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20-996: PLOS Pathogens began operation in September 2005. It was the fifth journal of the Public Library of Science (PLOS), a non-profit open-access publisher. The journal scope of PLOS Pathogens is to feature PLOS Pathogens publishes original research and commentary that significantly advance the understanding of pathogens and how they interact with their host organisms. Topics include (but are not limited to) adaptive and innate immune defenses as well as pathogen countermeasures, emerging pathogens, evolution, genomics and gene regulation, model host organisms, pathogen-cell biology, pathogenesis, prions, proteomics and signal transduction, rational vaccine design, structural biology, and virulence factors. PLOS Pathogens publishes primary research articles, Pearls, Research Matters, Reviews, Opinions and occasional Editorials. PLOS supports DORA –

40-588: A biochemist at Stanford University ; and Michael Eisen , a computational biologist at the University of California, Berkeley , and the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory . The petition called for all scientists to pledge that, from September 2001, they would discontinue submission of articles to journals that did not make the full text of their articles available to all, free and unfettered, either immediately or after

60-702: A delay of no more than six months. Although tens of thousands signed the petition, most did not act upon its terms; and in August 2001, Brown and Eisen announced that they would start their own nonprofit publishing operation. In December 2002, the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation awarded PLOS a $ 9 million grant, which it followed in May 2006 with a $ 1 million grant to help PLOS achieve financial sustainability and launch new free-access biomedical journals. The PLOS organizers turned their attention to starting their own journal along

80-579: A fee and those in "group-two countries" are given a fee reduction. (In all cases, decisions to publish are based solely on editorial criteria.) PLOS was launched with grants totaling US$ 13 million from the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation and the Sandler Family Supporting Foundation . PLOS confirmed in July 2011 that it no longer relies on subsidies from foundations and is covering all of its operational costs. Since then,

100-595: A participating publisher and supporter of the Initiative for Open Citations , and a member of the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE). The Public Library of Science began in 2000 with an online petition initiative by Nobel Prize winner Harold Varmus , formerly director of the National Institutes of Health and at that time director of Memorial Sloan–Kettering Cancer Center ; Patrick O. Brown ,

120-601: The San Francisco Declaration on Research Assessment and uses Article-Level Metrics (ALMs) to measure the impact of articles based on their merits rather than using the journal impact factor. Traditionally, the impact of research articles has been measured by the publication journal, but this particular view examines the overall performance and reach of the articles themselves. ALMs are noted on each article to mark how often they are viewed, cited, saved, discussed/shared or recommended in order to assess work at

140-708: The PLOS balance sheet has improved from $ 20,511,000 net assets in 2012–2013 to $ 36,591,000 in 2014–2015. In April 2017, PLOS was one of the founding partners in the Initiative for Open Citations . PLOS has its main headquarters in Suite 225 in the Koshland East Building in Levi's Plaza in San Francisco . Previously, the company had been located at 185 Berry Street. In June 2010, PLOS announced that it

160-547: The SDGs: PLOS Climate , PLOS Water , PLOS Sustainability and Transformation , PLOS Digital Health , and PLOS Global Public Health . In 2011, the Public Library of Science became an official financial supporting organization of Healthcare Information For All by 2015 , a global initiative that advocates unrestricted access to medical knowledge, sponsoring the first HIFA2015 Webinar in 2012. In 2012,

180-673: The Thirty Meter Telescope, along with concerns over the lack of meaningful dialogue during the permitting process. On October 7, 2014, protesters demonstrated outside the headquarters of the foundation in Palo Alto, California. On July 14, 2019, protesters had created an online petition titled "The Immediate Halt to the Construction of the TMT Telescope" that was posted on Change.org and directed towards

200-548: The Thirty Meter Telescope. A proposed extremely large telescope (ELT), the Thirty Meter Telescope (TMT) is considered controversial due to its planned location on Mauna Kea , which is considered sacred land according to the native Hawaiians, on the island of Hawaii in the United States. Native Hawaiian cultural practice and religious rights are the main points of opposition towards the construction of

220-911: The article level. ALMs are available, upon publication, for every article published by PLOS. PLOS Pathogens is indexed in PubMed, MEDLINE, Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS), EMBASE, EMBASE, SCOPUS, Zoological Record, and Web of Science. PLOS Pathogens publishes under the Open Access license PLOS applies to all its published works, the Creative Commons Attribution license (CC BY). P LOS 's business model requires in most cases that authors pay publication fees. PLOS provides individual and institutional fee support programs through its Global Participation Initiatives, Publication Fee Assistance and Institutional Fee Support. PLOS Pathogens uses Article-Level Metrics (ALMs) to measure

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240-710: The character of the San Francisco Bay Area . As outlined in the Statement of Founder's Intent, the foundation's aim is to tackle large, important issues at a scale where it can achieve significant and measurable impacts. According to the OECD , the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation provided USD 60 million for development in 2020 by means of grants. Source: Source: The Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation has contributed US$ 200 million towards construction of

260-486: The influence of articles based on their individual merits rather than using the journal impact factor. A signpost in the upper right of every article provides summary metrics of citations, views, shares and bookmarks. Public Library of Science PLOS (for Public Library of Science ; PLoS until 2012  ) is a nonprofit publisher of open-access journals in science, technology, and medicine and other scientific literature , under an open-content license. It

280-623: The journals, PLOS charges an article processing charge (APC) to be paid by the author or the author's employer or funder. In the United States, institutions such as the National Institutes of Health and the Howard Hughes Medical Institute have pledged that recipients of their grants will be allocated funds to cover such author charges. The Global Participation Initiative (GPI) was instituted in 2012, by which authors in "group-one countries" are not charged

300-682: The lines of the UK-based BioMed Central , which has been publishing open-access scientific articles in the biological sciences in journals such as Genome Biology since 2000. The PLOS journals are what is described as "open-access content"; all content is published under the Creative Commons "attribution" license . The project states (quoting the Budapest Open Access Initiative ) that: "The only constraint on reproduction and distribution, and

320-677: The merger, the company started the PLOS Hub for Clinical Trials to collect journal articles published in any PLOS journal that related to clinical trials; the hub was discontinued in July 2013. PLOS became a signatory of the SDG Publishers Compact in 2023, and has taken steps to support the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). These include the introduction of five new open-access journals in 2021 to publish research relevant to

340-487: The only role for copyright in this domain, should be to give authors control over the integrity of their work and the right to be properly acknowledged and cited." As a publishing company, the Public Library of Science officially launched its operation on 13 October 2003, with the publication of a print and online scientific journal entitled PLOS Biology , and has since launched 11 more journals. One, PLOS Clinical Trials , has since been merged into PLOS ONE . Following

360-555: The organization quit using the stylization "PLoS" to identify itself and began using only "PLOS". In 2016, PLOS confirmed that its chief executive officer, Elizabeth Marincola , would be leaving for personal and professional reasons at the end of that year. In May 2017, PLOS announced that their new CEO would be Alison Mudditt with effect from June. In 2021, PLOS announced a policy that required changes in reporting for researchers working in other countries as an attempt to address neo-colonial parachute research practices. To fund

380-739: Was founded in 2000 and launched its first journal, PLOS Biology , in October 2003. As of 2024, PLOS publishes 14 academic journals, including 7 journals indexed within the Science Citation Index Expanded , and consequently 7 journals ranked with an impact factor . PLOS journals are included in the Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ). PLOS is also a member of the Open Access Scholarly Publishers Association (OASPA),

400-461: Was moving to a new location in order to accommodate its rapid growth. The move to the Koshland East Building went into effect on 21 June 2010. Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation The Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation is an American foundation established by Intel co-founder Gordon E. Moore and his wife Betty I. Moore in September 2000 to support scientific discovery, environmental conservation, patient care improvements and preservation of

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