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63-573: It is available on DVD in Regions 2 and 4. It is also available as a burn-on-demand DVD-R in Region 1. John L. "Sully" Sullivan, IV, is the news director of Satellite News Network (SNN), a Chicago-based TV cable news station. Christy Colleran, his best reporter and ex-wife, goes on vacation, where she falls in love with Blaine Bingham, the owner of a sporting goods company. Christy returns to Chicago with Blaine and meets with Sully, who orders her to attend

126-677: A Times Best Seller in the Combined Print & E-Book Nonfiction category. On September 14, 2015, SiriusXM launched a new radio channel curated by Cohen, known as Radio Andy. The channel features shows hosted by Cohen (Andy Cohen Live, and Andy Cohen's Deep & Shallow). Cohen also hosts a series of special broadcasts for his station known as Town Halls in front of a live studio audience. The channel also features shows hosted by; Sandra Bernhard , Bevy Smith , Dan Rather , Michelle Collins , Jim Parsons , Jeff Lewis, Amy Phillips, Jonathan Alter (together with his family), John Hill ,

189-503: A digital rights management technique introduced in 1997. It is designed to allow rights holders to control the international distribution of a DVD release , including its content, release date, and price, all according to the appropriate region. This is achieved by way of region-locked DVD players , which will play back only DVDs encoded to their region (plus those without any region code). The American DVD Copy Control Association also requires that DVD player manufacturers incorporate

252-437: A DVD video player because of the restrictions that limit their ability to play imported DVDs." The report stated, "These restrictions are artificially imposed by a group of multinational film entertainment companies and are not caused by the existing differences in television display formats such as PAL, NTSC and SECAM [...] The ACCC is currently investigating whether Australian consumers are paying higher prices for DVDs because of

315-423: A configuration flag is set in each player's firmware at the factory. This flag holds the region number that the machine is allowed to play. Region-free players are DVD players shipped without the ability to enforce regional lockout (usually by means of a chip that ignores any region coding), or without this flag set. However, if the player is not region-free, it can often be unlocked with an unlock code entered via

378-409: A crippling anxiety attack as the elevator rises and presses on the emergency stop button, trapping both of them there. After the interview with Roscoe, Christy rushes to the building and saves the two men. The Governor is inundated with calls from citizens asking him to pardon Ike Roscoe. He decides to issue a pardon during the 11:00 pm news. Ridnitz orders the execution moved up to 10:00 pm and invites

441-462: A disc that is encoded for Region 1 but not Regions 2–8 will have the value 2+4+8+16+32+64+128=254. A disc encoded for Regions 1, 2 and 4 will have the value 4+16+32+64+128=244. A region-free or RCE-protected DVD will carry the value zero, since no regions are excluded. The Xbox , Xbox 360 , PlayStation 2 and PlayStation 3 consoles are all region-locked for DVD playback. The PlayStation 2 can be modified to have its regional-locking disabled through

504-454: A disc's region code or allowing the user to manually select a particular region. Some manufacturers of DVD players now freely supply information on how to disable regional lockout, and on some recent models, it appears to be disabled by default. Computer programs such as DVD Shrink can make copies of region-coded DVDs without RCE restriction. One purpose of region coding is controlling release dates. One practice of movie marketing which

567-551: A distraction from depression following a divorce. He also reportedly had to act as "referee", as costars Turner and Reynolds feuded with each other during filming. According to his autobiography Still Me , one of the main reasons he took the role was because Michael Caine was originally lined up to play Sullivan, and he had enjoyed working with Caine six years earlier in Deathtrap , but after signing on found out that Caine had been booted out in favor of Reynolds. Another scene Reeve

630-470: A film for public exhibition in a cinema has always been expensive, but a large number of release prints are needed only for a narrow window of time during the first few weeks after a film's release. Spreading out release dates allows for reuse of some release prints in other regions. For example, the film 28 Days Later was available on DVD in the United Kingdom before it was released in theaters in

693-639: A national tour to perform their conversational stage show AC2 beginning in March 2015. The tour opened in Boston, followed by Miami Beach, Chicago and Atlanta. The idea for the show came about after Cooper interviewed Cohen about his then-latest book, The Andy Cohen Diaries , at an event at the 92nd Street Y in New York City. Since then, the two-man show has continued to tour reaching over 50 cities as of October 2018. On December 31, 2015, Cohen hosted

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756-526: A one-off live edition of Hollywood Game Night ( New Year's Eve Game Night ), and co-hosted New Year's Eve with Carson Daly , for NBC . In 2016, the publisher Henry Holt and Company announced it was launching the imprint Andy Cohen Books. Cohen's third memoir Superficial: More Adventures From the Andy Cohen Diaries was published in November 2016. A sequel to The Andy Cohen Diaries ,

819-574: A producer for 48 Hours , and a producer for CBS This Morning . He joined the television network Trio in 2000, later becoming vice president of original programming at Bravo in 2004, when the network purchased Trio. Cohen was a regular guest on Today and Morning Joe , and has co-hosted Live! with Kelly , and The View . He has made various guest appearances on other talk shows. He has made several guest appearances on television shows playing himself, such as The Comeback and Saturday Night Live . In summer 2009, Cohen began hosting

882-660: A region-free player to view NTSC discs (with the possible exception of Japanese discs in most European countries, since they are in the same region - this means European region 2 users could import Japanese discs and play them on their players without any obstacles.) There are also differences in pixel aspect ratio (720 × 480 vs. 720 × 576 with the same image aspect ratio ) and display frame rate (29.97 vs. 25). Most computer-based DVD software and hardware can play both NTSC and PAL video and both audio standards. Blu-ray players, which use up to 1080p signals, are backwards compatible with both NTSC and PAL DVDs. Usually,

945-560: A region-free player tries to play a disc using the last region that worked with the previously inserted disc. If it cannot play the disc, then it tries another region until one is found that works. RCE could be defeated by briefly playing a "normal" region 1 disc, and then inserting the RCE protected region 1 disc, which would now play. RCE also caused a few problems with genuine region 1 players. Many "multi-region" DVD players defeated regional lockout and RCE by automatically identifying and matching

1008-558: A second season. Later that year, Cohen succeeded Kathy Griffin as co-host of CNN's New Year's Eve coverage alongside Cooper. In 2018, Cohen played himself on the show Riverdale as a friend of the Lodge family. He made a March 2018 appearance as a guest judge in an episode of the VH1 reality-television series RuPaul's Drag Race . Since December 2018, Cohen had co-hosted CNN's New Year's Eve coverage with Anderson Cooper. Cohen

1071-419: A short video loop of a map of the world showing the regions, which was coded as region 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6. The intention was that when the disc was played in a non-region 1 player, the player would default to playing the material for its native region. This played the aforementioned video loop of a map, which was impossible to escape from, as the user controls were disabled. The scheme was fundamentally flawed, as

1134-592: A weekly midnight television talk show, Watch What Happens Live . The show was later expanded into a weeknight series. Cohen's autobiographical memoir Most Talkative ( Henry Holt and Company ), released in May 2012, became a New York Times Best Seller in the hardcover, paperback, and combined non-fiction categories. On August 15, 2013, he declined to co-host the Miss Universe pageant in Russia, due to

1197-519: Is a graduate of Boston University , where he received a Bachelor of Science degree in broadcast journalism . Cohen wrote for the Boston University student newspaper, The Daily Free Press . He later interned at CBS News alongside Julie Chen , who was also working as an intern. Cohen began his career in television as an intern at CBS News. He spent 10 years at the network, eventually serving as senior producer of The Early Show ,

1260-557: Is suitable for playback in Europe, Latin America, Oceania, and any other Region 2 or Region 4 area. So-called "Region 0" and "ALL" discs are meant to be playable worldwide. The term "Region 0" also describes the DVD players designed or modified to incorporate Regions 1–8, thereby providing compatibility with most discs, regardless of region. This apparent solution was popular in the early days of

1323-458: Is that region-coding allows for local censorship, such as the Region 1 DVD of the 1999 drama film Eyes Wide Shut which contains the digital manipulations needed for the film to secure an MPAA R-rating , while these manipulations are not evident in discs that are not in region 1. Andy Cohen (television personality) Andrew Joseph Cohen (born June 2, 1968) is an American radio and television talk show host, producer, and writer. He

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1386-469: Is the host and executive producer of The Real Housewives franchise and Bravo 's late night talk show, Watch What Happens Live! He also hosts a two-hour show with co-host John Hill twice a week on Sirius XM . Cohen served as Bravo's executive vice president of Development and Talent until 2013. He was responsible for creating original content, developing innovative formats, and identifying new talent. Cohen also served as executive producer on

1449-622: The James Beard award –winning reality cooking competition television show, Top Chef . He also hosted the revival of the television dating show Love Connection . He has been awarded a Primetime Emmy Award , and two Peabody Awards . Andy was born in St. Louis , Missouri , to Evelyn and Lou Cohen. He has a sister, Emily Rosenfeld. He is Jewish, with roots in Poland, Russia, and Lithuania. Cohen graduated from Clayton High School in 1986. He

1512-495: The Regional Playback Control (RPC) system. However, region-free DVD players, which ignore region coding, are also commercially available, and many DVD players can be modified to be region-free, allowing playback of all discs. DVDs may use one code, multiple codes (multi-region), or all codes (region free). Any combination of regions can be applied to a single disc. For example, a DVD designated Region 2/4

1575-584: The remote control . This code simply allows the user to change the factory-set configuration flag to another region, or to the special region "0". Once unlocked this way, the DVD player allows the owner to watch DVDs from any region. Many websites exist on the Internet offering these codes, often known informally as hacks . Many websites provide instructions for different models of standalone DVD players, to hack, and their factory codes. Older DVD drives use RPC-1 (Regional Playback Control) firmware, which means

1638-579: The DVD format, but studios quickly responded by adjusting discs to refuse to play in such machines by implementing a system known as "Regional Coding Enhancement" (RCE). DVDs sold in the Baltic states use both region 2 and 5 codes, having previously been in region 5 (because of their history as part of the USSR), but EU single market law concerning the free movement of goods caused a switch to region 2. European region 2 DVDs may be sub-coded "D1" to "D4". "D1" are

1701-692: The UK only releases; "D2" and "D3" are not sold in the UK and Ireland; "D4" are distributed throughout Europe. Overseas territories of the United Kingdom and France (both in region 2) often have other regions (4 or 5, depending on geographical situation) than their homelands. Most DVDs sold in Mexico and the rest of Latin America carry both region 1 and 4 codes. Some are region 1 only after 2006 to coincide with Blu-ray region A. Egypt, Eswatini, Lesotho, and South Africa are in DVD region 2, while all other African countries are in region 5, but all African countries are in

1764-472: The United States. Videotapes were inherently regional since formats had to match those of the encoding system used by television stations in that particular region, such as NTSC and PAL , although from the early 1990s PAL machines increasingly offered NTSC playback . DVDs are less restricted in that sense. Region coding allows movie studios to better control the global release dates of DVDs. Also,

1827-687: The ability of copyright owners, such as film companies, to prevent competition by restricting imports from countries where the same (authorised) video titles are sold more cheaply." In 2012, a report from The Sydney Morning Herald revealed that region-free DVD players were legal in Australia, as they were exempt from the Technological Protection Measures (TPMs) included in the US Free Trade Agreement. Under New Zealand copyright law, DVD region codes and

1890-490: The book covers diary entries for the subsequent two years. Superficial became a Times Best Seller among books written by celebrities. In January 2017, Fox ordered a revival of Love Connection hosted by Cohen. The hour-long game show premiered on May 25. The same month, Cohen played himself on the Netflix series, Unbreakable Kimmy Schmidt . In August 2017, Fox announced that it would renew Love Connection for

1953-560: The converted signal. NTSC discs may be output from a PAL DVD player in three different ways: However, most NTSC players cannot play PAL discs, and most NTSC TVs do not accept 576i video signals as used on PAL/SECAM DVDs. Those in NTSC countries, such as the United States, generally require both a region-free, multi-standard player and a multi-standard television to view PAL discs, or a converter box, whereas those in PAL countries generally require only

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2016-682: The copyright in a title may be held by different entities in different territories. Region coding enables copyright holders to (attempt to) prevent a DVD from a region from which they do not derive royalties from being played on a DVD player inside their region. Region coding attempts to dissuade importing of DVDs from one region into another. DVDs are also formatted for use on two conflicting regional television systems: 480i /60 Hz and 576i /50 Hz, which in analog contexts are often referred to as 525/60 ( NTSC ) and 625/50 ( PAL / SECAM ) respectively. Strictly speaking, PAL and SECAM are analog color television signal formats which have no relevance in

2079-404: The corresponding format. NTSC is the analog TV format historically associated with the United States, Canada, Japan, South Korea, Mexico, Philippines, Taiwan, and other countries. PAL is the analog color TV format historically associated with most of Europe, most of Africa, China, India, Australia, New Zealand, Israel, North Korea, and other countries (Brazil adopted the variant PAL-M , which uses

2142-655: The country code allows much more precise control of the regional distribution of Blu-ray discs than the six (or eight) DVD regions. In Blu-ray discs, there are not any "special regions" like the regions 7 and 8 in DVDs. Ultra HD (4K) Blu-Ray discs are region-free as they're generally encoded as worldwide region. For the UMD, a disc type used for the PlayStation Portable , UMD movies have region codes similar to DVDs, although many PSP games are region-free. Region coding

2205-585: The country's recent adoption of anti-gay laws. Before that, he hosted Miss USA 2011 and Miss USA 2012 . On March 22, 2014, he portrayed Zeus in Lady Gaga 's music video for " G.U.Y. ". In November 2014, Cohen published his second memoir, The Andy Cohen Diaries: A Deep Look at a Shallow Year , inspired by the similarly titled The Andy Warhol Diaries . The book spans a year of journal entries beginning in September 2013. The Andy Cohen Diaries became

2268-589: The dealer was an undercover cop. The execution has become a political issue, related to the Democratic primary contest between the Governor and Roy Ridnitz, the State's District Attorney. Blaine manages to purchase some train tickets to New York. Sully, who has discovered Blaine is afraid of heights, tells Siegenthaler to lure Blaine to a skyscraper. After getting on the glass elevator with Siegenthaler, Blaine has

2331-600: The digital domain (as evident in the conflation of PAL and SECAM, which are actually two distinct analog color systems). However, the DVD system was originally designed to encode the information necessary to reproduce signals in these formats, and the terms continue to be used (incorrectly) as a method of identifying refresh rates and vertical resolution. However, an "NTSC", "PAL" or "SECAM" DVD player that has one or more analog composite video output (baseband or modulated) will only produce NTSC, PAL or SECAM signals, respectively, from those outputs, and may only play DVDs identified with

2394-438: The drive allows DVDs from any region to play. Newer drives use RPC-2 firmware, which enforces the DVD region coding at the hardware level. These drives can often be reflashed or hacked with RPC-1 firmware, effectively making the drive region-free. This may void the drive's warranty. Some drives may come set as region-free, so the user is expected to assign their region when they buy it. In this case, some DVD programs may prompt

2457-651: The drive is locked. Most commercial players are locked to a region code, but can be easily changed with software. Other software, known as DVD region killers, transparently remove (or hide) the DVD region code from the software player. Some can also work around locked RPC-2 firmware. The region coding of a DVD can be circumvented by making a copy that adds flags for all region codes, creating an all-region DVD. DVD backup software can do this, and some can also remove Macrovision , CSS , and disabled user operations (UOps). In common region-locked DVDs (but not in RCE-DVDs),

2520-484: The execution of convicted murderer Ike Roscoe. Christy announces she is quitting the TV station and marrying Blaine the day after tomorrow in New York City. Not wanting to let Christy leave him, Sully orders his junior reporter Siegenthaler to buy up all available transportation tickets out of town. During lunch with Christy and Blaine, Sully explains that Roscoe is in prison for killing his son's drug dealer, not realizing that

2583-401: The film did overall; however, Siskel expressed strong disappointment in the film and gave Switching Channels a thumbs down. Rotten Tomatoes currently lists Switching Channels with a 60% rating based on 15 reviews. Reeve, who played against type as the hapless fiancé, later expressed regret in making the film, believing he "made a fool of himself" and that he had only taken the project as

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2646-409: The firmware count can be done with first- or third-party software tools, or by reflashing (see above) to RPC-1 firmware. Since some software does not work correctly with RPC-1 drives, there is also the option of reflashing the drive with a so-called auto-reset firmware. This firmware appears as RPC-2 firmware to software, but will reset the region changes counter whenever power is cycled, reverting to

2709-417: The following of her experience working with Burt Reynolds on Switching Channels : "Working with Burt Reynolds was terrible. The first day Burt came in he made me cry. He said something about not taking second place to a woman. His behavior was shocking. It never occurred to me that I wasn’t someone’s equal. I left the room sobbing. I called my husband and said, 'I don’t know what to do.' He said, 'You just do

2772-401: The forties, The Front Page comes out of. I hope Cary Grant, whom I knew and admired, won't be whirling in his grave over what we've done. But we're keeping it fast and talky: some scenes are eight pages of dialogue. Kathleen Turner and Burt Reynolds had a very strained working relationship on set, and both have commented negatively on one another in years since. In 2018, Kathleen Turner said

2835-413: The hapless Governor. The male lead was meant to be played by Michael Caine but he was delayed filming Jaws: The Revenge . Burt Reynolds was cast instead. Reynolds recalled: I wasn't doing anything other than sitting around mulling over the lint in my belly button... I've always been a great fan of Ted Kotcheff - I really liked North Dallas Forty - and I loved the period of films, the thirties and

2898-415: The job.' It got to be very hostile because the crew began taking sides. But as for the performance, I was able to put the negativity aside. I’m not convinced Burt was." In March 2018, when he was asked by Andy Cohen who the most overrated actor of the 1970s and 1980s was, Reynolds cited Turner. Siskel & Ebert gave Switching Channels mixed results: Ebert was positive about the film and liked how

2961-692: The mechanisms in DVD players to enforce them have no legal protection. The practice was also criticized by the European Commission which as of 14 March 2001 were investigating whether the resulting price discrimination amounts to a violation of European competition law. The Washington Post highlighted how DVD region-coding was a major inconvenience for travelers who have the desire to legally purchase DVDs worldwide and return with them to their countries of origin, students of foreign languages, immigrants who want to watch films from their country of origin, and foreign film fans. Another criticism

3024-466: The media to televise it live. As Ike is strapped into the chair, a power surge occurs and he escapes. Christy sees Ike escaping while riding in limousine with Blaine on her way out of town. She gets out and tells Blaine she will meet him at the train station. After catching up to Ike, Christy tells him to go to the second floor courthouse press room. Christy telephones Sully from the press room and tells him she found Ike. After she hangs up, Ike hides inside

3087-519: The player software, not by the computer system or the drive, not like DVD regions. The region code is stored in a file or the registry, and there are hacks to reset the region counter of the player software. In standalone players, the region code is part of and enforced by the firmware. For bypassing region codes, there are software and multi-regional standalone players available. On the other hand, some standalone players can be modified to be region-free. A new form of Blu-ray region coding tests not only

3150-431: The press room photo copier as other reporters arrive. Ridnitz appears with armed police and announces that Ike was seen on the third floor. After a series of comic escapades, Christy stalls Ridnitz long enough for Ike's pardon to come through. Christy turns on a news camera and tricks Ridnitz into confessing that he wanted Ike executed in order to win the election. Sully hands the tape over to Siegenthaler and tells him to run

3213-739: The producers of Watch What Happens Live , and the producers at World of Wonder . The channel has also produced specials including; Radio Andy Theater, a parody of the Real Housewives franchise, AC2 Live: Andy and Anderson on the Road (a behind-the-scenes show following Cohen and Anderson Cooper on their live tour), and the Love Connection Diaries (also a backstage docu-series featuring Cohen, and Love Connection producer and Radio Andy host, John Hill). Cohen and close friend Anderson Cooper announced that they would be going on

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3276-651: The refresh rate and resolution commonly associated with NTSC). SECAM, a format associated with French-speaking Europe, while using the same resolution and refresh rate as PAL, is a distinct format which uses a very different system of color encoding. Some DVD players can only play discs identified as NTSC, PAL or SECAM, while others can play multiple standards. In general, it is easier for consumers in PAL/SECAM countries to view NTSC DVDs than vice versa. Almost all DVD players sold in PAL/SECAM countries are capable of playing both kinds of discs, and most modern PAL TVs can handle

3339-408: The region 2, region 4, and region 5 codes, or are region 0. Region-code enhanced, also known as just "RCE" or "REA", was a retroactive attempt to prevent the playing of one region's discs in another region, even if the disc was played in a region-free player. The scheme was deployed on only a handful of discs. The disc contained the main program material region coded as region 1. But it also contained

3402-420: The region code is stored in the file "VIDEO_TS.IFO" (table "VMGM_MAT"), byte offsets 34 and 35. The eight regions each correspond to a value which is a power of 2: Region 1 corresponds to 1 (2 ), Region 2 to 2 (2 ), Region 3 to 4 (2 ), and so on through Region 8, which corresponds to 128 (2 ). The values of each region that the disc is not encoded for are added together to give the value in the file. For example,

3465-658: The region of the player/player software, but also its country code. This means, for example, while both the US and Japan are Region A, some American discs are not going to be played on devices/software installed in Japan or vice versa, due to the two countries having different country codes (the United States has 21843 or Hex 5553 ("US" in ASCII , according to ISO 3166-1 ), and Japan has 19024, or Hex 4a50 ("JP"); Canada has 17217 or Hex 4341 ("CA"). Although there are only three Blu-ray regions,

3528-491: The same Blu-ray region code (region B). North Korea and South Korea have different DVD region codes (North Korea: region 5, South Korea: region 3), but use the same Blu-ray region code (region A). In China, two DVD region codes are used: Mainland China uses region 6, but Hong Kong and Macau use region 3. There are also two Blu-ray regions used: China uses region C, while Hong Kong and Macau use region A. Most DVDs in India combine

3591-418: The state of a drive that has never had its region code changed. Most freeware and open source DVD players ignore region coding. VLC , for example, does not attempt to enforce region coding; however, it requires access to the DVD's raw data to overcome CSS encryption, and such access may not be available on some drives with RPC-2 firmware when playing a disc from a different region than the region to which

3654-718: The story. Blaine graciously steps out of Christy's life, saying that her true loves are the news and Sully. Sully and Christy go to Hawaii for their second honeymoon. Filmed primarily in Canada with a Canadian director ( Ted Kotcheff ), Switching Channels features many popular Canadian character actors in supporting roles: Al Waxman as Berger, the station manager, Ken James as Warden Terwilliger, Barry Flatman and Anthony Sherwood as television reporters Zaks and Carvalho, Joe Silver as newswriter Mordsini, Tony Rosato , Jackie Richardson , Philip Akin , Laura Robinson , Fiona Reid and Jack Duffy . It also co-stars Charles Kimbrough as

3717-616: The use of modchips . Although region locked on film DVDs and film Blu-ray Discs, the PlayStation 3 , PlayStation 4 , PlayStation 5 , Xbox One , and Xbox Series X are region free for video games, though add-on content on the online store is region locked and must match the region of the disc. Blu-ray discs use a much simpler region-code system than DVD with only three regions, labeled A, B and C. As with DVDs, many Blu-rays are encoded region 0 (region free), making them suitable for players worldwide. Blu-ray regions are verified only by

3780-447: The user to select a region, while others may actually assign the region automatically based on the locale set in the operating system. In most computer drives, users are allowed to change the region code up to five times. If the number of allowances reaches zero, the region last used will be permanent even if the drive is transferred to another computer. This limit is built into the drive's controller software, called firmware. Resetting

3843-583: Was criticized for facilitating unlawful market control strategies, such as price fixing . Sale of region-coded DVDs are illegal in New Zealand . The Australian Competition and Consumer Commission (ACCC) have warned that DVD players that enforce region-coding may violate the Competition and Consumer Act 2010 . A December 2000 report from the ACCC advised consumers to "exercise caution when purchasing

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3906-489: Was in disfavor of was his character suffering acrophobia by showing fear when in a scenic glass elevator, a likely spoof of Reeve's best known role as Superman . The film was nominated for two Golden Raspberry Awards : Burt Reynolds was nominated for Worst Actor and Christopher Reeve for Worst Supporting Actor . However, they respectively "lost" to Sylvester Stallone for Rambo III and Dan Aykroyd for Caddyshack II . DVD region code DVD region codes are

3969-399: Was threatened by the advent of digital home video was the tradition of releasing a movie to cinemas and then for general rental or sale later in some countries than in others. This practice was historically common because before the advent of digital cinema , releasing a movie at the same time worldwide used to be prohibitively expensive. Most importantly, manufacturing a release print of

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