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106-670: Pomona College ( / p ə ˈ m oʊ n ə / pə- MOH -nə ) is a private liberal arts college in Claremont, California . It was established in 1887 by a group of Congregationalists who wanted to recreate a "college of the New England type" in Southern California . In 1925, it became the founding member of the Claremont Colleges consortium of adjacent, affiliated institutions. Pomona

212-462: A consortium of five undergraduate liberal arts colleges ("5Cs")—Pomona, Scripps , Claremont McKenna , Harvey Mudd , and Pitzer —and two graduate schools— Claremont Graduate University and Keck Graduate Institute . All are located in Claremont. Although each member has individual autonomy and a distinct identity, there is substantial collaboration through The Claremont Colleges Services (TCCS),

318-616: A doctorate or other terminal degree in their field. Students and professors often form close relationships, and the college provides faculty with free meals to encourage them to eat with students. Semesters end with a week-long final examination period preceded by two reading days . The college operates several resource centers to help students develop academic skills in quantitative tasks, writing, and foreign languages. More than half of Pomona students conduct research with faculty. The college sponsors an annual Summer Undergraduate Research Program (SURP), in which more than 200 students are paid

424-706: A "college in a garden" defined by native Southern California vegetation but incorporating global influences in the tradition of the acclimatization movement . President James Blaisdell 's decision to purchase undeveloped land around Pomona while it was still available later gave the college room to grow and found the consortium. Many of the earlier buildings were constructed in the Mission Revival and Spanish Colonial Revival styles, with stucco walls and red terracotta tile roofs. Other and later construction incorporated elements of neoclassical , Victorian , Italian Romanesque , modern , and postmodern styles. As

530-607: A 2017 alumni survey. The college ranked 11th among all U.S. colleges and universities for doctorates awarded to alumni per capita, according to data collected by the National Science Foundation for 2012 to 2021. The top destinations between 2009 and 2018 (in order) were the University of California, Los Angeles ; the University of California, Berkeley ; Harvard University ; the University of Southern California ; and Stanford University . A 2023 analysis of

636-498: A 335-seat thrust stage theater and 125-seat black box theater , among other facilities. The Studio Art Hall garnered national recognition for its steel-frame design when it was completed in 2014. Pomona's main social science and humanities buildings are located west of College Avenue. They include the Carnegie Building, a neoclassical structure built in 1908 as a Carnegie library . Several historic Victorian houses line

742-583: A 60% increase since the establishment of HEC in 2002. The HEC digital library now provides access to over 20,000 leading research journals, covering about 75% of the world's peer-reviewed scientific journals. Until 1991, there were only two recognized private universities in Pakistan: Aga Khan University , established in 1983, and Lahore University of Management Sciences , established in 1985. By 1997, there were 10 private universities. From 2001–2002, this number had doubled to 20. Among

848-452: A C average GPA are needed to graduate, along with the requirements of a major, a first-year critical inquiry seminar, at least one course in each of six "breadth of study" areas, proficiency in a foreign language, two physical education courses, a writing-intensive course, a speaking-intensive course, and an "analyzing difference" course (typically examining a type of structural inequality ). Pomona offers 48 majors , most of which also have

954-462: A capacity of 2,500. Bridges Hall of Music ("Little Bridges") is a concert hall with seating for 550. On the western edge of campus is the Benton Museum of Art , which has a collection of approximately 19,000 items, including Italian Renaissance panel paintings , indigenous American art and artifacts, and American and European prints, drawings, and photographs. The Seaver Theatre Complex has

1060-578: A cook for a family in Sacramento, California , before becoming involved in The Salvation Army and converting to Christianity. He enrolled at Pomona College 's preparatory school in 1897, becoming the college's first Asian student. He transferred to UC Berkeley in 1901, and after completing his Bachelor of Letters there, earned a Master of Arts from Teachers College, Columbia University . Following graduation, he returned to China, and

1166-401: A coordinating entity that manages the central library , campus safety services, health services , and other resources. Overall, the 7Cs have been praised by higher education experts for their close cooperation, although there have been occasional tensions. Pomona is the largest undergraduate and wealthiest member. Pomona is a member of several other consortia of selective colleges, including

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1272-634: A corresponding minor . For the 2023 graduation cohort, 21% of students majored in the arts and humanities, 39% in the natural sciences, 24% in the social sciences, and 16% in interdisciplinary fields. 19% of students completed a double major, 29% completed a minor, and 2% completed multiple minors. The college does not permit majoring in pre-professional disciplines such as medicine or law but offers academic advising for those areas and 3‑2 engineering programs with Caltech , Dartmouth , and Washington University . Individually, Pomona offers approximately 650 courses per semester. Additionally, students may take

1378-745: A course of training for six months. He travelled up and down the Pacific Coast in the interest of the Army and was afterwards assigned to duties at its headquarters in San Francisco. He took a course in shorthand and typewriting and later obtained a position as stenographer to the Chief Officer of the Salvation Army on the Pacific Coast. He remained with the Salvation Army from 1885 to 1893. In 1897 he entered Pomona College , one of

1484-635: A distinction between free institutions (as in free from the State), which are recognized and funded by the Communities of Belgium (the State until 1990) and follow the same rules and laws as fully public universities, and fully private institutions, which are not recognized nor funded by the authorities, and thus do not issue valid degrees. Private ( free ) institutions are predominantly Catholic: UCLouvain , KU Leuven or Saint-Louis University, Brussels . On

1590-568: A median early career salary of $ 73,700 and a median mid-career salary of $ 146,400, according to 2023 survey data from compensation analytics company PayScale . Pomona ranks among the top producers of recipients of various competitive postgraduate fellowships , including the Churchill Scholarship , Fulbright Program , Goldwater Scholarship , Marshall Scholarship , National Science Foundation graduate research fellowship, and Rhodes Scholarship . Private university Across

1696-432: A more equitable distribution of campus space. The move lowered the profile of Greek life on campus. In the 2000s, under president David W. Oxtoby , Pomona began placing more emphasis on reducing its environmental impact, committing in 2003 to obtaining LEED certifications for new buildings and launching various sustainability initiatives. The college also entered partnerships with several college access groups (including

1802-765: A private institution to be called " université ", and most of the universities in France are public. In France, grandes écoles are part of an alternative educational system that operates alongside the mainstream French public university system . Grandes écoles can be public , semi-private or private, but the most prestigious ones are public. These institutions operate mostly in engineering studies and business administration. The best-known semi-private grandes écoles are generally business, engineering, and humanities schools; they are generally managed by chambers of commerce and industry, with capital open to other private companies. Other grandes écoles are entirely private, but this

1908-546: A rental house in Pomona, California , on September 12, 1888, with a permanent campus planned at Piedmont Mesa four miles north of the city. That year, as the real estate bubble burst, making the Piedmont campus financially untenable, the college was offered the site of an unfinished hotel (later renamed Sumner Hall) in the nearby, recently founded town of Claremont . It moved there but kept its name. Trustee Charles B. Sumner led

2014-461: A requirement for all foreign institutions endeavoring to operate businesses in the country. Almost all the private universities in Ghana focus on similar areas of academic study, including business administration, human resources, accounting, information technology, and related fields, which are offered by universities like Ashesi , Regent , Valley View , and Ghana Telecom , among others. In addition,

2120-401: A result, the present campus features a blend of architectural styles. Most buildings are three or fewer stories in height, and are designed to facilitate both indoor and outdoor use. The campus consists of 88 facilities as of 2023, including 70 addressed buildings. It is bounded by First Street on the south, Mills and Amherst Avenues on the east, Eighth Street on the north, and Harvard Avenue on

2226-480: A significant portion of their courses at the other Claremont Colleges, enabling access to approximately 2,700 courses total. The academic calendars and registration procedures across the colleges are synchronized and consolidated, and there are no additional fees for cross-enrollment. Students may also create independent study courses evaluated by faculty mentors. All classes at Pomona are taught by professors (as opposed to teaching assistants ). The average class size

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2332-616: A stipend of up to $ 5,600 to conduct research with professors or pursue independent research projects with professorial mentorship. The Pomona College Humanities Studio, established in 2018, supports research in the humanities. Pomona is home to the Pacific Basin Institute, a research institute that studies issues pertaining to the Pacific Rim . The Sontag Center for Collaborative Creativity, colloquially termed "the Hive",

2438-537: A telescope at the Table Mountain Observatory in Big Pines, California . Along the north side of campus are several joint buildings maintained by The Claremont Colleges Services . The Claremont Colleges Library (also known as Honnold/Mudd Library) holds more than 2.7 million items as of 2020, of which 1.1 million are physical and 1.7 million are digital. The consortium also owns

2544-497: A transformational and turbulent period from 1941 to 1969. The college's enrollment rose above 1,000 following the war, leading to the construction of several residence halls and science facilities. Its endowment grew steadily, due in part to the introduction in 1942 of a deferred giving fundraising scheme pioneered by Allen Hawley called the Pomona Plan, where participants receive a lifetime annuity in exchange for donating to

2650-422: Is 15; for the fall 2023 semester, 92% of traditional courses had under 30 students, and only two courses had 50 or more students. The college employs 278 faculty members as of the fall 2023 semester, approximately four-fifths of whom are full-time, resulting in a 7∶1 ratio of students to full-time equivalent professors. Among full-time faculty, 36% are members of racial minority groups, 52% are women, and 96% have

2756-604: Is Alexander Hall, the college's central administration building, and the Smith Campus Center (SCC), home to many student services and communal spaces. East of the SCC is the Center for Athletics, Recreation and Wellness (Pomona's primary indoor athletics and recreation facility) and Smiley Hall dormitory, built in 1908. At the intersection of Sixth Street and College Avenue are the college gates, built in 1914, which mark

2862-504: Is a four-year undergraduate institution that enrolls approximately 1,700 students. It offers 48 majors in liberal arts disciplines and roughly 650 courses, as well as access to more than 2,000 additional courses at the other Claremont Colleges. Its 140-acre (57 ha) campus is in a residential community 35 miles (56 km) east of downtown Los Angeles , near the foothills of the San Gabriel Mountains . Pomona has

2968-1065: Is due to the form of testing in schools in Taiwan, in which students take a national entrance exam to determine their university qualifications. The most well known private university is Fu Jen Catholic University , and the oldest is Tunghai University . Since the 1990s, several private universities have opened in Vietnam including Ho Chi Minh City Open University being one of the first. Some characteristics of Vietnamese private universities as of 2010 are high (very high in some cases) tuition fees, poor infrastructure, limited faculty, and human resources. Private universities are often named after scholars ( Fulbright University Vietnam, Vo Truong Toan University, Nguyen Trai University, Luong The Vinh University, Chu Van An University, Yersin University, Phan Chau Trinh University), or heroes/legends ( Hung Vuong University, Quang Trung University); although there are exceptions such as FPT University , named after

3074-540: Is home to several private universities, including Sohar University , the University of Nizwa , Middle East College , and the German University of Technology in Oman . These universities offer a range of undergraduate, graduate, and professional programs in fields such as business, engineering, and information technology. Private universities in Oman offer a more personalized and interactive learning experience, as

3180-470: Is in Claremont, California , an affluent suburban residential community 35 miles (56 km) east of downtown Los Angeles . It is directly northwest of the Claremont Village (the city's downtown commercial district) and directly south of the other contiguous Claremont Colleges. The area has a Mediterranean climate and consists of a gentle slope from the alluvial fan of San Antonio Creek in

3286-731: Is one private university in Madaba city, the American University of Madaba (AUM) . There are 11 private universities and colleges in Kuwait . There are 19 private universities in Lebanon. Among these, the American University of Beirut and the Lebanese American University are internationally acknowledged. The languages used for teaching in private universities are mainly French and English ; Arabic

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3392-491: Is rarer, and they sometimes establish partnerships with public universities. Fong Foo Sec Fong Foo Sec ( Chinese : 鄺富灼 , alternately romanized as Kuang Fuzhuo ; 1869 – 1938) was a Chinese English-language educator and publicist . Born in rural Xinning County , Guangdong , China, he emigrated to the United States at age 13. He encountered virulent Sinophobia and worked as

3498-509: Is responsible for the accreditation of these institutes and degrees. These mostly provide undergraduate degrees with a few providing postgraduate degrees. The Informatics Institute of Sri Lanka (IIT), NSBM Green University (NSBM), Horizon Campus and Sri Lanka Institute for Information Technology (SLIIT) are examples. Some foreign universities franchise parts of their degree courses in Sri Lanka with local institutes. Students are charged for

3604-742: Is widely used in religious universities and Armenian is used in the Armenian university. The first university opened in Lebanon was the Syrian Protestant College in 1866 (which became the American University of Beirut in 1921). It was founded by Daniel Bliss, a Protestant missionary. The second university opened in Lebanon was the Université Saint-Joseph , founded by the Jesuits in 1875. Oman

3710-693: The American University in Cairo , the German University in Cairo , The British University in Egypt , the Arab Academy for Science, Technology and Maritime Transport , Misr University for Science and Technology , Misr International University , Future University in Egypt and the Modern Sciences and Arts University . In addition to the state-funded national and private universities in Egypt , international university institutions were founded in

3816-673: The Consortium of Liberal Arts Colleges , the Oberlin Group , and the Annapolis Group . The college is accredited by the WASC Senior College and University Commission , which reaffirmed its status in 2021 with particular praise for its diversity initiatives. Pomona has an endowment of $ 2.8 billion as of June 2023, giving it one of the 10 highest endowments per student of any college or university in

3922-823: The FPT Corporation and Tan Tao University in Tan Tao Group . In Vietnam, there are also "semi-private university"; schools in this category which can receive partial financial support from the government. Almost all private universities have to invite professors and lecturers from state universities. Many lecturers from state-owned universities take up positions in private universities after their retirement. There are numerous private universities and independent faculties in Armenia , mostly in Yerevan . As of 2022, there are 31 private higher education institutions in

4028-480: The Great Depression as students became unable to afford tuition , and its budget was slashed by a quarter. The college reoriented itself toward wartime activities again during World War II, hosting an Air Force military meteorology program and Army Specialized Training Program courses in engineering and foreign languages. Pomona's longest-serving president, E. Wilson Lyon , guided the college through

4134-706: The Guangzhou Dialect School and the Guangdong-Guangzhou Higher School and in the autumn of 1907 went to Beijing where he competed in an examination for returned students and won the degree of jinshi which was equivalent to the degree of Doctor of Literature . After passing the examination, Fong was given an appointment in the Ministry of Communications; however, he had no inclination for official life, so in April 1908, at

4240-679: The International University Vienna , whose accreditation was withdrawn in 2003 due to academic misconduct; Imadec University , whose first accreditation period ended in January 2006 and was not renewed; TCM Privatuniversität Li Shi Zhen in Vienna , whose accreditation period ended 2009 without renewal students; and PEF Private University of Management Vienna , which closed for economic reasons in March 2012. Belgium makes

4346-540: The New Administrative Capital and are hosting branches of Universities from abroad. The Knowledge Hub (TKH) and European Universities in Egypt (EUE) are among these institutions. The Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church doctrine embraces traditional higher institutions in Ethiopia . Modern higher education could be traced back to the regime of Emperor Haile Selassie , with the first university,

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4452-510: The Posse Foundation in 2004 and QuestBridge in 2005) and committed to meeting the full demonstrated financial need of students through grants rather than loans in 2008. These efforts, combined with Pomona's previously instituted need-blind admission policy, resulted in increased enrollment of low-income and racial minority students. In 2008, it was discovered that Pomona's alma mater may have been originally written to be sung as

4558-539: The Private Universities Act, 1992 was instituted, consolidated, and re-enacted as the Private Universities Act, 2010 . All private universities must be approved by University Grants Commission (UGC) before they are given a permit to operate. As of April 2018, there were 97 private universities in Bangladesh . Private institutions must confer the students with external programs such as BDTVEC,

4664-606: The Robert J. Bernard Field Station north of Foothill Boulevard. Pomona is governed as a private , nonprofit organization by a board of trustees responsible for overseeing the long-term interests of the college. The board consists of up to 42 members, most of whom are elected by existing members to four-year terms with a term limit of 12 years. It is responsible for hiring the college's president ( G. Gabrielle Starr since 2017), approving budgets, setting overarching policies, and various other tasks. The president, in turn, oversees

4770-540: The San Gabriel Mountains to the north. In its early years, Pomona quickly expanded from its initial home in Sumner Hall, constructing several buildings to accommodate its growing enrollment and ambitions. Starting in 1908, development of the campus was guided by master plans from architect Myron Hunt , who envisioned a central quadrangle flanked by buildings connected via visual axes . In 1923, landscape architect Ralph Cornell expanded on Hunt's plans, envisioning

4876-727: The UGC (Establishment and Maintenance of Standards in Private Universities) Regulations, 2003 . Per the UGC act and these regulations, private universities are established by acts of state legislative assemblies and listed by the UGC in the Gazette upon receiving the relevant act. As confirmed by the ruling of the Supreme Court of India , recognition by the UGC is required for the university to operate. Also, per

4982-720: The 2003 regulations, the UGC sends committees to inspect the private universities and publishes their inspection report. The UGC publishes and regularly updates the lists of private universities. As of 23 August 2022 , the UGC lists 421 private universities. As of 2010 , Japan had 597 private universities, 86 national universities , and 95 public universities . Private universities thus account for over 75% of all universities in Japan. A large number of junior colleges in Japan are private and like public and national universities, many private universities use National Center Test for University Admissions as an entrance exam . There

5088-455: The 21st century. However, since then, Ghana has seen a flood of private universities and colleges established – a reflection of the country's stable governance and the pace of economic growth. Most of these universities are not known to be sponsored by foreign corporate organizations or government universities and the aim is to avoid the Ghanaian government's excessive payment of bonds, which is

5194-509: The Auston Institute of Management, Singapore. The Sri Lanka campus was established in 2010 and is a Board of Investment or (BOI) company. It retains a similar focus to the home campus and occupies a prime spot along Colombo's famous Galle Road. In Taiwan , private universities are typically not as prestigious as some public (national) universities. They are not ranked as high as public institutions and cost nearly twice as much. This

5300-595: The Claremont Colleges and 265 unique organizations were represented in 9 career fairs. For the 2022 entering class, 96% of students returned for their second year, giving Pomona one of the highest retention rates of any college or university in the U.S. For the 2017 entering class, 71% of students graduated within four years (among the highest rate of any U.S. college or university) and 93% graduated within six years. Within 10 years, 81% of Pomona graduates attend graduate or professional school, according to

5406-759: The National Committee of the Y. M. C. A. of China, member of committee of management of the Institution for the Chinese Blind, director of the Shanghai Chinese Y. M. C. A., member of Field Board of Shangtung Christian University , honorary president of Nanyang Commercial Academy , member of the executive committee of the China Christian Educational Association, member of the executive committee of

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5512-559: The Pomona College Internship Program (PCIP), which provides stipends for completing unpaid or underpaid internships during the semester or summer; more than 250 students participate annually. The office connects students with alumni for networking and mentoring via the Sagehen Connect platform. During the 2015‍–‍2016 academic year, 175 employers hosted on-site informational events at

5618-597: The Sagehens , compete jointly with Pitzer College in the SCIAC , a Division III conference. Prominent alumni of Pomona include Oscar , Emmy , Grammy , and Tony award winners; U.S. Senators, ambassadors, and other federal officials; Pulitzer Prize recipients; billionaire executives; a Nobel Prize laureate; National Academies members; and Olympic athletes. The college is a top producer of Fulbright scholars and recipients of other fellowships. Pomona College

5724-453: The U.S. The college's total assets (including its campus) are valued at $ 3.67 billion. Its operating budget for the 2023‍–‍2024 academic year was $ 259 million, of which roughly half was funded by endowment earnings. In 2022, 43% of the budget was allocated to instruction, 2% to research, 1% to public service, 14% to academic support, 16% to student services, and 25% to institutional support. In 2021, Fitch Ratings gave

5830-675: The University College of Addis Ababa (now called the Addis Ababa University or AAU) formed in 1950. In 1954, the Haramaya University opened. As of 2022, there are 83 private universities, 42 public universities, and more than 35 institutions of higher learning. There are 16,305 students enrolled in higher education as a whole. There were a few private universities in Ghana before the beginning of

5936-460: The University Grant Commission (UGC), is the primary regulator of higher education in Pakistan . It also facilitates the development of the higher educational system in Pakistan. Its main purpose is to upgrade the schools to be world-class centers of education, research, and development. It also plays a leading role in building a knowledge-based economy in Pakistan by giving out hundreds of doctoral scholarships for education abroad every year. Despite

6042-415: The aid of purchased carbon credits by 2030. The Association for the Advancement of Sustainability in Higher Education gave the college a gold rating in its 2018 Sustainable Campus Index. South Campus consists of mostly first-year and second-year housing and academic buildings for the social sciences, arts, and humanities. A row of four residence halls is south of Bonita Avenue, with Frank Dining Hall at

6148-522: The campus is known as the Wash (formally Blanchard Park), and contains a large grove of coast live oak trees, as well as many of the college's athletics facilities, an outdoor amphitheater , an astronomical observatory, and the Pomona College Organic Farm , an experiment in sustainable agriculture . North Campus was designed by architect Sumner Spaulding , and its initial phase was completed in 1930. It consists primarily of residential buildings for third- and fourth-year students and academic buildings for

6254-462: The cancellation of classes at the end of the spring 1970 semester. The college's ethnic diversity also began to increase, and activists successfully pushed the consortium to establish black and Latino studies programs in 1969. A bomb exploded at the Carnegie Building that February, permanently injuring a secretary; no culprit was ever identified. During the tenure of president David Alexander from 1969 to 1991, Pomona gained increased prominence on

6360-499: The college a AAA bond credit rating , its highest rating, reflecting an "extremely strong financial profile". For the 2024‍–‍2025 academic year, Pomona charged a tuition fee of $ 65,000 , with a total estimated on-campus cost of attendance of $ 89,414 . In 2023‍–‍2024, 52% of students received a financial aid package, with an average award of $ 63,044, including 38% of international students, who received an average award of $ 73,927. The college meets

6466-425: The college during its first years, helping hire its first official president, Cyrus G. Baldwin , in 1890. The first graduating class, in 1894, had 11 members. Pomona suffered through a severe financial crisis during its early years, but raised enough money to add several buildings to its campus. Although the first Asian and black students enrolled in 1897 and 1900, respectively, the student body (like most others of

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6572-482: The college founded the Claremont Colleges consortium. Construction of the Clark dormitories on North Campus (then the men's campus) began in 1929, a reflection of president Charles Edmunds ' prioritization of the college's residential life. Edmunds, who had previously served as president of Lingnan University in Guangzhou , China, inspired a growing interest in Asian culture at the college and established its Asian studies program. Pomona's enrollment declined during

6678-425: The college into a large university that could acquire additional resources or remain a small institution capable of providing a more intimate educational experience. Seeking both, he pursued an alternative path inspired by the collegiate university model he observed at Oxford , envisioning a group of independent colleges sharing centralized resources such as a library. On October 14, 1925, Pomona's 38th anniversary,

6784-451: The college upon their death. The plan's model has since been adopted by many other colleges. Lyon made several progressive decisions relating to civil rights, including supporting Japanese-American students during internment and establishing an exchange program in 1952 with Fisk University , a historically black university in Tennessee. He and dean of women Jean Walton ended the gender segregation of Pomona's residential life, first with

6890-428: The college's general operation, assisted by administrative staff and a faculty cabinet. The college has 880 total employees as of the fall 2022 semester. Pomona operates under a shared governance model, in which faculty and students sit on many policymaking committees and have a degree of control over other major decisions. Pomona is the founding member of the Claremont Colleges (colloquially "7Cs", for "seven colleges"),

6996-473: The college. In 1914, the Phi Beta Kappa honor society established a chapter at the college. Daily attendance at chapel was mandated until 1921, and student culture emphasized athletics and academic class rivalries. During World War I, male students were divided into three military companies and a Red Cross unit to assist in the war effort. Confronted with growing demand in the 1920s, Pomona's fourth president, James A. Blaisdell , considered whether to grow

7102-423: The contrary, the Free University of Brussels (nowadays split into ULB and VUB ) was founded by masonic individuals. All of these institutions began to be recognized by the State from 1891 onwards. It is forbidden by law to call a fully private institution "university" or "faculty", meaning fully private (non- free ) 'universities' have limited visibility. Bulgaria has many private universities, among which

7208-443: The country, most notably the American University of Armenia and the Eurasia International University . In Austria , educational institutions must be authorized by the country to legally grant academic degrees . All state-run universities are governed by the 2002 Austrian Universities' and University Degree Programmes' Organisation Act (Federal Law Gazette No. 120/2002). In 1999, a federal law ( Universitäts-Akkreditierungsgesetz )

7314-409: The criticism of the HEC, its creation had a positive impact on higher education in Pakistan. Its two-year report for 2004 to 2006 states that according to the Institute of Scientific Information, the total number of publications appearing in the 8,000 leading journals indexed in the Web of Science arising out of Pakistan in 2005 was 1,259 articles, representing a 41% increase over the past two years and

7420-440: The dining hall staff voted to unionize in 2013. A rebranding initiative that year sought to emphasize students' passion and drive, angering students who thought it would lead to a more stressful culture. Several protests in the 2010s criticized the college's handling of sexual assault , leading to various reforms. In 2017, G. Gabrielle Starr became Pomona's tenth president; she is the first woman and first African American to hold

7526-400: The eastern end. Sumner Hall, the home of admissions and several other administrative departments, is to the north of the dormitories. Oldenborg Center, a foreign-language housing option that includes a foreign-language dining hall, is across from Sumner. South Campus has several arts buildings and performance venues. Bridges Auditorium ("Big Bridges") is used for concerts and speakers and has

7632-673: The end of which time the degrees of Master of Arts and Master of Education were conferred upon him. After graduation, he was recommended to Cen Chunxuan , Governor of Guangdong and Guangxi , by Liang Cheng , the Chinese Ambassador to the United States, and in the summer of 1906 Fong was appointed professor of English in the College of Foreign Languages and Provincial College in Canton. On his return to Canton Fong found his parents still living. He taught school for one year at

7738-452: The ensemble finale to a student-produced blackface minstrel show performed on campus in 1910. The college stopped singing it at convocation and commencement , alienating some alumni. Pomona requested proof of legal residency from employees amid a unionization drive by dining hall workers in 2011. Seventeen workers who were unable to provide documentation were fired, drawing national media attention and sparking criticism from activists;

7844-560: The era) remained almost all white throughout this period. In 1905, during president George A. Gates ' tenure, the college acquired a 64-acre (26 ha) parcel of land to its east known as the Wash. In 1911, as high schools became more common in the region, the college eliminated its preparatory department, which had taught pre-college level courses. The following year, it committed to a liberal arts model , soon after turning its previously separate schools of art and music into departments within

7950-544: The first to gain degree awarding status was Hajvery University, Lahore (HU), established in 1990. From 2003–2004, Pakistan had a total of 83 private degree granting institutions. There are nine private universities in Saudi Arabia . In Sri Lanka , state-recognized private institutes are allowed to award degrees under Section 25A of the Universities Act No. 16 of 1978. The University Grants Commission

8056-470: The full demonstrated need of all admitted students, including international students, through grants rather than loans. It does not offer merit awards or athletic scholarships . Pomona offers instruction in the liberal arts disciplines and awards the Bachelor of Arts degree. The college operates on a semester system , with a normal course load of four full- credit classes per semester. 32 credits and

8162-496: The historical northern edge of the campus. They bear two quotes from President Blaisdell. On the north is "let only the eager, thoughtful and reverent enter here", and on the south is "They only are loyal to this college who departing bear their added riches in trust for mankind". Per campus tradition, enrolling students walk south through the gates during orientation and seniors walk north through them shortly before graduation. The less-developed 40-acre (16 ha) eastern portion of

8268-514: The invitation of Zhang Yuanji  [ zh ] , he became editor-in-chief of the English editorial department of The Commercial Press in Shanghai . Fong wrote a number of textbooks specially adapted to the needs of Chinese students of English, including Language Lessons , A Classroom Conversation Book , Elementary and Intermediate Composition , and Stories from Shakespeare . In raising

8374-643: The largest awarding body in the country, BTEC , and Cambridge International Examinations pathways. Accreditation by the Brunei Darussalam National Accreditation Council (BDNAC) is crucial to establish a private institution. Private universities have been established in Cambodia since 1997. Since 2003, joint-partnership private universities have been established in the People's Republic of China (PRC). Typically,

8480-656: The leading institutions of learning in California and supported himself by working about the college campus. Altogether five years were spent in Pomona College, where he did the high school work and spent his freshman year. From Pomona he went to the University of California and after a study of three years he obtained the degree of Bachelor of Letters , in 1905. Having obtained a scholarship at Teachers College, Columbia University , Fong proceeded to that university to specialize in English and education for one year, at

8586-556: The lowest acceptance rate of any U.S. liberal arts college as of 2021 and is considered the most prestigious liberal arts college in the American West and one of the most prestigious in the country. It has a $ 2.8 billion endowment as of June 2023, making it one of the 10 wealthiest schools in the U.S. on a per student basis. Nearly all students live on campus, and the student body is noted for its racial, geographic, and socioeconomic diversity. The college's athletics teams,

8692-482: The most renowned are New Bulgarian University , located in the capital city Sofia ; Burgas Free University ; Varna Free University and American University in Bulgaria . Finland does not officially recognize private universities but does not explicitly forbid them either. Helsinki School of Business is an example of one such educational institution operating in this market. Since 1880, it has been illegal for

8798-624: The murals Prometheus (1930) by José Clemente Orozco , the first Mexican fresco in the U.S., and Genesis (1960) by Rico Lebrun . The college owns the 53-acre (21 ha) Trails Ends Ranch (a wilderness area in the Webb Canyon north of campus), the 320-acre (130 ha) Mildred Pitt Ranch in southeastern Monterey County , and the Halona Lodge retreat center in Idyllwild, California . The astronomy department built and operates

8904-497: The national stage. The endowment increased ten-fold, enabling the construction and renovation of a number of buildings. Several identity-based groups, such as the Pomona College Women's Union (founded in 1984), were established. In the mid-1980s, out-of-state students began to outnumber in-state students. In 1991, the college converted the dormitory basements used by fraternities into lounges, arguing that this created

9010-516: The natural sciences. The academic buildings are located to the west of North College Way. This area includes Dividing the Light (2007), a skyspace by Light and Space artist and alumnus James Turrell . The residence halls include the Clark halls (I, III, and V) and several more recent constructions. The North Campus dining hall, Frary Dining Hall, features a vaulted ceiling and is the location of

9116-514: The office. From March 2020 through the spring 2021 semester, the college switched to online instruction in response to the COVID-19 pandemic . In April 2024, the college had 19 demonstrators occupying Starr's office to urge the college to divest from Israel arrested. This prompted condemnations and protests , including an encampment on Marston Quad that forced the college to move its commencement off-campus. Pomona's 140-acre (57 ha) campus

9222-532: The opening of Frary Dining Hall (then part of the men's campus) to women beginning in 1957 and later with the elimination of parietal rules in the late 1960s and the introduction of co-educational housing in 1968. The student body, influenced by the countercultural revolution , became less socially conservative and more politically engaged in this era. Protesters opposed to the Vietnam War occupied Sumner Hall to obstruct Air Force recruiters in 1968 and forced

9328-715: The partners may include a Chinese university and a non-Chinese institution. English is often the only language of instruction at such universities and many focus on providing a comprehensive liberal arts education modeled after research universities in the United States and Europe. Universities in India are recognized by the University Grants Commission (UGC), which draws its power from the University Grants Commission Act, 1956 . Private universities in India are regulated under

9434-596: The recent discovery of oil and gas in commercial quantities has influenced the development of oil and gas management courses within the private universities' curricula. Libya has several recognized private education institutions and universities that have been approved by the Ministry of Higher Education. They are ranked and qualified to specialize in academic programs in Business Administration, Computer Science, Law, Medicine, and Humanitarianism. The National Universities Commission of Nigeria holds

9540-796: The responsibility to approve private universities and accredit their courses. This ensures a minimum standard in curriculum and teaching. There are currently 60 approved private universities in Nigeria and many applications are being processed. In South Africa , there are many distinctions between public universities and what are officially termed private higher education institutions. Recognized private higher education institutions include Akademia ( af ), Regent Business School , Eduvos , Varsity College , Vega School , Milpark , Midrand Graduate Institute , and Regenesys Business School . Numerous private universities were established in Bangladesh after

9646-428: The same privileges including social security, foreign law, and state scholarships as students at state universities. Educational services of private universities are not subject to value added tax , and donations are tax-deductible. Accreditations must be renewed regularly and can be withdrawn, e.g., in the case of repeated academic misconduct as happened in 2003 when the accreditation of International University Vienna

9752-454: The schools that send the most students per capita to the highest-ranked U.S. medical, business, and law schools placed Pomona 17th for medical schools, 22nd for business schools, and 14th for law schools. The top industries for graduates are technology; education; consulting and professional services; finance; government, law, and politics; arts, entertainment, and media; healthcare and social services; nonprofits; and research. Pomona alumni earn

9858-560: The southern portion of the avenue, including the Queen Anne–style Helen Goodwin Renwick House , which was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2016. Marston Quadrangle, a 5-acre (2 ha) lawn framed by California sycamore and coastal redwood trees, serves as a central artery for the campus, anchored by Carnegie on the west and Bridges Auditorium on the east. To its north

9964-539: The standard of the English books published by the Commercial Press, Fong made his chief contribution to educational development in China. In 1922, Pomona College awarded him an honorary Doctor of Laws degree, the second such bestowment in its history. Notwithstanding his busy life he has found time for work of social usefulness, and held numerous offices in a social capacity, including Chairman (for many years) of

10070-684: The student-teacher ratio is typically lower and there are more opportunities for hands-on learning. Additionally, private universities in Oman often have more flexible curriculums and can respond quickly to changing labor markets and global trends.   All private universities in Oman must be recognized by the Omani Ministry of Higher Education to offer degree programs and receive approval for new degrees. The Ministry has procedures and standards that all universities must meet to receive accreditation and recognition as an institution of higher education. The Higher Education Commission (HEC), formerly

10176-403: The study (some of these institutes are state-funded institutions of their home countries) and these charges are often a fraction of the cost of studying in the home countries of these institutions. Efforts to establish private universities have been blocked due to protests from state universities' undergraduates and leftist political parties. Many private colleges have sprung up since, including

10282-721: The term "university" as opposed to "private university" in their advertisements in all languages except German while still complying with Austrian law. While the legal definition of "private university" prohibits funding by the federal government of Austria, funding by other public bodies is not prohibited. Consequently, some of Austria's private universities are partly or wholly funded by provincial governments, while others are fully privately funded. Accreditation of private universities began in 2001. As of 2020 , Austria has 16 private universities. Most are small (fewer than 1000 students) and specialize in only one or two fields of study. Four former private universities are not accredited anymore:

10388-550: The west. It is informally divided into North Campus and South Campus by Sixth Street, with most academic buildings in the western half and a naturalistic area known as the Wash in the east. It has been featured in numerous films and television shows, often standing in for other schools. Pomona has undertaken initiatives to make its campus more sustainable, including requiring that all new construction be built to LEED Gold standards, replacing turf with drought-tolerant landscaping, and committing to achieving carbon neutrality without

10494-427: The world, different countries have different regulations regarding accreditation for private universities and as such, private universities are more common in some countries than in others. Some countries do not have any private universities at all. Egypt currently has 21 public universities with about two million students and 23 private universities with 60,000 students. Egypt has many private universities including

10600-554: Was born in Xinning County , Guangdong , China, in 1869. He entered a private primary school in his home village when he was eight years of age. His father was a farmer and Fong was one of eight children. In 1882, accompanied by neighbor villagers Fong embarked for the United States. The steamer that took him to America was the SS China . Through the recommendation of an American family, he obtained work and his weekly wage

10706-526: Was established as a coeducational and nonsectarian Christian institution on October 14, 1887, amidst a real estate boom and anticipated population influx precipitated by the arrival of a transcontinental railroad to Southern California . Its founders, a regional group of Congregationalists , sought to create a "college of the New England type ", emulating the institutions where many of them had been educated. Classes first began at Ayer Cottage ,

10812-711: Was established in 2015 to support creative learning. Approximately half of Pomona students study abroad. As of 2024, the college offers 68 pre-approved programs in 37 countries. Study-away programs are available for Washington, D.C., Silicon Valley , and the Marine Biological Laboratory in Massachusetts, and semester exchanges are offered at Colby , Spelman , and Swarthmore colleges. The Pomona College Career Development Office (CDO) provides students and alumni with career advising , networking , and other pre-professional opportunities. It runs

10918-457: Was offered a government position after earning a jinshi degree in the imperial examination . Declining, he instead became the English department editor of The Commercial Press in Shanghai, a position he held through his retirement. In this role, he translated numerous English works into Chinese, which were used widely throughout the country's education system. He died in 1931, aged 68. Fong

11024-522: Was one dollar. Being anxious to acquire a knowledge of the English language, Fong entered a night school. A Chinese Christian pastor, Chin Toy , took an interest in him and assisted him materially. He soon became a Christian. The Salvation Army was at that time active on the Western coast of America and Fong became an enthusiastic worker. He soon left Sacramento and went to San Francisco , where he underwent

11130-614: Was passed to allow the accreditation of private universities. The Akkreditierungsrat (Accreditation Council) evaluates applicants and issues recommendations to the responsible Austrian accreditation authority (the Austrian Federal Ministry of Science & Research). Accreditation by the council yields a couple of privileges: degrees issued by accredited private universities have the same legal status as those issued by state-run universities. Private universities can appoint or promote professors . Their students enjoy

11236-541: Was withdrawn. In 2006, when the accreditation of Imadec University expired, the Accreditation Council rejected any renewal requests. Austrian law provides that private universities in Austria must use the term Privatuniversität ("private university") in their German names, although their formal names in other languages are not regulated. Thus, there is the possibility of private institutions employing

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