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20-562: Pozzallo is now a major summer tourist destination: as of March 2020, two beaches in Pozzallo hold a Blue Flag award, presented by the FEE and given to beaches which meet strict criteria dealing with water quality, environmental education and information, environmental management, and safety and other services. Very few beaches retain this award in Sicily, including the two located in Pozzallo. It

40-504: A legally binding document (i.e., a treaty), one needs to examine the parties’ intent as well as the signatories' position (e.g., Minister of Foreign Affairs vs. Minister of Environment). A careful analysis of the wording will also clarify the exact nature of the document. The International Court of Justice has provided some insight into the determination of the legal status of a document in the landmark case of Qatar v. Bahrain , 1 July 1994. One advantage of MoUs over more formal instruments

60-407: A very solid interest was shown from South Africa. In 2003, FEE signed a “ Memorandum of Understanding ” (MoU) with UNEP which "formalises long-standing relationship between UNEP and FEE and provides a framework for long term co-operation on areas of common interest relating to education, training and public awareness for sustainable development globally". This MoU provides a solid basis for furthering

80-421: Is a non-governmental , non-profit organisation promoting sustainable development through environmental education, and is active in five programmes: Memorandum of Understanding A memorandum of understanding ( MoU ) is a type of agreement between two ( bilateral ) or more ( multilateral ) parties. It expresses a convergence of will between the parties, indicating an intended common line of action. It

100-514: Is a non-governmental , non-profit organisation promoting sustainable development through environmental education. FEE is active through five programmes; Blue Flag , Eco-Schools , Young Reporters for the Environment (YRE), Learning about Forests (LEAF) and Green Key International . It has members in 77 countries worldwide. FEE is an international umbrella organisation with one national member organisation per country representing FEE on

120-496: Is also a major port which creates the link between Sicily and Malta (about 90 minutes on high speed ferry) for passengers on a catamaran service. The main monument of the city is Torre Cabrera , a 15th century watchtower built by Bernat Juan de Cabrera , son of Bernat II de Cabrera . This Sicilian location article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Foundation for Environmental Education The Foundation for Environmental Education ( FEE )

140-484: Is often used either in cases where parties do not imply a legal commitment or in situations where the parties cannot create a legally enforceable agreement. It is a more formal alternative to a gentlemen's agreement . Whether a document constitutes a binding contract depends only on the presence or absence of well-defined legal elements in the text proper of the document (the so-called " four corners "). The required elements are offer and acceptance , consideration , and

160-493: Is often used in the context of devolution , for example the 1999 concordat between the central Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs and the Scottish Environment Directorate . MoUs can also be used between a government agency and a non-commercial, non-governmental organization. In international relations, MoUs fall under the broad category of treaties and should be registered in

180-469: Is that, because obligations under international law may be avoided, they can often be put into effect without requiring legislative approval. Hence, MoUs are often used to modify and adapt existing treaties, in which case these MoUs have factual treaty status. The decision concerning ratification, however, is determined by the parties' internal law and depends to a large degree on the subject agreed upon. MoUs that are kept confidential (i.e., not registered with

200-531: Is typically a legally non-binding agreement between two (or more) parties, outlining terms and details of a mutual understanding or agreement, noting each party's requirements and responsibilities—but without establishing a formal, legally enforceable contract (though an MoU is often a first step towards the development of a formal contract). In the United Kingdom , the term MoU is commonly used to refer to an agreement between parts of The Crown . The term

220-528: The Global Forest Fund to offset CO 2 emissions from travel. This non-profit fund invests 90% of its income directly into tree planting and other CO 2 compensation efforts that are combined with environmental education activities. Young Reporters for the Environment is a programme of the foundation. An international network of youth in more than 25 countries, it promotes solutions to environmental issues through investigative journalism . At

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240-535: The United Nations treaty collection. In practice and in spite of the United Nations Office of Legal Affairs ' insistence that registration be done to avoid 'secret diplomacy', MoUs are sometimes kept confidential. As a matter of law, the title of MoU does not necessarily mean the document is binding or not binding under international law . To determine whether a particular MoU is meant to be

260-531: The intention to be legally bound ( animus contrahendi ). In the US, the specifics can differ slightly depending on whether the contract is for goods (falls under the Uniform Commercial Code ) or services (falls under the common law of the state). Many companies and government agencies use MoUs to define a relationship between departments, agencies or closely held companies. In business , an MoU

280-774: The idea of the award scheme was presented to FEE. This year was also the European Year for the Environment initiated by the European Union, so Blue Flag was launched on the European level (10 countries) in a partnership between FEE and the European Commission. In 1987, there were only five national FEE member organisations (Italy, Spain, France, Germany and Denmark). After the launch of Blue Flag in other six European countries, FEE started to require organisations as members of FEE in order to run Blue Flag. In

300-728: The late 1980s and in the beginning of the 1990s, big constitutional changes were made for FEE. In 1994, the Eco-Schools and the Young Reporters for the Environment Programmes were implemented as second and third programmes of FEE. The Learning about Forests (LEAF) programme started in 2000 and the Green Key Programme in 2003. They were already nationally existing programmes before that but were implemented these to years as FEE programmes with

320-418: The national level, participants choose local environmental issues to investigate, with the goal of communicating relevant information and solutions to the general public. The students carry out real journalistic enquiries and report their findings in the form of an article, photograph/ photographic essay or video. An international competition is also held annually. The Foundation for Environmental Education

340-694: The national level and in charge of implementing FEE programmes nationally. FEE has member organisations in 77 countries worldwide. When a national organisation is accepted as member of FEE it becomes “associate member of FEE”. Within 3–5 years of FEE membership, the organisation must become “full member of FEE” (which means that it has fully implemented at least two FEE programmes). Besides the national associate/full FEE member organizations, international institutions/organisations or other national organizations can also become affiliate member of FEE, and FEE does, furthermore, have some individual persons as honorary member of FEE. The Foundation for Environmental Education

360-522: The use of external steering committees. In the mid-1990s a co-operation with United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) and World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), was established and a manual for coastal zone management with the example of the Blue Flag was produced. With a further support from UNEP, workshops were held in Caribbean, Africa and Asia. An interest grew rapidly in the Caribbean area and

380-534: The work already undertaken in collaboration between FEE and UNEP, in particular with regard to the introduction of FEE programmes and associated activities, particularly in developing countries and those with economies in transition. Another MoU was signed in 2007 with the UN World Tourism Organization, where especially the tourism related programmes of FEE was recognised. As an organisation promoting sustainable development, FEE established

400-651: Was established in 1981 as the Foundation for Environmental Education in Europe (FEEE). However, at its 20th anniversary general assembly, held in Copenhagen in 2001, the organisation decided, because of growing interest from outside Europe, to become more global and dropped "Europe" from its name to become the Foundation for Environmental Education (FEE). The Blue Flag Programme was launched in 1985 in France. In 1987,

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