Science and technology have been pivotal in Pakistan's development since its inception. The country boasts a large pool of scientists, engineers, doctors, and technicians actively contributing to these fields.
69-514: The Pakistan Institute of Nuclear Science & Technology ( PINSTECH ) is a federally funded research and development laboratory in Nilore , Islamabad , Pakistan . The site was designed by the American architect Edward Durell Stone and its construction was completed in 1965. It has been described as "[maybe] the most architecturally stunning physics complex in the world". In response to
138-469: A free content work. Licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0 IGO ( license statement/permission ). Text taken from UNESCO Science Report: the Race Against Time for Smarter Development , 574–603, UNESCO Publishing. Government College University, Lahore The Government College University (colloquially known as GCU ; Punjabi , Urdu : گورنمنٹ کالج یونیورسٹی ) is
207-830: A public research university in Lahore , Punjab , Pakistan . Founded as Government College, Lahore, in 1864 under British administration , it became a university in 2002. In 1864, Government College was established by the British government in India . After being elevated to university status in 2002, it has become one the ten largest educational institutions in Pakistan, with a student body of over 12,000. It has 32 academic departments, segregated into five faculties. There are five research centers, focused on academic and industrial research and development projects. The university secured
276-678: A 60-fold increase in funding for science. The real growth of science in Pakistan occurred under the leadership of Prof. Atta-ur-Rahman during 2000–2008 when he was the Federal Minister of Science & Technology and later Chairman of the Higher Education Commission (HEC). The chairperson of the Senate Standing Committee on Education hailed the first six years of HEC under Prof. Atta-ur-Rahman as "Pakistan's golden period." Dr. Abdus Salam,
345-553: A Plasma Technology Lab; and contracting research grants from funding agencies and research centers such as the International Center for Theoretical Physics (ICTP), Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission (PAEC), Kahuta Research Laboratories (KRL), Pakistan Science Foundation (PSF) and Pakistan Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (PCSIR). The Rafi Muhammad Chaudhry Chair in Experimental Physics
414-422: A large Bungalow near Anarkali Bazaar . In 1873, its location was again changed to another house called Rahim Khan 's Kothi due to rapidly increasing student strength. It moved to its present building in 1876. The first principal was Gottlieb Wilhelm Leitner , whose name is closely attached to the college. In 1882, Leitner was very instrumental in laying the foundation of Punjab University, Lahore . Thereafter,
483-406: A nuclear bomb . As Nilore became restricted site, the research efforts were directed towards working on understanding and producing first the reactor-grade plutonium and eventually to military-grade plutonium from the spent fuel rods by undergoing a chemical process, " reprocessing ". The design work had carried out on 20 different laboratories at the lab, and it was its New Labs facility of
552-534: A regional digital library. The HEC also provided free high-speed internet access to scientific literature and launched initiatives to create new universities and science parks. The Federal Ministry of Science and Technology has overseen Pakistan's science and technology sector since 1972. In 2012, the government recognized innovation as a long-term economic growth strategy by formulating the National Science, Technology, and Innovation Policy. Key focuses of
621-563: Is Nishan-e-Imtiaz (or in English Order of Excellence). While Hilal-i-Imtiaz , Pride of Performance , Sitara-i-Imtiaz , and Tamgha-e-Imtiaz occupies a unique role and importance in Pakistan's civil society. [REDACTED] This article incorporates text from a free content work. Licensed under CC-BY-SA IGO 3.0. Text taken from UNESCO Science Report: towards 2030 , UNESCO, UNESCO Publishing. [REDACTED] This article incorporates text from
690-456: Is also involved in space exploration , with a focus on military applications. Pakistan is an associate member of CERN , a prestigious international research organization. The Scientific and Technological Research Division (S&TR) was established in 1964 to coordinate and implement national science and technology policy, promote research, and facilitate the utilization of research results and scientific and technological manpower. Since 1972,
759-536: Is carried out. The university set up the chair in recognition of his services to Pakistan and to Physics. Currently, post-graduate research work in Applied Physics is carried out here. The Mahboob-ul-Haq Chair in Economics is the latest addition to honorary chairs at the university, named after Mahbub ul Haq , a Pakistani economist , politician and international development theorist who served as
SECTION 10
#1732780152637828-498: Is on enhancing Pakistan's technological skills, increasing human resources to combat brain drain, and integrating technological infrastructure to strengthen institutions, improve governance of the S&;TR, and support local innovation systems. The 1960s and 1970s marked the initial rise of Pakistan's science, which gained international recognition in various science communities. During this period, scientists contributed significantly to
897-402: Is one of nation's leading research and development Institution affiliated to the national security. It is a principle national laboratory that has the responsibility by ensuring the safety, security, and reliability of nation's nuclear weapons program by advancing applications in science and technology. The PINSTECH is located in Nilore , about 15 mi (24 km) southeast of Islamabad, and
966-629: Is one of the largest mathematical research institutes in Pakistan. The school was established in 2003 by Government of Punjab under the aegis of Government College University. In 2011, it was labeled as the first "Emerging Regional Center of Excellence" by the European Mathematical Society (EMS) for the period 2011 to 2015. It has taken steps to provide encouragement to Pakistani students in schools and colleges. These include: The Abdus Salam Chair in Physics , named after
1035-587: Is spread over 56 acres along the Anarkali Bazaar , one of the oldest surviving markets in Lahore. On 24 August 2019, the Kala Shah Kaku campus of the university was inaugurated which is known as GCU KSK campus. The campus is spread over 370 acres, able to house 25,000 students, 1,250 teachers and 650 staff members. 22 hostels are available for accommodation. On 24 September 2020, the new campus
1104-594: The Ministry of Science and Technology (MoST) has been the national focal point for the Government of Pakistan, planning and coordinating scientific and technological programs aligned with the national agenda. Its goal is to build a strong and sustainable research base for socio-economic development. The Ministry promotes technological advancements in industrial development, renewable energy, and rural development to boost growth and improve living standards. Its main focus
1173-778: The Nobel Prize Committee awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics to Abdus Salam for formulating the electroweak theory, which unifies the weak nuclear force and electromagnetic force . In 1990, the Space and Upper Atmosphere Research Commission (SUPARCO) launched Pakistan's first locally designed communication satellite, Badr-1 , from the Xichang Satellite Launch Center (XLSC) in the People's Republic of China. With this launch, Pakistan became
1242-531: The Pakistan Academy of Sciences and various specialized institutes. The Pakistan Academy of Sciences, established in 1953 and relocated to Islamabad in 1964, focuses primarily on the natural sciences, especially physics. From 1947 to 1971, research was conducted independently, with little government influence. The High Tension Laboratories (HTL) at Government College University, Lahore , were founded by R. M. Chaudhry with British government funding in
1311-790: The United Nations General Assembly and the International Court of Justice Muhammad Zafarullah Khan , scholar and novelist couple Bano Qudsia and Ashfaq Ahmed . Among its graduates are also four prime ministers and one caretaker prime minister of Pakistan. Originally, the establishment of a central college in Lahore was sanctioned in 1856 by the British Raj , given that the teachers were from University of Oxford , University of Cambridge , Dublin University HC or Durham University . Under
1380-621: The Zircaloys , which it was also produced at the lab first; and later having it transfer the technology to the Kundian Nuclear Fuel Complex in 1980. As of today, PINSTECH has been shifted to peacetime research in medicine, biology, materials and physics. Its Molybdenum-42 facility was used to medical radioisotopes for treating cancer. Scientists from Nuclear Institute for Agriculture and Biology (NIAB) and Nuclear Institute for Food and Agriculture (NIFA) had been using
1449-554: The developing countries would come as a right to interact with their peers from industrially advanced countries without permanently leaving their own countries. Construction of the Pinstech began when Salam who was able to find funding from the United States in 1961. Eventually, Salam and I. H. Usmani approached Glenn T. Seaborg for the further funding of the laboratory from the United States government, which stipulated
SECTION 20
#17327801526371518-677: The 13th Finance Minister of Pakistan . While serving as the Special Advisor to the United Nations Development Program (UNDP), he led the establishment of the Human Development Report (HDI) and the widely respected Human Development Index (HDI). The Economist called him "one of the visionaries of international development." The university established the chair to recognize his services to Pakistan, its people, and above all to
1587-584: The 1950s. In 1967, Professor Abdus Salam established the Institute of Theoretical Physics at Quaid-e-Azam University, along with the Pakistan Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology and the Centre for Nuclear Studies , with support from European countries. However, after Zulfikar Ali Bhutto became president in 1972, he centralized scientific research under his socialist reforms and established
1656-483: The American national laboratories such as Oak Ridge , Argonne , Livermore , and Sandia . The scientific library of the institute consisted of a large section containing historical references and literatures on the Manhattan Project , brought by Abdus Salam in 1971 prior to start of the nuclear weapons program under Zulfikar Ali Bhutto's administration. The Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission (PAEC) hired
1725-701: The CIA, to infiltrate Pakistan’s research facilities. In 2002, the University Grants Commission was replaced by the Higher Education Commission (HEC), tasked with reforming higher education by improving financial incentives, increasing university enrollment and PhD graduates, enhancing foreign scholarships and research collaborations, and providing state-of-the-art ICT facilities. The HEC also upgraded scientific laboratories, rehabilitated educational facilities, and developed
1794-706: The Chagai Hills on May 28, 1998, under the codename Chagai-I , led by Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif. PAEC conducted another test in the Kharan Desert, known as Chagai-II , resulting in six tests within a week. With these tests, Pakistan became the seventh nuclear power in the world and the only Muslim-majority country to have mastered nuclear technology. On August 13, 2011, SUPARCO launched its first indigenously developed geosynchronous satellite, Paksat-1R , also from XLSC in China. In 2006, Prof. Atta-ur-Rahman
1863-970: The Isotope Production Division (IPD).This is currently overseen by Dr. Gulzar Hussain Zahid, Chief Engineer. The Directorate of Coordination, headed by Engr. Iqbal Hussain Khan, is an administrative directorate which consists of 3 technical support divisions. Computation, Information, Communication Technologies (CICT)/Management Information System (MIS) Division, The Scientific Information Division (SID), Programme Coordination Division (PCD) are included in this division. Research and development in Pakistan Liaquat Ali Khan , Pakistan's first Prime Minister, initiated reforms to improve higher education and scientific research. However, significant growth in science occurred after
1932-963: The Ministry of Science, appointing Ishrat Hussain Usmani as its head. During the 1950s and 1960s, both West and East Pakistan had their own academies of science, with East Pakistan dependent on funding from the West. Medical research is managed by the Health Ministry, agricultural research by the Agriculture Ministry, and environmental sciences by the Environment Ministry. Following the 1971 Indo-Pakistan War, Bhutto increased scientific funding by over 200%, primarily for military research. With Dr. Salam’s guidance, Bhutto recruited Pakistani scientists abroad to develop
2001-629: The New Laboratories, where the weapon-grade nuclear explosives are designed and manufactured. Much of the work on plutonium is, however, is subjected to classified information. The Centralized Analysis Facility (CAF) has been utilized chemistry on plutonium and other areas of actinides sciences are studied and conducts experiments at the Central Diagnostic Laboratory (CDL); both of labs are the most potent facilities in Pakistan. Besides its national security mission,
2070-776: The PINSTECH administration had brought together all of the groups, and were merged into one single Division, known as Physics Research Division (PRD). Meanwhile, the PINSTECH had also merged Nuclear Physics Division (NPD) and Radiation Physics Division (RPD), Nuclear and Applied Chemistry Divisions as well. The below is the list of research groups working in RPD. Chemistry Research Division (CRD) The Directorate of System and Services (DSS, headed by Dr. Matiullah, consists of 5 research divisions that are listed below: The Directorate of Technology (D-TECH) consists of 3 divisions that are Materials Division (MD), Isotope Application Division (IAD), and
2139-409: The PINSTECH facilities to conduct advanced research in both medical and food sciences. Since its repurposing in 1972, the Pinstech laboratory conducts research into understanding the equation of state of plutonium, its phase diagrams , and its properties . In 1987, the Pinstech developed a technology by fabricating a Chromium kF39 and developed an innovative technique, "in-stu leaching", which allowed
Pakistan Institute of Nuclear Science & Technology - Misplaced Pages Continue
2208-558: The Pakistan Institute of Nuclear Science & Technology (Pinstech) was embodiment of the Atoms for Peace initiative in 1953 and a long-sought initiative led by Abdus Salam who was lobbying for a professional physical laboratory since 1951. Budget constraints and lack of interests by the government administration had left a deep impression on Salam who was determined to establish to create an institution to which scientists from
2277-735: The Pakistani theoretical physicist and Nobel laureate Abdus Salam is an honorary chair in physics at the university. Starting out as a semi-autonomous institute, it became operational in March 2000 with the efforts of Ishfaq Ahmad , a lifelong friend of Salam. In 2009, the International Center for Theoretical Physics (ICTP) donated Salam's original Nobel certificate to the Salam Chair in Physics. The former director of ICTP, Katepalli R. Sreenivasan , visited Lahore where he gifted
2346-515: The atomic bomb. This program was initially led by Dr. Salam and later by Dr. Munir Ahmad Khan until 1991. Zia-ul-Haq, who took power in the 1980s, enforced pseudoscience in education and promoted Dr. Abdul Qadeer Khan to export sensitive military technologies to Libya, Iran, and North Korea. Due to government control, much of Pakistan’s academic research remains classified and unknown to the international scientific community. There have been numerous failed attempts by foreign powers, including Libya and
2415-523: The college would remain affiliated with Punjab University for 115 years. In 1997, government of the Punjab gave Government College autonomy in all affairs and granted degree awarding status. In 2002, it was promoted to university status by the government of Punjab; the word college was retained in its title for preserving its historical roots. Positioned in Downtown Lahore , it is located at
2484-578: The country in its aspirations in other applications of peaceful use of nuclear technology." PINSTECH has particle accelerators and also operates two small nuclear research reactors , a reprocessing plant and another experimental neutron source based on: The PINSTECH four research directorates and each directorate is headed by an appointed Director-Generals . The following PINSTECH Divisions are listed below: Physics Research Division (RPD) The directorate of science consists of four division, and each divisions are headed by deputy director-generals. In 2004,
2553-705: The country. Other notable fields include physics, material science, metallurgy, biology, and mathematics. Pakistani scientists have achieved international acclaim in mathematics and several branches of physical science. Professor Abdus Salam , a theoretical physicist, won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1979, while Professor Atta-ur-Rahman , an organic chemist, was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in 2006. In terms of technology, Pakistan has made significant strides in nuclear physics and explosives engineering, primarily driven by security concerns. The country
2622-778: The discipline of Economics . Apart from post-graduate research in Economics, the chair is also in charge of publishing GCU Economics Journal an annual scholarly and peer-audited publication. Its intent is to act as a platform for researchers, professionals, and students to share their achievements, perspectives, and practical experiences. The university has four hostels – three for boys and one for girls. Iqbal Hostel (built in 1891) and Quaid-e-Azam Hostel (built in 1993) accommodate about 150 and 200 Intermediate students, respectively. The New Hostel (built in 1937) houses about 400 Degree students. Girls Hostel (built in 1975) accommodates about 50 girl students. A Faculty Mess has been built for visiting family members, faculty and officers of
2691-459: The equation of state on plutonium was started the physicists at the Pinstech laboratory in 1972. The Pinstech laboratory became a main research and development laboratory when it initiated its ingenious program for the production of plutonium oxide (plutonia) and uranium oxide (Urania) in 1973. The Pinstech laboratory was also a learning center for gaining expertise in nuclear fuel cycle which it provided training to other facilities after learning
2760-433: The establishment of the Higher Education Commission in 2002, which supported science initiatives and sponsored the Pakistan Academy of Sciences . Pakistan has made significant contributions in various scientific fields, with chemistry being particularly strong. The International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences is a leading institution in this area, offering one of the largest postgraduate research programs in
2829-476: The extraction of actinides from the uranium ore without the need for conventional milling. The computer scientists at the Pinstech Laboratory had built a supercomputer based on the vintage IBM computer architecture that allowed the physicists at the Pinstech to model the behavior of plutonium without the actual nuclear testing. Research work on plutonium is conducted at its special-purpose facility,
Pakistan Institute of Nuclear Science & Technology - Misplaced Pages Continue
2898-484: The field. Pure research in Quantum electrodynamics, Quantum field theory, protonic decay, and other major fields of physics was pioneered by Pakistani scientists. With the establishment of nuclear and neutron institutes, Pakistan's mathematicians introduced complex mathematical applications to study and examine the behaviors of elements during the fission process. Salimuzzaman Siddiqui, Atta-ur-Rahman and Iqbal Choudhary are
2967-435: The fields of Natural Product Chemistry, theoretical, particle, mathematical, and nuclear physics, as well as other major and subfields of Chemistry and Physics. The research was spearheaded by scientists such as Riazuddin , Ishfaq Ahmad , Salimuzzaman Siddiqui , Atta-ur-Rahman and Samar Mubarakmand . The major growth in scientific output occurred after the establishment of the Higher Education Commission , accompanied by
3036-636: The first Muslim-majority country to develop an artificial robotic satellite and the second South Asian state to launch a satellite, after India. One of the most widely reported achievements occurred in 1998 when Pakistan joined the nuclear club . In response to India's nuclear tests on May 11 and May 13, 1998, under the codename Operation Shakti at the Pokhran Test Range (PTR), the Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission (PAEC) conducted five simultaneous nuclear tests at
3105-540: The first Pakistani winner of the Nobel Prize in Physics, was the father of physics research in Pakistan. Under his watchful direction, mathematicians and physicists tackled the greatest and outstanding problems in physics and mathematics. From 1960 to 1974, Salam led the research at its peak, prompting international recognition of Pakistani mathematicians and physicists. This allowed them to conduct their research at CERN. Salam and his students revolutionized particle and theoretical physics, becoming modern pioneers in
3174-592: The fund if the Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission were to set up a research reactor of their own at sum of US$ 350,000. Contrary to United States' financial pledges, it was reported that the actual cost of building the Pinstech was neared at US$ 6.6 million ($ 63.8 million in 2023) that was funded and paid by the Pakistani taxpayers in 1965. From 1965–69, the Pinstech had an active and direct laboratory-to-laboratory interaction with
3243-511: The higher education level, it offers 28 bachelor's degrees , 28 MS / MPhil Degrees and 19 PhD degrees. These degrees are offered under the following faculties: The university has always been a research-led university, however, in recent times, it has shifted its focus towards quality output projects, which the university believes to be beneficial academically and industrially. Office of Research, Innovation and Commercialization (ORIC) has been set up to manage all research issues. The objective of
3312-554: The impact of the reforms introduced by Atta-ur-Rahman, revealing that the rate of growth of highly cited papers from Pakistan over the past decade was greater than that of Brazil, Russia, India, or China. Pakistan was ranked 91st in the Global Innovation Index in 2024. A large part of research is conducted by science research institutes with semi-controlled by the Government. The most prestigious government prize awarded for achievements in science and technology
3381-537: The junction of The Mall, Lahore and the Lower Mall, surrounded by main business and administrative areas, schools, colleges and Punjab University old Campus . The main building was designed by W. Purdon and completed in 1877 at a cost of Rs. 320,000. In the centre of the main building stands a 176' tall clock tower. Built during the colonial era, the main building reflects the neo-Gothic tradition, with broad verandahs and elevated ceilings. A large ground accompanies
3450-473: The lab promotes applications of radiation and isotope technology in various scientific and technological disciplines to support the nation. It is also working on important non-nuclear fields, which are crucial for the development of science and technology in the country. In 2020, expansion work was started at Pinstech lab to help its "ability to produce isotopes for medical use, especially for preparation of radiopharmaceuticals for cancer patients while also helping
3519-511: The lab that was able to produce the first batch of the weapon grade plutonium of Pu by 1983. This weapon-grade plutonium was the source material that was carried on a nuclear test conducted at the Ras Koh Range on 30 May 1998. The scientists at the Pinstech laboratory initiated the studies on understanding the ingenious nuclear fuel cycle in spite of having basic familiarity. In 1973, the lab conducted several studies on understanding
SECTION 50
#17327801526373588-634: The laboratory's first director Rafi Muhammad , a professor of physics at the Government College University, Lahore (GCU), who affiliated the Pinstech with the Quaid-i-Azam University in 1967, bearing some special materials testing. Soon, the scientists from Institute of Theoretical Physics of the Quaid-i-Azam University had an opportunity to seek permanent research employment in physics at
3657-433: The laboratory. After the costly war with India in 1971, the re-purposing of the Pinstech Laboratory was difficult since it was never intended to be a weapons laboratory. Initially, the plutonium pit production at Pinstech was quite difficult together with its tiny research reactor that could never be a source of weapons-grade plutonium. In spite of its short-comings, the investigations and classified studies on understanding
3726-463: The leadership of Gottlieb Wilhelm Leitner , a professor of Arabic and Islamic Law at King's College London , the college was established on 1 January 1864, located in the Palace of Raja Dhyan Singh Haveli ( Dogra prime minister of Sikh ruler Maharaja Ranjit Singh of Lahore) inside Walled City of Lahore , as an affiliated college of Calcutta University . In April 1871, the college moved to
3795-446: The main building, alluded to as the "Oval Ground". In 2019, the ground was renamed "The Leitner Oval", in honour of Gottlieb Wilhelm Leitner, the first principal of the institute. To meet the needs of an increasing number of students, several buildings and blocks have been commissioned which include a postgraduate block, a new block for intermediate students and a bachelors' block which is accessible by an overhead bridge . The main campus
3864-792: The office is to advance, diversify and manage all research programs and to uphold international standards of research. It receives research grants mostly from foreign universities like Strathclyde University , Cranfield University , World Bank Researchers Alliance for Development and British Council and from national institutes and organizations like Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission (PAEC), Pakistan Science Foundation (PSF), Khan Research Laboratories (KRL), PTCL , Higher Education Commission and Ministry of Science and Technology . The university has five autonomous/semi-autonomous, research-oriented institutes, focused on academic and industrial research and development projects. These institutes are: The Abdus Salam School of Mathematical Sciences (ASSMS)
3933-534: The original Nobel certificate to the university's alma mater. The certificate reads: " for their contributions to the theory of the unified weak and electromagnetic interaction between elementary particles, including, inter-alia, the prediction of the weak neutral current ". It has been integrated into Department of Physics, where MPhil and PhD students carry out their research work. Some of its achievements include: getting 52 research publications in international journals; producing 6 PhD and 25 MPhil theses; setting up
4002-490: The other universities. Lodging and messing facilities are available here. Alumni of the institute are called Ravians, which is a derived word from the name of the student magazine " Ravi ", published by the administration of the college; the magazine name itself is inspired by the Ravi River that passes through Lahore . "The Last Follower and The Resurrection of Voldemort" is Pakistan's first Harry Potter movie, and it
4071-535: The pioneering personalities for studying the isolation of unique chemical compounds from the Neem ( Azadirachta indica ) , Rauvolfia , periwinkle ( Catharanthus roseus ), ( Buxus papillosa ) and various other plants. Most research programs in Pakistan take place not only at universities but also at specialized research facilities and institutes. Some of these institutes operate under the Ministry of Science and Technology , which oversees scientific development, along with
4140-468: The policy include: By 2014, studies were completed in eleven areas, including agriculture, energy, ICT, and health. After the 2013 government change Ministry of Science and Technology issued the draft National Science, Technology, and Innovation Strategy 2014-2018 . This strategy was integrated into Vision 2025, Pakistan's long-term development plan, with human development as its central pillar. In 1961, Pakistan made international achievements by becoming
4209-613: The properties of uranium oxide, eventually producing the first fuel bundle in 1976 that was shipped to the Karachi Nuclear Power Plant to keep its grid operations running. The Pinstech also took initiatives in learning and understanding the chemistry of uranium hexafluoride , which the technology was transferred to the Islamabad Uranium Conversion Facility in 1974. In addition, the understanding of UF6 eventually led in producing
SECTION 60
#17327801526374278-484: The second place in the general category by the Higher Education Commission (HEC) in 2013. It has the highest graduation rate in the country, with an average of 94.6% annually. In Government College University, the medium of instruction is English. Government College University is noted for its historical roots and produced notable scholars such as poet - philosopher Allama Muhammad Iqbal , Nobel laureates Har Gobind Khorana and Abdus Salam , former president of both
4347-460: The third Asian country and the tenth in the world to launch the Rehbar-I —a solid fuel expendable rocket—from Sonmani Spaceport . This rocket was developed and launched under the leadership of Dr. W. J. M. Turowicz , a Polish-Pakistani scientist and project director. Following this launch, the program continued to conduct flights until the 1970s. A significant breakthrough occurred in 1979 when
4416-474: The very basic knowledge from the European industries prior to 1969. At the Pinstech laboratory, a pilot plant (New Labs) was built for reprocessing spent reactor fuel into plutonium pit production. Besides its fundamental and basic programs on physical sciences, the laboratory provided a ground for the Pakistani scientists to design and engineer weapon designs, with many feared that India was rapidly developing
4485-489: The war with India in 1971, the lab was repurposed as a primary weapons laboratory from its original civilian mission. Since the 1990s, the lab has been focused increasingly on civilian mission and it maintains a broad portfolio in providing research opportunities in supercomputing , renewable energy , physical sciences , philosophy , materials science , medicine , environmental science , and mathematics . The Pakistan Institute of Nuclear Science & Technology (PINSTECH)
4554-630: Was designed by the American firm, AMF Atomics and Edward Durell Stone who once worded: "This....has been my greatest work. I am proud that it looks like it belongs in this country.." Since owned by the Government of Pakistan , its managed by Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission . The scientific research programs are supported at the laboratory through the Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences , also in Nilore. The laboratory covers around 400 acres (1.6 km) area. The establishment of
4623-517: Was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society (London), becoming the first scientist from the Muslim world to receive this honor for his research conducted in an Islamic country. He made significant contributions to the development of natural product chemistry, and several international journals have published special issues in recognition of his work. A landmark study by Thomson Reuters highlighted
4692-521: Was formally opened to students. A bus shuttle service will operate between both campuses. The torch, as the crest of the university emblem, represents the light of knowledge. The motto "Courage to Know" represents the guiding principle of the student community. The university offers degrees in Higher Secondary School Certificate (locally referred to as Intermediate ), undergraduate and post-graduate studies. In
4761-607: Was named after Rafi Muhammad Chaudhry , a renowned Pakistani nuclear physicist and a professor of particle physics at the university. He is widely regarded as having been the pioneer of experimental nuclear physics research in Pakistan. During his tenure as a professor at the university, he set up High Tension Laboratory there in 1952 (now amalgamated into Center for Advanced Studies in Physics CASP ) where research anent to gaseous discharges, ion, and electron impact phenomena, nuclear physics, radioactivity, and cosmic rays
#636363