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15-606: Engels (Russian: Э́нгельс , IPA: [ˈɛnɡʲɪlʲs] ) is a city in Saratov Oblast , Russia . An important port located on the Volga River across from Saratov , the administrative center of the oblast , it is connected to it with a bridge . It is the second-largest city in Saratov Oblast, with a population of 202,419 ( 2010 Census ) . Historically a major center for Volga Germans ,

30-735: A municipal division , Engels City Under Oblast Jurisdiction, together with the work settlement of Privolzhsky and one rural locality (the settlement of Geofizik ) in Engelssky District, are incorporated within Engelssky Municipal District as Engels Urban Settlement . Engels is an industrial city. The Trolza factory manufactures trolleybuses for Russia's public transportation networks. The Engelssky factory of transport mechanical engineering produces rolling stock for railways. The Bosch-Saratov plant, previously Autotractor Spark Plugs, produces spark plugs, and

45-417: A Russian Air Force base is nearby. Within the framework of administrative divisions , Engels serves as the administrative center of Engelssky District , even though it is not a part of it. As an administrative division, it is, together with four rural localities , incorporated separately as Engels City Under Oblast Jurisdiction —an administrative unit with the status equal to that of the districts . As

60-659: The Russian Civil War , the region came under control of the Bolshevik Russian SFSR , and in 1918 it became the capital of the newly established Volga German ASSR within the Russian SFSR. Pokrovsk/Kosakenstadt was renamed Engels in 1931, after German communist philosopher Friedrich Engels . The Volga German ASSR was abolished in 1941 with the German invasion of Russia serving as a pretext, and

75-758: The Soviet time, each of the republics of the Soviet Union , including the Russian SFSR , had its own legislative documents dealing with classification of inhabited localities. After the Dissolution of the Soviet Union , the task of developing and maintaining such classification in Russia was delegated to the federal subjects . While currently there are certain peculiarities to classifications used in many federal subjects, they are all still largely based on

90-775: The German Henkel company operates a factory producing domestic laundry detergent and chemical products for the auto-industry. The Engelssky pipe factory makes steel electro-welded pipes, steel water pipeline, and profile pipes. In August 2015, a prototype 1520 mm gauge Bombardier Traxx F120MS locomotive was unveiled at a ceremony to mark the inauguration of First Locomotive Company's factory at Engels. Classification of inhabited localities in Russia The classification system of inhabited localities in Russia and some other post-Soviet states has certain peculiarities compared with those in other countries. During

105-694: The MTB-82, the ZiU-5 and the ZiU-9 (also known as the ZiU-682). The ZiU-9 is the most widely produced trolleybus in history. The factory has exported its production to various countries, including Argentina , Bulgaria , Colombia , Greece , Mongolia , Hungary , Serbia etc . The enterprise was founded in Imperial Russia in 1868, but it began producing trolleybuses in 1951. Trolleybus production by

120-692: The Uritsky factory (ZiU) began in 1951, but the company's first model, the MTB-82d, was a refinement of a design first developed several years earlier, by the national government in Moscow in 1945–46, the MTB-82m (where MTB stood for Moscow Trolleybus). A prototype MTB-82m was built in February 1946 at a military factory. Following the construction of 77 additional MTB-82 trolleybuses in 1946–47, improvements in

135-601: The city became part of Saratov Oblast . Its German inhabitants suffered persecution as Soviet authorities accused them of being spies for Nazi Germany . All Germans were deported from Engels , with most being sent far away to Siberia and the Kazakh SSR . On August 26, 2011, a monument in honor of the Russian-German victims of repression within the Soviet Union was unveiled in the city. Engels-2 ,

150-584: The city was known jointly as Pokrovsk ( Pokrovskaya sloboda (until 1914), Pokrovsk (until 1931)) in Russian and as Kosakenstadt in German , until it was renamed after German Marxist theoretician Friedrich Engels in 1931. Engels served as the capital of the Volga German ASSR from 1918 until its abolition in 1941. What would become the city was founded as a sloboda named Pokrovskaya Sloboda by Ukrainian Chumak settlers in 1747. During

165-499: The design led to the introduction of the MTB-82d. Production of the improved model continued at military factories as well as at MTRZ, a small trolleybus repair plant in Moscow, until 1951, when the Uritsky factory was established in Engels to take over all trolleybus production from the various smaller facilities. ZiU's production of the MTB-82d lasted from 1951 to 1961, and a total of 3,746 were built (or more than 5,000 when counting

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180-918: The ones built elsewhere, before ZiU was established). In the 1980s, ZiU was building more than 2,000 trolleybuses per year, mostly for domestic use (in the then Soviet Union) but up to 160 per year for export outside the USSR. For many years until at least the early 1990s, ZiU was the world's largest manufacturer of trolleybuses. Around 1996, it was renamed Trolza, short for AO Trolleybusnyi Zavod (Trolleybus Factory). In 2016, Trolza announced that it would begin production of trolleybuses and electric buses in Juárez Celman , Córdoba Province , Argentina. The company intends to supply and modernise existing systems in Rosario , Córdoba and Mendoza while also supplying new potential networks. On February 20, 2020, it

195-569: The reign of Catherine the Great , ethnic Germans were encouraged to settle in the Volga region and many moved into the town, making it a major center of the Volga German culture. It was granted official town status and renamed Pokrovsk ( Покровск ) in 1914. At that time, the town was commonly known as Kosakenstadt (" Cossacks ' Town") in German , alongside its official Russian name. During

210-486: The system used in the RSFSR. In all federal subjects, the inhabited localities are classified into two major categories: urban and rural. Further divisions of these categories vary slightly from one federal subject to another, but they all follow common trends described below. In 1957, the procedures for categorizing urban-type settlements were further refined. Multiple types of rural localities exist, some common through

225-400: The whole territory of Russia, some specific to certain federal subjects. The most common types include: Trolza In the Soviet era it was known as ZiU ( Russian : Завод имени Урицкого , Zavod imeni Uritskogo, plant named after Moisei Uritskiy ) or Uritsky factory (plant). ZiU/Trolza has built over 65,000 trolleybuses. Historically, the most numerous models of ZiU production were

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