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98-525: Sydney Kingsford Smith Airport ( IATA : SYD , ICAO : YSSY ) — colloquially Mascot Airport , Kingsford Smith Airport , or Sydney Airport — is an international airport serving Sydney , New South Wales , Australia, 8 km (5.0 mi) south of the Sydney central business district , in the suburb of Mascot . Sydney Airport is the busiest airport in Oceania. It is the primary airport serving Sydney and

196-414: A 60-metre (197 ft) roof span above a new column-free check-in hall and resulted in extending the terminal footprint to 80,000 square metres (860,000 sq ft). Since the opening of the terminal in 1974, the original airport terminal building built in 1940 was incorporated into the southwest portion of the newer terminal and is currently near gates 17 to 19 of Terminal 3 (as of 2024). The terminal

294-504: A 99-year lease on the airport which remains Crown land and as such is categorised as a Leased Federal Airport. In 2005, a planned expansion of the airport was announced, including the construction of a multi-level car park, and the expansion of both international and domestic terminals. The expansion was planned to stretch over twenty years (2005–25). These expansions—and other plans and policies by Macquarie Bank for airport operations were seen as controversial, as they were performed without

392-468: A central position in the airport, located northeast to where General Holmes Drive goes under the main Runway 16R/34L. It began construction in 1993 in conjunction with the construction of parallel Runway 16L/34R, and was commissioned on 6 January 1996. The control tower replaces the fourth control tower (No. 4) built in 1972, located at the mouth of Cooks River and south of General Holmes Drive. As of 2021,

490-589: A factory and an aerodrome close to the city. A real estate office in Sydney told him of some land owned by the Kensington Race Club that was being kept as a hedge against its losing its government-owned site at Randwick . It had been used by a local abattoir which was closing down, to graze sheep and cattle. This land appealed to Love as the surface was perfectly flat and was covered with a pasture of buffalo grass . The grass had been grazed so evenly by

588-543: A motorway, is the fastest toll-free link to the city centre. The M5 South Western Motorway (including the M5 East Freeway) links the airport with the south-western suburbs of Sydney. A ring road runs around the airport consisting of Airport Drive, Qantas Drive, General Holmes Drive , M5 East Freeway and Marsh Street. General Holmes Drive features a tunnel under the main north–south runway and three taxiways as well as providing access to an aircraft viewing area. Inside

686-567: A new airport is built, replacing the old one, leaving the city's new "major" airport (or the only remaining airport) code to no longer correspond with the city's name. The original airport in Nashville, Tennessee, was built in 1936 as part of the Works Progress Administration and called Berry Field with the designation, BNA. A new facility known as Nashville International Airport was built in 1987 but still uses BNA. This

784-504: A park and pedestrian pathway in August 2015. In 1995, the freight only network was extended north with a dedicated bi-directional single freight line constructed from Flemington to Homebush where it joined a refurbished existing line to North Strathfield and Rhodes . During the 1990s, the section between Dulwich Hill and Rozelle also saw a considerable decline in traffic after handling of bulk grain moved to Port Kembla, Enfield yard

882-468: A reconfiguration and decluttering of outbound and inbound duty-free areas, an extension of the airside dining areas, and the installation of Australian Border Force outbound immigration SmartGates . These works were completed in 2016. The terminal has 25 gates served by aerobridges, thirteen of which are in Pier B (numbered 8–10, 24–25 and 30–37), and twelve in Pier C (numbered 50–51, 53–61 and 63). Prior to

980-401: A significant increase from 2021 levels, largely due to the aviation downturn from COVID-19. Sydney Airport handled 14.6 million international passengers in the year ending 31 December 2023. In 2019, Sydney Airport handled 521,014 tonnes of international air freight and 23,260 tonnes of international air mail. Sydney Airport has road connections in all directions. Southern Cross Drive (M1),

1078-509: Is GSN and its IATA code is SPN, and some coincide with IATA codes of non-U.S. airports. Canada's unusual codes—which bear little to no similarity with any conventional abbreviation to the city's name—such as YUL in Montréal , and YYZ in Toronto , originated from the two-letter codes used to identify weather reporting stations in the 1930s. The letters preceding the two-letter code follow

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1176-703: Is a network of dedicated railway lines for freight in Sydney , Australia , linking the state's rural and interstate rail network with the city's main yard at Enfield and Port Botany . Its primary components are the Southern Sydney Freight Line (SSFL) and a line from Sefton to Enfield and Port Botany (known as the Metropolitan Goods railway line ). The Network has been managed by the Australian Rail Track Corporation (ARTC) since 2012. Prior to

1274-459: Is a primary hub for Qantas , as well as a secondary hub for Virgin Australia and Jetstar . Situated next to Botany Bay on 907 hectares (2,241 acres ) of land with three runways, Sydney Airport is one of the world's longest continuously operated commercial airports and is the busiest airport in Australia , handling 42.6 million passengers and 348,904 aircraft movements in 2016–17. It was

1372-617: Is available. However, many railway administrations have their own list of codes for their stations, such as the list of Amtrak station codes . Airport codes arose out of the convenience that the practice brought pilots for location identification in the 1930s. Initially, pilots in the United States used the two-letter code from the National Weather Service (NWS) for identifying cities. This system became unmanageable for cities and towns without an NWS identifier, and

1470-523: Is different from the name in English, yet the airport code represents only the English name. Examples include: Due to scarcity of codes, some airports are given codes with letters not found in their names: The use of 'X' as a filler letter is a practice to create three-letter identifiers when more straightforward options were unavailable: Some airports in the United States retained their NWS ( National Weather Service ) codes and simply appended an X at

1568-671: Is governed by IATA Resolution 763, and it is administered by the IATA's headquarters in Montreal , Canada. The codes are published semi-annually in the IATA Airline Coding Directory. IATA provides codes for airport handling entities, and for certain railway stations. Alphabetical lists of airports sorted by IATA code are available. A list of railway station codes , shared in agreements between airlines and rail lines such as Amtrak , SNCF , and Deutsche Bahn ,

1666-513: Is in conjunction to rules aimed to avoid confusion that seem to apply in the United States, which state that "the first and second letters or second and third letters of an identifier may not be duplicated with less than 200 nautical miles separation." Thus, Washington, D.C. area's three airports all have radically different codes: IAD for Washington–Dulles , DCA for Washington–Reagan (District of Columbia Airport), and BWI for Baltimore (Baltimore–Washington International, formerly BAL). Since HOU

1764-448: Is located in the northeastern section adjacent to Terminal 2, with which it shares an underground train station . There are 14 parking bays served by aerobridges, including two served by dual aerobridges. Terminal 3 features a large Qantas Club lounge, along with a dedicated Business Class and Chairman's lounge. Terminal 3 also has a 'Heritage Collection' located adjacent to gate 13, dedicated to Qantas and including many collections from

1862-543: Is not followed outside the United States: In addition, since three letter codes starting with Q are widely used in radio communication, cities whose name begins with "Q" also had to find alternate codes, as in the case of: IATA codes should not be confused with the FAA identifiers of U.S. airports. Most FAA identifiers agree with the corresponding IATA codes, but some do not, such as Saipan , whose FAA identifier

1960-405: Is now used as an office building. The airport is a major hub for freight transport to and from Australia, handling approximately 45 percent of the national cargo traffic. Therefore, it is equipped with extensive freight facilities including seven dedicated cargo terminals operated by several handlers. Sydney Airport handled over 24.1 million domestic passengers in the year ending 31 December 2023,

2058-512: Is often the case that people on late flights are unable to travel on a given day. As of 2009, fines for violating curfew have been levied against four airlines, with a maximum fine of A$ 550,000 applicable. In addition to the curfew, Sydney Airport also has a cap of 80 aircraft movements per hour which cannot be exceeded, leading to increased delays during peak hours. In 1998, the Federal Government agreed to separate Sydney Airport from

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2156-416: Is used for William P. Hobby Airport , the new Houston–Intercontinental became IAH. The code BKK was originally assigned to Bangkok–Don Mueang and was later transferred to Suvarnabhumi Airport , while the former adopted DMK. The code ISK was originally assigned to Gandhinagar Airport (Nashik's old airport) and later on transferred to Ozar Airport (Nashik's current airport). Shanghai–Hongqiao retained

2254-646: The 1995 New South Wales state election . The party did not win a seat in parliament but came close in the electorate of Marrickville . It also contested the 1996 Australian federal election . In 1995, the Australian Parliament passed the Sydney Airport Curfew Act 1995 , which limits the operating hours of the airport . This was done in an effort to reduce airport noise over residential areas and thereby curb complaints. The curfew prevents aircraft from taking off or landing between

2352-630: The 2000 Summer Olympic Games for A$ 170 million . After Ansett's collapse in 2002, Ansett's administrators sold the terminal lease to the airport for A$ 200 million , and the terminal became open to all airline operators, including Qantas's regional carriers ( QantasLink ) and Virgin Blue (now Virgin Australia). QantasLink moved from Terminal 2 to Terminal 3 in 2013. Terminal 3 is a domestic terminal serving Qantas as well as QantasLink flights, which moved from Terminal 2 to Terminal 3 on 16 August 2013. It

2450-402: The 2000 Summer Olympics , including ten new aircraft parking positions and new integrated baggage handling system. A third $ 500 million redevelopment was completed in 2010, by which the shopping complex was expanded, outbound customs operations were centralised and the floor space of the terminal increased to 254,000 square metres (2,730,000 sq ft). Further renovations began in 2015 with

2548-608: The Bankstown passenger line as far as Marrickville . From here, a connection to the Illawarra line provides a link to a sea terminal at Port Kembla , south of Sydney. From Marrickville, the line continues on its own alignment to the Cooks River and Port Botany container terminals. There was previously a loop line that completed a circuitous route of the inner suburbs. Diverging at Dulwich Hill , it headed north beneath

2646-571: The Canadian transcontinental railroads were built, each station was assigned its own two-letter Morse code : When the Canadian government established airports, it used the existing railway codes for them as well. If the airport had a weather station, authorities added a "Y" to the front of the code, meaning "Yes" to indicate it had a weather station or some other letter to indicate it did not. When international codes were created in cooperation with

2744-595: The Department of Civil Aviation constructed an administrative and terminal building in the eastern part of the aerodrome, with a control tower cab at the top floor. The building is now part of Terminal 3 since 1999, but the control tower cab has already been removed. By 1949, the airport had three runways – the 1,085-metre (3,560 ft) 11/29, the 1,190-metre (3,904 ft) 16/34, and the 1,787-metre (5,863 ft) 04/22. The Sydenham to Botany railway line crossed runway 04/22 approximately 150 metres (490 ft) from

2842-547: The Federal Airports Corporation and to incorporate it as Sydney Airport Corporation. David Mortimer was appointed as Chair and Tony Stuart as CEO. Its mandate was to successfully redevelop the airport as the gateway for the Sydney 2000 Olympics, support the growth of new airlines such as Virgin and Emirates, and prepare it for a successful $ 3 billion-plus privatisation. In 2001 Sydney Airport was awarded World's Best Airport. In preparation for privatisation

2940-604: The Main Suburban line at Lewisham to Lilyfield before heading east to Rozelle and Pyrmont , and then south under Railway Square through NSW's oldest tunnel to join the Main Suburban line outside Central . This line served the ports at Glebe Island (diverging via a spur from Lilyfield) and Darling Harbour . With the exception of the Marrickville to Port Botany and Lilyfield to Central sections,

3038-529: The Oneworld airline alliance while today's international Terminal 1 would be used by Virgin Australia and its international partners. Other international airlines would continue to operate from T1. In September 2012, Sydney Airport Managing Director and CEO Kerrie Mather announced the airport had abandoned the proposal to create alliance-based terminals in favour of terminals "based around specific airline requirements and (passenger) transfer flows". She stated

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3136-544: The 2008–09 financial year, from $ 28 to $ 50 for four hours. This amounts to the highest profit margins on aeronautical services and very high profit margins on car parking fees. The report also accused the airport of abusing its monopoly power. In December 2011, Sydney Airport announced a proposal to divide the airport into two airline-alliance-based precincts; integrating international, domestic, and regional services under one roof by 2019. The current domestic Terminal 2 and Terminal 3 would be used by Qantas, Jetstar, and members of

3234-411: The 2010 upgrade, there also used to be gates 20, 22 and 23 in Pier B. Pier B is used by Qantas , all Oneworld members, and all SkyTeam members (except Delta Air Lines ). Pier C is used by Virgin Australia and its partners (including Delta) as well as all Star Alliance members. There are also a number of remote bays which are heavily utilised during peak periods and for parking idle aircraft during

3332-510: The 48th busiest airport in the world in 2022. Currently, 46 domestic and 43 international destinations are served to Sydney directly. In 2018, the airport was rated in the top five worldwide for airports handling 40–50 million passengers annually and was overall voted the 20th best airport in the world at the Skytrax World Airport Awards. The airport is owned by Sydney Airport Corporation Limited . The land used for

3430-630: The Master Plan, which outlines the airport's plans to cater to the forecast demand of 74 million passengers in 2033. The plan includes Sydney Airport's first-ever integrated ground transport plan. On 27 August 2018, the Sydney Airport Master Plan 2039 was announced. The Sydney Airport Masterplan 2039 is a strategic plan that outlines the long-term vision for the development of Sydney Airport . The airport expects international travellers passing through its terminals to double over

3528-551: The State Abattoirs at Homebush Bay . The initial scheme, approved by the Parliamentary Committee on Public Works, approved the initial line from Dulwich Hill to Darling Harbour. To avoid an opening rail bridge alongside the existing Glebe Island Bridge , a circuitous route was built around Rozelle Bay through the suburb of Pyrmont . The proposal, which included two tunnels under Pyrmont and Glebe ,

3626-466: The U.S. For example, several airports in Alaska have scheduled commercial service, such as Stebbins and Nanwalek , which use FAA codes instead of ICAO codes. Thus, neither system completely includes all airports with scheduled service. Some airports are identified in colloquial speech by their IATA code. Examples include LAX and JFK . Sydney Freight Network The Sydney Freight Network

3724-481: The United States, because "Y" was seldom used in the United States, Canada simply used the weather station codes for its airports, changing the "Y" to a "Z" if it conflicted with an airport code already in use. The result is that most major Canadian airport codes start with "Y" followed by two letters in the city's name (for example, YOW for O tta w a , YWG for W innipe g , YYC for C algar y , or YVR for V ancouve r ), whereas other Canadian airports append

3822-461: The airline's 90-plus years of service. It also has a view of the airport's apron and is used commonly by plane-spotters . Sydney Airport previously had a fourth passenger terminal, east of Terminal 2. This was known as Domestic Express or simply Express Terminal . Construction of the terminal and adjacent aircraft parking aprons was completed in "a record 56 days", and operations began on 5 June 2000 with an official opening on 18 July that year. It

3920-491: The airport a part-ring road – Ross Smith Avenue (named after Ross MacPherson Smith ) – connects the Domestic Terminal with the control tower, the general aviation area, car-rental company storage yards, long-term car park, heliport , various retail operations and a hotel. A perimeter road runs inside the secured area for authorised vehicles only. IATA airport code The assignment of these codes

4018-601: The airport argued successfully for a new regulatory regime. All three terminals were upgraded prior to the 2000 Summer Olympics which was to be held in Sydney. In 2002, the Commonwealth Government sold Sydney Airport Corporation (SAC), to Southern Cross Airports Corporation Holdings for $ 5.4 billion. 83 percent of SAC is owned by MAp Airports International Limited, a subsidiary of Macquarie Group , Sydney Airport Intervest GmbH owns 12 percent and Ontario Teachers' Australia Trust owns 5 percent. SACL holds

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4116-511: The airport had been a bullock paddock, with a lot of the area around Mascot being swampy. Flights had been taking off from at least 1911 from these fields, with aviators using other Sydney locations like Anderson Park and Neutral Bay for a few years prior. Nigel Love , who had been a pilot in the First World War , was interested in establishing the nation's first aircraft manufacturing company. This idea would require him to establish

4214-440: The airport itself instead of the city it serves, while another code is reserved which refers to the city itself which can be used to search for flights to any of its airports. For instance: Or using a code for the city in one of the major airports and then assigning another code to another airport: When different cities with the same name each have an airport, they need to be assigned different codes. Examples include: Sometimes,

4312-418: The airport's former name, such as Orlando International Airport 's MCO (for Mc C o y Air Force Base), or Chicago's O'Hare International Airport , which is coded ORD for its original name: Or char d Field. In rare cases, the code comes from the airport's unofficial name, such as Kahului Airport 's OGG (for local aviation pioneer Jimmy H ogg ). In large metropolitan areas, airport codes are often named after

4410-416: The airport's northeastern section, is a domestic terminal and the former home of Ansett Australia 's domestic operations. It features 20 parking bays served by aerobridges and several remote bays for regional aircraft. It serves FlyPelican , Jetstar , Link Airways , Rex Airlines , and Virgin Australia . There are lounges for Rex Airlines and Virgin Australia. The terminal was first opened in 1939–1940 as

4508-433: The airport, Pan Am 's Clipper Flying Cloud (N734PA), arrived on 4 October 1970. Meanwhile, the 1940 TAA domestic terminal was expanded and modernised in 1962, with departures separated from arrivals along with other upgrades. The terminal was replaced by a new TAA terminal in 1974, constructed on the site of the old international terminal building after the new international terminal opened four years prior. The new terminal

4606-450: The carriage of departmental coke for steam engines, and a small amount of timber from 1860. Initial reports of the traffic on the line suggested that freight revenue amounted to only £20 a year, and there was only 60 tonnes of coke carriage a week. Other problems beset the line in the 1860s. Darling Harbour had begun to silt up by 1863, and the 3 d. charge per person, each way on the nearby Pyrmont Bridge (at that time privately owned)

4704-502: The code SHA, while the newer Shanghai–Pudong adopted PVG. The opposite was true for Berlin : the airport Berlin–Tegel used the code TXL, while its smaller counterpart Berlin–Schönefeld used SXF; the Berlin Brandenburg Airport has the airport code BER, which is also part of its branding. The airports of Hamburg (HAM) and Hannover (HAJ) are less than 100 nautical miles (190 km) apart and therefore share

4802-640: The completion of the SSFL, it was managed by RailCorp as the Metropolitan Freight Network . One arm of the network starts behind the Flemington Maintenance Depot while another starts at Sefton with both merging at Enfield . Services from the state's north and west approach via the former and from the south via the latter. From Enfield, the line heads south to Campsie where it turns east and runs parallel to

4900-488: The control tower complex remains standing and is used by Airservices Australia as its Traffic Control Unit to manage planes within a 100 kilometres (62 mi) radius from Sydney. However, the Traffic Control Unit was slated to be moved to Melbourne and the control tower complex was slated for demolition. Sydney Airport has three passenger terminals. The International Terminal (Terminal 1) is separated from

4998-563: The day. As of 2024, there is currently no Pier A, but Pier A would be the name for a northern expansion if it were to happen in the future. The terminal building is split into three levels, one each for arrivals, departures, and airline offices. The departure level has 20 rows of check-in desks each with 10 single desks making a total of 200 check-in desks. The terminal hosts eight airline lounges : two for Qantas, and one each for The House, Air New Zealand , Singapore Airlines , Emirates , American Express , and SkyTeam . Terminal 2, located in

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5096-934: The end. Examples include: A lot of minor airfields without scheduled passenger traffic have ICAO codes but not IATA codes, since the four letter codes allow more number of codes, and IATA codes are mainly used for passenger services such as tickets, and ICAO codes by pilots. In the US, such airfields use FAA codes instead of ICAO. There are airports with scheduled service for which there are ICAO codes but not IATA codes, such as Nkhotakota Airport/Tangole Airport in Malawi or Chōfu Airport in Tokyo, Japan. There are also several minor airports in Russia (e.g., Omsukchan Airport ) which lack IATA codes and instead use internal Russian codes for booking. Flights to these airports cannot be booked through

5194-557: The first three letters of the city in which it is located, for instance: The code may also be a combination of the letters in its name, such as: Sometimes the airport code reflects pronunciation, rather than spelling, namely: For many reasons, some airport codes do not fit the normal scheme described above. Some airports, for example, cross several municipalities or regions, and therefore, use codes derived from some of their letters, resulting in: Other airports—particularly those serving cities with multiple airports—have codes derived from

5292-478: The following format: Most large airports in Canada have codes that begin with the letter "Y", although not all "Y" codes are Canadian (for example, YUM for Yuma, Arizona , and YNT for Yantai , China), and not all Canadian airports start with the letter "Y" (for example, ZBF for Bathurst, New Brunswick ). Many Canadian airports have a code that starts with W, X or Z, but none of these are major airports. When

5390-597: The form of " YYZ ", a song by the rock band Rush , which utilizes the Morse code signal as a musical motif. Some airports have started using their IATA codes as brand names , such as Calgary International Airport (YYC) and Vancouver International Airport (YVR). Numerous New Zealand airports use codes that contain the letter Z, to distinguish them from similar airport names in other countries. Examples include HLZ for Hamilton , ZQN for Queenstown , and WSZ for Westport . Predominantly, airport codes are named after

5488-455: The hours of 11 pm and 6 am. A limited number of scheduled and approved take-offs and landings are permitted respectively in the "shoulder periods" of 11 pm to midnight and 5 am to 6 am. The Act does not stop all aircraft movements overnight but limits noise by restricting the types of aircraft that can operate, the runways they can use and the number of flights allowed. During extreme weather, flights are often delayed and it

5586-487: The international air booking systems or have international luggage transferred there, and thus, they are booked instead through the airline or a domestic booking system. Several heliports in Greenland have 3-letter codes used internally which might be IATA codes for airports in faraway countries. There are several airports with scheduled service that have not been assigned ICAO codes that do have IATA codes, especially in

5684-442: The legal oversight of local councils , which usually act as the local planning authority for such developments. As of April 2006, some of the proposed development has been scaled back. The international terminal underwent a A$ 500,000,000 renovation that was completed in mid-2010. The upgrade includes a new baggage system, an extra 7,300 m (78,577 sq ft) of space for shops and passenger waiting areas, expansion of

5782-684: The line ceased. In 2010, the NSW Government announced the Inner West Light Rail would be extended along the disused section from Lilyfield to Dulwich Hill . The extension opened on 27 March 2014. In August 2004, the Australian Rail Track Corporation and RailCorp entered into an agreement for the ARTC to lease the Metropolitan Freight Network, specified as being the dedicated freight lines within

5880-612: The name of the airport itself, for instance: This is also true with some cities with a single airport (even if there is more than one airport in the metropolitan area of said city), such as BDL for Hartford, Connecticut 's B ra dl ey International Airport or Baltimore's BWI, for B altimore/ W ashington I nternational Airport ; however, the latter also serves Washington, D.C. , alongside Dulles International Airport (IAD, for I nternational A irport D ulles) and Ronald Reagan Washington National Airport (DCA, for D istrict of C olumbia A irport). The code also sometimes comes from

5978-460: The network was electrified in stages. The Dulwich Hill to Rozelle section was electrified in October 1967 while the Marrickville to Tempe section was completed in 1985. But with electric haulage of freight trains ceasing in the late 1990s, this infrastructure is no longer used and has been removed in parts. As of December 2018, the only remaining sections of overhead wires are a short section from

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6076-461: The next two decades and underpin an expected 50 per cent increase in passenger numbers by 2039. The plan aims to minimise traffic congestion on ground transportation. Runway 07/25 is used mainly by lighter aircraft but is used by all aircraft including Airbus A380s when conditions require. Runway 16R/34L is presently the longest operational runway in Australia, with a paved length of 4,400 m (14,300 ft) and 3,920 m (12,850 ft) between

6174-558: The northern end and was protected by special safe working facilities. In the late 1940s (c. 1947–1949), a temporary overseas passenger (i.e. international) terminal was constructed. The original 1940 terminal then became the terminal building for the Trans Australia Airlines (TAA), the government-owned domestic airline, and the building also became known as the TAA terminal building. The temporary overseas passenger terminal

6272-501: The north–south 16/34 runway was one of the longest runways in the southern hemisphere . Up to the early 1960s, the majority of Sydneysiders referred to the airport as Mascot. Jet aircraft started to arrive in July 1959, with the introduction of Qantas ' Boeing 707-138 . By the 1960s, the need for a new international terminal had become apparent. In the late 1940s and early 1950s, a terminal block for both international and domestic flights

6370-416: The one they are located in: Other airport codes are of obscure origin, and each has its own peculiarities: In Asia, codes that do not correspond with their city's names include Niigata 's KIJ , Nanchang 's KHN and Pyongyang 's FNJ . EuroAirport Basel Mulhouse Freiburg , which serves three countries, has three airport codes: BSL, MLH, EAP. Some cities have a name in their respective language which

6468-509: The other two domestic terminals (Terminals 2 & 3) by runway 16R/34L; therefore, connecting passengers need to allow for longer transfer times ranging from 30 minutes to an hour or more. The existing terminal numbering system (Terminals 1 to 3) was adopted on 24 September 2002. Terminal 1 is also known as the International Terminal and serves all international flights. It is located in the airport's northwestern sector. It

6566-612: The plan was to minimise the number of passengers transferring between terminals. In June 2013, the airport released a draft version of its 2033 Master Plan, which proposes operating domestic and international flights from the same terminals using 'swing gates', along with upgrading Terminal 3 (currently the Qantas domestic terminal) to accommodate the Airbus A380 . On 17 February 2014, the Australian Government approved

6664-563: The purpose of creating a public airfield. In 1923, when Love's three-year lease expired, the Mascot land was compulsorily acquired by the Commonwealth Government from the racing club. The first regular flights began in 1924. In 1933, the first gravel runways were built. On 14 August 1936, the airport was renamed Sydney (Kingsford Smith) Airport in honour of pioneering Australian aviator Sir Charles Kingsford Smith . In 1940,

6762-502: The rail corridors: In August 2012, RailCorp leased the Metropolitan Goods line from Port Botany to Enfield to the ARTC for 50 years. In January 2013, the ARTC opened the Southern Sydney Freight Line ; an extension to the dedicated freight network from the end of the Metropolitan Goods line at Sefton to Macarthur . The loop between North Strathfield and Rhodes has been duplicated with an underpass as part of

6860-506: The same first and middle letters, indicating that this rule might be followed only in Germany. Many cities retain historical names in their airport codes, even after having undergone an official name/spelling/transliteration change: Some airport codes are based on previous names associated with a present airport, often with a military heritage. These include: Some airports are named for an administrative division or nearby city, rather than

6958-411: The sheep and cattle that it required little to make it serviceable for aircraft. In addition, the approaches on all four sides had no obstructions, it was bounded by Ascot Racecourse , gardens, a river, and Botany Bay . Love established the airfield at Mascot as a private concern, leasing 80 hectares (200 acres) from the Kensington Race Club for three years. It initially had a small canvas structure but

7056-398: The south. The limitations of having only two runways that crossed each other had become apparent and governments grappled with Sydney's airport capacity for decades. Eventually, the controversial decision to build a third runway was made. The third runway was parallel to the existing runway 16/34, entirely on reclaimed land from Botany Bay . A proposed new airport on the outskirts of Sydney

7154-500: The station code of Malton, Mississauga , where it is located). YUL is used for Montréal–Trudeau (UL was the ID code for the beacon in the city of Kirkland , now the location of Montréal–Trudeau). While these codes make it difficult for the public to associate them with a particular Canadian city, some codes have become popular in usage despite their cryptic nature, particularly at the largest airports. Toronto's code has entered pop culture in

7252-401: The terminal building for Australian National Airways (ANA). It was expanded in July 1952. The ANA terminal was included in the sale of ANA to Ansett in 1957. It was upgraded and modernised in 1974–1975 with a new baggage handling system, moving walkways, air-conditioned departure lounges and aerobridges. It also had a covered bridge from the domestic car park to the terminal. During the 1990s,

7350-431: The terminal was upgraded and redevelopment two times. The first redevelopment was announced in 1989, and included a new western concourse, new boarding lounges at the existing concourse and new aircraft-parking positions. This was to create additional gates for other airlines, required as part of the new 30-year lease for the terminal that Ansett had signed with the federal government. The second redevelopment completed before

7448-407: The terminal, including the lucrative retail areas. Qantas would retain priority usage for the check-in and baggage facilities and departure gates until mid-2025. The TAA terminal was built in 1974, occupying the site of the former Overseas Passenger Terminal. The current terminal building is largely the result of extensions designed by Hassell and completed in 1999. This included the construction of

7546-424: The three gravel runways. The first paved runway to be constructed was 07/25, completed in 1953–1954. Subsequently, the next paved runway to be constructed was 16/34 (now 16R/34L) which replaced the parallel gravel runway 16/34. Both runways were constructed south of the gravel runways. At the same time, on 2 November 1953, a new air traffic control tower with an integrated fire station was constructed northeast of where

7644-669: The time when the Sydney Railway Company was formed in 1848, it had been the intention of the company to build a freight terminal at Darling Harbour . To this end, a railway line was constructed between the Sydney Railway Station (the predecessor to Central railway station ) and Darling Harbour, which opened on 26 September 1855. Initial traffic was spoil for the construction of the Main Suburban Line between Sydney and Parramatta , then for

7742-508: The transit zone, and other improvements. In March 2010, the Australian Competition & Consumer Commission released a report sharply critical of price gouging at Sydney airport, ranking it fifth out of five airports. The report noted Sydney Airport recorded the highest average prices at $ 13.63 per passenger, compared to the lowest at $ 7.96 at Melbourne Airport , while the price of short-term parking had almost doubled in

7840-597: The tunnel under the Bankstown line to Tempe, along the Down line from Dulwich Hill to Campsie and both tracks from Campsie to where the line separates from the Bankstown line. The line had connections to allow suburban passenger services to operate on it including accessing the Canterbury Park Racecourse sidings on race days but these were out of use by the mid-1980s and have since been removed. From

7938-406: The two runways intersect, replacing the control tower on the 1940 terminal building. The tower was demolished in 2005. The new runway 16/34 was later extended southwards into Botany Bay over General Holmes Drive in 1968 to accommodate long-haul international jets, and then extended again to its current length in 1972. Since then, the east–west 07/25 runway was 2,500 m (8,300 ft) long; and

8036-515: The two-letter code of the radio beacons that were the closest to the actual airport, such as YQX in Gander or YXS in Prince George . Four of the ten provincial capital airports in Canada have ended up with codes beginning with YY, including: Canada's largest airport is YYZ for Toronto Pearson (as YTZ was already allocated to Billy Bishop Toronto City Airport , the airport was given

8134-529: The use of two letters allowed only a few hundred combinations; a three-letter system of airport codes was implemented. This system allowed for 17,576 permutations, assuming all letters can be used in conjunction with each other. Since the U.S. Navy reserved "N" codes, and to prevent confusion with Federal Communications Commission broadcast call signs , which begin with "W" or "K", the airports of certain U.S. cities whose name begins with one of these letters had to adopt "irregular" airport codes: This practice

8232-535: The yards closing in October 1984. In January 1996, the Lilyfield to Central section closed. Much of the trackbed was used for the light rail that opened to Wentworth Park in August 1997 and was extended to Lilyfield in August 2000. A spur of the branch was retained from Central to connect the Powerhouse Museum to the network. A section of the spur fell into disrepair and was converted to

8330-414: The zebra thresholds. Runway 16L/34R is mainly used by domestic aircraft and large aircraft up to the size of B767/A330/B787/B772/A359, but is used by larger aircraft such as B77L/B773/B77W/B744/A340/A35K/MD11 when no other runway is available. The present Sydney Airport control tower (No. 5) is the fifth air traffic control tower at the airport. It is also heritage-listed since 2016. The tower occupies

8428-495: Was a turnoff to traders looking to use the railway for the transport of their goods. Other factors combined to offset these problems: a plan to convey goods by horse tram to Circular Quay turned out to be a failure; traffic in hay , straw and chaff was transferred to the Darling Harbour yards in 1878; and by 1881, the main goods terminal in Sydney had become overcrowded, leading to directions that traffic for Sydney

8526-580: Was approved on 23 November 1914, and the line opened on 23 January 1922. On 14 October 1925, the line opened from Marrickville to Port Botany . An additional Goods Yard was established at Cooks River in 1947. This yard connects with the Port Botany line to the east of the Princes Highway overbridge. From May 1982 until July 1995, a weighbridge existed on the westbound track between Canterbury and Campsie stations. The Rozelle branch

8624-496: Was initially home to Trans Australia Airlines (TAA, later named Australian Airlines), with Australian Airlines signing a 30 year lease for the terminal with the federal government in 1989. Since the merger of Australian Airlines and Qantas in 1994, the terminal exclusively serves under the Qantas brand. In 2015, Qantas sold its lease of Terminal 3, which was due to continue until 2019, back to Sydney Airport for $ 535 million. This means Sydney Airport resumes operational responsibility of

8722-543: Was later equipped with an imported Richards hangar. The first flight from Mascot was in November 1919 when Love carried freelance movie photographer Billy Marshall up in an Avro. Sydney Airport was declared an aerodrome and officially opened in January 1920. The official opening flight took place on 9 January 1920, also performed by Love. In 1921, the Commonwealth Government purchased 65 hectares (161 acres) in Mascot for

8820-482: Was later replaced by a newer one in 1954, located just north of the 1940 terminal building. During the year 1950, the airport handled at least 793,956 passengers and was ranked among the busiest airports in the world. Between 1947 and 1953, the Cooks River was diverted away around the western side of the airport and other small streams were filled. This allowed the construction of two new paved runways to replace

8918-452: Was located directly north and adjacent to the original TAA terminal. The 1940 terminal was then taken over by East-West Airlines . Upgrades and expansion of the Ansett terminal (now Terminal 2) also began in 1974. Since the international terminal's original completion, it has undergone a few expansions. The international terminal was first expanded in 1992 with the construction of Pier C in

9016-417: Was opened on 3 May 1970, replacing the old Overseas Passenger Terminal (which was located where Terminal 3 stands now), and has been greatly expanded since then. The first extension in 1992 opened Pier C to the south with nine new gates, increasing the number of gates from 17 to 26. The original piers that opened in 1970 also became known as Pier B. The second extension was undertaken between 1997 and 2000 before

9114-418: Was proposed to be at the southeast portion of the airport near General Holmes Drive, but the proposal never eventuated. Work commenced on the construction of the new terminal in late 1966. Much of the new terminal was designed by Paynter and Dixon Industries with Costain appointed lead contractor. The new terminal was officially opened on 3 May 1970, by Queen Elizabeth II . The first Boeing 747 "Jumbo Jet" at

9212-484: Was remodelled and marshaling of trains consolidated there, and operations at the Glebe Island and White Bay ports wound down. Rozelle yard became overgrown but was used intermittently for the storage of disused railway wagons and passenger carriages. Eventually, the sole traffic was a service to deliver cereals to Mungo Scott's flour mill at Summer Hill . In 2009, the mill relocated to Maldon and all traffic on

9310-532: Was shelved in 2004, before being re-examined in 2009–2012 following reports that Kingsford Smith airport will not be able to cope by 2030. The "third runway", which the Commonwealth government commenced development of in 1989 and completed in 1994, remained controversial because of increased aircraft movements, especially over inner suburbs. In 1995 the No Aircraft Noise party was formed to contest

9408-624: Was to be directed to Darling Harbour. The Pyrmont Bridge was later purchased by the New South Wales Government for £48,600. By 1891, all outwards goods traffic was also being dispatched from Darling Harbour. By 1908, goods traffic on the line to Darling Harbour and the neighbouring suburban lines had become excessive, with 592 wagons arriving each day and 512 being dispatched. It was decided to construct separate goods lines from Sefton to Darling Harbour via Enfield , Dulwich Hill and Rozelle , with extensions to Botany and

9506-513: Was used by Hazelton Airlines (later Rex Airlines) and low-cost carriers Virgin Blue and the now-defunct Impulse Airlines (until May 2001). Following Ansett's collapse and the airport's purchase of the Ansett terminal in 2002, the airlines at the Express Terminal began moving to the former Ansett terminal (Terminal 2). Virgin Blue was last to use the Express Terminal and moved to Terminal 2 on 12 December 2002. The former express terminal

9604-477: Was used in 1998 for filming of the television mini-series The Day of the Roses , and depicting Chicago in the film The Matrix . The Darling Harbour branch experienced widespread use throughout the early 20th century. With the use of containers and the decentralisation of freight terminals in Sydney to places such as Chullora , Port Botany and Port Kembla , Darling Harbour traffic reduced considerably, with

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