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56-716: Pacific Century Group ( PCG ), chaired by Richard Li , is an Asia-based private investment group founded in 1993 with interests in technology, media and telecommunications, financial services, infrastructure, property and other investments. It operates mainly in the Asia-Pacific region, including Singapore, Hong Kong and Japan. PCG's main subsidiary is PCCW , which is the largest telecommunications and IT provider in Hong Kong, and through which it controls Hong Kong Telecom (HKT) and Pacific Century Premium Developments among other companies. Richard Li first became interested in
112-424: A microarchitecture , which might be described in e.g. VHDL or Verilog . CPU design is divided into design of the following components: datapaths (such as ALUs and pipelines ), control unit: logic which controls the datapaths, memory components such as register files , caches , clock circuitry such as clock drivers, PLLs, clock distribution networks, pad transceiver circuitry, logic gate cell library which
168-685: A Job Outlook, 2019-29 of -9% (Decline), then a 10% decline for 2021-2031 and now an 11% decline for 2022-2032 for those who program computers (i.e. embedded systems) who are not computer application developers. Furthermore, women in software fields has been declining over the years even faster than other engineering fields. Computer engineering is generally practiced within larger product development firms, and such practice may not be subject to licensing. However, independent consultants who advertise computer engineering, just like any form of engineering, may be subject to state laws which restrict professional engineer practice to only those who have received
224-415: A bachelor's degree in computer engineering, electrical engineering or computer science. Typically one must learn an array of mathematics such as calculus , linear algebra and differential equations , along with computer science . Degrees in electronic or electric engineering also suffice due to the similarity of the two fields. Because hardware engineers commonly work with computer software systems,
280-857: A council member of the Chinese University of Hong Kong , but his association with the university has since ended. He is a full member of the Hong Kong Computer Society. In 2006, Li donated CA$ 1 million to the Canadian National Arts Centre Foundation in Ottawa , which led to the establishment of the Annual Richard Li Young Artist Chair, putting young musicians each year under the mentorship of musical maestros. Through PCCW, Li has overseen
336-706: A former Hong Kong singer , gave birth to their son Ethan in April 2008, followed by twin sons in June 2010. Leong announced in March 2011 that the couple had amicably ended their relationship and that both would be caring for the children. Li is a licensed pilot in the United States and Canada, as well as a licensed divemaster . In 2016, Li bought his own top-level domain (.richardli) for $ 250,000. Computer engineering Computer engineering ( CoE or CpE )
392-475: A majority interest in both HKT Trust and HKT Limited. In November 2011, Li became chairman of HKT Trust, HKT Limited, and HKT's executive committee. With Li as chairman, in December 2013 HKT agreed to acquire CSL New World Mobility, a subsidiary of Telstra , for HK$ 18.8 billion. The transaction was completed in early 2014. In March 2015, PCCW Media acquired the mobile video provider Vuclip , and launched
448-576: A non-executive director to both FWD and PineBridge. By 2016, Li had overseen FWD's expansion into Indonesia , the Philippines , Singapore, Vietnam and Japan . After Li purchased the Hanazono resort in Niseko, Hokkaido in 2007 through his company Pacific Century Premium Developments, development was delayed by the 2011 earthquake and tsunami disaster . By 2018, he had invested
504-611: A number of relief efforts and charity programs. During the 2002–03 SARS outbreak , PCCW provided telecommunication services to patients, medical staff, and fundraisers. Li also established a story time program for children kept home to prevent infection, and call centre support for charity fundraisers and community activists. Under Li, PCCW also donated $ 1 million to the Business Community Relief Fund for Victims of SARS, with employees volunteering man-hours as well. Later in 2007, PCCW volunteers participated in
560-411: A pan-Asian satellite-television network that streamed American television . According to Wired magazine, the service "triggered a vast cultural shift, injecting a massive dose of Western popular entertainment into... more than 50 countries [by 2005]." STAR TV proved lucrative, and in 1993 and 1995 Li sold the network to Rupert Murdoch for a total of USD $ 950.5 million. Using the funds raised from
616-425: A part of this specialty. This specialty focuses on compilers and operating systems design and development. Engineers in this field develop new operating system architecture, program analysis techniques, and new techniques to assure quality. Examples of work in this field include post-link-time code transformation algorithm development and new operating system development. Computational science and engineering
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#1732802566445672-446: A pivotal role in shaping our future, as technology continues to evolve rapidly, leading to a growing demand for skilled computer engineers. Engineering contributes to improving society by creating devices and structures impacting various aspects of our lives, from technology to infrastructure. Engineers also address challenges such as environmental protection and sustainable development , while developing medical treatments. As of 2016,
728-520: A role he still held in 2020. In 1996, Li established Pacific Century CyberWorks (PCCW). Serving as the company's chairman starting in 1999, he remained chairman when the company changed its name to PCCW Ltd. in 2002. In his early financial dealings with PCCW, his Canadian citizenship allowed him to bid on companies such as Air Canada and Bell Canada Enterprises without running afoul of restrictions on foreign ownership. PCCW acquired Cable & Wireless HKT for US$ 38 billion in 2000, in "what
784-541: A strong background in computer programming is necessary. According to BLS, " a computer engineering major is similar to electrical engineering but with some computer science courses added to the curriculum ". Some large firms or specialized jobs require a master's degree. It is also important for computer engineers to keep up with rapid advances in technology . Therefore, many continue learning throughout their careers. This can be helpful, especially when it comes to learning new skills or improving existing ones. For example, as
840-524: A strong track record of holding and developing assets over the long term, and has a network of well-established connections in Asia. Its first foray into financial services came from the acquisition of Pacific Century Insurance ("PCI") in 1994. PCI was listed on the stock exchange of Hong Kong in 1999. By 2007, PCI was the sixth largest life insurer in Hong Kong, including PCI Investment Management Between 2000 and 2007 this company's assets increased seven-fold and
896-500: A total of US$ 930 million in the project, with an onsen , apartments, and two hotels including a Park Hyatt nearing completion by late 2019. In 2018, Li was quoted stating that his insurance businesses took up "70% to 80% of his time," with Li focused on expanding FWD in the Southeast Asian markets. In 2019, FWD had around $ 30 billion in assets under management. Also in 2019, Li's HKT announced it
952-550: Is a branch of electrical engineering that integrates several fields of electrical engineering , electronics engineering and Computer Science required to develop computer hardware and software . Computer engineering is referred to as Electrical and Computer engineering OR Computer Science and Engineering at some universities Computer engineers require training in electrical engineering , electronic engineering , Physics , Computer Science , hardware-software integration, software design , and software engineering . It uses
1008-794: Is a relatively new discipline. According to the Sloan Career Cornerstone Center, individuals working in this area, " computational methods are applied to formulate and solve complex mathematical problems in engineering and the physical and the social sciences. Examples include aircraft design, the plasma processing of nanometer features on semiconductor wafers, VLSI circuit design, radar detection systems, ion transport through biological channels, and much more ". In this specialty, engineers build integrated environments for computing, communications, and information access . Examples include shared-channel wireless networks, adaptive resource management in various systems, and improving
1064-522: Is down from 7% for the 2012 to 2022 BLS estimate and is further down from 9% in the BLS 2010 to 2020 estimate. " Today, computer hardware is somewhat equal to electronic and computer engineering (ECE) and has been divided into many subcategories, the most significant being embedded system design . According to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS), " computer applications software engineers and computer systems software engineers are projected to be among
1120-549: Is the son of businessman Li Ka-shing . Li and his older brother Victor spent their childhoods in Hong Kong, where Li attended St. Paul's Co-educational College . He left Hong Kong at age thirteen to be educated at Menlo School in Atherton, California . In high school, he worked at McDonald's and as a caddy at the local golf course. He studied computer engineering at Stanford University until 1987. Citing personal reasons, he withdrew from university after three years. For
1176-415: Is then implemented to perform a variety of tasks. These include improved human modeling, image communication, and human-computer interfaces, as well as devices such as special-purpose cameras with versatile vision sensors. Individuals working in this area design technology for enhancing the speed, reliability, and performance of systems. Embedded systems are found in many devices from a small FM radio to
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#17328025664451232-473: Is through digital platforms, enabling learning, exploration, and potential income generation at minimal cost and in regional languages, none of which would be possible without engineers. Computer engineering is important in the changes involved in industry 4.0, with engineers responsible for designing and optimizing the technology that surrounds our lives, from big data to AI . Their work not only facilitates global connections and knowledge access, but also plays
1288-701: Is used to implement the logic. Computer engineers work in coding, applied cryptography, and information protection to develop new methods for protecting various information, such as digital images and music , fragmentation, copyright infringement and other forms of tampering by, for example, digital watermarking . Those focusing on communications and wireless networks, work advancements in telecommunications systems and networks (especially wireless networks), modulation and error-control coding, and information theory. High-speed network design , interference suppression and modulation, design, and analysis of fault-tolerant system , and storage and transmission schemes are all
1344-451: The BLS , Job Outlook employment for computer hardware engineers, the expected ten-year growth from 2019 to 2029 for computer hardware engineering was an estimated 2% and a total of 71,100 jobs. (" Slower than average " in their own words when compared to other occupations)". This is a decrease from the 2014 to 2024 BLS computer hardware engineering estimate of 3% and a total of 77,700 jobs; " and
1400-804: The Internet of things . This specialty of computer engineering requires adequate knowledge of electronics and electrical systems. Engineers working in this area work on enhancing the speed, reliability, and energy efficiency of next-generation very-large-scale integrated ( VLSI ) circuits and microsystems. An example of this specialty is work done on reducing the power consumption of VLSI algorithms and architecture. Computer engineers in this area develop improvements in human–computer interaction, including speech recognition and synthesis, medical and scientific imaging, or communications systems. Other work in this area includes computer vision development such as recognition of human facial features . This area integrates
1456-420: The quantum behaviour of small particles such as superposition , interference and entanglement , with classical computers to solve complex problems and formulate algorithms much more efficiently. Individuals focus on fields like Quantum cryptography , physical simulations and quantum algorithms . An accessible avenue for obtaining information and opportunities in technology, especially for young students,
1512-913: The District Elderly Campaign, which delivers gift packages to the elderly. After the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic , Li's PCG donated surgical masks to health care workers and NGOs in Hong Kong in February 2020. Li was awarded the Lifetime Achievement Award by the Cable and Satellite Broadcasting Association of Asia in November 2011. He has also been presented with a Queen Elizabeth II Diamond Jubilee medal for "outstanding business and charitable contributions to Canada." Li's girlfriend Isabella Leong ,
1568-813: The IT and business process outsourcing company PCCW Solutions. As of December 2020, Forbes estimated his net worth at $ 4.5 billion, ranking him 20th on its list of the richest businesspeople in Hong Kong , and 401st on its list of the world's billionaires . Li is currently a member of the Global Information Infrastructure Commission, the United Nations , and the Center for Strategic and International Studies ' International Councillors Group in Washington DC . He
1624-499: The TMT space in 1989 when he foresaw the opportunity for the creative development of information and home entertainment services in Asia and set-up STAR TV , Asia's first satellite-delivered cable-TV service. By 1993 STAR TV had a viewer base of 45 million. In 1993, Richard Li sold STAR TV to Rupert Murdoch 's News Corporation in 2 tranches for around US$ 1.0 billion, achieving a return of 9x over 3 years, and went on to form PCG. PCG has
1680-625: The United States was established in 1971 at Case Western Reserve University in Cleveland , Ohio . As of 2015 , there were 250 ABET -accredited computer engineering programs in the U.S. In Europe, accreditation of computer engineering schools is done by a variety of agencies as part of the EQANIE network. Due to increasing job requirements for engineers who can concurrently design hardware, software , firmware, and manage all forms of computer systems used in industry, some tertiary institutions around
1736-412: The acquisition of the Hong Kong, Macau and Thailand insurance businesses from ING Groep N.V. (ING). PCG has said that these acquisitions are the first step in its plan to develop a world class pan-Asian insurance business to capitalise on the long-term potential of the insurance sector. The total cash consideration of the acquisition was US$ 2.14 billion (EUR 1.64 billion). In September 2020, FWD Group,
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1792-415: The appropriate License. The National Council of Examiners for Engineering and Surveying (NCEES) first offered a Principles and Practice of Engineering Examination for computer engineering in 2003. There are many specialty areas in the field of computer engineering. Processor design process involves choosing an instruction set and a certain execution paradigm (e.g. VLIW or RISC ) and results in
1848-519: The asset management business of AIG Investments and renamed it to PineBridge Investments . In 2013, PCG founded FWD Group . Richard Li currently serves as chairman of PCG, PCCW Ltd. and HKT Limited. He is also on the boards of companies including Pinebridge Investments. Forbes listed his net worth in 2020 at $ 4.5 billion, ranking him 20th on its list of the richest businesspeople in Hong Kong. Born in 1966 in Hong Kong , Richard Li Tzar-kai
1904-519: The average rate of increase for all fields. However, some of the work will be outsourced in foreign countries. Due to this, job growth will not be as fast as during the last decade, as jobs that would have gone to computer software engineers in the United States would instead go to computer software engineers in countries such as India. In addition, the BLS Job Outlook for Computer Programmers, 2014–24 has an −8% (a decline, in their words), then
1960-452: The development of new theories, algorithms , and other tools that add performance to computer systems. Computer architecture includes CPU design , cache hierarchy layout, memory organization , and load balancing . In this specialty, computer engineers focus on developing visual sensing technology to sense an environment, representation of an environment, and manipulation of the environment. The gathered three-dimensional information
2016-457: The faster than average growing occupations " The expected ten-year growth as of 2014 for computer software engineering was an estimated seventeen percent and there was a total of 1,114,000 jobs that same year. This is down from the 2012 to 2022 BLS estimate of 22% for software developers. And, further down from the 30% 2010 to 2020 BLS estimate. In addition, growing concerns over cybersecurity add up to put computer software engineering high above
2072-582: The firm received numerous awards from Standard & Poor's, as well as Lipper. Having grown the business in Hong Kong into a public company with a strong agency force and sound financial performance, there were limited opportunities for expansion in Asia at that time. In 2007, PCI was sold to Fortis to better position the business for the next phase of growth as part of a broader international platform. PCG acquired AIG 's asset management operations, AIG Investments, in 2010, and renamed it PineBridge Investments after restructuring. In February 2013, PCG announced
2128-540: The first planar silicon dioxide transistors by Frosch and Derick in 1957, planar process by Jean Hoerni , the monolithic integrated circuit chip by Robert Noyce at Fairchild Semiconductor in 1959, the metal–oxide–semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET, or MOS transistor) demonstrated by a team at Bell Labs in 1960 and the single-chip microprocessor ( Intel 4004 ) by Federico Faggin , Marcian Hoff , Masatoshi Shima and Stanley Mazor at Intel in 1971. The first computer engineering degree program in
2184-473: The first three years of his career, Li managed funds at an investment bank in Toronto, Canada , acquiring Canadian citizenship in the 1980s. In 1990 he began working in the fund-management department at Hutchison Whampoa in Hong Kong. At Hutchison Whampoa, he was an executive director from 1992 until 1993 and deputy chairman from 1993 until 2000. In 1990, Li began building his own company, STAR TV ,
2240-406: The full breadth of knowledge used in the design and application of computers is beyond the scope of an undergraduate degree . Other institutions may require engineering students to complete one or two years of general engineering before declaring computer engineering as their primary focus. Computer engineering began in 1939 when John Vincent Atanasoff and Clifford Berry began developing
2296-530: The insurance arm of Pacific Century Group entered into a strategic partnership with IPP Financial Advisers to develop life insurance products. Richard Li Richard Li Tzar-kai is a Hong Kong businessman and philanthropist. The founder and chairman of the private investment group Pacific Century Group (PCG), Li started his career in the 1990s with the founding of STAR TV , a pan-Asian television network. After founding PCG in 1993, he went on to establish PCCW and HKT Trust . In 2010, PCG acquired
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2352-692: The larger picture. Robotics are one of the applications of computer engineering. Computer engineering usually deals with areas including writing software and firmware for embedded microcontrollers , designing VLSI chips , analog sensors , mixed signal circuit boards , Thermodynamics and operating systems . Computer engineers are also suited for robotics research, which relies heavily on using digital systems to control and monitor electrical systems like motors , communications , and sensors . In many institutions of higher learning, computer engineering students are allowed to choose areas of in-depth study in their junior and senior years because
2408-731: The list of the world's billionaires, with an estimated fortune of $ 4.3 billion. In September 2009, Li oversaw PCG's acquisition of AIG Investments for around $ 500 million, renaming the asset management company PineBridge Investments . Re-entering the insurance business, in March 2013, Li's PCG acquired the Hong Kong, Macau and Thailand insurance business of ING Groep N.V. for $ 2.1 billion, renaming it FWD Group. With backing by Swiss Re , Li expanded FWD Group through acquisitions, appointing Ronald Arculli as FWD chairman in October 2013. In 2015, Li then appointed former Canadian foreign affairs minister John Baird as
2464-600: The original ABC was dismantled and discarded in the 1940s, a tribute was made to the late inventors; a replica of the ABC was made in 1997, where it took a team of researchers and engineers four years and $ 350,000 to build. The modern personal computer emerged in the 1970s, after several breakthroughs in semiconductor technology. These include the first working transistor by William Shockley , John Bardeen and Walter Brattain at Bell Labs in 1947, in 1955, silicon dioxide surface passivation by Carl Frosch and Lincoln Derick,
2520-459: The quality of service in mobile and ATM environments. Some other examples include work on wireless network systems and fast Ethernet cluster wired systems. Engineers working in computer systems work on research projects that allow for reliable, secure, and high-performance computer systems. Projects such as designing processors for multithreading and parallel processing are included in this field. Other examples of work in this field include
2576-741: The relative cost of fixing a bug increases the further along it is in the software development cycle, there can be greater cost savings attributed to developing and testing for quality code as soon as possible in the process, particularly before release. A person with a profession in computer engineering is called a computer engineer. Institution: Educational Institution (such as colleges, universities) Institution: Private institution (such as computer engineering organizations and private companies) Institution: Public Institution (such as Country's Regulatory Board) Institution: Public or Private Institution There are two major focuses in computer engineering: hardware and software. According to
2632-454: The sale of STAR TV, in 1993 Li founded Pacific Century Group (PCG), an Asia-based investment group with Li serving as CEO and chairman. Li subsequently oversaw PCG's investments in real estate, financial services, technology, and media & telecommunications. He was an executive director at Hongkong Electric Holdings from 1993 until 2000, and chairman of Singapore -based Pacific Century Regional Developments Limited starting in 1994,
2688-494: The space shuttle. According to the Sloan Cornerstone Career Center, ongoing developments in embedded systems include " automated vehicles and equipment to conduct search and rescue, automated transportation systems, and human-robot coordination to repair equipment in space. " As of 2018 , computer embedded systems specializations include system-on-chip design, the architecture of edge computing and
2744-482: The streaming service Viu . Viu was rolled out to 24 markets globally over the next two years, and, by 2017, Viu, Vuclip, and the music streaming service MOOV had been bundled into the company PCCW OTT. That August, PCCW OT secured new investors including Hony Capital , Foxconn Ventures and Temasek . Li was 15th in the Forbes list of Hong Kong's 50 richest people for 2017. The same publication named him 385th in
2800-587: The techniques and principles of electrical engineering and computer science, and can encompass areas such as Electromagnetism , artificial intelligence (AI) , robotics , computer networks , computer architecture and operating systems . Computer engineers are involved in many hardware and software aspects of computing , from the design of individual microcontrollers , microprocessors , personal computers , and supercomputers , to circuit design . This field of engineering not only focuses on how computer systems themselves work, but also on how to integrate them into
2856-490: The world offer a bachelor's degree generally called computer engineering. Both computer engineering and electronic engineering programs include analog and digital circuit design in their curriculum. As with most engineering disciplines, having a sound knowledge of mathematics and science is necessary for computer engineers. Computer engineering is referred to as computer science and engineering at some universities. Most entry-level computer engineering jobs require at least
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#17328025664452912-467: The world's first electronic digital computer through physics , mathematics , and electrical engineering . John Vincent Atanasoff was once a physics and mathematics teacher for Iowa State University and Clifford Berry a former graduate under electrical engineering and physics. Together, they created the Atanasoff-Berry computer , also known as the ABC which took five years to complete. While
2968-401: Was establishing one of the first licensed virtual banks in Hong Kong, and in 2020 launched 5G wireless services. Under Li, the insurance group bolttech was launched in early 2020. He continued to chair Pacific Century Group in 2020, and remained chairman of PCCW Ltd. and HKT Limited. Also on the boards of companies such as PineBridge, Li oversees PCCW subsidiaries such as PCCW Media and
3024-501: Was involved in the spinoff and initial public offering of PCCW's telecommunications assets on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange . With the spinoff named HKT Trust, the listing plan was approved by the exchange in June 2011 and PCCW shareholders on October 12, 2011, allowing for the creation of Hong Kong's first publicly traded business trust. The IPO ultimately raised around $ 1.2 billion. with PCCW maintaining
3080-693: Was previously the Governor of the World Economic Forum for Information Technologies and Telecommunications, as well as a representative of the Hong Kong government at the APEC Business Advisory Council (ABAC) from 2009 to 2014. He was praised by the Secretary for Commerce and Economic Development , Rita Lau , for "helping [to] raise Hong Kong's profile in this important regional business forum". Li served as
3136-513: Was then Asia's largest corporate takeover." The acquisition made PCCW the largest fixed-lined network and wireless operator in Hong Kong. Li joined the board of the Bank of East Asia in 2001, retaining the role until 2017. In 2004, he created the property company PCPD, or Pacific Century Premium Developments, as a spinoff from PCCW, and was chairman of PCPD from 2004 until 2019. As chairman of both PCCW and PCCW's executive committee, in 2011 Li
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