Russian : Николаев , romanized :  Nikolayev [nʲɪkɐˈɫa(j)ɪf] )

1760-556: The population by native language according to the 2001 census : As of 2017, 63% of the population spoke Russian at home, 7% Ukrainian, and 28% spoke both Ukrainian and Russian equally. According to a survey conducted by the International Republican Institute in April-May 2023, 30% of the city's population spoke Ukrainian at home, and 61% spoke Russian. The Soviet Government awarded Mykolaiv

1804-399: The production of aluminum. In addition to heavy industry, the city has a developed food processing industry, including a juice maker, Sandora (part of PepsiCo ), a dairy products maker, Laktalis-Mykolaiv, and a brewery, Yantar. Nibulon (Ukrainian: Нібулон), one of Ukraine's biggest agriculture companies specialized in the production and exportation of grain such as wheat, barley and corn

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1848-578: The southern end of the Crimean Peninsula . The lack of any mountain barriers north of Mykolaiv means that cold Arctic winds can blow south, unimpeded by any terrain elevation, to Mykolaiv in winter. Mykolaiv is on a peninsula along the estuary of the Southern Bug river where it meets the Inhul River, 65 km (40 mi) from the Black Sea . Both the Inhul River and the Southern Bug River follow very winding courses just before they join at

1892-719: Was made by the Russian conquests during the Second Russo-Turkish War of 1787–1792. Founded by Prince Grigory Potemkin as Nikolaev, it was the last of the many cities he established. On 27 August 1789, Potemkin ordered its naming near the wharf at the mouth of the Ingul river, on a high, cool and breezy spot where the Ingul river meets the Southern Bug river. To build the city he brought in peasants, soldiers, and Turkish prisoners; 2,500 were working there during 1789. The shipyards were built first (1788). Potemkin named

1936-495: Was populated throughout time by Scythians , ancient Greeks , Slavic tribes , hordes of nomads and free Zaporozhian Cossacks . However, the intensive settlement of the Mykolaiv peninsula started in the last quarter of the 18th century already after the liberation of the northern Black Sea coast region from the Ottoman Empire . The Russian Empire's Black Sea Navy Headquarters was in Mykolaiv for more than 100 years until

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