43-589: PMK may refer to: Pattali Makkal Katchi , a political party in Tamil Nadu, India People's Movement of Kosovo , a political organization Popular Mechanics for Kids , a Canadian TV series Pairwise Master Key in the IEEE 802.11i-2004 protocol Piperonyl methyl ketone , a chemical compound PMK gas mask , a Soviet made single-filter gas mask. Palm Island Airport , IATA airport code Topics referred to by
86-533: A common minimum programme that the alliance hammered out with consultations with Jyoti Basu and Harkishan Singh Surjeet of the 59-member Left Front. Hence, government policies were generally perceived as centre-left, reflecting the centrist policies of the INC. During the tenure of Jharkhand Chief Minister Madhu Koda , the constituents of the UPA were, by mutual consent, supporting his government. On 22 July 2008,
129-513: A protest demanding 20% internal reservation for Vanniyars in the MBC category in education and jobs from 1 December. During the pro-reservation protests, more than 500 PMK cadres pelted stones on a moving train and blocked traffic when they were blocked from entering Chennai. A bill to create the 10.5% internal reservation to Vanniyars was passed on February 26, 2021, by the AIADMK government. The move
172-429: A record low of 30 days in the year. The tensions between the UPA and the opposition parties became evident at an all-party meeting convened by Lok Sabha speaker Somnath Chatterjee when the leader of opposition, L. K. Advani questioned the status, timing and schedule of the current session of parliament. M. Karunanidhi had said he felt "let down" by the "lukewarm" response of the centre and had demanded amendments in
215-464: Is PMK's parent organisation. The Vanniyar Sangham organised the 1987 Vanniyar reservation agitation demanding Most Backward Caste (MBC) status for Vanniyars. At the peak of the protests, the state was paralysed for a week when thousands of trees were felled, highways blocked and damaged and more than 1,400 houses of the Dalit community were burned down. The police shot 21 protestors. Later, in 1989,
258-643: Is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Pattali Makkal Katchi Pattali Makkal Katchi ( transl. Proletariat's Party ; abbreviated as PMK ) is a Vanniyar caste party in Tamil Nadu , India, founded by S. Ramadoss in 1989 for the Vanniyar caste in northern Tamil Nadu. It is a part of the BJP-led National Democratic Alliance (NDA). It contests
301-772: The 2004 Lok Sabha elections , the PMK joined the United Progressive Alliance led by the INC. In June 2008, during the final months of the bitter relationship between the DMK and the PMK, the ruling DMK in Tamil Nadu severed its ties with the PMK, who were outside supporters of the Karunanidhi Government. However, the DMK did not press for the party's removal from the UPA Government at the centre. On 26 March 2009, PMK declared that, it would join
344-829: The All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (AIADMK) led front and left the United Progressive Alliance (UPA) . Ramadoss and his son, Anbumani Ramdoss, were arrested by the Jayalalitha government for their inflammatory speeches, the PMK cadres indulged in violence in April 2013 causing property damages estimated worth ₹600 crores. Jayalalitha likened the party to a “ terrorist ” organization and claimed they hurled petrol bombs on moving vehicles and caused damages to 850 vehicles including public buses and threatened to ban
387-627: The BJP -led National Democratic Alliance . The UPA used to rule seven States and union territories of India before it was dissolved to form the Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance on 18 July 2023 ahead of the 2024 general election . UPA was formed soon after the 2004 Indian general election when no party had won a majority. The then ruling Bharatiya Janata Party -led National Democratic Alliance (NDA) won 181 seats of 544, as opposed to
430-647: The Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (DMK) government led by M. Karunanidhi granted MBC status to the Vanniyars, with the associated reservation entitlements in education and employment. Ramadoss founded the PMK on 16 July 1989, emerging from the Vanniyar reservation protests of 1987 . Ahead of the 2004 elections, PMK joined the Democratic Progressive Alliance , a broad Tamil political coalition which also included
473-722: The Indian Mujahideen under support from Pakistan based ISI , as well as 2006 Mumbai train bombings and 2006 Varanasi bombings . During the November 2008 terror attacks in Mumbai , when 10 Pakistani terrorists from the banned terror outfit Lashkar-e-Taiba came from the sea route and seized the city from 26 to 29 November 2008, the UPA Government faced immense criticism from citizens and leaders of opposition for intelligence failures as well as not being able to provide quick transportation for NSG commandos, who neutralized 8 of
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#1732780942574516-629: The Muslim Women (Protection of Rights on Divorce) Act 1986 , several leaders from the UPA opposed the law. In addition, the UPA faced immense criticism for the formation of the WAQF Board to appease the Muslim community, which has been responsible for land grabbing and forcible acquisition of properties nationwide, while evicting the original owners who possessed legal documents of ownership. The UPA, in its opposition, faced immense criticism by
559-586: The government in Maharashtra with Uddhav Thackeray of Shiv Sena leading the ministry . Shiv Sena had been a member of NDA for twenty five years. It left NDA and joined MVA in 2019. Since 2020, more parties joined the alliance. The alliance lost the Bihar election that everyone expected it to win but in 2022, ruling party JD(U) left National Democratic Alliance and rejoined Mahagathbandhan to form government in Bihar . In addition UPA only won 1 out of
602-819: The 10 terrorists at the Taj Mahal Palace Hotel , the Oberoi Trident hotel, and the Chabad House . Furthermore, Congress leader Digvijaya Singh , faced denunciation for launching a book which mentioned that the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh was somehow linked to the attack, despite credible evidence and confessions from Ajmal Kasab , the only gunman who was captured by Mumbai Police . The 2008 attacks in Mumbai subsequently led to resignation of several leaders like Vilasrao Deshmukh , R. R. Patil and Shivraj Patil , on
645-667: The 5 state elections in 2021. However the alliance made significant gain in a number of MLA races. MVA lost control of Maharashtra due to crisis and split in Shiv Sena . Moreover, UPA lost in Gujarat assembly elections however, it won the state election in Himachal Pradesh . In 2023, UPA again failed in winning elections in the North-East but won the assembly in the very important state of Karnataka . The alliance
688-534: The DMK, Indian National Congress (INC), Communist Party of India , Communist Party of India (Marxist) and Indian Union Muslim League . The party was able to obtain a significant share of power both in the regional government in Tamil Nadu and the Central Government due to the number of seats it obtained which helped the United Progressive Alliance ( UPA-I ) to form the Government. Following
731-557: The NDA Government for banking frauds, mostly by giving unsecured loans to fugitive businessmen Vijay Mallya , Nirav Modi and Mehul Choksi during the tenure of then Prime Minister Manmohan Singh . Mallya owes money to a consortium of 17 banks, from whom he took loan to fund his now closed Kingfisher Airlines , and Modi owes money to the Punjab National Bank . While Mallya and Modi have been apprehended in
774-511: The NDA, the Congress government of P. V. Narasimha Rao , and earlier governments of V. P. Singh and Chandra Shekhar . An informal alliance had existed prior to the elections as several of the constituent parties had developed seat-sharing agreements in many states. After the election the results of negotiations between parties were announced. The UPA government's policies were initially guided by
817-734: The Tamils". Karunanidhi said Parliament should adopt the resolution incorporating these two amendments. The years 2006 to 2008 were a darkest part of the UPA, due to the failure to prevent several terrorist attacks nationwide. The UPA had repealed the Prevention of Terrorism Act, 2002 in 2004, which softened the stand on acts of terrorism and reduced powers for the law enforcement while dealing with acts of terrorism. The weakened legislation, along with intelligence failures and compromised law enforcement, resulted in bombings in 2008 across cities like Jaipur , Bangalore , Ahmedabad and Delhi , led by
860-612: The UPA survived a vote of confidence in the parliament brought on by the Left Front withdrawing their support in protest at the India–United States Civil Nuclear Agreement . The Congress party and its leaders along with then Samajwadi Party leader Amar Singh were accused of a "cash for vote" scam as part of the cash-for-votes scandal , in which they were accused of buying votes in Lok Sabha to save
903-525: The UPA won only 91 seats in the general election and INC won 52 seats, thus failed to secure 10% seats required for the leader of opposition post. The alliance lost another state to BJP with the party winning by-polls and pushing the UPA into the minority. Towards the end of 2019, the alliance made huge gains in Haryana , won in Jharkhand and formed a state-level alliance called Maha Vikas Aghadi to form
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#1732780942574946-604: The UPA's tally of 218 seats. The Left Front with 59 MPs (excluding the speaker of the Lok Sabha ), the Samajwadi Party with 39 MPs and the Bahujan Samaj Party with 19 MPs were other significant blocks that supported UPA at various times. UPA did not achieve a majority, rather it relied on external support, similar to the formula adopted by the previous minority governments of the United Front ,
989-602: The above-mentioned scams, the UPA has been under intense fire for the alleged doles handed out to the son-in-law of the Gandhi family, Robert Vadra , by UPA-run state governments. The UPA was also rebuked for shielding and not prosecuting RJD leader and Railway Minister during UPA 1 Lalu Prasad Yadav , for his involvement in several corruption cases, including the fodder scam case as well as creating Jungle Raj in Bihar between 1990 and 2005, which affected economic and social standing of
1032-497: The alliance, making a sexist comment that "if the bill is passed it will fill Parliament with the kind of women who invite catcalls and whistles". During its tenure between 2004 and 2014, as well as before, the UPA faced widespread condemnation for indulging in appeasement politics for vote-bank of the Muslim community across India. Following the introduction of Muslim Women (Protection of Rights on Marriage) Act, 2019 , which criminalized triple talaq or instant divorce and replaced
1075-569: The approval rating for the government fell. In addition, many members left for YSRCP . This started a domino effect with members leaving to form their own parties and parties such as DMK leaving the alliance altogether. During this time UPA struggled with state election and leadership stability. The alliance suffered a defeat in 2014 Indian general election as it won only 60 seats. In addition, UPA won only one state election and got wiped out from Andhra Pradesh where they previously had 150+ MLAs. From 2014 to 2017, UPA won only 3 state elections. This
1118-536: The blasts. The ineptness towards national security and the insensitive statements made by Congress leadership following the terror attack was one factor that led to the UPA suffering a major loss in the 2014 General elections. The UPA was criticised for its alleged involvement scams such as the Commonwealth Games Scam of 2010, the 2G spectrum case , and the Indian coal allocation scam . Apart from
1161-513: The elections with the "Ripe Mango" symbol. The PMK is noted for its involvement in riots and vandalism. A former Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu, Jayalalitha , likened the party to a terrorist organisation and threatened to ban it for its frequent involvement in violence and vandalism of public property. S. Ramadoss founded the Vanniyar Sangam in 1980, bringing together a coalition of Vanniyar caste organisations. The Vanniyar Sangam
1204-414: The government. During UPA I , the economy saw steady economic growth and many people (100 million+) escaped poverty. In the 2009 Lok Sabha election , the UPA won 262 seats, of which the INC accounted for 206. During UPA II , the alliance won election in Maharashtra, Haryana and Arunachal Pradesh. However, there were several allegations of scams during its tenure that impacted UPA's image nationwide and
1247-563: The grounds of moral responsibility as well as for making insensitive statements in the aftermath. The UPA subsequently faced widespread reprobation for being soft against Pakistan following the attack by avoiding military action against terrorist hideouts, as well as in the aftermath of Pakistan Army beheading soldiers of the Indian Army in 2013. Following the 2011 Mumbai bombings , which claimed 26 lives and injured 130+, UPA leader and INC General Secretary Rahul Gandhi remarked that it
1290-479: The incident, while the Government passed an amendment of the laws against rape and sexual assault, which ensured stricter punishments for rape convicts, the amendment was criticized and labeled as an eyewash, as the changes in the laws failed to serve as a deterrent to rising incidents of rape. Furthermore, several key suggestions were ignored, including the criminalisation of marital rape and trying military personnel accused of sexual offences under criminal law, which
1333-493: The matter. PMK left the AIADMK-led alliance for the 2021 local body polls. The PMK defied Tamil Nadu's Dravidian political culture by explicitly appealing to its caste identification when asking for support. The party has been linked to direct action and protests that have resulted in violence. Between 2012 and 2013, the party ran a campaign against intercaste marriages. The leaders of Pattali Makkal Katchi, who are also
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1376-654: The national executives of the party, are listed below: United Progressive Alliance The United Progressive Alliance ( UPA ; IAST : Saṁyukt Pragatiśīl Gaṭhabandhan) was a political alliance in India led by the Indian National Congress . It was formed after the 2004 general election with support from left-leaning political parties when no single party got the majority. The UPA subsequently governed India from 2004 until 2014 for two terms before losing power to their main rivals,
1419-556: The offices of President and Vice President are apolitical. Electoral mandates Time in office Mohammad Hamid Ansari (2007–12) The winter session of parliament in October 2008 came under intense criticism from the Left parties and the BJP to demand a full-fledged winter session instead of what was seen as the UPA to having "scuttled the voice of Parliament" by bringing down the sittings to
1462-533: The party failed to win any seats. The Madras Institute of Developmental Studies (MIDS) and an reported that the PMK and the Hindu Munnani was involved in the 2019 Ponparappi violence where Dalit women were sexually abused and Dalit houses were attacked and damaged. An NGO Evidence also blamed PMK in the violence because the Dalit colony voted overwhelmingly for VCK. In November 2020, Ramadoss called for
1505-523: The party. Ramadoss and his son were released after 12 days in prison. PMK contested in the 2014 Lok Sabha election in an alliance with BJP -led NDA and its candidate Anbumani Ramadoss won the Dharmapuri Lok Sabha constituency , he was one of two non-AIADMK MPs from Tamil Nadu the other being from its ally BJP. PMK continued its alliance with AIADMK and BJP in the 2019 Indian general election in Tamil Nadu and contested 7 seats but
1548-674: The resolution on Sri Lanka. One of the amendments was to "declare that genocide and war crimes had been committed and inflicted on the Sri Lankan Tamils by the Sri Lanka Army and the administrators". The second one was "establishment of a credible and independent international commission of investigation in a time-bound manner into the allegations of war crimes, crimes against humanity , violations of international International human rights law , violations of international humanitarian law and crime of genocide against
1591-403: The same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title PMK . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=PMK&oldid=1154178731 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description
1634-415: The state. The UPA Government has been severely condemned for mishandling the aftermath of the 2012 Delhi gang rape case. As per several media houses, the Government had failed to act positively or give credible assurances to the protesters and instead used police force and lathi-charging against protesters, while pushing the media out of the scene, and shutting down metro rail stations. In the aftermath of
1677-492: Was blamed on the alliance's failed leadership and weakness compared to the NDA. In addition the party lost power in states where they had once won state elections as in Bihar. In 2017 the alliance lost again. In 2018 UPA had a phenomenal comeback in the state elections as the party won important in Karnataka , Rajasthan and others. More parties joined the alliance and it was stronger than ever. In 2019 Indian general election
1720-578: Was impossible to stop every terror attack, adding that "We work towards defeating it, but it is very difficult to stop all the attacks. Even the United States, they are being attacked in Afghanistan.". His comments were slammed from some quarters of the Indian political spectrum, who criticised him for equating the Mumbai attacks with those in Afghanistan and called it an insult to those killed in
1763-412: Was rebranded as the Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance on 18 July 2023, with many parties joining the newly-formed alliance. The alliance will contest the 2024 Indian general election , being the primary opposition to the ruling National Democratic Alliance . Current Members at the time of dissolution. Members left before dissolution. Note that it refers to nomination by alliance, as
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1806-514: Was severely condemned by several women's safety activists. The UPA was also slammed for inaction against political leaders such as Digvijaya Singh and Mulayam Singh Yadav for their comments which promoted misogyny and anti-women views, as well as insensitivity towards rape victims; Yadav previously faced denunciation for opposing the Women's Reservation Bill in March 2010 and warning to withdraw from
1849-503: Was taken ahead of the April 6 assembly elections to appease the PMK, which had threatened to quit the coalition if their demand was not satisfied. In July 2021, the DMK government issued an order to implement 10.5% quota Bill for Vanniyars. PMK contested in 23 seats in the AIADMK alliance in the 2021 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election and won five seats by securing 4.04%. In the assembly, PMK voted in favour of anti-CAA and anti-farm-law resolutions, but AIADMK and BJP walked out over
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