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93-496: The Paulins Kill was a conduit for the emigration of Palatine Germans who settled in northwestern New Jersey and northeastern Pennsylvania during the colonial period and the American Revolution . Remnants of their chiefly agricultural settlements are still found in local architecture, cemeteries, farms and mills, and the area remains largely rural. Flowing through rural sections of Sussex and Warren counties, it

186-602: A student–teacher ratio of 8.7:1. Students in seventh through twelfth grade for public school attend Kittatinny Regional High School located in Hampton Township , which serves students who reside in Fredon Township , Hampton Township, Sandyston Township and Walpack Township . The high school is located on a 96-acre (39 ha) campus in Hampton Township, about seven minutes outside of

279-485: A $ 121,500 fine for a Sussex County shopping mall sewage treatment facility which discharged pollutants into a tributary of the Paulins Kill between 1996 and 1998. The New Jersey Public Interest Research Group (NJPIRG) has ranked the Paulins Kill as the seventh in a collection of rivers and creeks in a Top 30 listing of New Jersey waterways to Save The Paulins Kill is home to a wide variety of amphibians, including

372-614: A 2010 Census population of 496 in Stillwater Township, out of a CDP total of 1,178 ) is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) split between Hampton Township and Stillwater Township. Other unincorporated communities, localities and place names located partially or completely within the township include Catfish Pond, Duck Pond, Fairview Lake, Five Points, Lake Kathryn, Middleville , Mud Pond, Paulins Kill Lake, Quick Pond, Stillwater, Swartswood , Swartswood Lake and Wintermutes Foundry. Stillwater

465-451: A country). A migrant emigrates from their old country, and immigrates to their new country. Thus, both emigration and immigration describe migration , but from different countries' perspectives. Demographers examine push and pull factors for people to be pushed out of one place and attracted to another. There can be a desire to escape negative circumstances such as shortages of land or jobs, or unfair treatment. People can be pulled to

558-554: A countywide basis are Clerk Jeffrey M. Parrott (R, Wantage Township, 2026), Sheriff Michael F. Strada (R, Hampton Township , 2025) and Surrogate Gary R. Chiusano (R, Frankford Township, 2028). As of March 2011, there were a total of 3,009 registered voters in Stillwater Township, of which 468 (15.6% vs. 16.5% countywide) were registered as Democrats , 1,384 (46.0% vs. 39.3%) were registered as Republicans and 1,153 (38.3% vs. 44.1%) were registered as Unaffiliated . There were 4 voters registered as Libertarians or Greens . Among

651-740: A grist mill at Stillwater starting in 1746, transported flour, fruit, and other products by flatboat down the Paulins Kill and the Delaware River to the market in Philadelphia. Most of the New Jersey shoreline and cities such as Elizabethtown and Newark were practically unknown to the German settlers along the Paulins Kill who learned of the existence of these cities only through trade with the local Lenni Lenape. The first road connecting Elizabethtown, and Morristown with settlements along

744-448: A place, Jose C. Moya writes "one could easily compile similar lists for periods and places where no migration took place." Search for "Emigration from" in titles Unlike immigration, in many countries few if any records have been recorded or maintained in regard to persons leaving a country either on a temporary or permanent basis. Therefore, estimates on emigration must be derived from secondary sources such as immigration records of

837-717: A short distance east of Blairstown on Route 94 , is said to have been named "from the stream upon which it is located." William Armstrong, a local settler, built the first grist mill there along the river in 1768, and the village took root. The Paulins Kill was originally known as the Tockhockonetcong by the local Native Americans, who were likely Munsee , a tribe or phratry of the Lenni Lenape . The name Tockhockonetcong (or Tockhockonetcunk ) roughly translates to "stream that comes from Tok-Hok-Nok"— Tok-hok-nok being an Indian village believed to have been within

930-562: A sparsely populated wilderness, before the creation of turnpike companies in the early decades of the Nineteenth Century. During much of the mid-eighteenth century, trade in the northwestern reaches of New Jersey was conducted through Philadelphia by way of the Delaware River. About the year 1760, Mark Thomson (1739–1803) settled in Hardwick Township (now Frelinghuysen Township) and erected a gristmill and sawmill on

1023-655: A staggered basis, with either one or two seats coming up for election each year. At an annual reorganization meeting held in the beginning of January, the board selects a Commissioner Director and Deputy Director from among its members, with day-to-day supervision of the operation of the county delegated to a County Administrator. As of 2024 , Sussex County's Commissioners are Director Jill Space ( R , Wantage Township , 2025), Deputy Director Chris Carney (R, Frankford Township , 2024), Jack DeGroot (R, Sussex , 2026), William Hayden (R, Branchville , 2025) and Earl Schick (R, Newton , 2024). Constitutional officers elected on

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1116-478: A turnout of 78.2% (vs. 76.9% in Sussex County). In the 2004 presidential election , Republican George W. Bush received 1,473 votes (65.0% vs. 63.9% countywide), ahead of Democrat John Kerry with 754 votes (33.3% vs. 34.4%) and other candidates with 35 votes (1.5% vs. 1.3%), among the 2,267 ballots cast by the township's 2,832 registered voters, for a turnout of 80.0% (vs. 77.7% in the whole county). In

1209-403: A variety of owls, notably the barn , eastern screech , great horned , snowy , barred , and northern saw-whet owl . Emigration Emigration is the act of leaving a resident country or place of residence with the intent to settle elsewhere (to permanently leave a country). Conversely, immigration describes the movement of people into one country from another (to permanently move to

1302-545: Is a township located in Sussex County , in the U.S. state of New Jersey . Situated in the Kittatinny Valley , Stillwater is a rural farming community with a long history of dairy farming . As of the 2020 United States census , the township's population was 4,004, a decrease of 95 (−2.3%) from the 2010 census count of 4,099, which in turn reflected a decrease of 168 (−3.9%) from the 4,267 counted in

1395-664: Is a small one-street village in the area that was first settled by Johan Peter Bernhardt and his two sons-in-law, John George Wintermute and Casper Shafer . At the western terminus of end of Main Street where it meets County Route 521 , the First Presbyterian Church of Stillwater is the dominant feature. As Main Street travels east, the Garris's General Store (1876), "Whitehall" (built in 1785 by Abraham Shafer), Casper Shafer's stonehouse ( c.  1741 ), crossing

1488-434: Is an excellent area for birdwatching, canoeing, hiking, hunting and fishing, and is considered to be one of the best trout streams in New Jersey. The Paulins Kill is a popular fishing destination for various species of trout, such as rainbow trout , brown trout and brook trout . Trout are stocked each year during the spring fishing season by New Jersey's Division of Fish & Wildlife. Hardly any wild trout are found. This

1581-435: Is due to the river getting shallow in summer and warm. The river owes its fly fishing reputation largely to the prolific populations of various species of the mayfly and caddisfly . Historically, the Paulins Kill was known to be populated with American shad , but with the construction of mill dams across the river in the eighteenth and nineteenth century, the shad were unable to spawn in the river. Shad can still be found in

1674-550: Is home to a variety of other animals. Other mammals include eastern chipmunk , porcupine , black bear , striped skunk , river otter , and bobcat . Common northeastern American reptiles found there include snakes such as the American copperhead , northern water snake , common garter snake and milk snake , and turtles, including the eastern box turtle , and common snapping turtle . The Paulinskill Valley Trail —a network of rail trails along abandoned railroad beds of

1767-511: Is now home of the Historical Society of Stillwater Township. Stillwater was, and still is, primarily agricultural. The area is dotted with lime kilns , which used to burn lime to enrich the soil, but are now obsolete, becoming lost to history and the overgrowth of vegetation. An intact kiln still exists on Millbrook Road, a little more than two miles (3 km) from Stillwater village. Roughly one-third of Stillwater Township's area

1860-405: Is one of the countries, where emigration has become a part of culture since 20th century. For example, between 1990 and 2005 approximately 700,000–1,300,000 Armenians left the country. The highly rising numbers of emigration are a direct response to socio-political and economic areas of the country. The internal migration (migration in country) is big (28.7%), while international migration is 71.3% of

1953-649: Is part of the Ordovician Martinsburg Formation (shale and slate) which make up most of the valley—and the Jacksonburg Formation (mostly limestone). Stillwater Township is located in Northwestern New Jersey which has a humid continental climate ( microthermal )—a cooler climate due to its higher elevations. The 2010 United States census counted 4,099 people, 1,553 households, and 1,141 families in

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2046-520: Is regarded as an excellent place for fly fishing . The surrounding area is used for hiking and other forms of recreation such as observing birds and other wildlife. The main branch of the Paulins Kill begins to form immediately north of Newton, in the marshes that straddle the town. The headwaters start near Route 622 in Fredon Township . It flows southwest for the rest of its journey, through Hampton and Stillwater townships in Sussex County . Trout Brook, which rises on Kittatinny Mountain , flows into

2139-506: Is that the Native American name given to the mountain on the valley's western flank, Pahaqualong (also spelled Pahaqualin , Pohoqualin and Pahaquarra ) may have been corrupted and anglicized to a spelling such as "Paulins" by early white settlers or surveyors. Pahaqualong is roughly translated as "end of two mountains with stream between", from a combination of the words pe’uck meaning "water hole," qua meaning "boundary," and

2232-511: The 2000 United States census there were 4,267 people, 1,494 households, and 1,154 families residing in the township. The population density was 157.3 inhabitants per square mile (60.7/km ). There were 2,030 housing units at an average density of 74.9 per square mile (28.9/km ). The racial makeup of the township was 97.96% White , 0.16% African American , 0.21% Native American , 0.47% Asian , 0.23% from other races , and 0.96% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.09% of

2325-561: The 2000 census . Stillwater was settled in the eighteenth century by Palatine German immigrants who entered through the port of Philadelphia . In 1741, Casper Shafer, John George Wintermute (Windemuth), and their father-in-law Johan Peter Bernhardt settled along the Paulins Kill . For the next 50 years, the village of Stillwater was essentially German, centered on a union church shared by Lutheran and German Reformed ( Calvinist ) congregations. The German population assimilated by

2418-624: The 2013 gubernatorial election , Republican Chris Christie received 71.5% of the vote (844 cast), ahead of Democrat Barbara Buono with 24.9% (294 votes), and other candidates with 3.6% (43 votes), among the 1,193 ballots cast by the township's 3,075 registered voters (12 ballots were spoiled), for a turnout of 38.8%. In the 2009 gubernatorial election , Republican Chris Christie received 1,036 votes (63.3% vs. 63.3% countywide), ahead of Democrat Jon Corzine with 406 votes (24.8% vs. 25.7%), Independent Chris Daggett with 157 votes (9.6% vs. 9.1%) and other candidates with 24 votes (1.5% vs. 1.3%), among

2511-616: The 2024-2025 session , the 24th legislative district of the New Jersey Legislature is represented in the State Senate by Parker Space ( R , Wantage Township ) and in the General Assembly by Dawn Fantasia (R, Franklin ) and Mike Inganamort (R, Chester Township ). Sussex County is governed by a Board of County Commissioners whose five members are elected at-large in partisan elections on

2604-525: The American goldfinch . Also sighted are several species of woodpecker, including red-headed , red-bellied , and downy , and the pileated woodpecker , as well as the yellow-bellied sapsucker . Often sighted are water fowl such as the mute swan , the wood duck , and the mallard , wading birds such as the killdeer , and predators such as the red-tailed hawk . More rare birds sighted in the Paulins Kill valley include: purple martin , scarlet tanager , indigo bunting , Baltimore oriole , purple finch , and

2697-682: The Hainesburg Viaduct ), a bridge crossing the Paulins Kill, for the Lackawanna Cut-Off rail corridor. Begun in 1908, this bridge was deemed an engineering marvel for its use of reinforced concrete . Spanning 1,100 feet (335 m) across the Paulins Kill Valley, the Viaduct rises 115 feet (35 m) above the valley floor, and opened for rail traffic in 1911. It was the largest concrete viaduct in

2790-660: The New York, Susquehanna and Western Railroad —have been transformed and maintained for hiking, horseback riding, and other recreational uses, stretches for 27 miles (43 km) from Sparta Junction in Sussex County to Columbia in Warren County, roughly following the entire length of the river. After the New York, Susquehanna and Western decommissioned the route in 1962, the right-of-way along this corridor

2883-582: The Stillwater area. Several of these Hessians are alleged to have deserted the British and taken up residence in Stillwater because of the village's predominantly German emigrant population. The assumption is that the name Paulins Kill was derived from "Pauline's Kill". However, the fact that the name Paulins Kill is present on maps and surveys dating from the 1740s and 1750s—two and three decades before

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2976-461: The county seat of Newton . As of the 2018–19 school year, the high school had an enrollment of 941 students and 97.5 classroom teachers (on an FTE basis), for a student–teacher ratio of 9.7:1. Kittatinny Regional High School was recognized as a National Blue Ribbon School of Excellence in 1997–1998. As of May 2010 , the township had a total of 60.77 miles (97.80 km) of roadways, of which 39.87 miles (64.16 km) were maintained by

3069-605: The spotted salamander , red-spotted newt , American toad , Fowler's toad , American bullfrog and others. In 2000, a public sewer and water project in Branchville, New Jersey, was suspended out of concern for dwarf wedgemussels ( Alasmidonta heterodon ), an endangered species, and restarted in 2002. Near Columbia, the Delaware, Lackawanna and Western Railroad built the Paulinskill Viaduct (known also as

3162-424: The 1,637 ballots cast by the township's 2,991 registered voters, yielding a 54.7% turnout (vs. 52.3% in the county). The Stillwater Township School District serves public school students in pre-kindergarten through sixth grade at Stillwater Township School. As of the 2018–19 school year, the district, comprised of one school, had an enrollment of 254 students and 29.3 classroom teachers (on an FTE basis), for

3255-424: The 2,073 ballots cast by the township's 3,079 registered voters, for a turnout of 67.3% (vs. 68.3% in Sussex County). In the 2008 presidential election , Republican John McCain received 1,389 votes (59.7% vs. 59.2% countywide), ahead of Democrat Barack Obama with 872 votes (37.5% vs. 38.7%) and other candidates with 52 votes (2.2% vs. 1.5%), among the 2,328 ballots cast by the township's 2,978 registered voters, for

3348-517: The 564) statewide that use this form, the second-most commonly used form of government in the state. The Township Committee is comprised of five members, who are elected directly by the voters at-large in partisan elections to serve three-year terms of office on a staggered basis, with either one or two seats coming up for election each year as part of the November general election in a three-year cycle. At an annual reorganization meeting held during

3441-575: The Delaware River, was the Military Road built by Jonathan Hampton (1711–1777) in 1755–1756. This road, which crosses the Paulins Kill at present-day Baleville, in Hampton Township, was built to supply fortifications built in the Delaware valley at this time to protect New Jersey during the French and Indian War . Very few passable, large roads were built in this section of New Jersey, then largely

3534-490: The Delaware River. The Paulins Kill valley contains many protected areas. Swartswood State Park , established in 1914 as the first and oldest state park in New Jersey, is on 2,272 acres (919 ha) just north of Paulins Kill Lake in Sussex County. Along Kittatinny Ridge in the northern part of the watershed are parts of Worthington State Forest (west), Delaware Water Gap National Recreation Area (central), and Stokes State Forests (east). In addition to these state forests,

3627-632: The New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection for $ 600,000, and the Paulinskill Valley Trail was created. The Appalachian Trail follows the top of Kittatinny Ridge at the northern edge of the valley. Birdwatchers have sighted a variety of common and endangered species of birds that inhabit New Jersey. More common species include: American robin , barn swallow , field sparrow , blue jay , black-capped chickadee , northern cardinal , red-winged blackbird and

3720-579: The Paulins Kill and its surrounding valley as an excellent natural resources for open space and farmland preservation and recreational opportunities. The state, working together with agricultural development boards in Sussex and Warren Counties, and with the Ridge and Valley Conservancy , a local nonprofit land trust, share land acquisition costs to enter tracts of real estate into the program. Since 1983, several farms across New Jersey have sold development rights to

3813-526: The Paulins Kill near Shafer's grist mill (1764, 1844) and miller's house. An 1820 hostelry, the Stillwater Inn, recently was destroyed by fire. One half-mile (800 m) south of the Presbyterian church, is John George Wintermute's stonehouse (1755), his son Peter's stonehouse (1791). Located adjacent is Stillwater Cemetery —the site of the original Lutheran-Calvinist union church (1771–1838),

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3906-474: The Paulins Kill valley is host to a variety of common coniferous and deciduous trees, which have been harvested for lumber in the past, including: white oak and black oak , buttonwood , eastern red cedar , eastern hemlock , American chestnut , black walnut , tamarack larch , spruce , and pine . Trees that add to the beauty of the fall foliage include maple , birch , hickory , elm , and crab apple . New Jersey's Green Acres program has targeted

3999-640: The Paulins Kill valley throughout the latter half of the eighteenth century, often traveled north from Philadelphia, or west from Long Island , Newark , and Elizabethtown (now Elizabeth). The area around present-day Stillwater was first settled by the family of Casper Shafer (1712–1784), a Palatine German who had emigrated to Philadelphia a few years earlier. Shafer, with his father-in-law, Johan Peter Bernhardt (?–1748), and his brother-in-law Johann Georg Windemuth (or John George Wintermute) (1711–1782), settled at Stillwater in 1742. Both Shafer and Windemuth were married to Bernhardt's daughters. Shafer, who operated

4092-725: The Paulins Kill. The settlement that arose was later named Marksboro in his honour. Thomson, who removed to Changewater in Hunterdon County , became an officer in the Continental Army during the American Revolution , and served two terms in the House of Representatives. Chiefly a pastoral river in a largely undeveloped area of New Jersey, the Paulins Kill has remained generally unaffected by industrial pollution. Dams were erected to power various small-town gristmills , sawmills , oil expellers , and fulling mills , and

4185-501: The Revolution—negates the veracity of this tradition. Two other possibilities for the naming of the Paulins Kill are more likely. First, that the wife of one of the area's first settlers , Johan Peter Bernhardt (died 1748), was named Maria Paulina and that she had died prior to the first settlement at Stillwater in 1742. However, very few records are extant detailing Bernhardt's family. The second and most likely etymological origin

4278-704: The Township Committee disbanded the Stillwater Police Department. Pending a lawsuit against the township, the New Jersey State Police assumed police coverage on a full-time basis. The township estimated savings of $ 482,000 by having State Police coverage; as a rural community, the township would not pay a fee to the State Police. The Stillwater Area Volunteer Fire Company provide fire and rescue services to

4371-898: The Yards Creek reservoir in Blairstown, enters the Paulins Kill near the hamlet of Hainesburg in Knowlton Township . Finally, in Warren County its waters enter the Delaware River just south of the Delaware Water Gap at the hamlet of Columbia in Knowlton Township. After the establishment of Swartswood State Park in 1914, a dam was built in the 1920s across the river in Stillwater Township to create Paulins Kill Lake. Summer cottages were built to attract vacationers from nearby New York City. Today,

4464-400: The average family size was 3.27. In the township the population was spread out, with 28.0% under the age of 18, 6.6% from 18 to 24, 30.3% from 25 to 44, 26.6% from 45 to 64, and 8.4% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 37 years. For every 100 females, there were 97.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 97.6 males. The median income for a household in

4557-427: The banks of the Paulins Kill produce alfalfa, wheat, corn, hay (and historically, barley, buckwheat and rye). Fruit trees in orchards produce cherries, apples, plums, peaches and pears, while native wild grape vines, and blackberry bushes are also found in the valley. New Jersey's Department of Environmental Protection occasionally brings civil actions against local firms that pollute in the Paulins Kill watershed, such as

4650-570: The boundaries of present-day Newton, New Jersey , near which the eastern (main) branch of the Paulins Kill begins, and the Lenape roots hannek meaning "stream" and the suffix -ong denoting "place". The first human settlement along the Paulins Kill was by early Native Americans circa 8,000–10,000 BC at the close of the last ice age (known as the Wisconsin glaciation ). At the time of the first settlement by emigrating Europeans in this region, it

4743-494: The country is generally uneven and hilly, and on the west exceedingly rugged and mountainous. Ponds and watercourses abound. Of the latter, the most important is the Paulinskill, a millstream of considerable consequence." All of Stillwater Township is located in the Paulins Kill watershed which flows southwest through Sussex and Warren counties before joining the Delaware River near Columbia, New Jersey . The valley floor

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4836-939: The county programs. Sussex County has permanently preserved 12,242 acres (4,954 ha) of woodland and farmland. Likewise, Warren County has preserved 100 farm properties, comprising over 12,200 acres (4,900 ha). In addition, four Wildlife Management Areas (WMAs) are in the Paulins Kill valley area: Bear Swamp WMA, Trout Brook WMA, White Lake WMA, and Columbia Lake WMA. Together they comprise 6,564 acres (2656 ha) of protected lands, mostly acquired through "Green Acres" funds. Hunting and trapping are permitted in season in many of these protected areas. Common game animals include white-tailed deer , eastern coyote , red fox , gray fox , opossum , eastern cottontail rabbit , raccoon , gray and red squirrel , beaver , muskrat , and woodchuck or groundhog. Common game birds include ring-necked pheasant , eastern wild turkey , American crow , and Canada goose . The Paulins Kill watershed

4929-443: The destination that pull them in. Motives to migrate can be either incentives attracting people away, known as pull factors, or circumstances encouraging a person to leave. Diversity of push and pull factors inform management scholarship in their efforts to understand migrant movement. Some scholars criticize the "push-pull" approach to understanding international migration . Regarding lists of positive or negative factors about

5022-557: The early 1950s, the Soviet approach to controlling national movement was emulated by most of the rest of the Eastern Bloc. Restrictions implemented in the Eastern Bloc stopped most east–west migration, with only 13.3 million migrations westward between 1950 and 1990. However, hundreds of thousands of East Germans annually immigrated to West Germany through a "loophole" in the system that existed between East and West Berlin , where

5115-439: The early nineteenth century, but evidence of their settlement remains in the architecture of the grist mills , lime kilns , and stone houses located throughout the valley. Stillwater was incorporated as a township by an act of the New Jersey Legislature on December 27, 1824, from portions of Hardwick Township when Sussex County was divided in half by the legislature a few weeks earlier to create Warren County . Portions of

5208-463: The electrical power plant at Branchville established in 1903. Columbia, a hamlet near the mouth of the Paulins Kill in Knowlton Township , was known for a large glass manufacturing factory. In recent decades, the dams have been breached or no longer impede the flow of the river. Still, pollution reaches the Paulins Kill from nearby residential developments and farm run-off containing agricultural pesticides and fertilizers . Several farms along

5301-684: The end of World War II in 1945, the Soviet Union occupied several Central European countries, together called the Eastern Bloc , with the majority of those living in the newly acquired areas aspiring to independence and wanted the Soviets to leave. Before 1950, over 15 million people emigrated from the Soviet-occupied eastern European countries and immigrated into the west in the five years immediately following World War II . By

5394-1074: The first settlements (as was the case in Knowlton and in Stillwater). However, by the early Nineteenth Century, many descendants of these German settlers removed to newly opened lands in the West (i.e. Ohio , the Northwest Territory , the Southern Tier of New York) and those that remained had assimilated into English-speaking culture, and the German Reformed or Lutheran Churches often became Presbyterian . The German cultural impact of this community can still be seen in local architecture—most notably in barns and in stone houses—and in cemeteries containing intricately carved gravestones often bearing archaic German text and funerary symbols. English, Scottish, and Welsh settlers located in

5487-549: The first week of January, the Township Committee selects one of its members to serve as Mayor and another as Deputy Mayor. As of 2023 , members of the Stillwater Township Committee are Mayor Lisa Chammings ( R , term on committee and as mayor ends December 31, 2023), Deputy Mayor Vera A. Rumsey (R, term on committee ends 2025; term as deputy mayor ends 2023), Paul Barta (R, 2024), Dawn A. Delaney (R, 2025) and George E. Scott (R, 2024). As of 2010,

5580-479: The four occupying World War II powers governed movement. The emigration resulted in massive "brain drain" from East Germany to West Germany of younger educated professionals, such that nearly 20% of East Germany's population had migrated to West Germany by 1961. In 1961, East Germany erected a barbed-wire barrier that would eventually be expanded through construction into the Berlin Wall , effectively closing

5673-590: The graves of the towns earliest settlers, and many eighteenth century ethnic German gravestones. Flanked to the west by Kittatinny Mountain , the Stillwater Township is located within the Ridge and Valley Physiographic Province , and the entire township is within the Kittatinny Valley a region of rolling hills and flat valley floors that is a section of the larger Great Appalachian Valley running 700 miles (1,100 km) from eastern Canada to northern Alabama. Elevations in this valley range from 400 to 1,000 feet (120–300 m). According to Snell, "The surface of

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5766-719: The lake is a private, year-round residential community with over 500 homes. The Paulins Kill drains a portion of the Kittatinny Valley watershed. Kittatinny Valley is bordered to the northwest by the Kittatinny Ridge segment of the Ridge and Valley Appalachian Mountains , and to the southeast by the New Jersey Highlands . High Point , near the northeastern end of the ridge, is the highest peak in New Jersey, reaching an elevation of 1,800 feet (550 m). The lower southern and eastern portions of

5859-436: The later Soviet Union began such restrictions in 1918, with laws and borders tightening until even illegal emigration was nearly impossible by 1928. To strengthen this, they set up internal passport controls and individual city Propiska ("place of residence") permits, along with internal freedom of movement restrictions often called the 101st kilometre , rules which greatly restricted mobility within even small areas. At

5952-866: The loophole. In 1989, the Berlin Wall fell , followed by German reunification and within two years the dissolution of the Soviet Union . By the early 1950s, the Soviet approach to controlling international movement was also emulated by China, Mongolia , and North Korea . North Korea still tightly restricts emigration, and maintains one of the strictest emigration bans in the world, although some North Koreans still manage to illegally emigrate to China. Other countries with tight emigration restrictions at one time or another included Angola , Egypt , Ethiopia , Mozambique , Somalia , Afghanistan , Burma , Democratic Kampuchea (Cambodia from 1975 to 1979) , Laos , North Vietnam , Iraq , South Yemen and Cuba . Stillwater, New Jersey Stillwater Township

6045-442: The most marginalized extreme cases of migration, facing multiple hurdles in their journey and efforts to integrate into the new settings. Scholars in this sense have called for cross-sector engagement from businesses, non-governmental organizations, educational institutions, and other stakeholders within the receiving communities. Patterns of emigration have been shaped by numerous economic, social, and political changes throughout

6138-496: The municipality and 20.90 miles (33.64 km) by Sussex County. No Interstate, U.S. or state highways cross Stillwater Township. The most significant roadway within the township is County Route 521 . Stillwater is the home of Swartswood State Park , established in 1914 as the first state park established by the state of New Jersey. In the center of the park lies the Little Swartswood and Swartswood Lake. The park

6231-517: The official spelling of the name would be Paulins Kill in 1898. Other spellings ( Pawlins Kill or Paulinskill ) have remained in common use. Kill is a Dutch word for "stream". Local tradition says that the Paulins Kill was named for a girl named Pauline, the daughter of a Hessian soldier. During the American Revolution , Hessian soldiers captured at the Battle of Trenton and other skirmishes within New Jersey were held as prisoners of war in

6324-408: The opportunities available elsewhere. Fleeing from oppressive conditions, being a refugee and seeking asylum to get refugee status in a foreign country, may lead to permanent emigration. Forced displacement refers to groups that are forced to abandon their native country, such as by enforced population transfer or the threat of ethnic cleansing . Refugees and asylum seekers in this sense are

6417-433: The population were under the age of 18, 8.1% from 18 to 24, 22.0% from 25 to 44, 36.8% from 45 to 64, and 11.2% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 43.8 years. For every 100 females, the population had 97.9 males. For every 100 females ages 18 and older there were 100.1 males. The Census Bureau's 2006–2010 American Community Survey showed that (in 2010 inflation-adjusted dollars) median household income

6510-409: The population. There were 1,494 households, out of which 41.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 67.6% were married couples living together, 6.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 22.7% were non-families. 17.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 5.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.85 and

6603-417: The population. Of the 1,553 households, 30.0% had children under the age of 18; 61.4% were married couples living together; 7.6% had a female householder with no husband present and 26.5% were non-families. Of all households, 21.6% were made up of individuals and 6.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.64 and the average family size was 3.09. 21.9% of

6696-414: The receiving country or records from other administrative agencies. The rate of emigration has continued to grow, reaching 280 million in 2017. In Armenia, for example, the migration is calculated by counting people arriving or leaving the country via airplane, train, railway or other means of transportation. Here, the emigration index is high: 1.5% of population leaves the country annually. In fact, it

6789-522: The river near Middleville in Stillwater Township. Swartswood Lake feeds Trout Brook through Keen's Mill Brook. The Paulins Kill continues its course southwest, entering Warren County , where it initially forms the border between Frelinghuysen and Hardwick townships. It enters Blairstown immediately after, where it is joined by Blair Creek, named (as is the town) for John Insley Blair (1802–1899), as well as Jacksonburg Creek , Susquehanna Creek, Dilts Creek and Walnut Creek. Yards Creek , which rises at

6882-650: The same reasoning of migration: work or study. The main destinations for it are Russia, France and US. Some countries restrict the ability of their citizens to emigrate to other countries. After 1668, the Qing Emperor banned Han Chinese migration to Manchuria . In 1681, the emperor ordered construction of the Willow Palisade , a barrier beyond which the Chinese were prohibited from encroaching on Manchu and Mongol lands. The Soviet Socialist Republics of

6975-505: The suffix -onk meaning "place." This translation is thought to refer either to the valley of the Paulins Kill itself, or to the Delaware Water Gap . Local tradition does place an Indian village named Pahaquarra near the mouth of the Paulins Kill which is immediately south of the Delaware Water Gap. Likewise, the former Pahaquarry Township in Warren County derived its name from this origin. A village named Paulina located

7068-471: The total migration by people aging 15 and above. It is important to understand the reasons for both types of migration and the availability of the options. For example, in Armenia, everything is localized in the capital city Yerevan, thus, internal migration is from the villages and small cities to the biggest city of the country. The reason for the migration can be work or study. International migration follows

7161-757: The township Stillwater station houses CAFS Pumper 42–62, Rescue-Pumper 42–61, Tanker/Pumper 42–71, Tanker 42–72, Rescue 42–75 and utility and special operations 42–81. In February 2016, the township disbanded the Swartswood Volunteer Fire Department and reclaimed township-owned vehicles and other property. In 2020 The Stillwater Emergency Rescue Squad combined with the Stillwater Area Volunteer Fire Department. The Fire department took ownership of both ambulances, personnel and equipment. The Fire Department now provides emergency medical services to

7254-518: The township was $ 63,750, and the median income for a family was $ 71,563. Males had a median income of $ 48,580 versus $ 35,505 for females. The per capita income for the township was $ 24,933. About 1.6% of families and 2.8% of the population were below the poverty line , including 1.1% of those under age 18 and 7.6% of those age 65 or over. Stillwater is governed under the Township form of New Jersey municipal government, one of 141 municipalities (of

7347-530: The township were taken to form Fredon Township on February 24, 1904. In 2008, New Jersey Monthly magazine ranked Stillwater Township as its 40th best place to live in its annual rankings of the "Best Places To Live" in New Jersey. The township was created on December 27, 1824, by an act passed by the New Jersey Legislature . A prominent structure in the area's history is the Shafer Grist Mill . Originally built by Casper Shafer in 1741, it

7440-405: The township's 2010 Census population, 73.4% (vs. 65.8% in Sussex County) were registered to vote, including 94.0% of those ages 18 and over (vs. 86.5% countywide). In the 2012 presidential election , Republican Mitt Romney received 1,283 votes (61.9% vs. 59.4% countywide), ahead of Democrat Barack Obama with 735 votes (35.5% vs. 38.2%) and other candidates with 49 votes (2.4% vs. 2.1%), among

7533-623: The township, utilizing two full-size ambulances. Stillwater Township is located in the 7th Congressional District and is part of New Jersey's 24th state legislative district. For the 118th United States Congress , New Jersey's 7th congressional district is represented by Thomas Kean Jr. ( R , Westfield ). New Jersey is represented in the United States Senate by Democrats Cory Booker ( Newark , term ends 2027) and George Helmy ( Mountain Lakes , term ends 2024). For

7626-451: The township. The population density was 151.5 per square mile (58.5/km ). There were 1,930 housing units at an average density of 71.3 per square mile (27.5/km ). The racial makeup was 97.07% (3,979) White , 0.66% (27) Black or African American , 0.05% (2) Native American , 0.71% (29) Asian , 0.02% (1) Pacific Islander , 0.20% (8) from other races , and 1.29% (53) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.20% (90) of

7719-619: The valley are drained by the Paulins Kill and the Pequest River , which flow generally south to the Delaware River watershed. The upper northwestern area is drained by the Big Flatbrook River to the Delaware River watershed in the south. The Wallkill River drains the northeastern portion of the valley, flowing north to the Hudson River watershed. The U.S. Geological Survey Board of Geographic Names decided that

7812-712: The valley of the Delaware and settled along the Musconetcong , Pequest and Paulins Kill valleys in New Jersey and along the Lehigh River valley in Pennsylvania . Areas along the Paulins Kill generally were not settled until the 1740s and 1750s. Often villages established and settled by German emigrants remained culturally German well into the Nineteenth Century, with German Lutheran and Reformed churches (often as "Union" churches) established shortly after

7905-509: The widow of poet Joyce Kilmer , lived the last decade of her life at Whitehall, passing away there on October 1, 1941. In the early 1900s, Swartswood Lake became a major resort. Weekenders took the train into nearby Blairstown through the 1940s to stay at such places as the North Shore Inn, The Casino, and The Dove Island Inn (now a private home). Later, summer cabins became popular with Brooklyn weekenders. The Stillwater creamery

7998-569: The world in the last few hundred years. For instance, millions of individuals fled poverty, violence, and political turmoil in Europe to settle in the Americas and Oceania during the 18th, 19th, and 20th centuries. Likewise, millions left South China in the Chinese diaspora during the 19th and early 20th centuries. Demographers distinguish factors at the origin that push people out, versus those at

8091-754: The world until 1915, when the Lackawanna Railroad opened the Tunkhannock Viaduct in Nicholson, Pennsylvania , spanning over twice the Paulinskill Viaduct's length. Currently abandoned, several plans are underway by New Jersey Transit to open the route as a passenger line to Scranton , Pennsylvania . This site is commonly visited by adventure-seeking individuals. The Paulins Kill continues to maintain its rural character through both local concern and government policy. It

8184-426: Was $ 79,367 (with a margin of error of +/− $ 6,830) and the median family income was $ 94,900 (+/− $ 17,365). Males had a median income of $ 50,600 (+/− $ 10,895) versus $ 52,587 (+/− $ 7,700) for females. The per capita income for the borough was $ 32,147 (+/− $ 2,398). About 7.0% of families and 7.2% of the population were below the poverty line , including 12.2% of those under age 18 and 6.1% of those age 65 or over. As of

8277-407: Was built in 1910. Borden, Inc. later took control of the creamery. In the 1920s, the Paulins Kill was dammed to create Paulins Kill Lake and many summer residences sprang up. These summer cottages have grown into what is now a year-round community. The Presbyterian Church is the most prominent feature in Stillwater village. Opposite the church is the former Academy, an old schoolhouse that

8370-649: Was ceded to create Fredon Township in 1904. According to the United States Census Bureau , the township had a total area of 28.25 square miles (73.17 km ), including 26.92 square miles (69.73 km ) of land and 1.33 square miles (3.43 km ) of water (4.69%). The township borders the municipalities of Fredon Township , Hampton Township and Walpack Township in Sussex County; and both Frelinghuysen Township and Hardwick Township in Warren County . Crandon Lakes (with

8463-557: Was moved approximately a half mile to its present location in 1764. It was rebuilt in 1844 and powered by water from the Paulins Kill . Casper's son, Nathan Armstrong Shafer lived in Whitehall Manor, which he built near what is now the center of the village. The gristmill operated commercially until 1955, making it one of the oldest, continuously operating, water-powered gristmills in the State of New Jersey. Aline Murray Kilmer ,

8556-544: Was populated by the Munsee tribe of the Lenni Lenape (or Delaware) Indians. Artifacts (often of stone, clay or bone) of the Native American culture are often found in nearby farm fields and at the site of their ancient villages. Typically, early European settlement along the Paulins Kill was by Palatine Germans who had emigrated to the New World via the port of Philadelphia from 1720 to 1800. Many had trekked north through

8649-453: Was purchased by the City of Newark the following year. Newark hoped to use the bed for a water pipeline connecting to the proposed dam and reservoir project on the Delaware River. However, this project—controversial from the start because of environmental concerns and the federal government's abuse of eminent domain—was canceled during the 1970s. Newark sold their claim to the corridor in 1992 to

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