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56-405: The week-long festival has grown from a relatively low-profile student event in 1993 to become one of the prominent European rock festivals , with about half of all visitors coming from outside Hungary, especially from Western Europe. It also has a dedicated "party train" service (with resident DJs) that transports festival-goers from all over Europe. The second event (1994), labelled Eurowoodstock ,

112-438: A campsite and other amenities and forms of entertainment provided at the venue. Some festivals are singular events, while others recur annually in the same location. Occasionally, a festival will focus on a particular genre (e.g., folk , heavy metal , world music ), but many attempt to bring together a diverse lineup to showcase a broad array of popular music trends. Initially, some of the earliest rock festivals were built on

168-402: A few short years, rock festivals played a unique, significant – and underappreciated – role in fueling the countercultural shift that swept not only America but many other countries [during the 1960s]. It seems fitting… that one of the most enduring labels for the entire generation of that era was derived from a rock festival: the ' Woodstock Generation'." Reflecting their musical diversity and

224-630: A letter to NME expressing their opposition to Clapton's remarks. They believed these were all the more disgusting because he had a hit with a cover of Bob Marley 's " I Shot the Sheriff ": When I read about Eric Clapton's Birmingham concert when he urged support for Enoch Powell, I nearly puked. What's going on, Eric? You've got a touch of brain damage. So you're going to stand for MP and you think we're being colonised by black people. Come on... you've been taking too much of that Daily Express stuff, you know you can't handle it. Own up. Half your music

280-403: A life-sized foosball . The island is located in the city of Budapest allowing trips to the city centre during the day. 47°33′14″N 19°03′18″E  /  47.55389°N 19.05500°E  / 47.55389; 19.05500 Rock festivals A rock festival is an open-air rock concert featuring many different performers, typically spread over two or three days and having

336-727: A musical arm, Cable Street Beat (named after the Battle of Cable Street , a 1936 confrontation between fascists and anti-fascists), on similar principles to Rock Against Racism. Cable Street Beat launched a magazine, Cable Street Beat Review , in early 1989. Among the artists who performed for early Cable Street Beat events were Blaggers ITA , Angelic Upstarts , Attila the Stockbroker , the Men They Couldn't Hang , Forgotten Sons and Blyth Power . In 2002, some music fans, affiliated with Unite Against Fascism , concerned about

392-482: A one-off concert with a message against racism, Rock Against Racism was founded in 1976 by Red Saunders , Roger Huddle, Jo Wreford, Pete Bruno and others. According to Huddle, "it remained just an idea until August 1976", when Eric Clapton made a declaration of support for former Conservative minister Enoch Powell (known for his anti-immigration Rivers of Blood speech ) at a concert in Birmingham. Clapton told

448-413: A regimental leadership." He was also quoted as saying: "Adolf Hitler was one of the first rock stars" and "You've got to have an extreme right front come up and sweep everything off its feet and tidy everything up." Bowie caused further controversy by allegedly making a Nazi salute while riding in a convertible , although he always strongly denied this, insisting that a photographer simply caught him in

504-585: A resurgence of nationalist and racist activity in the UK, organised a new group under the name of one of RAR's best-known slogans: " Love Music Hate Racism ". They put on a concert at The Astoria in London featuring Mick Jones , Buzzcocks , and the Libertines . In 2019, White Riot , a documentary about the birth of Rock Against Racism featuring activists and performers from the time, premiered in competition at

560-479: A specific genre and may in turn become known and large enough to be seen as festivals themselves, such as was The Glade at the famous Glastonbury Festival in England. Advances in sound reinforcement systems beginning in the 1960s enabled larger and larger rock festival audiences to hear the performers' music with much better clarity and volume. The best example was the pioneering work of Bill Hanley , known as

616-432: Is black. You're rock music's biggest colonist. You're a good musician but where would you be without the blues and R&B? You've got to fight the racist poison, otherwise you degenerate into the sewer with the rats and all the money men who ripped off rock culture with their chequebooks and plastic crap. Rock was and still can be a real progressive culture, not a package mail-order stick-on nightmare of mediocre garbage. Keep

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672-518: The Hells Angels and Grim Reapers Motorcycle Club . Gravy in particular called his security group the "Please Force," a reference to their non-intrusive tactics at keeping order, e.g., "Please don't do that, please do this instead". When asked by the press — who were the first to inform him that he and the rest of his commune were handling security — what kind of tools he intended to use to maintain order at Woodstock in 1969, his response

728-519: The "father of festival sound", who provided the sound systems for numerous rock festivals including Woodstock. Other examples included the Wall of Sound invented in the 1970s to allow the Grateful Dead to play to larger audiences. Camping and crowd control Many festivals offer camping, either because lodging in the area is insufficient to support the crowd, or to allow easy multi-day access to

784-1086: The Beat in Birmingham, and Misty In Roots and the Ruts in Southall, London. Tom Robinson , who was an early supporter of the movement, played several gigs with his band, TRB , and came occasionally to meetings of the RAR Central Collective. The Collective – which included writers, graphic artists, photographers, musicians and fans – oversaw RAR's national events and comprised elected representatives: from Temporary Hoarding (Ruth Gregory, David Widgery and Syd Shelton ); from RAR central office (Kate Webb, John Dennis and Wayne Minter), as well as Red Saunders and Clarence Baker from Misty in Roots. Other members who regularly participated in meetings included Lucy Whitman (who wrote for Temporary Hoarding as Lucy Toothpaste), Roger Huddle and Robert Galvin. With support for

840-689: The Clash , Steel Pulse , Tom Robinson Band , X-Ray Spex , Jimmy Pursey (from Sham 69 ), and Patrik Fitzgerald . The Southall -based reggae band Misty In Roots led the parade from the back of a lorry. For the second Carnival, on 24 September, a similar number of people marched from Hyde Park, crossing the Thames until they arrived at Brockwell Park in Brixton for a concert featuring Aswad , Elvis Costello and Stiff Little Fingers . Further Carnivals were organised by local RAR and ANL groups, often with

896-601: The Kooks , Kaiser Chiefs , the Cribs , Speak and many other were also confirmed, the day of their performance is available at the Sziget website . The length of the festival was reduced so that the residents living in the neighborhoods nearby would have less trouble because of the noise. The organizers plan to take further steps to reduce noise: the metal stage will be open until 11 pm only and noise filtering walls will be built near

952-551: The National Institute for Health Promotion (OEI). The survey revealed amongst others that the last sexual encounter of 9.4% of its participants was unprotected. Sziget Festival is notable in that it contains acts from many different genres. 2006 saw, among others, a blues stage, a jazz tent, a world music stage, alongside the main stage with more typical popular rock acts. The festival is popular with west Europeans . Around 50% of visitors come from outside Hungary, with

1008-473: The Night Tripper, Blood, Sweat & Tears and Steppenwolf A recent innovation is the traveling rock festival where many musical acts perform at multiple locations during a tour. Successful festivals are often held in subsequent years. The following is an incomplete list. The following is a list of festivals that predominantly feature rock genres that take place on a regular basis. Most are held at

1064-703: The Southall Youth Movement against the National Front, who were standing candidates in the upcoming general election, was attacked by the police. This resulted in the death of schoolteacher Blair Peach , and dozens of injuries including the head wounds suffered by Clarence Baker from Misty in Roots , which left him in a coma for several months. RAR quickly organised two benefit concerts at The Rainbow Theatre in North London, called "Southall Kids Are Innocent". The Clash , Pete Townshend of

1120-1660: The Stone Age , Deadmau5 Wednesday, August 13: Jake Bugg , Imagine Dragons , Placebo , Skrillex Thursday, August 14: Mary PopKids , Bastille , Lily Allen , Macklemore & Ryan Lewis Friday, August 15: Die Fantastischen Vier , CeeLo Green , Manic Street Preachers , Korn Saturday, August 16: Bombay Bicycle Club , Punnany Massif , Madness , The Prodigy Sunday, August 17: Triggerfinger , The Kooks , Outkast , Calvin Harris Tuesday, August 12: Brody Dalle , A Day to Remember , Casper , Jimmy Eat World , The Bloody Beetroots , Deniz Koyu , Thomas Gold (DJ) , Sikztah Wednesday, August 13: Girls in Hawaii , The Big Pink , Tom Odell , Miles Kane , Clean Bandit , R3hab , Madeon , Andro Thursday, August 14: Michael Kiwanuka , Fink , Irie Maffia , Bonobo , Stromae , Kavinsky (Outrun Live) , Axwell , Muzzaik Friday, August 15: Palma Violets , Band of Skulls , Angel Haze , Kelis , Klaxons , Sandro Silva , Laidback Luke , Dave Martin Saturday, August 16: Starlight Girls , The BossHoss , Jagwar Ma , Wild Beasts , Crystal Fighters , Quentin Mosimann , Fedde le Grand , Julia Carpenter Sunday, August 17: INVSN , Mount Kimbie , NOFX , La Roux , Darkside , DJAIKOVSKI ft. TK Wonder & MC Wasp , Ian Autorun , Borgore , Black Sun Empire , Jade Dr. Tamas Derce,

1176-755: The Sun , Goose (Belgian band) and Zombie Nation . Söhne Mannheims , Verdena , Go Back to the Zoo and Triggerfinger . De Jeugd Van Tegenwoordig , Baskerville, DeWolff, Kees van Hondt , Selah Sue , Marina and the Diamonds , Bloody Beetroots , Death Crew 77 and Hurts . Deftones , Lostprophets , Within Temptation , Sonata Arctica , Judas Priest and Motörhead . Monday, August 11: Ivan & The Parazol , Leningrad , The 1975 , Tankcsapda , Blink-182 Tuesday, August 12: Anti-Flag , Ska-P , Queens of

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1232-731: The UK. Across the globe, several RAR groups started in the United States, in New York, San Francisco and Chicago, and also in Ireland, France, Belgium, Sweden, the Netherlands, Germany, Norway, Denmark, South Africa and Australia. Musicians not only played for RAR, many took part in organising gigs and clubs. In Leeds, Gang of Four , the Mekons and Delta 5 were all actively involved in their local RAR group, as were Au Pairs and

1288-689: The Who , the Enchanters , the Pop Group , Misty in Roots , Aswad , the Members and the Ruts all performed. Starting in 1979, German anti-fascists used the banner Rock gegen Rechts as the motto of concerts and festivals held irregularly against far-right politics as a form of political demonstration in Germany and Austria. In 1988, the militant anti-fascist organisation Anti-Fascist Action formed

1344-697: The channel for not providing enough coverage of Black musicians. Bowie described his videos for "China Girl" and "Let's Dance" as "simple" statements against racism, and his album Tin Machine as taking a more direct stance against fascism and neo-Nazism . The first RAR gig took place at the Princess Alice pub in Forest Gate in London's East End in November 1976; Carol Grimes and Matumbi were

1400-439: The country. RAR brought together black and white fans in their common love of music, to discourage young people from embracing racism . The musicians came from all pop music genres, something reflected in one of RAR's slogans: " Reggae , soul , rock'n'roll , jazz , funk and punk ". The movement was in part founded as a response to statements by rock musicians such as Eric Clapton and David Bowie . Originally conceived as

1456-584: The crowd that England had "become overcrowded" and that they should vote for Powell to stop Britain from becoming "a black colony". He also told the audience that Britain should "get the foreigners out, get the wogs out, get the coons out", and then he repeatedly shouted the National Front slogan "Keep Britain White". Saunders, Wreford and Bruno, who were members of the agit-prop theatre group, Kartoon Klowns, together with Huddle, responded by writing

1512-488: The faith, black and white unite and fight. We want to organise a rank-and-file movement against the racist poison in rock music – we urge support – all those interested please write to: ROCK AGAINST RACISM, Box M, 8 Cotton Gardens, London E2 8DN P. S. "Who shot the Sheriff", Eric? It sure as hell wasn't you! At the end of the letter, they called for people to help form a movement called Rock Against Racism, and they received hundreds of eager replies from fans who recognised

1568-407: The festival's features. Festival planning and logistics are frequently a focus of the media, some festivals such as the heavily commercialized Woodstock 1999 were crowd control disasters, with insufficient water and other resources provided to audiences. Many early rock festivals successfully relied on volunteers for crowd control , for example individuals like Wavy Gravy and biker groups such as

1624-566: The foundation of pre-existing jazz and blues festivals, but quickly evolved to reflect the rapidly changing musical tastes of the time. For example, the United Kingdom's National Jazz Festival was launched in Richmond from 26 to 27 August 1961. The first three of these annual outdoor festivals featured only jazz music, but by the fourth "Jazz & Blues Festival" in 1964, a shift had begun that incorporated some blues and pop artists into

1680-883: The help of sympathetic councils and trade unions. The biggest of these, in August, attracted 40,000 to the Northern Carnival in Manchester . There, over a couple of days, Buzzcocks , Steel Pulse , the Fall , Graham Parker and the Rumour , Exodus, and China Street all performed; a week later at the Deeply Vale Festival , a Rock Against Racism day was held. There were also large Carnivals that year in Edinburgh, Cardiff and Brent. In 1981, Leeds RAR organized

1736-507: The hypocrisy and wanted to proclaim the black roots of the music they loved. Around this time, David Bowie also made inflammatory statements, expressing support for fascism and admiration for Adolf Hitler in interviews with Playboy , NME and a Swedish publication. Bowie was quoted as saying: "I think Britain could benefit from a fascist leader. After all, fascism is really nationalism ... I believe very strongly in fascism, people have always responded with greater efficiency under

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1792-677: The largest group coming from the Netherlands . Many also come from Belgium , the UK , Germany , Italy , France , Ireland and Romania . Being located on an island, some festival goers have tried to enter by swimming across the Danube or by paddling across in inflatable rafts. The organisers very much discourage these attempts as it is dangerous due to the tricky nature of the fast-flowing Danube river. In 2008, Sziget Festival lasted from 11 to 18 August. The festival, instead of 7+1 days as in 2007,

1848-785: The last RAR Carnival at Potternewton Park in Chapeltown. Bands who played included the Specials , Aswad, Au Pairs and Misty in Roots. In the run-up to the UK general election of 1979 , RAR organised the Militant Entertainment Tour which traveled 2000 miles across the country visiting Cambridge , Leicester , Cromer , Coventry , Sheffield , Leeds , Middlesbrough , Lancaster , Edinburgh , Stirling , Aberdeen , Bradford , Liverpool , Manchester , Birmingham , Nottingham , Cardiff , Llanelli , Exeter , Plymouth , Newport , and Bristol . The tour's grand finale

1904-488: The lineup. In 1965, for the first time the event included more blues, pop and rock acts than jazz, and by 1966, when the event moved to the town of Windsor, the rock and pop acts clearly dominated the jazz artists. A similar, though more rapid, evolution occurred with Jazz Bilzen , a solely jazz festival that was inaugurated in 1965 in the Belgian city of Bilzen. The 1966 festival still featured mostly jazz acts. However, by

1960-656: The main acts. At the end of the gig the bands took part in a jam, something which was to become a signature of RAR's gigs at a time when it was still rare for black and white musicians to perform together. In the same year RAR launched its revolutionary fanzine , Temporary Hoarding , going on to produce 15 issues over the next five years. By 1977 local RAR groups were springing up all over the country, including in Leeds, Birmingham, Manchester, Hull, Newcastle, Edinburgh, Glasgow, Belfast, Sheffield, Cardiff, Swansea, Bristol, and across London. Eventually there were more than 200 throughout

2016-495: The main stage will shut down at 11 pm and no music on that stage will be played after that. For this reason the Iron Maiden concert was taken from its original starting time of 9:30 pm to 9:00 pm. In addition to music, the festival offers a plethora of other activities including cinema , dance , theatre , tattooing , Internet access, volleyball , tennis , football , indoor rowing , rock climbing , bungee jumping and

2072-441: The mayor of Újpest , the 4th district of Budapest , has sued Sziget Festival, claiming that the event is so loud the locals cannot sleep at night. The mayor wants to force the organisers by court decision to cease every program between 6 pm and 10 am - which virtually means closing down the festival. The mayor already lost a similar case against Sziget at court in 2002. The organizers of the 2008 festival promised local officials that

2128-592: The middle of waving. He later expressed regret and shame for these statements, blaming them on a combination of an obsession with occultism and Friedrich Nietzsche , as well as his excessive drug use at the time. He said: "I have made my two or three glib, theatrical observations on English society and the only thing I can now counter with is to state that I am NOT a fascist." By the 1980s, Bowie's public statements and imagery in his art had shifted towards anti-racism and anti-fascism . In an interview with MTV anchor Mark Goodman in 1983, Bowie aggressively criticised

2184-404: The money often gathered through fundraising and angel investors . Stages and sound systems While rock concerts typically feature a small lineup of rock bands playing a single stage, rock festivals often grow large enough to require several stages or venues with live bands playing concurrently. As rock music has increasingly been fused with other genres, sometimes stages will be devoted to

2240-649: The movement growing, in 1978 RAR organised two national Carnivals in London in conjunction with the Anti-Nazi League (ANL) to counteract the rising number of racist attacks in the UK. These were held in poor but vibrant multi-racial areas. On 30 April 1978, 100,000 people marched six miles from Trafalgar Square to the East End of London (a National Front hotspot), via Cable Street for an open-air concert at Victoria Park in Hackney . The concert featured

2296-2256: The noisiest stages. Sziget 2009 was 10–17 August 2009. The festival had a 5+2 day schedule again. The "zeroeth day" had a Rock Against Racism concert, featuring mostly Hungarian bands. The "minus first day" had one major gig again, this time the 20th anniversary concert of Hungarian rock band Tankcsapda . The Lineup: Main Stage IAMX , Nouvelle Vague , Ska-P , Snow Patrol , Lily Allen , Miss Platnum , The Ting Tings , Die Toten Hosen, Bloc Party , Fatboy Slim , Haydamaky, Jet , Primal Scream , Pendulum , The Prodigy , The Subways , Editors , Klaxons , Manic Street Preachers , Placebo , Disco Ensemble , Danko Jones , Maxïmo Park , The Offspring , Faith No More World Music Main Stage So Kalmery, Napra, Oi Va Voi, Calexico , 08001, Orquesta Buena Vista Social Club , Figli Di Madre Ignota, Zamballarana, Amadou & Mariam Speed Caravan, Woven Hand & Muzsikás, N&SK, Khaled , Vieux Farka Touré, Tiken Jah Fakoly , Brotherhood of Brass: Boban Marković Orkestar + Frank London's Klezmer Brass Allstars A38-WAN2 Stage: Blasted Mechanism, De Staat, La Troba Kung-Fú, Matatu, Miloopa, Muchachito Bombo Infierno, Squarepusher, Tricky, White Lies , Babylon Circus Rock Stage: Backyard Babies, Brujeria , Deathstars , Donots, Expatriate, Life of Agony , Satyricon , Turbonegro, Turisas Party Arena: Armin van Buuren , Birdy Nam Nam, Coldcut, Dillinja , Eric Prydz , Grooverider, Jose Padilla, Paul Oakenfold , Pete Tong , 808 State Prince , Thirty Seconds to Mars , The Prodigy , Pulp , Chemical Brothers , White Lies , Kasabian , Kaiser Chiefs , Manic Street Preachers , Dizzee Rascal , Interpol , Flogging Molly , Kate Nash , British Sea Power , Skunk Anansie , Gogol Bordello , La Roux , Rise Against , The National , Hadouken! , Good Charlotte , Batucada Sound Machine . AfroCubism , Rotfront , Ojos de Brujo , Gotan Project , Eliades Ochoa , Hurlements d’Leo , Debout Sur Le Zinc , Goran Bregovic Wedding & Funeral Band and Shtetl Super Stars . Crystal Castles , 2 Many DJ's , Empire of

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2352-535: The organisers co-created Balaton Sound , an electronic music festival held on the southern bank of Lake Balaton that quickly gained popularity. Following the end of the Communist era in 1989, the formerly lively summer festival scene in Budapest faced a crisis due to a sudden loss of governmental funding. A group of artists and rock enthusiasts proposed the Sziget event as a way to bridge this gap. The festival

2408-574: The same location on an annual basis. Some, like Farm Aid are held at different venues with each incarnation. Rock Against Racism Rock Against Racism ( RAR ) was a political and cultural movement which emerged in 1976 in reaction to a rise in racist attacks on the streets of the United Kingdom and increasing support for the far-right National Front at the ballot box. Between 1976 and 1982, RAR activists organised national carnivals and tours, as well as local gigs and clubs throughout

2464-674: The same organization. Production and financing Several of the early rock festival organizers of the 1960s such as Chet Helms , Tom Rounds , Alex Cooley and Michael Lang helped create the blueprint for large-scale rock festivals in the United States, as well promoters such as Wally Hope in the United Kingdom. In various countries, the organizers of rock festivals have faced legal action from authorities, in part because such festivals have attracted large counterculture elements. In 1972, Mar Y Sol Pop Festival in Manatí, Puerto Rico attracted an estimated 30–35,000 people, and an arrest warrant

2520-751: The summer of 1967: the KFRC Fantasy Fair & Magic Mountain Music Festival on Mount Tamalpais (10–11 June) and the Monterey International Pop Festival (16–17 June). The concept caught fire and spread quickly as rock festivals took on a unique identity and attracted significant media attention around the world. By 1969, promoters were staging dozens of them. According to Bill Mankin, in their dawning age rock festivals were important socio-cultural milestones: "… it would not be an exaggeration to say that, over

2576-533: The then-common term ' pop music ', for the first few years, particularly in the US, many rock festivals were called 'pop festivals'. This also served to distinguish them among the ticket-buying public from other, pre-existing types of music festivals such as jazz and folk festivals. By the end of 1972, the term 'pop festival' had virtually disappeared as festival promoters adopted more creative, unique and location-specific names to identify and advertise their events. While it

2632-475: The time of the third festival from 25 to 27 August 1967, rock and pop acts had edged out most of the jazz bands and become the main attraction. In the United States, rock festivals seemed to spring up with a more self-defined musical identity. Preceded by several precursor events in the San Francisco area, the first two rock festivals in the US were staged in northern California on consecutive weekends in

2688-465: Was "Cream pies and seltzer bottles ." Other rock festivals hire private security or local police departments for crowd control, with varying degrees of success. Saturday, 21 June - Eric Anderson, Al Kooper, The Band, Bonzo Dog Band, Johnny Winter, Velvet Underground and Sly & the Family Stone. Sunday, 22 June - Ronnie Hawkins, Chuck Berry, Kensington Market, Tiny Tim, Nucleus, Dr. John &

2744-455: Was 5+2 days long, with a "zeroeth day" that featured one major gig ( Iron Maiden ) and a special "minus first day" called "Day of Hungarian Songs" that headlined a number of popular Hungarian rock bands (including LGT and Beatrice ). As well as Iron Maiden, R.E.M. , Mass Hysteria , Babyshambles , Sex Pistols , Jamiroquai , Anti-Flag , Flogging Molly , Alanis Morissette , the Killers ,

2800-579: Was at the Alexandra Palace in North London. Forty bands played on the tour, including: Barry Forde Band, Leyton Buzzards , the Piranhas , Stiff Little Fingers , 15, 6, 17, the Mekons , Carol Grimes , the Band , Alex Harvey , Gang of Four , Angelic Upstarts , Aswad , the Ruts , Crisis , UK Subs , Exodus and John Cooper Clarke . In 1978 a sister organisation, Rock Against Sexism (RAS)

2856-453: Was founded by a group of women concerned about sexism in the music communities. Lucy Toothpaste from RAR became a lead organiser, and the south east London RAR group became an RAS collective. There was significant overlap between the two groups, with the larger, more established RAR sometimes providing security and other assistance at RAS events. Also in April 1979, a demonstration organised by

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2912-536: Was headlined by performers from the original Woodstock festival. By 1997, total attendance exceeded 250,000, and by 2001 reached 360,000. In 2018 that record was broken when 565,000 visitors attended the festival. Since the mid-2000s, Sziget Festival has been increasingly labelled as a European alternative to the Burning Man festival due to its unique features ("an electronically amplified, warped amusement park that has nothing to do with reality"). In 2011, Sziget

2968-469: Was issued for promoter Alex Cooley, who avoided arrest by leaving the island before the festival was over. British Free Festival organizers Ubi Dwyer and Sid Rawle were imprisoned for attempting to promote a 1975 Windsor Festival. The British police would later outright attack free festival attendees at the 1985 Battle of the Beanfield . Festivals may require millions of USD to be organized, with

3024-630: Was ranked one of the 5 best festivals in Europe by The Independent . The festival is a two-time winner at the European Festivals Awards in the category Best Major European Festival , in 2011 and 2014. In 2002, Sziget branched out to Transylvania when its organisers co-created a new annual festival there titled Félsziget Fesztivál ( Romanian : Festivalul Peninsula ) that soon became the largest of its kind in Romania . In 2007,

3080-457: Was started in 1993, originally called Diáksziget (Student Island). This first event was organised by music fans in their spare time and ran well over budget, taking until 1997 to repay the losses. From 1996 to 2001 it was sponsored by Pepsi and renamed Pepsi Sziget. It has been called Sziget Fesztivál ("island festival") since 2002. A comprehensive survey was done and published on the risktaking behaviour and mood of Sziget visitors (2007) by

3136-416: Was still in vogue, however, over-zealous promoters eager to capitalize on the festival concept made the most of it, with some using the term "Pop Festival" or "Rock Festival" to advertise events held on a single day or evening, often indoors, and featuring only a handful of acts. Today, rock festivals are usually open-air concerts spread out over two or more days and many of the annual events are sponsored by

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