Misplaced Pages

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45-489: The new capital of Egypt has yet to be given a name. A competition was launched on the new capital's website to choose a new name and logo for the city. A jury of specialists was formed to evaluate the proposals submitted to list and determine the best among all the proposals. No official results have yet been announced by the Egyptian Government . In October 2021, transportation minister Kamel al-Wazir indicated

90-670: A capacity of over 93,900 people; it is the largest stadium in Egypt and the second largest in Africa. The stadium is expected to replace the Cairo International Stadium as the new national stadium. Over 30 skyscrapers are under construction, including the Iconic Tower , set to be Egypt and Africa's largest skyscraper. The Oblisco Capitale is a planned and approved skyscraper set to be inaugurated in 2030. It

135-571: A five-year term but can be dissolved earlier by the President. The Constitution reserves fifty per cent of the House may force the resignation of the executive cabinet by voting a motion of censure. For this reason, the Prime Minister and his cabinet are necessarily from the dominant party or coalition in the assembly. In the case of a president and house from opposing parties, this leads to

180-558: A high speed rail line that extends from the northern Mediterranean city of El Alamein to Ain Sokhna city on the Red Sea passing through the new capital and Alexandria . The 450 km (280 mi) line is expected to be finished by 2023. Later phases of the 1,750 km (1,087 mi) high speed network will connect the new capital with cities as far as Aswan in the south of Egypt . The New Administrative Capital will be served by

225-627: A library. The Islamic Cultural Center (Grand Mosque) is the largest mosque in Africa. The mosque is built in the Mamluk style and is on a hill overlooking the New Administrative Capital. It is the largest of mosque in Egypt and third largest in the Middle East. The Nativity of Christ is a Coptic Orthodox cathedral that can accommodate more than 8,000 worshippers. It is considered the largest of its kind in Egypt and

270-405: A new one. On August 15, 2015, President al-Sisi enacted a new Counter-Terrorism Law, which Human Rights Watch claims "mimics" language "already contained in Egypt's decades-old Emergency Law". In Article 2, one of many references include terrorism as "any use of intimidation for the purpose of disturbing public order; harms national unity, social peace, or national security". Following to Section 2,

315-421: A quarter of the land allocated for the city. Some amenities planned for the city are a central park, artificial lakes, around 2,000 educational institutions, technology and innovation park, 18 hospitals, 1,250 mosques and churches, a 93,440-seat stadium, 40,000 hotel rooms, a major theme park four times the size of Disneyland , 90 square kilometres of solar energy farms and electric railway link with Cairo . It

360-423: Is being built as a smart city with over 6,000 cameras monitoring the streets and along with this authorities will be using AI to monitor water use and waste management, and residents will be able to submit complaints into a mobile app. It was originally planned that parliament, presidential palaces, government ministries and foreign embassies would be moved into the city between 2020 and 2022, but due to COVID-19

405-578: Is designed by the Egyptian architectural design firm IDIA in the form of a Pharaonic obelisk , and if built, it would be the tallest building in the world at a height of 1,000 metres (3,300 ft), surpassing the world's tallest tower, Burj Khalifa . The Cairo Light Rail Transit (abbreviated LRT) connects Cairo to the New Administrative Capital. The line starts at Adly Mansour Station at Al Salam City on Cairo Metro Line 3 , and splits into two branches at Badr City . One runs northward, parallel to

450-420: Is expected to partially ease the pressure on Cairo International Airport and Sphinx International Airport . Egyptian Government The politics of Egypt takes place within the framework of a republican semi-presidential system of government. The current political system was established following the 2013 Egyptian military coup d'état , and the takeover of President Abdel Fattah el-Sisi . In

495-545: Is to relieve congestion in Cairo. Cairo has a metropolitan population of nearly 20 million. The city is planned to consist of a government administrative district, a diplomatic quarter, a cultural district (opera and theatres), a central business district (CBD), parks (the 'green river'), and 21 residential districts. The NAC is planned to be built in stages across the space of 170,000 feddans (714 km/ 270 sq mi) with Phase 1 (2016 — ), covering over 40,000 feddans - less than

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540-610: The Brotherhood for his first two terms, then moved more aggressively to block its influence. Trade unions and professional associations are officially sanctioned. In 2014, in Upper Egypt, several newspapers reported that the region of Upper Egypt wants to secede from Egypt to try to improve living standards. The permanent headquarters for the League of Arab States (The Arab League) is located in Cairo. The Secretary-General of

585-604: The Cairo Ring Road , to 10th of Ramadan City , while the other turns south towards the New Administrative Capital. Intermediate cities along the train's route include Obour , Shorouk, and Mostaqbal. In addition, a monorail line under construction will connect Cairo to the new capital, with connections to the Cairo Metro and the Cairo LRT . In January 2021, Egypt signed a contract with Siemens to construct

630-561: The Camp David Accords . Egypt has a major influence amongst other Arab states, and has historically played an important role as a mediator in resolving disputes between various Arab nations, and in the Israeli–Palestinian dispute. Most Arab nations still give credence to Egypt playing that role, though its effects are often limited. Former Egyptian Deputy Prime Minister Boutros Boutros-Ghali served as Secretary General of

675-1005: The Free Egyptians Party , New Wafd Party , Conference Party , and the Egyptian Social Democratic Party . In December 2020, final results of the parliamentary election confirmed a clear majority of the seats for Egypt's Mostaqbal Watn ( Nation's Future ) Party, which strongly supports president El-Sisi. The party even increased its majority, partly because of new electoral rules. Egyptians had lived under emergency law from 1967 until 31 May 2012 (with one 18-month break starting in 1980). Emergency laws have been extended every three years since 1981. These laws sharply circumscribed any non-governmental political activity: street demonstrations, non-approved political organizations, and unregistered financial donations were formally banned. However, since 2000, these restrictions have been violated in practice. In 2003,

720-702: The Sphinx International Airport , near the Giza Pyramids , serving Giza . A whole "city/village" built as a sports complex for the country's possible bids for international sporting events, particularly the Olympic Games and the FIFA World Cup with more than 22 sporting facilities, one of which is the fourth biggest football stadium in the world. The Misr Stadium (also known as Sports City Stadium) opened in 2024 with

765-554: The memorandum of understanding (MoU) signed with Alabbar during the March economic summit, since they did not make any progress with the proposed plans. In the same month Egypt signed a new MoU with China State Construction Engineering Corporation (CSCEC) to "study building and financing" the administrative part of the new capital, which will include ministries, government agencies and the president's office. However, CSCEC signed agreements with Egyptian authorities in 2017 to only develop

810-563: The 1980 Amendments of the Constitution, the Parliament continues to lack the powers to balance the extensive powers of the President. The House of Representatives is the principal legislative body. It consists of a maximum 596 representatives with 448 are directly elected through FPTP and another 120 elected through proportional representation in 4 nationwide districts while the President can appoint up to 28. The House sits for

855-768: The CBD. This left the Egyptian government to finance and manage most of the construction, setting up the Administrative Capital Urban Development Company (ACUD) on 21 April 2016, an Egyptian state owned enterprise (SOE) whose major shareholders are the Ministry of Defence ( National Service Products Organisation and the Armed Forces Land Projects Authority) holding 51% by in-kind contribution of

900-585: The League has traditionally been an Egyptian. Former Egyptian Foreign Minister Ahmed Abu El Ghet is the present Secretary-General of the Arab League. The Arab League moved out of Egypt to Tunis in 1978 as a protest at the peace treaty with Israel but returned in 1989. Egypt was the first Arab state to establish diplomatic relations with the state of Israel, after the signing of the Egypt–Israel peace treaty at

945-509: The Middle East. "The green Nile" as the Egyptians called it while it was being made. The Green River Park (also known as Capital Park) is an urban park planned to extend along the entirety of the new capital, representing the Nile river . It is expected to be 35 kilometres (22 miles) long, aiming to be double the size of New York's Central Park . The initial phase of the park will be of about

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990-456: The People's Assembly retained the last word in the event of a disagreement between the two houses. The Shura Council was abolished in the 2014 constitution . Political parties in Egypt are numerous and exceeds 100 parties. The formation of political parties based on religion, race or gender is prohibited by the Constitution. Before the revolution in 2011, power was concentrated in the hands of

1035-456: The President "may issue a decree to take appropriate measures to maintain security and public order", addressed in Article 53. This includes "the power to order six-month curfews or evacuations in defined areas, subject to a majority vote in parliament within seven days, or cabinet approval if parliament is not in session." Before the revolution, Mubarak tolerated limited political activity by

1080-595: The President of the Republic and the National Democratic Party which retained a super-majority in the People's Assembly. Many new political parties that mostly were fragile formed in anticipation of running candidates in the 2011–12 Egyptian parliamentary election that was considered the first free one since the 1952 revolution. However the elected Parliament was dissolved by the constitutional court and new elections were held in 2015 . Below

1125-623: The United Nations from 1991 to 1996. A territorial dispute with Sudan over an area known as the Hala'ib Triangle has meant that diplomatic relations between the two remain strained. General government sites Ministry of Defense (Egypt) The Egyptian Ministry of Defense is the ministry responsible for the Egyptian Armed Forces organization and manages its affairs and maintains its facilities. It also handles

1170-600: The affairs of colleges and military recruitment, mobilization and management of veterans and military factories in Egypt through the Armed Forces Management and Administration Agency . It was established in 1879 in the Khedivate of Egypt and was then called the Ministry of War, until it was renamed to the Ministry of Defense on 14 May 1971. Egypt's Ministry of Defense is based in Cairo and the headquarters

1215-579: The agenda shifted heavily towards local democratic reforms, opposition to the succession of Gamal Mubarak as president, and rejection of violence by state security forces. Groups involved in the latest wave include PCSPI, the Egyptian Movement for Change ( Kefaya ), and the Association for Egyptian Mothers. Substantial peasant activism exists on a variety of issues, especially related to land rights and land reform . A major turning point

1260-467: The capital city of Kazakhstan in 1997. When the project was officially announced in March 2015, it was revealed that the Egyptian military had already begun building a road from Cairo to the site of the future capital. The proposed builder of the city was Capital City Partners, a private real estate investment firm led by Emirati businessman Mohamed Alabbar . But in September 2015, Egypt cancelled

1305-541: The city might be named "Wedian" (meaning "Riverbed" or "Valley"), or "Masr" (the Arabic equivalent of "Egypt"). Other proposed names include "Kemet," "Al Mustaqbal," and "Al Salam." The new city is to be located 45 kilometres (28 miles) east of Cairo and just outside the Second Greater Cairo Ring Road , in a largely undeveloped area halfway to the seaport city of Suez . According to the plans,

1350-400: The city will become the new administrative and financial capital of Egypt, housing the main government departments and ministries and foreign embassies. On 700 square kilometres (270 sq mi) total area, it is expected to house a population of 6.5 million people, though it is estimated that the figure could rise to seven million. The government stated that the undertaking of the project

1395-415: The current system, the President is elected for a six-year term. Furthermore, the President has the power to dissolve Parliament through Article 137. The Parliament of Egypt is the oldest legislative chamber in Africa and the Middle East. The unicameral Parliament has the ability to impeach the President through Article 161. With 2020 elections to the new Senate, the chamber became bicameral. The position

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1440-527: The election. After a wave of public discontent with autocratic excesses of the Muslim Brotherhood government of President Mohamed Morsi ; the beginning of July 2013 marked the onset of the 2013 Egyptian coup d'état, following the decision of General Abdel Fattah el-Sisi , to remove Morsi from office and suspend the constitution of 2012. El-Sisi was then elected head of state in the 2014 presidential election . On 8 June 2014, Abdel Fatah el-Sisi

1485-437: The first 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) and is under construction. The Octagon (State's Strategic Leadership Centre) is Egypt's new Ministry of Defense headquarters. The complex is considered the largest of its kind in the Middle East and one of the largest in the world. The Capital International Airport is the airport for Egypt's new capital, intended to relieve pressure on Cairo International Airport , serving Cairo , and

1530-514: The land, and the Ministry of Housing 's New Urban Communities Authority (NUCA), holding 49% of the shares via capital injection of EGP 20bn (US$ 2.2bn in 2016) and an authorised capital of EGP 204bn (US$ 22bn). ACUD manages the planning, subdivision, infrastructure construction and sale of land parcels in conjenction with the New Administrative Capital Development Authority affiliated to NUCA, as

1575-442: The latter does with its other new towns. State-owned construction company Arab Contractors was called for constructing the water supply and sewage lines to the new capital. In January 2019, President Abdel Fattah al-Sisi inaugurated a large-scale mosque and a cathedral. Al-Fattah al-Aleem is a Sunni mosque with indoor and outdoor space for 17,000 worshipers, in addition to two Quran memorization houses for men and women and

1620-500: The move of over 30,000 government employees was delayed to March 2023. As of 5 May 2023, 14 ministries and government entities have relocated to the New Administrative Capital. It is expected to cost over US$ 100 million to move the government from Cairo to NAC but a full cost and timeline for the overall project has not yet been revealed. Feedback on former experiences of capital relocation was looked at, for instance by meeting with representatives from Astana , which replaced Almaty as

1665-474: The national level, authority is exercised by and through governors and mayors appointed by the central government and by popularly elected local councils. According to the Egyptian Constitution , political parties are allowed to exist. Religious political parties are not allowed as it would not respect the principle of non-interference of religion in politics and that religion has to remain in

1710-441: The new Capital International Airport . The airport includes a passenger terminal with a current capacity of 300 passengers per hour, eight parking spaces for aircraft, 45 service and administrative buildings, an air control tower and a 3,650 m (11,975 ft) runway suitable for receiving large aircraft, equipped with lighting and automatic landing systems. The airport has an area of 16 square kilometres (6.2 sq mi) and

1755-818: The president to be the Supreme Commander of the Armed Forces. However, to declare war or to send armed forces outside state territory, the president must consult the National Defense Council and have the approval of the majority of the MPs. In April 2019, Egypt's parliament extended presidential terms from four to six years. A constitutional referendum was held in Egypt from 20 to 22 April 2019, with overseas voting taking place between 19 and 21 April. The proposed changes allowed President Abdel Fattah el-Sisi to remain in power until 2030; under

1800-420: The previous version of the constitution, he would have been barred from contesting the next elections, set to take place in 2022. The changes were approved by 88.83% of voters who voted, with a 44% turnout. Parliament meets for one eight-month session each year; under special circumstances the President of the Republic can call an additional session. Even though the powers of the Parliament have increased since

1845-399: The private sphere to respect all beliefs. Also forbidden are political parties supporting militia formations or having an agenda that is contradictory to the constitution and its principles, or threatening the country's stability such as national unity between Muslim Egyptians and Christian Egyptians . As of 2015, there are more than 100 registered political parties in Egypt. The largest were

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1890-544: The situation known as cohabitation . The recent elections were held in 2015 and most recently in 2020 . The Shura Council was the 264-member upper house of Parliament created in 1980. In the Shura Council, 176 members were directly elected and 88 members were appointed by the President of the Republic for six-year terms. One half of the Shura Council was renewed every three years. The Shura Council's legislative powers were limited. On most matters of legislation,

1935-598: Was created after the Egyptian Revolution of 1952 ; Mohammed Naguib was the first to hold the position. Before 2005, the Parliament chose a candidate for the presidency and the people voted, in a referendum, whether or not they approved the proposed candidate for president. After the Egyptian Revolution of 2011 , a new presidential election was held 2012 , it was the first free and fair elections in Egypt's political history. The Muslim Brotherhood declared early 18 June 2012, that its candidate, Mohamed Morsi , won

1980-483: Was officially sworn in as Egypt's new president. Article 133 of Egypt's constitution of 2012 determines a 4-year period of presidential mandate, to which the candidate can only be re-elected once. According to the document, to be eligible the candidate “must be Egyptian born to Egyptian parents, must have carried no other citizenship, must have civil and political right, cannot be married to a non-Egyptian,” and not be younger than 40 Gregorian years. Article 146 declares

2025-581: Was the 1997 repeal of Nasser-era land reform policies under pressure for structural adjustment . A pole for this activity is the Land Center for Human Rights. The Egyptian Revolution of 2011 , inspired by the recent revolution in Tunisia , forced the resignation of President Mubarak and the Military Junta that succeeded him abrogated the Constitution and promised free and fair elections under

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